WO2021109371A1 - 一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法 Download PDF

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WO2021109371A1
WO2021109371A1 PCT/CN2020/081537 CN2020081537W WO2021109371A1 WO 2021109371 A1 WO2021109371 A1 WO 2021109371A1 CN 2020081537 W CN2020081537 W CN 2020081537W WO 2021109371 A1 WO2021109371 A1 WO 2021109371A1
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terminated
polyether
azide
add
polyether polyol
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丁荣
焦迎春
黄伟
曹添
安东尼·K.·达西
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江苏四新科技应用研究所股份有限公司
扬州四新新材料科技有限公司
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/42Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
    • C08G77/46Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyether sequences
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    • C09K23/16Amines or polyamines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of surfactants and their preparation, and specifically relates to a method for preparing polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane by using click chemistry.
  • Polyether modified polyorganosiloxane is formed by connecting polyether segments and polysiloxane segments through chemical bonds.
  • the hydrophilic polyether segment gives it water solubility, and the hydrophobic polysiloxane segment gives it low surface tension.
  • By changing the ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide in the polyether segment choose different hydrogen content
  • By adjusting the molar mass or molar ratio of polysiloxane segment and polysiloxane segment a series of polyether-modified polyorganosiloxanes with different HLB values can be prepared.
  • Silicone has a series of functions such as emulsification, wetting, foaming, defoaming and solubilization, and has been widely used in emulsifiers, water-soluble lubricants, polyurethane foam leveling agents, silicone defoamers, paint leveling agents , Fabric hydrophilic and other fields.
  • polyether modified polyorganosiloxane has two structures: Si-OC type and Si-C type.
  • Si-C type is the main variety of polyether modified polyorganosiloxane.
  • the product of the hydrosilation reaction contains both Markov rule and reverse Markov rule products, which is not conducive to the relationship between research performance and product results; 2) the reaction catalyst metal platinum is expensive and the purification process It is difficult to remove, not only affects the product performance, but also limits its application in biomedicine and other fields; 3) The platinum catalyzed reaction conditions are harsh and generally require anhydrous and oxygen-free environment; 4) The hydrosilation reaction is a strong exothermic reaction. In industrial production, the temperature is not easy to control, and the heat preservation temperature is relatively high, which increases the cost of energy consumption. Therefore, it is imperative to find a new method of atom economy and environmental protection to replace the traditional hydrosilation reaction.
  • the ordinary branched and crosslinked polyether modified silicone oil prepared by the traditional method has low emulsification performance, and it is difficult to emulsify high-viscosity silicone grease in the defoamer industry. Therefore, it is imperative to prepare polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane with high emulsifying properties.
  • Click chemistry was first proposed by Nobel Prize winner Sharpless in 2001. It aims to synthesize various compounds quickly and reliably through small unit molecules through carbon-heteroatom bonds (C-X-C).
  • the representative reaction of click chemistry is the copper-catalyzed azide-alkynyl cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), which has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high conversion rate, low cost, high selectivity and good functional group tolerance. At present, It is widely used in biology, medicine and other fields.
  • CN105330834A The use of azido-terminated polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent and alkynyl benzene-pyridine derivatives to carry out a click chemical reaction to prepare a polycarboxylic acid resistant polymer with a side chain end group of benzene-pyridine derivatives Mud water reducing agent.
  • azide-alkynyl click chemistry method there is no literature report or patent application on the preparation of polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane by the azide-alkynyl click chemistry method.
  • the present invention first prepares azido-terminated polyorganosiloxane and alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol, and then uses Click Chemistry technology to obtain a polyether modified silicone oil with a hyperbranched structure.
  • the branched and crosslinked polyether modified silicone oil prepared by traditional platinum catalysis has high solubility, highly crosslinked internal branched skeleton and internal cavity, a large number of terminal functional groups, and thus has excellent emulsification ability.
  • the organosilicon defoamer prepared by it has smaller particle size, better stability and superior anti-foaming performance.
  • a method for preparing polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane is: (1) adding azido-terminated polysiloxane, alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol, and solvent to the reactor to make the added reaction After the substance is uniformly dispersed, add catalyst and ligand at a temperature of 60-120°C; (2) The mixture of step (1) is reacted at a temperature of 60-120°C for 0.5-5h under the protection of nitrogen, and passed through alkyne The initial product is obtained by the radical-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) the initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane.
