Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F16/12—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
  • C08F16/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
  • C08F16/26—Monomers containing oxygen atoms in addition to the ether oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
  • C08F6/06—Treatment of polymer solutions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
  • B01D61/243—Dialysis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
  • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C43/14—Unsaturated ethers
  • C07C43/17—Unsaturated ethers containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F116/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F116/12—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
  • C08F116/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
  • C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
  • C08F214/26—Tetrafluoroethene
  • C08F214/262—Tetrafluoroethene with fluorinated vinyl ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
  • C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
  • C08F216/1416—Monomers containing oxygen in addition to the ether oxygen, e.g. allyl glycidyl ether
  • C08F216/1425—Monomers containing side chains of polyether groups
  • C08F216/1441—Monomers containing side chains of polypropylene oxide groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
  • C08F6/06—Treatment of polymer solutions
  • C08F6/12—Separation of polymers from solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C09D127/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D129/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
  • B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
  • C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
  • C08F216/1416—Monomers containing oxygen in addition to the ether oxygen, e.g. allyl glycidyl ether

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a method for producing a composition and the composition.
• fluoropolymers having a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group have been attracting attention as materials for electrolyte membranes for fuel cells, chemical sensors, etc., and are being studied.
• Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion, which comprises an acid treatment step of adding an acid to an aqueous dispersion containing a fluoropolymer precursor and performing ultrafiltration.
• the fluoropolymer precursors represent -SO 3 X 1 and / or -COOZ 1 (X 1 represents M 1 1 / L or NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 represents the same or different alkyl group having a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Z 1 represents M 2 1 / L or NR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 and represents R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 represent the same or different alkyl groups having a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• M 1 and M 2 represent the same or different L-valent metal, and the L-valent metal. Is a metal belonging to Group 1, Group 2, Group 4, Group 8, Group 11, Group 12, and Group 13 of the periodic table), and the acid treatment step is the same as -SO 3 X 1. the one that changes the -SO 3 H, and / or a fluoropolymer dispersion production method characterized by the -COOZ 1 is intended to vary the -COOH is described.
• the structural unit N3 is represented by a monomer derived from a monomer copolymerizable with the fluorine-containing monomer of the above formula (5-1)], the structural unit M3 is 55 to 100 mol%, and the structural unit N3 is 0 to 0 to Described is a coating composition for forming an antireflection film for an upper layer of a photoresist containing a fluoropolymer (A1) having a carboxyl group and containing 45
• the present disclosure provides a method for producing a composition capable of efficiently removing low molecular weight substances.
• a composition having a reduced low molecular weight is provided.
• the present disclosure includes step A of performing ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment of a composition containing water and a fluoropolymer, or a combination thereof.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is -COOM,-. SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M or -C (CF 3) 2 OM ( M is, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, good imidazolium be substituted, substituted It is a pyridinium which may have a substituent or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is an H or an organic group), provided that at least one of X, Y and Z contains a fluorine atom.)
• This is a method for producing a composition, which is a polymer containing a structural unit M3 derived from a monomer represented by.
• the structural unit M3 is preferably a structural unit (1A) based on a monomer represented by the following general formula (1A).
• the structural unit M3 is preferably a structural unit (1a) based on the fluoroallyl ether compound represented by the following general formula (1a).
• CX 2 CFCF 2- O- (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n5- CF (CF 3 ) -A (1a) (In the equation, each X is the same and represents F or H. n5 represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10, and A is the same as the above definition.)
• A is preferably ⁇ COOM. It is preferable that M is -H, -Na, -K, -Li or -NH 4 .
• the structural unit M3 is 5 to 100 mol% with respect to the total polymerization unit, and the structural unit N3 derived from a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer represented by the general formula (1).
• the structural unit N3 is preferably a structural unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene.
• the fluoropolymer preferably has a number average molecular weight of the polymer is 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ 75.0 ⁇ 10 4.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms is 50% or more, and the polymer contains an ionic group and has an ion exchange rate of 53 or less. ..
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms is 50% or more.
• the present disclosure also refers to polymers in which water and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms in an amount of 50% or more, and an ionic group is contained and an ion exchange rate is 53 or less.
• a method for producing a composition which comprises the step A1 of performing ultrafiltration, microfiltration, diafiltration, or a combination thereof for the composition to be contained.
• the polymer is preferably a polymer having a number average molecular weight of 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 to 75.0 ⁇ 10 4 .
• the polymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the present disclosure also comprises ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment of compositions containing water and water-soluble polymers in which hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms in an amount of 50% or more.
• it is a method for producing a composition, which comprises a step A2 for carrying out a combination thereof.
• the ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 20 ° C. or higher.
• the ultrafiltration is preferably performed using an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more.
• CX 2 CY (-CZ 2- O-Rf-A) (1)
• X is the same or different, -H or -F
• Y is -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Z is the same or different, -H,-.
• F an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is -COOM,-.
• M is, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, good imidazolium be substituted, substituted It is a pyridinium which may have a substituent or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is an H or an organic group), provided that at least one of X, Y and Z contains a fluorine atom.
• a fluoropolymer which is a polymer containing the structural unit M3 derived from the monomer represented by The composition is characterized in that the content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is 3.5% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond and having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
• the structural unit M3 is preferably a structural unit (1A) based on a monomer represented by the following general formula (1A).
• CH 2 CF (-CF 2- O-Rf-A) (1A) (In the formula, Rf and A are the same as above.)
• the structural unit M3 is preferably a structural unit (1a) based on the fluoroallyl ether compound represented by the following general formula (1a).
• CX 2 CFCF 2- O- (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n5- CF (CF 3 ) -A (1a) (In the equation, each X is the same and represents F or H. n5 represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10, and A is the same as the above definition.)
• A is preferably ⁇ COOM.
• M is -H, -Na, -K, -Li or -NH 4 .
• the structural unit M3 is 5 to 100 mol% with respect to the total polymerization unit, and the structural unit N3 derived from a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer represented by the general formula (1).
• the fluoropolymer preferably has a number average molecular weight of the polymer is 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ 75.0 ⁇ 10 4.
• the fluoropolymer preferably has a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom substituted with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more, contains an ionic group, and has an ion exchange rate of 53 or less.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms is 50% or more.
• the present disclosure also refers to polymers in which water and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms in an amount of 50% or more, and an ionic group is contained and the ion exchange rate is 53 or less.
• the composition is characterized in that the content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is 3.5% or less with respect to the polymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the polymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the polymer.
• the polymer is preferably a polymer having a number average molecular weight of 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 to 75.0 ⁇ 10 4 .
• the polymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the present disclosure also includes water and a water-soluble polymer in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more.
• the composition is characterized in that the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is 3.5% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• CX 2 CY (-CZ 2- O-Rf-A) (1)
• X is the same or different, -H or -F
• Y is -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Z is the same or different, -H,-.
• F an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is -COOM,-.
• a fluoropolymer which is a polymer containing the structural unit M3 derived from the monomer represented by The composition is characterized in that the content of the monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit constituting the fluoropolymer is 2.0% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms is 50% or more, and the polymer contains an ionic group and has an ion exchange rate of 53 or less. ..
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms is 50% or more.
• the present disclosure also refers to polymers in which water and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms in an amount of 50% or more, and an ionic group is contained and the ion exchange rate is 53 or less.
• the composition is characterized in that the content of the monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit constituting the polymer is 2.0% or less with respect to the polymer.
• the polymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the present disclosure also includes water and a water-soluble polymer in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more.
• the composition is characterized in that the content of the monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit constituting the water-soluble polymer is 2.0% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• composition of the present disclosure is preferably a coating agent.
• the production method of the present disclosure can efficiently remove low molecular weight substances in the composition.
• the production method of the present disclosure includes step A of performing ultrafiltration, microfiltration, dialysis membrane treatment, or a combination thereof of a composition containing water and a fluoropolymer, and the fluoropolymer is a general formula ( 1):
• CX 2 CY (-CZ 2- O-Rf-A) (1)
• X is the same or different, -H or -F
• Y is -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Z is the same or different, -H,-.
• F an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is -COOM,-. SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M or -C (CF 3) 2 OM ( M is, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, good imidazolium be substituted, substituted
• M is, a pyridinium which may have a substituent or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is an H or an organic group), provided that at least one of X, Y and Z contains a fluorine atom.
• It is a method for producing a composition (hereinafter, also referred to as "the first production method of the present disclosure”), which is a polymer containing a structural unit M3 derived from a monomer represented by.
• a fluoropolymer composition containing a low molecular weight substance in addition to the fluoropolymer can be obtained.
• ultrafiltration, precision filtration or dialysis membrane treatment is particularly effective for the composition containing the above-mentioned specific fluoropolymer, and a low molecular weight substance (for example, a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less) is particularly effective.
• the composition obtained by the first production method of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution.
• X is ⁇ H or ⁇ F. Both of X may be -F, and at least one may be -H. For example, one may be -F and the other may be -H, or both may be -H.
• Y is an —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
• the alkyl group may be an alkyl group containing no fluorine atom and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
• the fluorine-containing alkyl group is an alkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
• the fluorine-containing alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
• Y, -H, -F or -CF 3 is preferable, and -F is more preferable.
• Z is the same or different, and is an —H, —F, alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group.
• the alkyl group may be an alkyl group containing no fluorine atom and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
• the fluorine-containing alkyl group is an alkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
• the fluorine-containing alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
• -H, -F or -CF 3 is preferable, and -F is more preferable.
• At least one of the above X, Y and Z contains a fluorine atom.
• X may be -H and Y and Z may be -F.
• the Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms is an alkylene group that does not contain a structure in which an oxygen atom is a terminal and contains an ether bond between carbon carbons.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms.
• the number of carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and further preferably 10 or less.
• fluorinated alkylene group -CF 2 -, - CH 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CH 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, - CF (CF 3) - , -CF (CF 3) CF 2 -, - CF (CF 3) CH 2 - and the like.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond preferably has 3 or more carbon atoms.
• the number of carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably 60 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and even more preferably 12 or less.
• Examples of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond include the following formula: (In the formula, Z 1 is F or CF 3 ; Z 2 and Z 3 are H or F, respectively; Z 4 is H, F or CF 3 ; p1 + q1 + r1 is an integer of 1 to 10; s1 is 0 or 1; t1 is 0. It is also preferable that it is a divalent group represented by (an integer of ⁇ 5).
• n is an integer of 1 to 10
• n is an integer of 1 to 10
• M is, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, a substituent It is an imidazolium which may have, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is H or an organic group).
• R 7 an organic group of H or C 1-10 is preferable, an organic group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, and an alkyl group of H or C 1-4 is further preferable.
• the metal atom examples include alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2), and Na, K or Li are preferable.
• M -H, preferably is a metal atom or -NR 7 4, -H, alkali metal (Group 1), alkaline earth metal (Group 2) or -NR 7 4, more preferably, -H, -Na , -K, -Li or -NH 4 are more preferable, -Na, preferably from -K or -NH 4 further particularly preferred -Na or -NH 4, -NH 4 is most preferred.
• -COOM or -SO 3 M is preferable, and -COOM is more preferable.
• CX 2 CFCF 2- O- (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n5- CF (CF 3 ) -A
• each X is the same and represents F or H.
• N5 represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10, and A is the same as the above definition.
