WO2019031260A1 - ガスセンサ、ガス検出装置、ガス検出方法及びガスセンサ、ガス検出装置を備えた装置 - Google Patents
ガスセンサ、ガス検出装置、ガス検出方法及びガスセンサ、ガス検出装置を備えた装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019031260A1 WO2019031260A1 PCT/JP2018/028058 JP2018028058W WO2019031260A1 WO 2019031260 A1 WO2019031260 A1 WO 2019031260A1 JP 2018028058 W JP2018028058 W JP 2018028058W WO 2019031260 A1 WO2019031260 A1 WO 2019031260A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas sensor
- resistance element
- thermal resistance
- heating
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
- G01N33/0016—Sample conditioning by regulating a physical variable, e.g. pressure or temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
- G01K7/22—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
- G01K7/22—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor
- G01K7/223—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor characterised by the shape of the resistive element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/121—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/122—Circuits particularly adapted therefor, e.g. linearising circuits
- G01N27/123—Circuits particularly adapted therefor, e.g. linearising circuits for controlling the temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas sensor capable of detecting gas molecules, a gas detection device, a gas detection method and a gas sensor, and an apparatus provided with the gas detection device.
- a humidity sensor or a gas sensor is used as a gas detection device in order to detect humidity or a specific gas.
- a gas detection device it is necessary to improve gas selectivity such as gas detection sensitivity at low temperature and selection of a gas to be detected.
- a gas sensor in which a filter made of zeolite, activated alumina or the like is provided in a housing that accommodates the sensor body (Patent Reference 3).
- Patent Document 4 a humidity sensor using a sensor element provided with a sensor chip or a humidity sensor using a humidity sensitive thin film formed by polymerizing a monomer has been proposed (see Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5). Furthermore, a hydrogen gas sensor has been proposed that uses palladium as a hydrogen absorbing material, occludes hydrogen in a solid reaction of this palladium by a chemical reaction that causes a hydrogen reaction, and detects hydrogen gas (see Patent Document 6).
- the above-mentioned conventional humidity sensor is based on the principle of detecting the humidity by detecting the change of the electric resistance value according to the water vapor content in the atmosphere.
- the humidity sensor shown by patent document 1 and patent document 2 is energized to a metal resistance lead, and is adjusted to high temperature so that the temperature is in the range of 300-500 ° C, and a metal resistance lead.
- the gas sensor shown by patent document 3 provides filters, such as a zeolite, an activated alumina, and activated carbon, exceptionally,
- the humidity sensor shown by patent document 4 and patent document 5 is a gas detection under low temperature There is a problem that the sensitivity is low.
- Patent Document 6 the use of a chemical reaction is a detection principle, and therefore, an inert gas such as helium gas can not be detected because the chemical reaction does not occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is possible to improve gas detection performance and to suppress variations in output characteristics of individual gas sensors, a gas detection device, a gas detection method, a gas sensor, and gas detection.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus provided with the apparatus.
- the gas sensor according to claim 1 is thermally coupled to a thermal resistance element having at least a pair of electrodes, a lead connected in a welded state without any inclusions to the thermal resistance element, and the thermal resistance element. And a porous gas molecule adsorbing material from which specific gas molecules are desorbed by heating.
- Zeolite or a porous metal complex can be used as the porous gas molecule adsorbing material.
- a zeolite for example, a molecular sieve of A-type zeolite is suitably used.
- Porous metal complexes are new materials for coordination polymers or organic-metal frameworks by utilization of metal complexes.
- the gas sensor according to claim 2 is the gas sensor according to claim 1, wherein the lead portion has a thermal conductivity of 5 W / m ⁇ K to 25 W / m ⁇ K and a cross-sectional area of 0.001 mm 2 to 0.03 mm. 2 and is formed of a weldable material. According to the invention, a gas sensor with high sensitivity and excellent thermal responsiveness can be realized by reducing the heat capacity.
- the gas sensor according to claim 3 is the gas sensor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermal resistance element is formed by forming a thin film element layer on a substrate, and the thickness dimension of the substrate is It is characterized in that it is 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. According to the invention, the total thickness of the sensor is reduced and the heat capacity is reduced, so that a gas sensor with high sensitivity and excellent thermal responsiveness can be realized.
- the gas sensor according to claim 4 is the gas sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porous gas molecule adsorbing material is formed by being deposited on the surface of the thermal resistance element.
- the thickness of the porous gas molecule adsorbing material formed into a film is 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. According to the invention, a gas sensor with high sensitivity and excellent thermal responsiveness can be realized by reducing the heat capacity.
- the gas sensor according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the gas sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the lead portion is formed in a foil-like lead frame shape. According to the invention, the total thickness of the sensor is reduced and the heat capacity is reduced, so that a gas sensor with high sensitivity and excellent thermal responsiveness can be realized.
- thermosensitive resistive element is a thermistor.
- the thermal runaway phenomenon peculiar to the thermistor can be utilized, and the gas sensor can be made highly sensitive.
- the gas sensor according to claim 7 is characterized in that the gas sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises a heating and / or cooling element for keeping the gas sensor at a constant temperature. .
- the heating and / or cooling elements include elements having the sole function of heating or cooling, and elements having both the functions of heating and cooling, not heating or cooling alone.
- a thermoelectric element such as a heater or a Peltier element can be applied.