  • component A(I) azido-terminated polysiloxane
  • the preparation method is: 1) Dissolve bishydroxytetramethyldisiloxane in 150ml of dichloromethane and cool to 0°C; continue to add acid chloride compound and pyridine, and slowly add organic amines while stirring, and react for 0.5 ⁇ 5.0h ; The crude product was washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain double-p-methylsulfonyl-terminated tetramethyldisiloxane; 2) 1) prepared bis-acid chloride compound-terminated tetramethyldisiloxane The alkane and siloxane ring are added to a dry round-bottomed flask, pre-stirred at room temperature for 10-20min, and then slowly added an acid catalyst, maintaining the reaction temperature at 20-120°C, and the reaction time is 1-48h.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined polyorganosiloxane terminated by bisacid chloride compound; 3) Diacid chloride compound terminated polyorganosiloxane prepared by 2) Dissolve in 20ml of tetrahydrofuran, then add 10ml of dimethylformamide, add azide salt at room temperature, and then increase the temperature to 20 ⁇ 120°C, and the reaction time is 1 ⁇ 48h.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane.
  • the molar ratio of bishydroxytetramethyldisiloxane, acid chloride compound, acid chloride compound, and organic amine described in step (1) is: 1:1 to 5:0.1 to 0.5:5.0-15.0; in step (2)
  • the molar ratio of the two-pair methylsulfonyl-terminated tetramethyldisiloxane, the siloxane ring body, and the acid catalyst is: 1:10 ⁇ 200:0.5 ⁇ 5.0; in step (3), the two-pair methylsulfonyl
  • the molar ratio of the blocked polyorganosiloxane to the azide salt is 1:1.0-4.0.
  • the bishydroxytetramethyldisiloxane is 1,3-bis(4-hydroxybutyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3-bis(3-hydroxyisobutyl)tetramethyldisiloxane Siloxane, 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane;
  • the organic solvent is dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane
  • the acid chloride compound is p-methanesulfonyl chloride, 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride, methyl chloride sulfonyl chloride, thionyl chloride, trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride;
  • the organic amine is methylamine, ethylamine, ethylene dichloride Amine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine,
  • the preparation method is as follows: Weigh a certain amount of polyether polyol into a dry 250ml high vacuum flask, measure 150ml-200ml dry tetrahydrofuran into the high vacuum flask, and add the polyether at 40-60°C. The polyol dissolves. After the system is cooled to room temperature, a prescribed amount of sodium hydride powder is added, and the reaction is stirred at room temperature for 10-15 hours. After the reaction is completed, a prescribed amount of propargyl bromide solution is added to the reaction system.
  • the polyether polyol is polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 200-2000), polypropylene glycol (molecular weight 200-2000); the molar ratio of sodium hydride to polyether polyol is 1:1-4:1; propynyl bromide The molar ratio with polyether polyol is 1:1-4:1.
  • the solvent is a polar or non-polar solvent, preferably a polar solvent, selected from tetrahydrofuran, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine, and triethylamine.
  • the catalyst is a copper-based, iron-based or rhenium-based catalyst.
  • the ligand is a nitrogen-containing multidentate ligand, selected from N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 1,1,4,7,10,10 -Hexamethyltriethylenetetramine and tris(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)amine, N-n-hexyl-2-pyridylformamide, tetramethylethylenediamine.
  • the molar ratio of the azido-terminated polyorganosiloxane to the alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol is 3:2-6:2; the mass amount of the catalyst is the azido-terminated polyorganosiloxane, 0.1% to 5% of the total mass of the alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol; the ratio of the molar amount of the ligand to the molar amount of the catalyst is 1:1-10:1; the mass of the solvent and the polyorganosiloxane terminated by the azido group
  • the mass ratio of the total mass of the alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol is 4.5:1-9:1.
  • the method of the present invention prepares a polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane with a specific structure under the action of a certain temperature and a catalyst through the number and position of the polymer chain connection points of "click chemistry", which overcomes the traditional preparation of polyether-modified polysiloxane The disadvantage that the structure of oxane is difficult to control.
  • the raw material for synthesizing the network structure has an azido-terminated polyether polyol structure that contains an azide group with no less than 3 functionality, and the polyorganosiloxane structure with an alkynyl end group contains an alkynyl group with no less than 2 functionality, Therefore, a dense spatial network structure can be formed, which can be fully mixed with the highly cross-linked organic silicon active material, which is beneficial to the formation of a stable emulsion system.