• the unit (1a) is exemplified as a suitable one.
• n5 is preferably 0 or an integer of 1 to 5 in that fluoropolymer particles having a small primary particle diameter can be obtained, and more preferably 0, 1 or 2. , 0 or 1, more preferably.
• the above-mentioned A is preferably ⁇ COOM in that appropriate water solubility and surface activity can be obtained, and the above-mentioned M is H or in that the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is improved because it does not easily remain as an impurity. It is preferably NH 4 .
• the structural unit M3 is preferably a structural unit (1A) based on a monomer represented by the following general formula (1A).
• CH 2 CF (-CF 2- O-Rf-A) (1A) (In the formula, Rf and A are the same as above.)
• the monomer represented by the general formula (1A) has the following formula.
• Z 1 is F or CF 3 ;
• Z 2 and Z 3 are H or F, respectively;
• Z 4 is H, F or CF 3 ;
• p1 + q1 + r1 is an integer of 0 to 10;
• s1 is 0 or 1;
• t1 is 0.
• Etc. are preferably mentioned, among them
• examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (1) include a monomer represented by the following formula.
• the structural unit M3 is also preferably a structural unit (1') based on a monomer represented by the following general formula (1').
• CH 2 CFCF 2- ORf 10- COOH (1')
• Rf 10 is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• the Rf 10 is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms is an alkylene group that does not contain a structure in which an oxygen atom is a terminal and contains an ether bond between carbon carbons.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms. Further, 30 or less is preferable, 20 or less is more preferable, and 10 or less is further preferable.
• fluorinated alkylene group -CF 2 -, - CH 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CH 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, - CF (CF 3) - , -CF (CF 3) CF 2 -, - CF (CF 3) CH 2 - and the like.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond preferably has 3 or more carbon atoms.
• the number of carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably 60 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and even more preferably 12 or less.
• Examples of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond include the following formula: (In the formula, Z 1 is F or CF 3 ; Z 2 and Z 3 are H or F, respectively; Z 4 is H, F or CF 3 ; p1 + q1 + r1 is an integer of 1 to 10; s1 is 0 or 1; t1 is 0. It is also preferable that it is a divalent group represented by (an integer of ⁇ 5).
• n is an integer of 1 to 10
• n is an integer of 1 to 10
• the monomer represented by the general formula (1') is represented by the following formula.
• Z 1 is F or CF 3 ;
• Z 2 and Z 3 are H or F, respectively;
• Z 4 is H, F or CF 3 ;
• p1 + q1 + r1 is an integer of 0 to 10;
• s1 is 0 or 1;
• t1 is 0. Examples thereof include integers of to 5, but when Z 3 and Z 4 are both H, p1 + q1 + r1 + s1 is not 0). More specifically
• Etc. are preferably mentioned, among them
• n5 represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10
• the fluoroallyl ether compound represented by is exemplified as a suitable one.
• the above n5 is preferably 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, more preferably 0, 1 or 2, and even more preferably 0 or 1.
• the fluoropolymer may be a homopolymer composed of only the structural unit M3, or is derived from a monomer copolymerizable with the structural unit M3 and the monomer represented by the general formula (1). It may be a copolymer containing the structural unit N3. From the viewpoint of solubility in the polymerization medium, a homopolymer composed of only the structural unit M3 is preferable.
• the structural unit M3 may be the same or different at each appearance, and the fluoropolymer may contain two or more different monomer-derived structural units M3 represented by the general formula (1). Good.
• the structural unit N3 is preferably a structural unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene.
• the structural unit N3 may be the same or different at each appearance, and the fluoropolymer is derived from a monomer copolymerizable with two or more different monomers represented by the general formula (1).
• the structural unit N3 may be included.
• Rf 3 are monomers represented by a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms. ..
• Examples of the other monomer include the formula (n2-1):
• X 9 is H, F or CH 3 ;
• Rf 4 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms). Also mentioned is a monomer.
• e6 is an integer of 1 to 10.
• the content of the structural unit M3 of the fluoropolymer is preferably 1.0 mol% or more, more preferably 3.0 mol% or more, still more preferably 5.0 mol% or more, and 10 mol% or more, based on the total polymerization units.
• the above is even more preferable, 20 mol% or more is particularly preferable, and 30 mol% or more is particularly preferable. More preferably, it is 40 mol% or more, further preferably 60 mol% or more, even more preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly preferably 90 mol% or more, substantially 100 mol. % Is particularly preferable, and it is most preferably composed of only the structural unit M3.
• the content of the structural unit N3 is preferably 99.0 mol% or less, more preferably 97.0 mol% or less, further preferably 95.0 mol% or less, and 90 mol, based on the total polymerization units.
• % Or less is even more preferable, 80 mol% or less is particularly preferable, and 70 mol% or less is particularly preferable. More preferably, it is 60 mol% or less, further preferably 40 mol% or less, even more preferably 20 mol% or less, particularly preferably 10 mol% or less, and substantially 0 mol% is particularly important. It is particularly preferable that the structural unit N3 is not contained.
• the content of the structural unit derived from the fluoroallyl ether compound represented by the formula (1a) is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and more preferably 30 mol% with respect to the total polymerization units.
• the above is even more preferable, 40 mol% or more is even more preferable, 60 mol% or more is particularly preferable, 80 mol% or more is particularly preferable, 90 mol% or more is particularly preferable, and substantially 100 mol% is particularly preferable. preferable.
• the content of the structural unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene is preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, further preferably 70 mol% or less, and further preferably 60 mol% with respect to the total polymerization units.
• the following is even more preferable, 40 mol% or less is particularly preferable, 20 mol% or less is particularly more preferable, 10 mol% or less is particularly preferable, and substantially 0 mol% is particularly preferable.
• the number average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is preferably from 0.1 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more is 0.4 ⁇ 10 4 or more by preferably, preferably in especially it is 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferably especially is 3.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, 3.1 ⁇ 10 4 or more is most preferred. Further, preferably 75.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 50.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 40.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, preferably in especially is 30.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, 20.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less is particularly preferred.
• the number average molecular weight is too low, the dispersibility (property to stably disperse other components) is lowered, and there is a possibility that the product cannot be used as a dispersant. If the number average molecular weight is too high, the viscosity becomes high and handling may become complicated.
• the weight average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is preferably from 0.2 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.4 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more is 0.8 ⁇ 10 4 or more the preferred, particularly preferred 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferably more is 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more particularly preferably 10.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, preferably in especially is 15.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferred especially is 20.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, and most preferably 25.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more. Further, preferably 150.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 100.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 60.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, particularly preferably 50.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, 40.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less is particularly preferable.
• the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight are values for which the molecular weight is calculated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using monodisperse polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) manufactured by Tosoh and Agent as standards. If measurement by GPC is not possible, the number average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer can be obtained from the correlation between the number average molecular weight calculated from the number of terminal groups obtained by NMR, FT-IR, etc. and the melt flow rate. it can. The melt flow rate can be measured in accordance with JIS K 7210.
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms is preferably 50% or more.
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms is the number of fluorine atoms relative to the total number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms and halogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms (including fluorine atoms). It is calculated as a ratio.
• the ratio of the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom replaced with the fluorine atom in the above fluoropolymer is not particularly limited, but is more preferably 80% or more, further preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 95% or more, most preferably. Is 100%.
• the fluoropolymer preferably contains an ionic group.
• the fluoropolymer preferably has an ion exchange rate (IXR) of 53 or less.
• the IXR is defined as the number of carbon atoms in the polymer backbone with respect to the ionic group.
• Precursor groups that become ionic by hydrolysis eg, -SO 2 F
• the IXR is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1 or more, further preferably 3 or more, further preferably 4 or more, particularly preferably 5 or more, and particularly preferably 8 or more.
• the IXR is preferably 43 or less, more preferably 33 or less, and even more preferably 23 or less.
• the ionic groups are typically distributed along the polymer backbone.
• the fluoropolymer preferably contains a polymer backbone along with a repeating side chain attached to the backbone, which side chain has an ionic group.
• the fluoropolymer preferably contains an ionic group having a pKa of less than 10, more preferably less than 7.
• the ionic group of the fluoropolymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphonates, and phosphates.
• the term "sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphonate, and phosphate" is intended to refer to the respective salts, or the respective acids that can form the salts.
• the salt is preferably an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt.
• a preferred ionic group is a sulfonate group.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• Water soluble means the property of being easily dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium.
• the particle size of a water-soluble polymer cannot be measured by, for example, dynamic light scattering (DLS).
• DLS dynamic light scattering
• the particle size of the water-insoluble polymer can be measured by, for example, a dynamic light scattering method (DLS).
• the fluoropolymer can be produced by a conventionally known method except that the above-mentioned monomer is used.
• the concentration of the fluoropolymer is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 0.1 to 20% by mass.
• the concentration of the fluoropolymer in the composition is preferably 18.0% by mass or less because the removal efficiency of the low molecular weight substance becomes more efficient. It is more preferably 15.0% by mass or less, further preferably 12.0% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10.0% by mass or less.
• the concentration of the fluoropolymer is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, further preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 1.5% by mass or more.
• the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer may contain one single fluoropolymer, or may contain two or more different fluoropolymers.
• the pH of the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer is preferably 0 to 11, more preferably 0.5 to 8.0.
• the pH can be adjusted with a pH adjuster.
• the pH adjuster may be an acid or an alkali, and examples thereof include phosphate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia and the like. It is also preferable that the first production method of the present disclosure includes a step of adjusting the pH of the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer to 1.0 to 7.0 before the step A.
• the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer may be obtained, for example, by polymerizing a monomer represented by the general formula (1).
• One of the preferred embodiments of the first production method of the present disclosure is to include a step of polymerizing the monomer represented by the general formula (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as “polymerization step”).
• the polymerization step is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium. That is, the first production method of the present disclosure includes a step of obtaining a composition containing water and a fluoropolymer by polymerizing the monomer represented by the general formula (1) in an aqueous medium. It is also preferable.
• the polymerization step is not limited as long as a composition containing water and a fluoropolymer can be obtained, and a known method can be adopted.
• the composition containing water and the above-mentioned fluoropolymer may be a polymerized composition obtained by polymerization, or may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by polymerization. Alternatively, it may be subjected to dispersion stabilization processing or the like. In order to facilitate ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment, it is also preferable to adjust the viscosity of the composition containing the fluoropolymer by these treatments.
• the viscosity of the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer used in the step A is preferably 25 mPa ⁇ s or less because ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment proceeds smoothly.
• the viscosity of the composition can be adjusted by, for example, a method of adjusting the number average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer, a method of adjusting the concentration of the fluoropolymer in the composition, a method of adjusting the temperature of the composition, and the like.
• low molecular weight substances can be removed by subjecting a composition containing water and a fluoropolymer to a treatment such as ultrafiltration.
• the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer used in the step A may contain a low molecular weight substance, for example, the content of the low molecular weight substance is preferably 5.0% with respect to the fluoropolymer. It is super, more preferably 5.5% or more, still more preferably 6.0% or more, or more than 2.0%.
• Examples of the low molecular weight dimer include a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, a compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less, a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10000, a monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit M3, and a polymer described later. Examples thereof include monomeric dimers and trimmers forming structural units constituting ⁇ , and monomeric dimers and trimmers forming structural units constituting water-soluble polymers, which will be described later.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC and / or a value calculated by measurement by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS).