  • alkynyl-terminated polyether polyols examples include butyl-terminated polyether polyols
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain a refined double-p-methylsulfonyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane; 3) 6.07g of the two-p-methylsulfonyl prepared in 2)
  • the acyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and then 10 ml of dimethylformamide was added, and 0.13 g of sodium azide was added at room temperature to maintain the reaction temperature at 20° C. and the reaction time for 48 hours.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-1.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined methyl chloride sulfonyl chloride terminated polyorganosiloxane; 3) 4.21 g of dichloromethane sulfonyl chloride terminated in 2)
  • the polyorganosiloxane was dissolved in 20ml of tetrahydrofuran, then 10ml of dimethylformamide was added, 0.32g of potassium azide was added at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 120°C, and the reaction time was 1h.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-2.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated and purified to obtain refined bisdichlorothionine-terminated polyorganosiloxane; 3) 22.99g bisdichlorothionide prepared in 2) is sealed
  • the end polyorganosiloxane was dissolved in 20ml of tetrahydrofuran, then 10ml of dimethylformamide was added, 0.13g of sodium azide was added at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 100°C, and the reaction time was 15h.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-4.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined bistrichloromethanesulfonyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane; 3) 22.99g of bistrichloromethane prepared by 2)
  • the sulfonyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane was dissolved in 20ml of tetrahydrofuran, and then 10ml of dimethylformamide was added, 0.065g of sodium azide was added at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 100°C, and the reaction time was 15h.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-5.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined bistrichloromethylsulfonyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane; 3) 6.07g of bis-paramethyl prepared by 2)
  • the sulfonyl chloride-terminated polyorganosiloxane was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, then 10 ml of dimethylformamide was added, 0.13 g of sodium azide was added at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 100° C., and the reaction time was 15 hours.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-6.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined bistrichloromethanesulfonyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane; 3) 6.04g of bis-p-methyl prepared by 2)
  • the sulfonyl chloride-terminated polyorganosiloxane was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, then 10 ml of dimethylformamide was added, 0.13 g of sodium azide was added at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 100° C., and the reaction time was 15 hours.
  • the crude product is diluted with cyclohexane, extracted, washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified to obtain refined azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-7.
  • step (1) Add 17.88g of azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-1, 2.09g of alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol A(II)-1, and 89.87g of toluene solvent into the reactor to make After the added reactants are evenly dispersed, add 0.2g of catalyst cuprous bromide and 0.0014mol ligand N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine at a temperature of 60°C; (2) Under the protection of nitrogen, the mixture of step (1) is reacted at a temperature of 60° C.
  • step (2) the initial product of step (2)
  • the product can be filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B1.
  • step (1) 268.92g terminal azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-3, 4.09g terminal alkynyl polyether polyol A(II)-3, 2457.09g solvent N,N-dimethylform
  • 13.66g of catalyst cuprous bromide and 0.954mol of ligand N, N, N', N", N"-pentamethyl were added at a temperature of 120°C
  • the mixture of step (1) is reacted at a temperature of 120°C for 5 hours under the protection of nitrogen, and the initial product is obtained through the alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3)
  • the initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B3.
  • step (1) 114.38g of azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-4, 0.49g of alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol A(II)-4, and 918.96g of pyridine solvent were added to the reactor to make After the added reactants are evenly dispersed, add 4.59g of catalyst CuI and 0.2169mol of ligand 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine and tris(N,N) at a temperature of 70°C -Dimethylaminoethyl)amine; (2) The mixture of step (1) is reacted at a temperature of 70°C for 2.5h under the protection of nitrogen, and the initial product is obtained through the alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) The initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B4.
  • step (1) Add 27.76g of azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-5, 4.09g of alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol A(II)-5, and 222.95g of toluene solvent into the reactor to make After the added reactants are uniformly dispersed, add 0.96 g of catalyst CuSO 4 and 0.03 mol of ligand N-hexyl-2 pyridylcarboxamide at a temperature of 90°C; (2) The mixture of step (1) is protected by nitrogen After reacting at a temperature of 90°C for 2 hours, the initial product is obtained through alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) the initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether modified Polyorganosiloxane B5.
  • step (1) is reacted at a temperature of 70°C for 2.5h under the protection of nitrogen, and the initial product is obtained through the alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) The initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B6.
  • step (1) Add 29.66g of azido-terminated polysiloxane A(I)-7, 2.09g of alkynyl-terminated polyether polyol A(II)-1, and 222.25g of tetrahydrofuran solvent into the reactor to make After the added reactants are uniformly dispersed, 1.28g of catalyst CuSO 4 and 0.04mol of ligand N-hexyl-2pyridylcarboxamide are added at a temperature of 90°C; (2) The mixture of step (1) is protected by nitrogen After reacting at a temperature of 90°C for 2 hours, the initial product is obtained through alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) the initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether modified Polyorganosiloxane B7.
  • polyether modified polyorganosiloxane B6 modified polyorganosiloxane obtained by reaction of hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane, unsaturated polyether and ⁇ -olefin
  • polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B7 modified polyorganosiloxane obtained by reaction of hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane, unsaturated polyether and divinyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane) Oxane
  • the emulsion was prepared using polyether modified polyorganosiloxane Example 1-Example 7, and Comparative Example 1-Comparative Example 3.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the test temperature is 40°C and the sample dosage is 20g.

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Abstract

一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,首先制备端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷和端炔基的聚醚多元醇,然后利用"点击化学"(Click Chemistry)技术得到超支链化结构的聚醚改性硅油,相比传统铂催化制备的支链型和交联型聚醚改性硅油,其具有高溶解性、高度交联的内部支化骨架和内部空腔、大量的端基官能团,从而具有优异的乳化能力。用其制备的有机硅消泡剂粒径更小、稳定性更好、消抑泡性能更优越。

Description

一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法 技术领域
本发明属于表面活性剂及其制备技术领域,具体涉及利用点击化学制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法。
背景技术
聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷由聚醚链段与聚硅氧烷链段,通过化学键连接而成。亲水性的聚醚链段赋予其水溶性,疏水性的聚硅氧烷链段赋予其低表面张力,通过改变聚醚链段中环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的比例、选择不同含氢量的聚硅氧烷链段、调整聚醚链段与聚硅氧烷链段的摩尔质量或摩尔比例,可以制备一系列不同HLB值的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷,聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷具有乳化、润湿、起泡、消泡以及增溶等一系列功能,现已广泛用于乳化剂、水溶性润滑剂、聚氨酯泡沫均匀剂、有机硅消泡剂、涂料流平剂、织物亲水等领域。
目前,聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷有Si-O-C型和Si-C型2种结构,其中Si-C型是聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的主要品种,Si-C型聚醚改性硅油都是在铂配合物催化下通过聚甲基氢硅氧烷的Si-H键与聚醚端乙烯基片段的C=C键通过硅氢化反应所制得。该传统方法具有如下缺点:1)硅氢化反应产物中同时含有马氏规则和反马氏规则产物,不利于研究性能与产物结果之间的关系;2)反应催化剂金属铂价格昂贵,且纯化过程中难以去除,不但会影响产品性能还限制了其在生物医药等领域的应用;3)铂催化反应条件苛刻,一般都需要无水无 氧环境;4)硅氢化反应属于强放热反应,在工业生产中温度不易控制,且保温温度较高,能耗成本增加。因此,找到一种原子经济、绿色环保的新方法代替传统的硅氢化反应势在必行。该传统方法制备的普通的支链型和交联型聚醚改性硅油乳化性能低,在消泡剂行业难以乳化高粘度的硅脂。因此制备乳化性能高的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷势在必行。
“点击化学”(clickchemistry)由诺贝尔化学奖获得者Sharpless于2001年首先提出,旨在通过小单元分子通过碳-杂原子键(C-X-C)快速可靠的合成形形色色的化合物。点击化学的代表反应为铜催化的叠氮-炔基环加成反应(CuAAC),具有反应条件温和、转化率高、成本低、高选择性和较好的官能基团容忍度等优点,目前广泛应用于生物、医药等领域。CN103342814A芳香环衍生物类双炔单体与全氟环丁基叠氮单体或全氟环丁基双炔单体与芳香环衍生物类叠氮单体或全氟环丁基双炔单体与全氟环丁基叠氮单体在溶剂中反应得到短氟碳链涂层整理剂,具有优异的拒水拒油效果。CN105330834A利用端叠氮基聚羧酸系减水剂与端炔基苯类-吡啶类衍生物进行点击化学反应,制备一种侧链端基是苯类-吡啶类衍生物的聚羧酸系抗泥减水剂。但是,至今没有关于叠氮-炔基点击化学法制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的文献报道或者专利申请。
发明内容
本发明首先制备端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷和端炔基的聚醚 多元醇,然后利用“点击化学”(Click Chemistry)技术得到超支链化结构的聚醚改性硅油,相比传统铂催化制备的支链型和交联型聚醚改性硅油,其具有高溶解性、高度交联的内部支化骨架和内部空腔、大量的端基官能团,从而具有优异的乳化能力。用其制备的有机硅消泡剂粒径更小、稳定性更好、消抑泡性能更优越。
一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法为:(1)将端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷、端炔基聚醚多元醇、溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60~120℃的温度下加入催化剂和配体;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60~120℃的温度下反应0.5~5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷。
其中组分A(I):端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷
制备方法为:1)将双羟基四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入酰氯化合物和吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加有机胺,反应0.5~5.0h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双对甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的双酰氯化合物封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和硅氧烷环体加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌10-20min,然后缓慢加入酸催化剂,维持反应温度为20~120℃,反应时间为1~48h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双酰氯化合物封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的双酰氯化合物封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加 入叠氮化盐,然后升温至20~120℃,反应时间为1~48h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷。