• the ultrafiltration or microfiltration is not limited to the cross-flow method or the dead-end method, but the cross-flow method is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing clogging of the membrane.
• the ultrafiltration can be performed using an ultrafiltration membrane.
• the ultrafiltration can be performed using, for example, an ultrafiltration device having an ultrafiltration membrane, and a centrifugal ultrafiltration method, a batch type ultrafiltration method, a circulation type ultrafiltration method, or the like can be adopted.
• the molecular weight cut-off of the ultrafiltration membrane is usually about 0.1 ⁇ 10 4 to 30 ⁇ 10 4 Da.
• the lower limit of the molecular weight cutoff of the ultrafiltration membrane suppresses clogging of the membrane, because it can efficiently reduce the low molecular weight material, in order of preference, 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 3.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, 8 It is 0.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more.
• the fractionated molecular weight is preferably 20 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less, from the viewpoint of reducing the low molecular weight body.
• the fractional molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane can be, for example, a molecular weight that can prevent 90% by passing polystyrene having a known weight average molecular weight through the membrane. Quantification of polystyrene can be performed using gel permeation chromatography.
• a compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less in order to efficiently remove a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, a compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less, a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10000 from a composition containing a fluoropolymer, a composition containing a fluoropolymer It is preferable to carry out ultrafiltration.
• the fractional molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane used at this time is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, and preferably 20.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more. It is Da or less, more preferably 10.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less.
• Examples of the shape of the ultrafiltration membrane include, but are not limited to, conventionally known ones, and examples thereof include a hollow fiber type, a flat membrane type, a spiral type, and a tubular type. From the viewpoint of preventing clogging, the hollow fiber type is preferable.
• the inner diameter of the hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane is not limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 2 mm. It is preferably 0.8 to 1.4 mm.
• the length of the hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane is not limited, but may be, for example, 0.05 to 3 m. It is preferably 0.05 to 2 m.
• the material of the extrafiltration membrane is not particularly limited, but is cellulose, cellulose ester, polysulfone, sulfonated polysulfone, polyethersulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, chlorinated polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyvinyl alcohol. , Polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylicnitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene and other organic materials, metals such as stainless steel, and inorganic materials such as ceramics.
• the material of the ultrafiltration membrane is preferably an organic material, more preferably chlorinated polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylonitrile, polysulfone, or polyethersulfone, and polypolysulfone. Acrylonitrile or polyvinylidene fluoride is more preferred.
• ultrafiltration membrane DESAL's G-5 type, G-10 type, G-20 type, G-50 type, PW type, HWS UF type; KOCH's HFM-180, HFM- 183, HFM-251, HFM-300, HFM-116, HFM-183, HFM-300, HFK-131, HFK-328, MPT-U20, MPS-U20P, MPS-U20S; Synder's SPE1, SPE3, SPE5 , SPE10, SPE30, SPV5, SPV50, SOW30; Microza (registered trademark) UF series manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation; NTR7410 manufactured by Nitto Denko KK, etc.
• KOCH's HFM-180, HFM- 183, HFM-251, HFM-300, HFM-116, HFM-183, HFM-300, HFK-131, HFK-328, MPT-U20, MPS-U20P, MPS-U20S Synder'
• the ultrafiltration is preferably performed at a pressure of 0.01 MPa or more from the viewpoint of reducing low molecular weight substances. More preferably, it is 0.03 MPa or more, and even more preferably 0.05 MPa or more. From the viewpoint of pressure resistance, the pressure is preferably 0.5 MPa or less, more preferably 0.25 MPa or less, and even more preferably 0.2 MPa or less.
• the ultrafiltration is preferably performed at a flow rate of 10 mL / min or more, more preferably at a flow rate of 50 mL / min or more, and at a flow rate of 5000 mL / min or less. Is preferable, and the flow rate is more preferably 1000 mL / min or less.
• the microfiltration can be performed using a microfiltration membrane.
• Microfiltration membranes typically have an average pore diameter of 0.05-1.0 ⁇ m. Since the microfiltration membrane can efficiently reduce low molecular weight substances, it is preferable that the average pore diameter is 0.1 ⁇ m or more. It is more preferably 0.075 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the average pore diameter is 1.00 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, the average pore diameter is 0.50 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.25 ⁇ m or less.
• the average pore diameter of the microfiltration membrane can be measured according to ASTM F 316-03 (bubble point method).
• the shape of the microfiltration membrane is not limited to those conventionally known, and examples thereof include a hollow fiber type, a flat membrane type, a spiral type, and a tubular type. From the viewpoint of preventing clogging, the hollow fiber type is preferable.
• the inner diameter of the hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane is not limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 2 mm. It is preferably 0.8 to 1.4 mm.
• the length of the hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane is not limited, but may be, for example, 0.05 to 3 m. It is preferably 0.05 to 2 m.
• Examples of the material of the precision filter membrane include cellulose-based, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, ceramics, and metal. Be done. Among them, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polycarbonate, or polytetrafluoroethylene are preferable, and polyvinylidene nitrile or polyvinylidene fluoride is particularly preferable.
• NGK Insulator's Cefil Asahi Kasei's Microza U series, Microza P series; Sumitomo Electric's Poaflon SPMW, Poaflon OPMW, Poaflon PM; Toray's Trefil; Micro Examples thereof include NADIR MP005 and NADIR MV020 manufactured by Dyne Nadia; and X-flow manufactured by Norit.
• the microfiltration is preferably performed at a pressure of 0.01 MPa or more from the viewpoint of reducing low molecular weight substances. More preferably, it is 0.03 MPa or more, and even more preferably 0.05 MPa or more. From the viewpoint of pressure resistance, the pressure is preferably 0.5 MPa or less, more preferably 0.25 MPa or less, and even more preferably 0.2 MPa or less.
• the microfiltration is preferably performed at a flow rate of 10 mL / min or more, more preferably at a flow rate of 50 mL / min or more, and at a flow rate of 5000 mL / min or less. It is preferably carried out at a flow rate of 1000 mL / min or less.
• the dialysis membrane treatment is performed using a dialysis membrane.
• the dialysis membrane usually has a molecular weight cut-off of 0.05 ⁇ 10 4 to 100 ⁇ 10 4 Da.
• the dialysis membrane suppresses clogging of the membrane, because it can efficiently colored reduced, it is preferable fractional molecular weight of 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more.
• the molecular weight cut-off is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, further preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, even more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, and 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more.
• the above is particularly preferable, 3.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more is particularly preferable, and 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more is most preferable.
• the molecular weight cut-off may be 8.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more.
• the molecular weight cut-off is preferably 20 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less, from the viewpoint of reducing coloration.
• the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis membrane can be measured, for example, by the same method as that of the ultrafiltration membrane.
• a monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit M3, a monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit constituting the polymer ⁇ described later, and a structural unit constituting the water-soluble polymer described later are formed.
• a dialysis membrane treatment on the composition containing the fluoropolymer.
• the fractional molecular weight of the dialysis membrane used at this time is preferably 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more, and preferably 8.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less. It is more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Da or less.
• the material of the dialysis membrane is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyethylene, cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polysulfone, polyamide, and polyester polymer alloy.
• dialysis membrane examples include Spectra / Por (registered trademark) Float-A-Lyzer, Tube-A-Lyzer, Dialysis tubing, 6Dialysis tubing, and 7Dialysis tubing manufactured by Spectrum Laboratories.
• the ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is 15 ° C. or higher, further preferably 20 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 30 ° C. or higher. By setting the temperature in the above range, the low molecular weight substance can be reduced more efficiently.
• the temperature is preferably 90 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, further preferably 70 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
• the step A may include adding water to the composition containing water and the fluoropolymer, and the water may be added stepwise or continuously. Good. Further, a step of adding a pH adjuster to the composition containing water and the above-mentioned fluoropolymer may be included.
• ultrafiltration or microfiltration is preferable, and ultrafiltration is more preferable.
• the end point of the ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment may be appropriately determined and is not limited.
• backwashing with water may be performed about once for about 1 to 24 hours during the filtration step.
• the first production method of the present disclosure it is possible to obtain a composition containing the above-mentioned fluoropolymer and having a reduced content of low molecular weight substances.
• the present disclosure also discloses a polymer in which water and a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom are replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more, and an ionic group is contained, and an ion exchange rate is 53 or less.
• a method for producing a composition which comprises the step A1 of performing ultrafiltration, microfiltration, diafiltration, or a combination thereof for a composition containing (hereinafter, also referred to as “polymer ⁇ ”). Also referred to as “the second manufacturing method of the present disclosure”).
• the composition obtained by the second production method of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution.
• the ratio of the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom replaced with the fluorine atom is 50% or more, the ionic group is contained, and the ion exchange rate is 53. All of the same methods as those of the first production method of the present disclosure can be adopted except that the composition containing the polymer ⁇ described below is used.
• the "ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced by fluorine atoms" is the number of fluorine atoms relative to the total number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms and halogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms (including fluorine atoms). It is calculated as a ratio of numbers.
• the polymer ⁇ is not particularly limited, and the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms in the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is 50% or more, and an ionic group (anionic group) is used.
• a polymer containing the above-mentioned and having an ion exchange rate of 53 or less can be used, and the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms other than the above-mentioned fluoropolymer replaced with fluorine atoms is 50% or more, and A polymer containing an ionic group (anionic group) and having an ion exchange rate of 53 or less can also be used.
• Examples of the polymer ⁇ include a polymer containing a structural unit (I) based on a monomer represented by the general formula (I).
• the polymer ⁇ preferably contains two or more structural units (I).
• CX 1 X 3 CX 2 R-CZ 1 Z 2- A 0 (I)
• X 1 and X 3 are independently F, Cl, H or CF 3 , respectively;
• X 2 is an H, F, alkyl group or fluorine-containing alkyl group;
• a 0 is an anion. It is a sex group;
• R is a linking group;
• Z 1 and Z 2 are independently H, F, alkyl groups or fluorine-containing alkyl groups).
• As X 2 , F, Cl, H or CF 3 is preferable.
• Z 1 and Z 2 F or CF 3 is preferable, and one is F and the other is CF 3 .
• the anionic groups, sulfate groups, carboxylate groups, phosphate groups, phosphonate groups, sulfonate groups, or,, -C (CF 3) in 2 OM (wherein, M represents, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, Imidazolium which may have a substituent, pyridinium which may have a substituent or phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is H or an organic group) is preferable. ..
• the polymer ⁇ may contain only the structural unit (I) based on one kind of monomer represented by the general formula (I), or two or more kinds represented by the general formula (I). It may contain the structural unit (I) based on the monomer of.
• R is a linking group.
• linking group refers to a divalent linking group.
• the linking group may be a single bond and preferably contains at least one carbon atom, and the number of carbon atoms may be 2 or more, 4 or more, or 8 or more. It may be 10 or more, and may be 20 or more. The upper limit is not limited, but may be 100 or less, and may be 50 or less, for example.
• the linking group may be chain or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and optionally one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It may contain a heteroatom and optionally contain one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, sulfonamides, carbonyls, carbonates, urethanes, ureas and carbamate.
• the linking group does not contain a carbon atom and may be a catenary heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
• R is preferably, for example, a catenary heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, or a divalent organic group.