步骤(1)中所述的双羟基四甲基二硅氧烷、酰氯化合物、酰氯化合物、有机胺的摩尔比为:1:1~5:0.1~0.5:5.0-15.0;步骤(2)中双对甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷、硅氧烷环体、酸催化剂的摩尔比为:1:10~200:0.5~5.0;步骤(3)中双对甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷与叠氮化盐的摩尔比为:1:1.0~4.0。
所述的双羟基四甲基二硅氧烷为1,3-双(4-羟基丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-双(3-羟基异丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-二(3-羟基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷;所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷;所述的酰氯化合物为对甲基磺酰氯、4-甲苯磺酰氯、氯甲烷磺酰氯、二氯亚砜、三氯甲基磺酰氯;所述的有机胺为甲胺、乙胺、乙二胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、丙胺、异丙胺、尿素、乙醇胺、1,3-丙二胺、三丙胺、三乙醇胺、丁胺、异丁胺、叔丁胺、己胺、辛胺;所述的硅氧烷环体为六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)、十二甲基环六硅氧烷(D6)中的一种或多种组合物;所述的酸催化剂为浓硫酸、浓硝酸、固体酸等;所述的叠氮化盐为叠氮化钠、叠氮化钾、叠氮化铯、叠氮化铵、叠氮化钙、叠氮化铜。
A(II):端炔基聚醚多元醇:
制备方法为:称取一定量的聚醚多元醇加入到干燥的250ml高 真空瓶中,量取150ml-200ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在40-60℃条件下将聚醚多元醇溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入规定量的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌10-15h。反应完成后将规定量的丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应20-25h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇。
其中聚醚多元醇为聚乙二醇(分子量为200-2000)、聚丙二醇(分子量为200-2000);氢化钠与聚醚多元醇的摩尔比为1:1-4:1;丙炔溴与聚醚多元醇的摩尔比为1:1-4:1。
A(III):溶剂:
所述的溶剂为极性或非极性溶剂,优选极性溶剂,选自四氢呋喃、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶、三乙胺。
A(IV):催化剂:
所述的催化剂为铜系、铁系或铼系催化剂。
A(V):配体:
所述的配体为含氮的多齿配体,选自N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺、N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺、四甲基乙二胺。
所述端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷、端炔基的聚醚多元醇摩尔比为3:2~6:2;催化剂的质量用量为端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷、 端炔基的聚醚多元醇总质量的0.1~5%;配体的摩尔量与催化剂摩尔量的比值为1:1~10:1;溶剂质量与端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷、端炔基的聚醚多元醇总质量的质量比为4.5:1~9:1。
本发明方法通过“点击化学”聚合物链连接点的数量与位置,在一定温度和催化剂作用下制备特定结构规整的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷,克服了传统制备聚醚改性聚硅氧烷结构难以控制的缺点。合成该网络结构的原料端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇结构中含有不小于3官能度的叠氮基以及端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷结构中含有不小于2官能度的炔基,故可以形成致密的空间网络结构,使其可以与高度交联的有机硅活性物充分的混合,有利于形成稳定的乳液体系。
具体实施例
端炔基聚醚多元醇实施例
实施例1
称取100g的聚乙二醇(分子量1000)加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取150ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在50℃条件下将聚乙二醇(分子量1000)溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入8.88g的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌10h。反应完成后将规8ml丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应20h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)-1。
实施例2
称取100g的聚乙二醇(分子量200)加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取200ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在40℃条件下将聚乙二醇(分子量200)溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入24g的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌15h。反应完成后将78ml的丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应25h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)-2。
实施例3
称取100g的聚乙二醇(分子量2000)加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取180ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在60℃条件下将聚乙二醇(分子量2000)溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入3.6g的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌13h。反应完成后将14ml的丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应21h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)-3。
实施例4
称取100g的聚丙二醇(分子量200)加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取190ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在40℃条件下将聚丙二醇(分子量200)溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入48g 的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌14h。反应完成后将78ml的丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应24h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)-4。
实施例5