• R When R is a divalent organic group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be replaced with a halogen other than fluorine, for example, chlorine, and may or may not contain a double bond. Further, R may be either chain-shaped or branched-chain-shaped, and may be either cyclic or acyclic. Further, R may contain a functional group (for example, ester, ether, ketone, amine, halide, etc.).
• R may also be a non-fluorinated divalent organic group or a partially fluorinated or perfluorinated divalent organic group.
• R for example, a hydrocarbon group in which a fluorine atom is not bonded to a carbon atom, a hydrocarbon group in which a part of hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom. All of may be hydrocarbon groups substituted with fluorine atoms, which may contain oxygen atoms, double bonds, or functional groups.
• R is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms which may contain an ether bond, and the hydrocarbon group has some or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms substituted with fluorine. You may.
• R preferably- (CH 2 ) a -,-(CF 2 ) a- , -O- (CF 2 ) a -,-(CF 2 ) a- O- (CF 2 ) b-, -O ( CF 2 ) a- O- (CF 2 ) b -,-(CF 2 ) a- [O- (CF 2 ) b ] c- , -O (CF 2 ) a- [O- (CF 2 ) b ] c -,-[(CF 2 ) a- O] b -[(CF 2 ) c- O] d- , -O [(CF 2 ) a- O] b -[(CF 2 ) c- O] d- , -O [(CF 2 ) a- O] b -[(CF 2 ) c- O] d -, -O [CF 2 ) a- O] b -
• a, b, c and d are independently at least one or more.
• a, b, c and d may be independently 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 10 or more, and 20 or more.
• the upper limit of a, b, c and d is, for example, 100.
• the general formula (r1) -CF 2 -O- (CX 6 2) e - ⁇ O-CF (CF 3) ⁇ f - (O) g - (r1)
• X 6 is H, F or CF 3 , respectively, e is an integer of 0 to 3, f is an integer of 0 to 3, and g is 0 or 1).
• a divalent group is preferred, and the general formula (r2): -CF 2- O- (CX 7 2 ) e- (O) g- (r2)
• a divalent group represented by in the formula, X 7 is independently H, F or CF 3 , e is an integer of 0 to 3, and g is 0 or 1) is more preferred.
• R represents may contain an oxygen atom, a perfluoroalkylene group is preferred, and specifically, -CF 2 -O -, - CF 2 -O-CF 2 -, - CF 2 -O-CF 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 -O -CF (CF 3) -, - CF 2 -O-CF (CF 3) CF 2 -, or, -CF 2 -O-CF (CF 3) CF 2 -O- Is preferable.
• the general formula (I) -R-CZ 1 Z 2- the general formula (s1): -CF 2 -O- (CX 6 2) e - ⁇ O-CF (CF 3) ⁇ f - (O) g -CZ 1 Z 2 - (s1)
• X 6 are independently H, F or CF 3
• e is an integer of 0 to 3
• f is an integer of 0 to 3
• g is 0 or 1
• Z 1 And Z 2 are each independently represented by H, F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group)
• Z 1 and Z 2 are F or CF 3. More preferably, one is F and the other is CF 3 .
• -R-CZ 1 Z 2 - as the general formula (s2): -CF 2- O- (CX 7 2 ) e- (O) g -CZ 1 Z 2- (s2)
• X 7 is independently H, F or CF 3
• e is an integer from 0 to 3
• g is 0 or 1
• Z 1 and Z 2 are independent, respectively. It is preferably represented by H, F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group)
• Z 1 and Z 2 are more preferably F or CF 3 , one is F and the other is CF. It is more preferably 3 .
• the polymer ⁇ is highly fluorinated.
• Polymers except for anionic groups (A 0 ) such as, for example, phosphate group moieties (eg, CH 2 OP (O) (OM) 2 ) and sulfate group moieties (eg, CH 2 OS (O) 2 OM).
• a 0 anionic groups
• phosphate group moieties eg, CH 2 OP (O) (OM) 2
• sulfate group moieties eg, CH 2 OS (O) 2 OM
• 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, or 100% of the CH bond in ⁇ is substituted with the CF bond.
• the ratio of the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom replaced with the fluorine atom in the polymer ⁇ is 50% or more, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95. % Or more, particularly preferably 100%.
• the polymer ⁇ has a CF bond and does not have a CH bond, except for the anionic group (A 0 ). That is, in the general formula (I), all of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are F, and R is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and the perfluoroalkylene group is It may be chained or branched chained, cyclic or acyclic, and may contain at least one catenary heteroatom. The number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkylene group may be 2 to 20, and may be 4 to 18.
• the polymer ⁇ may be partially fluorinated. That is, it is also preferable that the polymer ⁇ has at least one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom and at least one fluorine atom bonded to a carbon atom, except for the anionic group (A 0 ).
• the anionic group (A 0 ) is -SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M, -COOM, -SO 2 NR'CH 2 COOM, -CH 2 OP (O) (OM) 2 , [-CH 2 O] 2.
• M is, H, a metal atom, NR 7 4, which may imidazolium substituted, a good phosphonium also have a pyridinium which may have a substituent or substituents, R 7 Is an H or an organic group.
• Examples of the metal atom include alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2), and Na, K or Li are preferable.
• the M, -H preferably a metal atom or NR 7 4, -H, alkali metal (Group 1), alkaline earth metal (Group 2) or NR 7 4, more preferably, -H, -Na, -K , more preferably -Li or NH 4, -Na, preferably from -K or NH 4 further particularly preferred -Na, or NH 4, -NH 4 is most preferred.
• each structural unit (I) may have a different anionic group or may have the same anionic group.
• the polymer ⁇ is also preferably a polymer containing a structural unit (Ia) based on the monomer represented by the general formula (Ia).
• CF 2 CF-O-Rf 0- A 0 (Ia)
• a 0 is an anionic group and Rf 0 is hyperfluorinated, even if it is chain or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted.
• Rf 0 is hyperfluorinated, even if it is chain or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted.
• it is a perfluorinated divalent linking group that optionally additionally contains one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• the polymer ⁇ is also preferably a polymer containing a structural unit (Ib) based on the monomer represented by the general formula (Ib).
• CH 2 CH-O-Rf 0- A 0 (Ib) (In the formula, A 0 is an anionic group and Rf 0 is a perfluorinated divalent linking group as defined by formula Ia.)
• the polymer ⁇ is also preferably a polymer containing a structural unit (Ic) based on the monomer represented by the general formula (Ic).
• CH 2 CF-O-Rf 0- A 0 (Ic) (In the formula, A 0 is an anionic group and Rf 0 is a perfluorinated divalent linking group as defined by formula Ia.)
• a 0 is one of the preferred forms being a sulfate group.
• a 0 is, for example, -CH 2 OSO 3 M, -CH 2 CH 2 OSO 3 M, or -SO 2 NR'CH 2 CH 2 OSO 3 M, in which R'is H or the number of carbon atoms. It is an alkyl group of 1 to 4, and M is the same as above.
• a 0 is a sulfonate group.
• a 0 is, for example, -SO 3 M, and in the formula, M is the same as above.
• M is the same as above.
• a 0 is a carboxylate group.
• a 0 is, for example, COOM or SO 2 NR'CH 2 COOM, in which R'is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and M is the same as above.
• a 0 is a phosphate group.
• a 0 for example, -CH 2 OP (O) (OM) 2 , [-CH 2 O] 2 P (O) (OM), -CH 2 CH 2 OP (O) (OM) 2 , [-CH 2 O CH 2 CH 2 O] 2 P (O) (OM), [-SO 2 NR'CH 2 CH 2 O] 2 P (O) (OM) or SO 2 NR'CH 2 CH 2 OP (O) (OM) ) 2
• R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• M is the same as above.
• a 0 is also one of preferred embodiments it is a phosphonate group.
• CF 2 CF (OCF 2 CF 2 P (O) (OM) 2 )
• CF 2 CF (O (O (O))
• M is, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, good imidazolium be substituted, substituted It is a pyridinium which may have a substituent or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is an H or an organic group), provided that at least one of X, Y and Z contains a fluorine atom).
• Examples thereof include polymers containing the structural unit M3 derived from the above-mentioned monomers.
• the structural unit M3 contained in the polymer ⁇ is the same as the structural unit M3 contained in the fluoropolymer described above, and the preferred configuration is also the same.
• the polymer ⁇ is also preferably a polymer containing the structural unit (2) based on the monomer represented by the general formula (2).
• CX 2 CY (-O-Rf-A) (2)
• X is the same or different, —H or F
• Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
• it is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is the same as described above.
• X is ⁇ H or F. Both of X may be -F, and at least one may be -H. For example, one may be -F and the other may be -H, or both may be -H.
• Y is an —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
• the alkyl group is an alkyl group that does not contain a fluorine atom and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
• the fluorine-containing alkyl group is an alkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
• the fluorine-containing alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
• Y, -H, -F or CF 3 is preferable, and -F is more preferable.
• X and Y contains a fluorine atom.
• X may be -H and Y and Z may be -F.
• the Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms is an alkylene group that does not contain a structure in which an oxygen atom is a terminal and contains an ether bond between carbon carbons.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group of Rf preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms. Further, 30 or less is preferable, 20 or less is more preferable, and 10 or less is further preferable. Examples of the fluorine-containing alkylene group, -CF 2 -, - CH 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CH 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, - CF (CF 3) -, -CF (CF 3) CF 2 - , - CF (CF 3) CH 2 - and the like.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
• the monomer represented by the general formula (2) is at least selected from the group consisting of the monomers represented by the general formulas (2a), (2b), (2c), (2d) and (2e).
• One type is preferable.
• CF 2 CF-O- (CF 2 ) n1- A (2a) (In the formula, n1 represents an integer from 1 to 10, and A is the same as above.)
• CF 2 CF-O- (CF 2 C (CF 3 ) F) n2- A (2b) (In the formula, n2 represents an integer of 1 to 5, and A is the same as the above definition.)
• CF 2 CF-O- (CFX 1 ) n3- A (2c) (In the formula, X 1 represents F or CF 3 , n 3 represents an integer of 1 to 10, and A is the same as the above definition.)
• CF 2 CF-O- (CF 2 CFX 1 O) n4- (CF 2 ) n6- A (2d) (In the formula
• n1 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, and more preferably an integer of 2 or less.
• 2 COMM M is the same as the above definition in the formula).
• n2 is preferably an integer of 3 or less in terms of water solubility.
• n3 is preferably 5 or less integer in terms of water-soluble, the A is preferably -COOM, the M is preferably H or NH 4 ..
• X 1 is preferably ⁇ CF 3 in terms of water solubility
• n4 is preferably an integer of 5 or less in terms of water solubility
• A is ⁇ COMM. It is preferable that M is H or NH 4 .
• n5 is preferably an integer of 5 or less in terms of water-soluble, A is preferably a -COOM, M is preferably H or NH 4.
• the polymer ⁇ is also preferably a polymer containing the structural unit (3) based on the monomer represented by the general formula (3).
• CX 2 CY (-Rf-A) (3)
• X is the same or different, —H or F
• Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
• it is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is the same as described above.
• the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms is an alkylene group that does not contain a structure in which an oxygen atom is a terminal and contains an ether bond between carbon carbons.
• Rf is preferably a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms. In the general formula (3), it is preferable that at least one of X and Y contains a fluorine atom.
• the monomer represented by the above definition, and the general formula (3b): CF 2 CF- (CF 2 C (CF 3 ) F) n2- A (3b) (In the formula, n2 represents an integer of 1 to 5, and A is the same as the above definition.) At least one selected from the group consisting of monomers represented by the above is preferable.
• A is, -SO 3 M or COOM is preferably, M, H, a metal atom, NR 7 4, good imidazolium be substituted, substituted Pyridinium which may have a group or phosphonium which may have a substituent is preferable.
• R 7 represents H or an organic group.
• n1 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, and more preferably an integer of 2 or less.
• A is preferably -COOM, M is preferably H or NH 4.
• n2 is in terms of water-soluble, preferably 3 or less an integer, A is preferably a -COOM, M is preferably H or NH 4.
• the polymer ⁇ at least one selected from the group consisting of a polymer containing the structural unit M3, a polymer containing the structural unit (2), and a polymer containing the structural unit (3) is preferable, and the structure is preferable.
• a polymer containing the unit M3 is more preferable.
• a polymer ⁇ containing a structural unit (II) based on a monomer represented by the general formula (II) can also be mentioned.
• the polymer ⁇ preferably contains two or more structural units (II).
• CX 1 X 3 CX 2 R II (-CZ 1 Z 2- A 0 ) nII (II) (In the formula, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , A 0 , Z 1 and Z 2 are the same as the above definitions, R II is a (nII + 1) valence linking group, and n II is an integer of 2 or more)
• nII is an integer of 2 or more, preferably 2.
• Z 1 , Z 2 and A 0 may be the same or different.
• Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (II) include a monomer represented by the general formula (1-II) and a monomer represented by the general formula (2-II).
• CF 2 CF-CF 2- O-Q F1 -CF (-Q F2- CZ 1 Z 2- A) 2 (1-II) (In the formula, Z 1 , Z 2 and A are the same as the above definitions, and Q F1 and Q F 2 are the same or different, and may contain a single bond, an ether bond between carbon carbons, and a fluorine-containing alkylene group or carbon.
• CF 2 CF-O-Q F1 -CF (-Q F2- CZ 1 Z 2- A) 2 (2-II) (In the formula, Z 1 , Z 2 , A, Q F1 and Q F 2 are the same as the above definitions)
• the polymer ⁇ includes trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), vinyl fluoride (VF), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), hexafluoroisobutylene, and the like.
• the polymer ⁇ may also contain structural units based on non-fluorine-containing monomers.
• the non-fluorinated monomer may be a monomer having a radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated bond.
• non-fluorine-containing monomer at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, unsaturated carboxylic acids, and hydrolyzable silyl group-containing monomers is preferable. Further, as the non-fluorine-containing monomer, it is selected from the group consisting of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester, unsaturated carboxylic acids, and hydrolyzable silyl group-containing monomer. At least one type is more preferable. In addition, a monomer having a radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated bond may be used in combination.
• acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a methacrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
• acrylic acid alkyl esters and methacrylate alkyl esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate and isopropyl.
• acrylic acid alkyl esters such as methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate.
• the above-mentioned acrylic acid alkyl ester or methacrylic acid alkyl ester includes 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid.
• It may be a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic monomer having a hydroxyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group in a molecule such as 4-hydroxybutyl acid.
• acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and are preferably n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
• At least one (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and cyclohexyl methacrylate is preferable. ..
• the acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid ester does not contain a hydrolyzable silyl group.
• acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid ester a combination of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate or a combination of n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate is more preferable, and n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate are used.
• a combination with 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate is particularly preferred.
• unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, 3-allyloxypropionic acid, 3- (2-allyloxyethoxycarbonyl) propionic acid, and itaconic acid.
• unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, 3-allyloxypropionic acid, 3- (2-allyloxyethoxycarbonyl) propionic acid, and itaconic acid.
• itaconic acid monoester maleic acid, maleic acid monoester, maleic acid anhydride, fumaric acid, fumaric acid monoester, vinyl phthalate, vinyl pyromellitic acid, and undecylene acid.
• acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylacetic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic acid monoester because of its low homopolymerizability and difficulty in forming homopolymers and easy control of the introduction of carboxyl groups.
• At least one selected from the group consisting of fumaric acid, fumaric acid monoester, 3-allyloxypropionic acid, and undecyleneic acid is preferable.
• CH 2 CHCOO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3
• CH 2 CHCOO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (CH 3 ) (OCH 3 ) 2
• CH 2 CHCOO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 3
• CH 2 CHCOO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (CH 3 ) (OC 2 H 5 ) 2
• CH 2 CHCOO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (CH 3 ) (OC 2 H 5 ) 2
• CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3
• CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (CH 3 ) (OCH 3 ) 2
• CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 3
• CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 3
• CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COO (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OC 2
• hydrolyzable silyl group-containing monomers ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and ⁇ -methacryloxypropyl At least one selected from the group consisting of methyldiethoxysilane is preferable, and ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane is more preferable.
• hydroxyl group-containing alkyl vinyl ethers examples include 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 3-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, and 4-hydroxy-2.
• examples thereof include -methylbutyl vinyl ether, 5-hydroxypentyl vinyl ether, 6-hydroxyhexyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl allyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl allyl ether, and glycerol monoallyl ether.
• At least one selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether and 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether is preferable because of its excellent polymerization reactivity.
• vinyl carboxylates include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl caproate, vinyl versatic acid, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl cyclohexyl carboxylate, and benzoate.
• vinyl acid acid parat-butyl vinyl benzoate and the like.
• ⁇ -olefins examples include ethylene, propylene, n-butene, isobutene and styrene.
• the content of the structural unit (I) is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, further preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and 90% by mass. % Or more is particularly preferable, 95% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 99% by mass or more is most preferable.
• the content of the structural unit M3 is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, further preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and 90% by mass.
• the above is particularly preferable, 95% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 99% by mass or more is most preferable.
• the total content of the structural unit based on the fluorine-containing monomer and the structural unit based on the non-fluorine-containing monomer is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass or less. , 20% by mass or less is even more preferable, 10% by mass or less is particularly preferable, 5% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 1% by mass or less is most preferable.
• the number average molecular weight of the polymer ⁇ is preferably is 0.1 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 or more, 0.4 ⁇ 10 4 or more Even more preferably, preferably in especially it is 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferably especially is 3.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, 3.1 ⁇ 10 4 or more is most preferred. Further, preferably 75.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 50.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 40.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, preferably in especially is 30.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, 20.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less is particularly preferred. If the number average molecular weight is too low, the dispersibility is lowered and it may not be possible to use it as a dispersant. If the number average molecular weight is too high, the viscosity becomes high and handling may become complicated.
• the weight average molecular weight of the polymer ⁇ is preferably is 0.2 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.4 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ 10 4 or more, 0.8 ⁇ 10 4 or more Even more preferably, particularly preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, particularly preferably more it is 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, more particularly preferably 10.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, preferably in especially is 15.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more , particularly preferred especially is 20.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, and most preferably 25.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more. Further, preferably 150.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 100.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 60.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, particularly preferably 50.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less, 40.0 ⁇ 10 4 or less is particularly preferable.
• the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight are values for which the molecular weight is calculated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using monodisperse polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) manufactured by Tosoh and Agent as standards. If measurement by GPC is not possible, the number average molecular weight of the polymer ⁇ should be obtained from the correlation between the number average molecular weight calculated from the number of terminal groups obtained by NMR, FT-IR, etc. and the melt flow rate. Can be done. The melt flow rate can be measured in accordance with JIS K 7210.
• the polymer ⁇ is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the polymer ⁇ has an ion exchange rate (IXR) of 53 or less.
• the IXR is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1 or more, further preferably 3 or more, further preferably 4 or more, particularly preferably 5 or more, and particularly preferably 8 or more. Further, the IXR is preferably 43 or less, more preferably 33 or less, and even more preferably 23 or less.
• the ionic groups anionic groups
• the polymer ⁇ contains a polymer main chain together with a repeating side chain bonded to the main chain, and the side chain has an ionic group.
• the polymer ⁇ preferably contains an ionic group (anionic group) having a pKa of less than 10, more preferably less than 7.
• the ionic group of the polymer ⁇ is preferably selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphonates, phosphates, and mixtures thereof.
• the term "sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphonate, and phosphate" is intended to refer to the respective salts, or the respective acids that can form the salts.
• the salt is preferably an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt.
• a preferred ionic group is a sulfonate group.
• the concentration of the polymer ⁇ is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 20% by mass. Since the removal efficiency of the low molecular weight polymer becomes more efficient, the concentration of the polymer ⁇ is preferably 18.0% by mass or less. It is more preferably 15.0% by mass or less, further preferably 12.0% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10.0% by mass or less. By setting the concentration of the polymer ⁇ in the above range, the low molecular weight substance can be removed more efficiently.
• the concentration of the polymer ⁇ is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, further preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 1.5% by mass or more.
• the composition containing the polymer ⁇ may contain one kind of single polymer ⁇ , or may contain two or more different kinds of polymer ⁇ .
• the composition containing the polymer ⁇ preferably has a pH of 0 to 11, more preferably 0.5 to 8.0.
• the pH can be adjusted with a pH adjuster.
• the pH adjuster may be an acid or an alkali, and examples thereof include phosphate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia and the like. It is also preferable that the second production method of the present disclosure includes a step of adjusting the pH of the composition containing the polymer ⁇ to 1.0 to 7.0 before the step A1.
• the composition containing the above-mentioned polymer ⁇ can be obtained by a known polymerization method for obtaining the above-mentioned polymer ⁇ .
• One of the preferred embodiments of the second production method of the present disclosure is to include a step of polymerizing a monomer to obtain a polymer ⁇ .
• the above-mentioned monomer may be appropriately selected from the above-mentioned monomers constituting the polymer ⁇ .
• the step of obtaining the polymer ⁇ is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium. That is, it is also preferable that the second production method of the present disclosure includes a step of obtaining a composition containing the polymer ⁇ by polymerizing the monomer represented by the general formula (I) in an aqueous medium. ..
• the composition containing the polymer ⁇ may be a composition after polymerization obtained by polymerization, or may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained after polymerization obtained by polymerization. It may have been subjected to dispersion stabilization processing or the like. In order to smoothly proceed with ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment, it is also preferable to adjust the viscosity of the composition containing the polymer ⁇ by these treatments.
• the viscosity of the composition containing the polymer ⁇ used in the step A1 is preferably 25 mPa ⁇ s or less because ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment proceeds smoothly.
• the viscosity of the composition can be adjusted by, for example, a method of adjusting the number average molecular weight of the polymer ⁇ , a method of adjusting the concentration of the polymer ⁇ in the composition, a method of adjusting the temperature of the composition, and the like. ..
• the above polymerization usually produces a low molecular weight product as a by-product.
• the low molecular weight substance can be removed by subjecting the composition containing the polymer ⁇ to a treatment such as ultrafiltration.
• the composition containing the polymer ⁇ used in the step A1 may contain a low molecular weight substance, and for example, the content of the low molecular weight substance is preferably more than 5.0% with respect to the polymer ⁇ . , More preferably 5.5% or more, still more preferably 6.0% or more, or more than 2.0%.