称取100g的聚丙二醇(分子量1000)加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取170ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在50℃条件下将聚丙二醇(分子量1000)溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入2.4g的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌12h。反应完成后将8ml丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应21h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)-5。
实施例6
称取100g的聚丙二醇(分子量2000)加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取170ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在60℃条件下将聚丙二醇(分子量2000)溶解。待体系冷却至室温,加入2.4g的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌13h。反应完成后将16ml的丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中。反应22h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多 元醇A(II)-6。
端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷实施例
实施例1
1)将8.36g的1,3-双(4-羟基丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml三氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入8.60g对甲基磺酰氯和0.73g的4-二甲氨基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加30.3g三乙胺,反应1h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双对甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的1.45g双对甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和18.78g的D4加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌10min,然后缓慢加入0.27g浓硫酸,维持反应温度为20℃,反应时间为48h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双对甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的6.07g双对甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入0.13g叠氮化钠,维持反应温度为20℃,反应时间为48h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-1。
实施例2
1)将8.36g的1,3-双(3-羟基异丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入11.18g氯甲烷磺酰氯和1.4g的2-甲基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加27.49g乙醇胺,反应0.5h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双氯甲烷磺酰氯 封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的1.69g双氯甲烷磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和12.38硅氧烷环体D5加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌20min,然后缓慢加入0.11g浓硝酸,维持反应温度为100℃,反应时间为1h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的氯甲烷磺酰氯封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的4.21g双氯甲烷磺酰氯封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入0.32g叠氮化钾,然后升温至120℃,反应时间为1h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-2。
实施例3
1)将8.36g的1,3-双(4-羟基丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入14.3g的4-甲苯磺酰氯和0.32g的2,4-二甲基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加21.94g三丙胺,反应5.0h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双4-甲苯磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的1.96g双4-甲苯磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和148.60g硅氧烷环体D3加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌10min,然后缓慢加入1.64g浓硫酸,维持反应温度为120℃,反应时间为1h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双4-甲苯磺酰氯封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的45.08g双4-甲苯磺酰氯封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下 加入0.35g叠氮化铯,保持温度120℃,反应时间为1h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-3。
实施例4
1)将8.36g的1,3-双(4-羟基丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入3.57二氯亚砜和0.73g2,4.6-三甲基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加21.94g丁胺,反应3h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双二氯亚砜封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的1.47g双二氯亚砜封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和75.30g硅氧烷环体D4加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌15min,然后缓慢加入0.65g浓硫酸,维持反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双二氯亚砜封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的22.99g双二氯亚砜封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入0.13g叠氮化钠,然后升温至100℃,反应时间为15h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-4。
实施例5
1)将8.36g的1,3-双(4-羟基丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入16.34三氯甲基磺酰和0.56g甲基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加18.03g乙二胺,反应2h;粗产物经盐水 洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双三氯甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的2.14g双三氯甲基酰胺封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和18.78g硅氧烷环体D4加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌18min,然后缓慢加入0.27g浓硫酸,维持反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双三氯甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的22.99g双三氯甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入0.065g叠氮化钠,然后升温至100℃,反应时间为15h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-5。