• Examples of the low molecular weight dimer include a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, a compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less, a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10000, a monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit M3, and a polymer described later. Examples thereof include monomeric dimers and trimmers forming structural units constituting ⁇ , and monomeric dimers and trimmers forming structural units constituting water-soluble polymers, which will be described later.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC and / or a value calculated by measurement by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS).
• a dimer and trimmer of a monomer represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter, may be referred to as a monomer (I)) are preferable.
• the dimer and trimmer may be a polymer formed from one kind of monomer (I) as the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I), or two or more kinds having different structures. It may be a copolymer formed from the monomer (I) of.
• examples of the dimer and trimmer include the above-mentioned monomeric dimer and trimmer as a monomer forming a suitable structural unit constituting the polymer ⁇ .
• composition containing the polymer ⁇ can be produced, for example, by polymerizing the monomer (I).
• the composition obtained by polymerizing the monomer (I) has a total of 1. as a polymer of the monomer (I), with respect to the mass of the polymer of the monomer (I). Includes over 0% dimers and trimmers.
• the content of the dimer and trimmer in the polymer of the monomer (I) may be, for example, 2.0% or more, or 3.0%, with respect to the polymer of the monomer (I). It may be more than that, 30.0% or less, or 20.0% or less.
• the content of dimer and trimmer in the composition is the ratio of the peak area of dimer and trimmer to the total area of each peak of the chromatogram obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of the composition. It can be specified by calculating (area percentage).
• the polymerization of the monomer (I) produces a dimer and a trimmer of the monomer (I), and as a result, the dimer and the trimmer of the monomer (I) are contained in the polymer ⁇ .
• the mechanism by which the dimer and trimmer of the monomer (I) are generated is not always clear, but in particular, the polymerization reaction in the polymerization system in which the monomer (I) accounts for the majority of the monomers present in the polymerization system. Therefore, it is presumed that the dimerization and trimerization of the monomer (I) occur at a non-negligible frequency.
• the presence of the monomer (I) dimer and trimmer in the polymer ⁇ is clarified for the first time, and the dimer and trimmer of the monomer (I) in the polymer ⁇ are subjected to ultrafiltration, precision filtration and For the first time, it has been found that polymer ⁇ is removed with high efficiency by at least one means selected from the group consisting of diafiltration membrane treatment.
• the unreacted monomer (I) is usually removed from the composition at the same time.
• the content of the dimer and trimmer in the composition obtained by the second production method of the present disclosure is preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, based on the polymer ⁇ . It is more preferably 0.01% or less, particularly preferably 0.001% or less, and most preferably 0.0001% or less.
• the content of dimer and trimmer in the composition is the ratio of the peak area of dimer and trimmer to the total area of each peak of the chromatogram obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of the composition. It can be specified by calculating (area percentage).
• the content of the dimer and trimmer in the composition is less than 0.5% with respect to the polymer ⁇ , it is specified by measurement by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS). be able to. Specifically, a composition having a content of 5 levels or more of the monomer (I) was prepared, LC / MS / MS analysis of each content was performed, and the content and the area area with respect to the content ( The relationship with the integrated value of the peak) is plotted to create a calibration curve of the monomer (I). Further, a calibration curve of the dimer and the trimmer of the monomer (I) is prepared from the calibration curve of the monomer (I).
• LC / MS / MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
• Methanol is added to the polymer ⁇ to prepare a mixture, and the extract (supernatant) is recovered from the mixture by centrifugation, and the obtained extract is analyzed by LC / MS / MS. Then, using the calibration curve, the area area (integral value of peaks) of the chromatogram of the dimer and trimmer of the monomer (I) can be converted into the content of the dimer and the trimmer.
• the present disclosure also includes ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment of compositions containing water and water-soluble polymers in which hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms in an amount of 50% or more.
• the present invention also relates to a method for producing a composition (hereinafter, also referred to as “the third production method of the present disclosure”), which comprises a step A2 for carrying out a combination thereof.
• the composition obtained by the third production method of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution.
• the step A2 uses water and a composition containing a water-soluble polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms is 50% or more. Except for this, all the same methods as the first manufacturing method of the present disclosure can be adopted.
• the ultrafiltration, microfiltration or dialysis membrane treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is 15 ° C. or higher, further preferably 20 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 30 ° C. or higher. By setting the temperature in the above range, the low molecular weight substance can be reduced more efficiently.
• the temperature is preferably 90 ° C.
• the ultrafiltration is preferably performed using an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Da or more.
• the water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited, and for example, a water-soluble polymer in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom in the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is 50% or more. It is possible to use a water-soluble polymer in which the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms in the above-mentioned polymer ⁇ is 50% or more.
• CX 2 CY (-CZ 2- O-Rf-A) (1)
• X is the same or different, -H or -F
• Y is -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Z is the same or different, -H,-.
• F an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is -COOM,-.
• the first composition of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less in the first composition of the present disclosure is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the first composition of the present disclosure can improve dispersibility (property to disperse other components) when used as a dispersant in a polymer dispersion by reducing low molecular weight substances. it can.
• the coating agent obtained from the first composition of the present disclosure is excellent in transparency, water repellency, and antireflection property.
• the first composition of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the first production method of the present disclosure.
• the first composition of the present disclosure comprises water.
• the content of water is not limited, and it is preferable that the fluoropolymer can be dispersed or dissolved.
• Examples of the fluoropolymer in the first composition of the present disclosure include those described in the first production method of the present disclosure. Moreover, all suitable embodiments can be adopted.
• at least one X may be ⁇ H, or both may be ⁇ H.
• the Rf is preferably a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond and having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
• A is preferably -COOM, and M is preferably -H, -Na, -K, -Li or -NH 4 .
• CX 2 CFCF 2- O- (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n5- CF (CF 3 ) -A (1a)
• each X is the same and represents F or H.
• N5 represents an integer of 0 or 1 to 10, and A is the same as the above definition.
• the unit (1a) is preferable, and the structural unit (1A) based on the monomer represented by the following general formula (1A) is also preferable.
• CH 2 CF (-CF 2- O-Rf-A) (1A) (In the formula, Rf and A are the same as above.)
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms is preferably 50% or more.
• the fluoropolymer preferably contains an ionic group and preferably has an ion exchange rate of 53 or less.
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms is preferably 50% or more.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the content (concentration) of the fluoropolymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the composition.
• the first composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the first production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the first composition of the present disclosure may contain one single fluoropolymer or may contain two or more different fluoropolymers.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is 3.5% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer. Dispersibility is excellent by setting the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less in the above range. It is preferably 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is less than 0.6%.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the dispersibility is further improved. It is preferably 3.2% or less, more preferably 2.7% or less, still more preferably 1.7% or less, particularly preferably 1.2% or less, and particularly preferably. It is 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the dispersibility is further improved. It is preferably 4.0% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less, further preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is 6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is preferably 3.5% or less, more preferably 3.0, with respect to the fluoropolymer from the viewpoint of dispersibility. % Or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 2.0% or less, particularly still more preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less. Yes, most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is preferably 4.0% or less, more preferably 3.5, with respect to the fluoropolymer from the viewpoint of dispersibility. % Or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, still more preferably 2.0% or less, particularly still more preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less. Yes, most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is not limited, and any compound having the molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is preferably 11.0% or less, more preferably 10.0, with respect to the fluoropolymer from the viewpoint of dispersibility. % Or less, more preferably 9.0% or less, and particularly preferably 7.8% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is not limited, and any compound having the molecular weight is included.
• the composition may be used as it is, or may be diluted or concentrated before use.
• the fluoropolymer may be used separately from the first composition of the present disclosure.
• the fluoropolymer can be separated and used as a dispersant.
• the dispersant can be used, for example, when polymerizing the polymer, or can be used as a dispersant to be added after the polymer is polymerized.
• the fluoromonomer can be polymerized in the presence of the fluoropolymer obtained from the first composition of the present disclosure to produce a fluoropolymer other than the above fluoropolymer.
• the fluoromonomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having at least one fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, and for example, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), and fluoride.
• VF Vinyl
• CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• FVE perfluoroalkylethylene
• FVE fluorovinyl ether
• CH 2 CFCF 3
• CHF CHCF 3 (E form)
• fluoropolymers examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TFE, and other monomers copolymerizable with TFE (vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like. Copolymers with fluoropolymers, hydrocarbon olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ethers, etc.
• Fluororesin such as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyfluorovinylidene (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), and ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro Examples thereof include fluororubbers such as vinylidene fluoride-based rubbers (FKM) such as propylene copolymers, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubbers (FEPM), fluororubbers such as tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubbers (FFKM), and fluoropolymers.
• FKM vinylidene fluoride-based rubbers
• FKM propylene copolymers
• FEPM tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubbers
• FFKM tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubbers
• the above-mentioned PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99.0% by mass or more of TFE and 1.0% by mass or less of a modified monomer.
• the other fluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of melt-workable fluororesins containing PTFE and 60.0-98.0% by weight of TFE units and 2.0-40.0% by weight of other monomers. At least one type is preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable.
• the first composition of the present disclosure can be used as a coating agent. Since the first composition of the present disclosure has a reduced content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, it is excellent in dispersibility (property to disperse other components).
• the composition may contain the above-mentioned other fluoropolymer, water and the like.
• the present disclosure also discloses a polymer in which water and a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom are replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more, and an ionic group is contained, and an ion exchange rate is 53 or less.
• a composition containing hereinafter, also referred to as "polymer ⁇ " and having a content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less of 3.5% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ (hereinafter, "the present disclosure”). Also referred to as "second composition").
• the second composition of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less in the second composition of the present disclosure is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ .
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ .
• the second composition of the present disclosure can improve dispersibility (property to disperse other components) when used as a dispersant in a polymer dispersion by reducing low molecular weight substances. it can.
• the coating agent obtained from the second composition of the present disclosure is excellent in transparency, water repellency, and antireflection property.
• the second composition of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the second production method of the present disclosure.
• the second composition of the present disclosure comprises water.
• the content of water is not limited, and it is preferable that the fluoropolymer can be dispersed or dissolved.
• Examples of the polymer ⁇ in the second composition of the present disclosure include those described in the second production method of the present disclosure. Moreover, all suitable embodiments can be adopted.
• the polymer ⁇ is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the content of the polymer ⁇ is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the composition.
• the second composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the second production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the second composition of the present disclosure may contain one single polymer ⁇ , or may contain two or more different polymers ⁇ .
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is 3.5% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ . Dispersibility is excellent by setting the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less in the above range. It is preferably 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is less than 0.6%.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ .
• the dispersibility is further improved. It is preferably 3.2% or less, more preferably 2.7% or less, still more preferably 1.7% or less, particularly preferably 1.2% or less, and particularly preferably. It is 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ . Dispersibility is further improved by setting the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 within the above range. It is preferably 4.0% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less, further preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is 6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is preferably 3.5% or less, more preferably 3.5% or less, based on the polymer ⁇ , from the viewpoint of dispersibility. It is 0% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 2.0% or less, particularly preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less. Most preferably, it is 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is preferably 4.0% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ from the viewpoint of dispersibility, and more preferably 3. It is 5% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, still more preferably 2.0% or less, particularly preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less. Most preferably, it is 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is not limited, and any compound having the molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is preferably 11.0% or less, more preferably 10.1% or less, based on the polymer ⁇ from the viewpoint of dispersibility. It is 0% or less, more preferably 9.0% or less, and even more preferably 7.8% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is not limited, and any compound having the molecular weight is included.
• the composition may be used as it is, or may be diluted or concentrated before use.
• the polymer ⁇ may be separated and used from the second composition of the present disclosure.
• the polymer ⁇ can be separated and used as a dispersant.
• the dispersant can be used, for example, when polymerizing the polymer, or can be used as a dispersant to be added after the polymer is polymerized.
• the fluoromonomer can be polymerized in the presence of the polymer ⁇ obtained from the second composition of the present disclosure to produce a polymer other than the above-mentioned polymer ⁇ .
• the fluoromonomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having at least one fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, and for example, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), and fluoride.
• VF Vinyl
• CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• FVE fluorovinyl ether
• CH 2 CFCF 3
• CHF CHCF 3 (E form)
• Examples of the other polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TFE, and other monomers copolymerizable with TFE (vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like. Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers, hydrocarbon olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ethers, etc.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• other monomers copolymerizable with TFE vinylene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like.
• Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ether
• FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
• PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
• ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro
• FKM vinylidene fluoride-based rubber
• FKM such as propylene copolymer
• fluororubber such as tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber (FEPM)
• FFKM tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubber
• the above-mentioned PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99.0% by mass or more of TFE and 1.0% by mass or less of a modified monomer.
• the other polymer is selected from the group consisting of a melt-processable fluororesin containing PTFE and 60.0 to 98.0% by mass of TFE units and 2.0 to 40.0% by mass of other monomers. At least one type is preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable.
• the second composition of the present disclosure can be used as a coating agent. Since the second composition of the present disclosure has a reduced content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, it is excellent in dispersibility (property to disperse other components).
• the composition may contain the above-mentioned other polymer, water and the like.
• the present disclosure also includes water and a water-soluble polymer in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more, and the content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is the water-soluble. It also relates to a composition characterized by having a molecular weight of 3.5% or less based on the sex polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as “the third composition of the present disclosure”).
• the third composition of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less in the third composition of the present disclosure is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• the third composition of the present disclosure can improve dispersibility (property to disperse other components) when used as a dispersant in a polymer dispersion by reducing low molecular weight substances. it can.
• the coating agent obtained from the third composition of the present disclosure is excellent in transparency, water repellency, and antireflection property.
• the third composition of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the third production method of the present disclosure.
• the third composition of the present disclosure comprises water.
• the content of water is not limited, and it is preferable that the water-soluble polymer can be dispersed or dissolved, and the amount of the water-soluble polymer can be dissolved.
• Examples of the water-soluble polymer in the third composition of the present disclosure include those described in the third production method of the present disclosure. Moreover, all suitable embodiments can be adopted.
• the content of the water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the composition.
• the third composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the third production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the third composition of the present disclosure may contain one single water-soluble polymer, or may contain two or more different water-soluble polymers.
• the content of the water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the composition.
• the third composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the third production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the third composition of the present disclosure may contain one single water-soluble polymer, or may contain two or more different water-soluble polymers.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is 3.5% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer. Dispersibility is excellent by setting the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less in the above range. It is preferably 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is less than 0.6%.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• the dispersibility is further improved. It is preferably 3.2% or less, and more preferably 2.7% or less. It is more preferably 1.7% or less, still more preferably 1.2% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is preferably 5.0% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer.
• the dispersibility is further improved. It is preferably 4.0% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less, further preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is 6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is preferably 3.5% or less, more preferably 3) with respect to the water-soluble polymer from the viewpoint of dispersibility. It is 0.0% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 2.0% or less, particularly preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0%. It is less than or equal to, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the above molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 3000 is not limited, and any compound having the above molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is preferably 4.0% or less, more preferably 3) with respect to the water-soluble polymer from the viewpoint of dispersibility. It is 5.5% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, still more preferably 2.0% or less, particularly preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0%. It is less than or equal to, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 5000 is not limited, and any compound having the molecular weight is included.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is preferably 11.0% or less, more preferably 10 with respect to the water-soluble polymer from the viewpoint of dispersibility. It is 0.0% or less, more preferably 9.0% or less, and particularly preferably 7.8% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is a value calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• the compound having the molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 20000 is not limited, and any compound having the molecular weight is included.
• the composition may be used as it is, or may be diluted or concentrated before use.
• the water-soluble polymer may be separated and used from the third composition of the present disclosure.
• the water-soluble polymer can be separated and used as a dispersant.
• the dispersant can be used, for example, when polymerizing the polymer, or can be used as a dispersant to be added after the polymer is polymerized.
• the fluoromonomer can be polymerized in the presence of the water-soluble polymer obtained from the third composition of the present disclosure to produce a polymer other than the above-mentioned water-soluble polymer.
• the fluoromonomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having at least one fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, and for example, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), and fluoride.
• VF Vinyl
• CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• FVE fluorovinyl ether
• CH 2 CFCF 3
• CHF CHCF 3 (E form)
• Examples of the other polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TFE, and other monomers copolymerizable with TFE (vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like. Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers, hydrocarbon olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ethers, etc.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• other monomers copolymerizable with TFE vinylene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like.
• Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ether
• FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
• PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
• ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro
• FKM vinylidene fluoride-based rubber
• FKM such as propylene copolymer
• fluororubber such as tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber (FEPM)
• FFKM tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubber
• the above-mentioned PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99.0% by mass or more of TFE and 1.0% by mass or less of a modified monomer.
• the other polymer is selected from the group consisting of a melt-processable fluororesin containing PTFE and 60.0 to 98.0% by mass of TFE units and 2.0 to 40.0% by mass of other monomers. At least one type is preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable.
• the third composition of the present disclosure can be used as a coating agent. Since the third composition of the present disclosure has a reduced content of a compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, it is excellent in dispersibility (property to disperse other components).
• the composition may contain the above-mentioned other polymer, water and the like.
• CX 2 CY (-CZ 2- O-Rf-A) (1)
• X is the same or different, -H or -F
• Y is -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
• Z is the same or different, -H,-.
• F an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
• Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
• A is -COOM,-.
• M is, -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, good imidazolium be substituted, substituted It is a pyridinium which may have a substituent or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is an H or an organic group), provided that at least one of X, Y and Z contains a fluorine atom).
• the content of the dimer and trimmer of the monomer which contains the fluoropolymer which is a polymer containing the structural unit M3 derived from the monomer and forms the structural unit constituting the fluoropolymer is higher than that of the fluoropolymer. It also relates to a composition characterized by being 0% or less (hereinafter, also referred to as “fourth composition of the present disclosure”).
• the fourth composition of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution. Since the fourth composition of the present disclosure has a reduced content of the dimer and trimmer, the fourth composition of the present disclosure can be used to polymerize the monomers in an aqueous medium to obtain the dimer and trimmer. A polymer having a reduced content can be obtained.
• the fourth composition of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the first production method of the present disclosure.
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms is preferably 50% or more.
• the fluoropolymer preferably contains an ionic group and preferably has an ion exchange rate of 53 or less.
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms replaced with fluorine atoms is preferably 50% or more.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the fourth composition of the present disclosure comprises water.
• the content of water is not limited as long as the fluoropolymer can be dispersed or dissolved.
• Examples of the fluoropolymer in the fourth composition of the present disclosure include those described in the first production method of the present disclosure. Moreover, all suitable embodiments can be adopted.
• the content of the fluoropolymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% with respect to the composition.
• the fourth composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the first production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the fourth composition of the present disclosure may contain one single fluoropolymer or may contain two or more different fluoropolymers.
• a dimer and trimmer of a monomer represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter, may be referred to as a monomer (I)) are preferable.
• the dimer and trimmer may be formed from one kind of monomer (I) as the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I), or two or more kinds having different structures. It may be formed from the monomer (I).
• examples of the monomer forming a suitable structural unit constituting the fluoropolymer include the above-mentioned monomer dimer and trimmer.
• the contents of the dimer and the trimmer in the fourth composition of the present disclosure are 2.0% or less, 1.5% or less, 1.0% or less, and 0. It is 1% or less, 0.01% or less, 0.001% or less, 0.0001% or less.
• the method for measuring the content of dimer and trimer in the composition is as described above.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000 is preferably 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, still more preferably, with respect to the fluoropolymer. Is 1.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.5% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, and further, with respect to the fluoropolymer. It is preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less, more preferably 3.2% or less, and further, with respect to the fluoropolymer. It is preferably 2.7% or less, still more preferably 1.7% or less, particularly preferably 1.2% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is 6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the contents of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000, the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, and the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less are values calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• Compounds having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000, compounds having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, and compounds having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less are not limited, and all compounds having the above molecular weight are included.
• a fluoropolymer can be polymerized in the presence of the fluoropolymer obtained from the fourth composition of the present disclosure to produce a polymer other than the above-mentioned fluoropolymer.
• the fluoromonomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having at least one fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, and for example, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), and fluoride.
• VF Vinyl
• CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• FVE fluorovinyl ether
• CH 2 CFCF 3
• CHF CHCF 3 (E form)
• Examples of the other polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TFE, and other monomers copolymerizable with TFE (vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like. Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers, hydrocarbon olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ethers, etc.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• other monomers copolymerizable with TFE vinylene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like.
• Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ether
• FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
• PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
• ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro
• FKM vinylidene fluoride-based rubber
• FKM such as propylene copolymer
• fluororubber such as tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber (FEPM)
• FFKM tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubber
• the above-mentioned PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99.0% by mass or more of TFE and 1.0% by mass or less of a modified monomer.
• the other polymer is selected from the group consisting of a melt-processable fluororesin containing PTFE and 60.0 to 98.0% by mass of TFE units and 2.0 to 40.0% by mass of other monomers. At least one type is preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable.
• the fourth composition of the present disclosure can be used as a coating agent.
• the composition may contain the above-mentioned other polymer, water and the like.
• the present disclosure also comprises a polymer ⁇ in which the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more and contains an ionic group and an ion exchange rate of 53 or less.
• a composition characterized in that the content of the monomer dimer and trimmer forming the structural unit constituting the polymer ⁇ is 2.0% or less with respect to the polymer ⁇ hereinafter, “the first of the present disclosure”). Also referred to as "composition of 5").
• the fifth composition of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution. Since the fifth composition of the present disclosure has a reduced content of the dimer and trimmer, the fifth composition of the present disclosure can be used to polymerize the monomers in an aqueous medium to obtain the dimer and trimmer. A polymer having a reduced content can be obtained.
• the fifth composition of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the second production method of the present disclosure.
• the fifth composition of the present disclosure comprises water.
• the content of water is not limited as long as the polymer ⁇ can be dispersed or dissolved.
• Examples of the polymer ⁇ in the fifth composition of the present disclosure include those described in the second production method of the present disclosure. Moreover, all suitable embodiments can be adopted.
• the polymer ⁇ is preferably a water-soluble polymer.
• the content of the polymer ⁇ is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the composition.
• the fifth composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the second production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the fifth composition of the present disclosure may contain one single polymer ⁇ , or may contain two or more different polymers ⁇ .