实施例6
1)将8.36g的1,3-双(3-羟基异丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入8.6g对甲基磺酰氯和0.73g4-二甲氨基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加30.3g三乙胺,反应2h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双对甲基磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的1.45g双对甲基磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和18.78g硅氧烷环体D4加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌18min,然后缓慢加入0.27g浓硫酸,维持反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双三氯甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的6.07g双对甲基磺酰氯封端的聚有机硅氧烷 溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入0.13g叠氮化钠,然后升温至100℃,反应时间为15h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-6。
实施例7
1)将7.51g的1,3-二(3-羟基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入8.6g对甲基磺酰氯和0.73g4-二甲氨基吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加30.3g三乙胺,反应2h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双对甲基磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的1.36g双对甲基磺酰氯封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和18.78g硅氧烷环体D4加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌18min,然后缓慢加入0.27g浓硫酸,维持反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双三氯甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的6.04g双对甲基磺酰氯封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入0.13g叠氮化钠,然后升温至100℃,反应时间为15h。粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-7。
聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷实施例
实施例1
(1)将17.88g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-1、2.09g端炔基 聚醚多元醇A(II)-1、89.87g甲苯溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60℃的温度下加入0.2g催化剂溴化亚铜和0.0014mol配体N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60℃的温度下反应0.5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B1。
实施例2
(1)将16.14g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-2、0.49g端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)-2、83.15g甲苯溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在80℃的温度下加入0.017g催化剂溴化亚铜和0.00036mol配体N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在80℃的温度下反应1.5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B2。
实施例3
(1)将268.92g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-3、4.09g端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)-3、2457.09g溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在120℃的温度下加入13.66g催化剂溴化亚铜和0.954mol配体N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在120℃的温度下反应5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机 硅氧烷B3。
实施例4
(1)将114.38g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-4、0.49g端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)-4、918.96g吡啶溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在70℃的温度下加入4.59g催化剂CuI和0.2169mol配体1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在70℃的温度下反应2.5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B4。
实施例5
(1)将27.76g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-5、4.09g端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)-5、222.95g甲苯溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在90℃的温度下加入0.96g催化剂CuSO 4和0.03mol配体N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在90℃的温度下反应2h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B5。
实施例6
(1)将26.82g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-6、4.09g端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)-6、247.28g吡啶溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在70℃的温度下加入0.93g催化剂CuI和 0.0392mol配体1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在70℃的温度下反应2.5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B6。
实施例7
(1)将29.66g端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)-7、2.09g端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)-1、222.25g四氢呋喃溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在90℃的温度下加入1.28g催化剂CuSO 4和0.04mol配体N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在90℃的温度下反应2h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B7。
对比例1
参考专利CN104130879A中的制备方法制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B6(含氢聚有机硅氧烷、不饱和聚醚和α-烯烃反应得到的改性聚有机硅氧烷)
对比例2
参考专利CN104130879A中的制备方法制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B7(含氢聚有机硅氧烷、不饱和聚醚和双乙烯基封端聚有机硅氧烷反应得到的改性聚有机硅氧烷)
对比例3
参考专利CN101298027A中的制备方法制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B8(高粘度含氢硅油和不饱和聚醚反应得到)
有机硅乳液实施例的制备
使用聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷实施例1—实施例7、对比例1—对比例3来制备乳液,制备方法如下:
(1)参考专利CN104784980B中实施例1的方法制备消泡组合物;
(2)室温下,将30份消泡组合物、12份油酸聚氧乙烯(20)醚、18份聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷在搅拌下充分混合20min,完成后将上述体系的温度升高至80℃,然后保持体系温度,缓慢地加入40份水,提高搅拌速度使其由油包水型乳液变为水包油乳液,继续加20份水至乳液质量浓度为50%,将粗乳液通过胶体磨进一步乳化,最后用聚丙烯酸增稠剂水溶液稀释到固含量为10%的乳液S1-S10。
有机硅乳液稳定性的测试
运用Formulaction/Turbiscan Tower/多重光散射稳定性分析仪测试样品的稳定性,测试温度为40℃、样品用量为20g,测试结果中TSI指数越小,则样品稳定性越好。
样品名称 TSI指数
S1 0.5
S2 0.6
S3 0.4
S4 0.5
S5 0.6
S6 0.5
S7 0.5
S8 2.7
S9 3.0
S10 4.3
消抑泡性能的测试
将有机硅乳液以0.5%的添加量添加到液体洗衣液中,王西门子滚筒洗衣机里加入50.1g混有消泡剂组合物的洗涤剂和10Kg水,测试程序为牛仔程序,总机洗时间为35min,机洗温度为30℃。洗衣机的视窗上标有0%-100%度量标示,分别为视窗高的0,25%,50%,75%,100%。“0”为起始,表示无泡沫,“100%”表示充满泡沫。机洗35min时记录泡沫高度。数值越大,表明洗衣机中的泡沫刻度值越高,抑泡性就越差;相同时间内泡沫刻度值越低,说明产品抑泡性能越好。
样品名称 35min时泡沫高度
S1 51
S2 47
S3 48
S4 50
S5 49
S6 50
S7 49
S8 60
S9 63
S10 65

Claims (10)

  1. 一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
    (1)将端叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷A(I)、端炔基聚醚多元醇A(II)、溶剂A(III)加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60~120℃的温度下加入催化剂A(IV)和配体A(V);
    (2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60~120℃的温度下反应0.5-5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;
    (3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷;
    所述端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷、端炔基的聚醚多元醇摩尔比为3:2-6:2;催化剂的质量用量为端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷、端炔基的聚醚多元醇总质量的0.1-5%;配体的摩尔量与催化剂摩尔量的比值为1:1~10:1;溶剂质量与端叠氮基封端的聚有机硅氧烷、端炔基的聚醚多元醇总质量的质量比为4.5:1~9:1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的端叠氮基封端的硅氧烷A(I)的制备方法为1)将双羟基四甲基二硅氧烷溶解在150ml二氯甲烷中,冷却到0℃;继续加入酰氯化合物和吡啶,边搅拌边缓慢滴加有机胺,反应0.5~5.0h;粗产物经盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到双对甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷;2)将1)制备的双酰氯化合物封端的四甲基二硅氧烷和硅氧烷环体加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,在室温下预搅拌 10-20min,然后缓慢加入酸催化剂,维持反应温度为20~120℃,反应时间为1~48h;粗产品经环己烷稀释、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的双酰氯化合物封端的聚有机硅氧烷;3)将2)制备的双酰氯化合物封端的聚有机硅氧烷溶解到20ml四氢呋喃,然后加入10ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下加入叠氮化盐,然后升温至20~120℃,反应时间为1~48h;粗产品经环己烷稀释、萃取、盐水水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩提纯得到精制的叠氮基封端的聚硅氧烷。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的端叠氮基封端的硅氧烷A(I)的制备方法中,步骤(1)中所述的双羟基四甲基二硅氧烷、酰氯化合物、酰氯化合物、有机胺的摩尔比为:1:1~5:0.1~0.5:5.0-15.0;步骤(2)中双对甲基磺酰封端的四甲基二硅氧烷、硅氧烷环体、酸催化剂的摩尔比为:1:10~200:0.5~5.0;步骤(3)中双对甲基磺酰封端的聚有机硅氧烷与叠氮化盐的摩尔比为:1:1.0~4.0。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的端叠氮基封端的硅氧烷A(I)的制备方法中,所述的双羟基四甲基二硅氧烷为1,3-双(4-羟基丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-双(3-羟基异丁基)四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-二(3-羟基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷;所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷;所述的酰氯化合物为对甲基磺酰氯、4-甲苯磺酰氯、氯甲烷磺酰氯、二氯亚砜、三氯甲基磺酰氯;所述的有机胺为甲胺、乙胺、乙二胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、丙胺、异丙胺、尿素、乙 醇胺、1,3-丙二胺、三丙胺、三乙醇胺、丁胺、异丁胺、叔丁胺、己胺、辛胺;所述的硅氧烷环体为六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)、十二甲基环六硅氧烷(D6)中的一种或多种组合物;所述的酸催化剂为浓硫酸、浓硝酸、固体酸等;所述的叠氮化盐为叠氮化钠、叠氮化钾、叠氮化铯、叠氮化铵、叠氮化钙、叠氮化铜。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的端炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)的制备方法为称取一定量的聚醚多元醇加入到干燥的250ml高真空瓶中,量取150ml-200ml干燥后无水四氢呋喃加入到高真空瓶中,在40-60℃条件下将聚醚多元醇溶解;待体系冷却至室温,加入规定量的氢化钠粉末,常温反应搅拌10-15h;反应完成后将规定量的丙炔溴溶液加入反应体系中,反应20-25h后,反应体系中未反应的氢化钠和副产物盐过中性氧化铝柱子除去,得到的溶液旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,残留液多次沉淀在乙醚中,过滤真空干燥得两端为炔基的聚醚多元醇。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的端炔基的聚醚多元醇A(II)的制备方法中,聚醚多元醇为聚乙二醇(分子量为200-2000)、聚丙二醇(分子量为200-2000);氢化钠与聚醚多元醇的摩尔比为1:1-4:1;丙炔溴与聚醚多元醇的摩尔比为1:1-4:1。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂为极性或非极性溶剂。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的溶剂优选极性溶剂,选自四氢呋喃、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶、三乙胺。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为铜系、铁系或铼系催化剂。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的配体为含氮的多齿配体,选自N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺、N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺、四甲基乙二胺。
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