• a dimer and trimmer of a monomer represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter, may be referred to as a monomer (I)) are preferable.
• the dimer and trimmer may be formed from one kind of monomer (I) as the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I), or two or more kinds having different structures. It may be formed from the monomer (I).
• examples of the dimer and trimmer include the above-mentioned monomeric dimer and trimmer as a monomer forming a suitable structural unit constituting the polymer ⁇ .
• the contents of the dimer and the trimmer in the fifth composition of the present disclosure are 2.0% or less, 1.5% or less, 1.0% or less, and 0 in the order of preference with respect to the polymer ⁇ . .1% or less, 0.01% or less, 0.001% or less, 0.0001% or less.
• the method for measuring the content of dimer and trimer in the composition is as described above.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000 is preferably 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, based on the polymer ⁇ . It is more preferably 1.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.5% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, based on the polymer ⁇ . It is more preferably 2.5% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less, more preferably 3.2% or less, based on the polymer ⁇ . It is more preferably 2.7% or less, still more preferably 1.7% or less, particularly still more preferably 1.2% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0. It is less than 0.6%.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the contents of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000, the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, and the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less are values calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• Compounds having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000, compounds having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, and compounds having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less are not limited, and all compounds having the above molecular weight are included.
• the fluoromonomer can be polymerized in the presence of the polymer ⁇ obtained from the fifth composition of the present disclosure to produce a polymer other than the above-mentioned polymer ⁇ .
• the fluoromonomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having at least one fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, and for example, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), and fluoride.
• VF Vinyl
• CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• FVE fluorovinyl ether
• CH 2 CFCF 3
• CHF CHCF 3 (E form)
• Examples of the other polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TFE, and other monomers copolymerizable with TFE (vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like. Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers, hydrocarbon olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ethers, etc.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• other monomers copolymerizable with TFE vinylene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like.
• Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ether
• FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
• PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
• ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro
• FKM vinylidene fluoride-based rubber
• FKM such as propylene copolymer
• fluororubber such as tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber (FEPM)
• FFKM tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubber
• the above-mentioned PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99.0% by mass or more of TFE and 1.0% by mass or less of a modified monomer.
• the other polymer is selected from the group consisting of a melt-processable fluororesin containing PTFE and 60.0 to 98.0% by mass of TFE units and 2.0 to 40.0% by mass of other monomers. At least one type is preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable.
• the fifth composition of the present disclosure can be used as a coating agent.
• the composition may contain the above-mentioned other polymer, water and the like.
• the present disclosure also comprises water and a water-soluble polymer in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom in an amount of 50% or more, and forms a structural unit constituting the water-soluble polymer. Also in the composition characterized by the content of the monomer dimer and the trimmer being 2.0% or less with respect to the water-soluble polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as “the sixth composition of the present disclosure”). Related.
• the sixth composition of the present disclosure may be an aqueous solution. Since the sixth composition of the present disclosure has a reduced content of the dimer and the trimmer, the sixth composition of the present disclosure can be used to polymerize the monomers in an aqueous medium to obtain the dimer and the trimmer. A polymer having a reduced content can be obtained.
• the sixth composition of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the third production method of the present disclosure.
• the sixth composition of the present disclosure comprises water.
• the content of water is not limited, and is preferably an amount in which the water-soluble polymer can be dispersed or dissolved, and preferably an amount in which the water-soluble polymer can be dissolved.
• water-soluble polymer in the sixth composition of the present disclosure examples include those described in the third production method of the present disclosure. Moreover, all suitable embodiments can be adopted.
• the content of the water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the composition.
• the sixth composition of the present disclosure may be a diluted or concentrated composition obtained by the third production method of the present disclosure described above.
• the sixth composition of the present disclosure may contain one single water-soluble polymer, or may contain two or more different water-soluble polymers.
• a dimer and trimmer of a monomer represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter, may be referred to as a monomer (I)) are preferable.
• the dimer and trimmer may be formed from one kind of monomer (I) as the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I), or two or more kinds having different structures. It may be formed from the monomer (I).
• examples of the monomer forming a suitable structural unit constituting the water-soluble polymer include the above-mentioned monomer dimer and trimmer.
• the contents of the dimer and the trimmer in the sixth composition of the present disclosure are, in order of preference, 2.0% or less, 1.5% or less, 1.0% or less, based on the water-soluble polymer. It is 0.1% or less, 0.01% or less, 0.001% or less, 0.0001% or less.
• the method for measuring the content of dimer and trimer in the composition is as described above.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000 is preferably 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, based on the water-soluble polymer. , More preferably 1.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000 is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.5% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, based on the water-soluble polymer. It is more preferably 2.5% or less, further preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is preferably 3.7% or less, more preferably 3.2% or less, based on the water-soluble polymer. , More preferably 2.7% or less, even more preferably 1.7% or less, particularly still more preferably 1.2% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, and most preferably. It is 0.6% or less.
• the lower limit of the content of the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less is not limited, but is, for example, 0.01%.
• the contents of the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000, the compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, and the compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less are values calculated from the peak area of GPC.
• Compounds having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 1000, compounds having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less, and compounds having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less are not limited, and all compounds having the above molecular weight are included.
• the fluoromonomer can be polymerized in the presence of the water-soluble polymer obtained from the sixth composition of the present disclosure to produce a polymer other than the above-mentioned water-soluble polymer.
• the fluoromonomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having at least one fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, and for example, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), and fluoride.
• VF Vinyl
• CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• FVE fluorovinyl ether
• CH 2 CFCF 3
• CHF CHCF 3 (E form)
• Examples of the other polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TFE, and other monomers copolymerizable with TFE (vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like. Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers, hydrocarbon olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ethers, etc.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• other monomers copolymerizable with TFE vinylene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like.
• Copolymers with fluorine-containing monomers such as ethylene, propylene and isobutene, alkyl vinyl ether
• FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
• PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
• ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro
• FKM vinylidene fluoride-based rubber
• FKM such as propylene copolymer
• fluororubber such as tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber (FEPM)
• FFKM tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether rubber
• the above-mentioned PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99.0% by mass or more of TFE and 1.0% by mass or less of a modified monomer.
• the other polymer is selected from the group consisting of a melt-processable fluororesin containing PTFE and 60.0 to 98.0% by mass of TFE units and 2.0 to 40.0% by mass of other monomers. At least one type is preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable.
• the sixth composition of the present disclosure can be used as a coating agent.
• the composition may contain the above-mentioned other polymer, water and the like.
• the contents of Mw, Mn and low molecular weight substances having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 of the polymer (water-soluble polymer) are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using monodisperse polyethylene oxide (PEO) manufactured by Toso and Agent. The molecular weight was calculated and determined using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a standard.
• the extract was analyzed using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (Waters, LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC / TQD) to obtain a chromatogram of the extract.
• the content of the monomeric dimer and trimmer contained in the extract is the integral value of the peaks derived from the monomeric dimer and trimmer appearing in the chromatogram of the extract, using a calibration curve. It was determined by converting to the content of dimer and trimmer.
• the quantification limit in this measuring instrument configuration is 1 ng / mL.
• aqueous polymer solution (solid content concentration) Approximately 1 g of the polymer aqueous solution was dried in a vacuum dryer at 60 ° C. for 60 minutes, the mass of the heating residue was measured, and the ratio of the mass of the heating residue to the mass (1 g) of the polymer aqueous solution was determined. The value expressed as a percentage was adopted.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 3.7% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 3.9% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• Example 1 Water was added to the fluoropolymer aqueous solution A-1 to adjust the concentration of the fluoropolymer to 2.0% by mass, and then ultrafiltration was performed using an ultrafiltration membrane (molecular weight cut off of 50,000 Da). Ultrafiltration was performed while injecting water as appropriate.
• the content of the fluoropolymer Mw 360,000, Mn 140,000, and the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 was 0.7% with respect to the fluoropolymer. From the above, it was found that this method was effective in removing low molecular weight substances.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 0.6% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer. Further, the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 0.6% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• Example 2 50 g of 10% hydrochloric acid was added to an aqueous solution (solid content 35 g) having a fluoropolymer concentration of 2.0% by mass prepared by adding water to the fluoropolymer aqueous solution A-1 to precipitate the fluoropolymer, and the precipitated fluoropolymer was prepared. The solution dissolved in acetone was poured into n-hexane, separated and vacuum dried to obtain 34.7 g of a colorless and transparent polymer.
• the content of the fluoropolymer Mw 350,000, Mn 130,000, and the low molecular weight polymer having a molecular weight of 700 or more and less than 10,000 was 6.8% by mass with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 3.6% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 3.8% with respect to the fluoropolymer. From the above, it was found that the low molecular weight substance could hardly be removed by the conventional method of precipitating and recovering the fluoropolymer from the aqueous solution.
• CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2
• monomer E represented by COOH
• 30 g of water, and APS 6.0 mol% with respect to monomer E
• APS 6.0 mol% with respect to monomer E
• the polymer E was Mw 7,000 and Mn 5,000.
• the content of the low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 4.6% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 4.6% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• Example 3 Water was added to the obtained polymer E aqueous solution E-1 and brought into contact with a dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut off of 35,000 Da, made of polyethylene) at 30 ° C. and filtered to obtain a polymer E aqueous solution E-2.
• a dialysis membrane molecular weight cut off of 35,000 Da, made of polyethylene
• the content of the polymer E was Mw 7,000, Mn 6,000, dimer, and trimmer with respect to the polymer E. It was less than 1 mass ppm.
• the concentration of the obtained polymer E aqueous solution E-2 was 3.6% by mass.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 0.05% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer. Further, the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 0.05% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 4.5% with respect to the fluoropolymer. Moreover, the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 4.6% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• Example 4 The obtained polymer F aqueous solution F-1 was brought into contact with a dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut-off 35000 Da, made of polyethylene) at 30 ° C. and filtered to obtain a polymer F aqueous solution F-2.
• a dialysis membrane molecular weight cut-off 35000 Da, made of polyethylene
• the content of the polymer F was Mw 0.99, Mn 6,000, dimer, and trimmer with respect to the polymer F. It was less than 1 mass ppm.
• the concentration of the obtained polymer F aqueous solution F-2 was 2.0% by mass.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 0.05% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer. Further, the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 0.05% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2
• monomer E represented by COOH
• 30 g of water, and APS 2.5 mol% divided with respect to monomer E
• APS 2.5 mol% divided with respect to monomer E
• the polymer E was Mw 13,000 and Mn 88,000.
• the content of the low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 3.9% with respect to the fluoropolymer. Moreover, the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 4.0% with respect to the fluoropolymer.
• Example 5 Water was added to the obtained polymer E aqueous solution E-1 and brought into contact with a dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut off of 35,000 Da, made of polyethylene) at 30 ° C. and filtered to obtain a polymer E aqueous solution E-2.
• a dialysis membrane molecular weight cut off of 35,000 Da, made of polyethylene
• the content of the polymer E was 13,000 Mw, 11,000 Mn, dimer, and trimmer, as compared with the polymer E. It was less than 1 mass ppm.
• the concentration of the obtained polymer E aqueous solution E-2 was 3.5% by mass.
• the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 700 or more and 3000 or less was 0.05% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer. Further, the content of the low molecular weight substance having a molecular weight of 400 or more and 3000 or less was 0.05% or less with respect to the fluoropolymer.

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