- the gas sensor according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the gas sensor according to claim 7, the heating and / or cooling element is a thermoelectric element.
- a gas detection apparatus comprises the gas sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a heating and / or cooling device for keeping the gas sensor at a constant temperature. I assume.
- thermoelectric element As a heating and / or cooling device, for example, a temperature controller equipped with a thermoelectric element can be applied.
- the heating and / or cooling device is not limited to a specific device.
- the gas sensor by keeping the gas sensor at a constant temperature, it is possible to reduce disturbance elements related to various temperatures and to make the gas sensor highly sensitive.
- a gas detection method wherein a thermal resistance element having at least a pair of electrodes, a lead portion connected in a welded state without any inclusions to the thermal resistance element, and the thermal resistance element are thermally connected.
- a gas detection method for a gas sensor comprising: a porous gas molecule adsorbing material bonded to a porous gas molecule from which specific gas molecules are desorbed by heating, and holding the gas sensor at a constant temperature; It is characterized by comprising: a heating step of heating the polar gas molecule adsorbing material, and a detection step of detecting a specific gas based on a change in output of the thermal resistance element due to the heating.
- the gas detection method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, in the gas detection method according to claim 10, in order to detect a specific gas, measurement of the output of the gas serving as a reference is performed in advance.
- the gas detection method according to claim 12 is the gas detection method according to claim 11, wherein, in the detection step, comparison between the measurement result of the output of the gas as the reference in advance and the measurement result of the output of the specific gas To detect the concentration of a specific gas.
- the gas detection method according to claim 13 is the gas detection method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein, in the heating step, an overpower is supplied to the thermal resistance element to perform the thermal detection. It is characterized in that the resistance element is put in a thermal runaway state.
- the gas detection method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, in the gas detection method according to claim 13, the constant temperature is 10 ° C. or less. By lowering the temperature of the gas sensor, the sensor becomes sensitive and it becomes possible to detect a small amount of gas.
- An apparatus provided with the gas sensor according to claim 15 is characterized in that the gas sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is provided.
- a device provided with a gas sensor can be provided and applied to various devices for detecting gas molecules and humidity of medical devices, automobiles, home appliances, OA devices, food storage devices and the like.
- the device to which it is specially applied is not limited.
- An apparatus provided with the gas detection device according to claim 16 is characterized in that the gas detection device according to claim 9 is provided.
- a device provided with a gas detection device can be provided and applied to various devices for detecting gas molecules and humidity such as medical devices, automobiles, home appliances, OA devices, food storage devices and the like.
- the device to which it is specially applied is not limited.
- a gas sensor a gas detection apparatus, a gas detection method, a gas sensor, and an apparatus provided with the gas detection apparatus can be provided which can improve the gas detection performance and can suppress variations in output characteristics of individual gas sensors. be able to.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. It is a wiring diagram for the characteristic detection of the same gas detection apparatus. It is a block block diagram which shows the same gas detection apparatus. It is a figure of the structural example which shows the measuring method of the same gas detection apparatus typically. It is a graph for demonstrating the output characteristic of a gas sensor, and is a graph which shows the voltage concerning a sensor with respect to the density
- FIG. 6 It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 6, and is a graph which changes and shows the range of a time axis. It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 8, and is a graph which changes and shows the range of a time axis.
- It is a sectional view showing a gas sensor concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a connection diagram for the characteristic detection of the gas detection apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing the same heat-sensitive resistance element.
- FIGS. 1 to 10 are cross-sectional views showing the gas sensor
- FIG. 3 is a connection diagram for characteristic detection of the gas detection device
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the gas detection device
- FIG. It is a structural example which shows typically the measuring method of a gas detection apparatus.
- 6 to 10 are graphs for explaining the output characteristics of the gas sensor.
- the gas sensor 1 is provided with a thermal resistance element 2, a gas molecule adsorbing material 3, a base member 4 and an outer case 5.
- the gas sensor 1 is a sensor that detects water vapor gas (water molecules), hydrogen gas, and the like in the atmosphere.
- the scale of each member is appropriately changed in order to make each member have a recognizable size.
- the thermal resistance element 2 is a thin film thermistor, and is a detection thermal resistance element.
- a substrate 21, a conductive layer 22 formed on the substrate 21, a thin film element layer 23, and a protective insulating layer 24 are provided.
- the substrate 21 has a substantially rectangular shape, and is formed using a ceramic or semiconductor material such as insulating alumina, aluminum nitride, or zirconia, semiconductor silicon, or germanium.
- a ceramic or semiconductor material such as insulating alumina, aluminum nitride, or zirconia, semiconductor silicon, or germanium.
- An insulating thin film is formed on one surface of the substrate 21 by sputtering.
- the substrate 21 is made of an alumina material and has an extremely thin thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the conductive layer 22 constitutes a wiring pattern, and is formed on the substrate 21.
- the conductive layer 22 is formed by depositing a metal thin film by sputtering, and the metal material includes a noble metal such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd) or the like. These alloys, such as Ag-Pd alloy, are applied. Further, at both ends of the substrate 21, electrode portions 22 a electrically connected to the conductive layer 22 are formed integrally with the conductive layer 22.
- the thin film element layer 23 is a thermistor composition, and is made of an oxide semiconductor having a negative temperature coefficient.
- the thin film element layer 23 is formed on the conductive layer 22 by sputtering or the like to be electrically connected to the conductive layer 22.
- the thin film element layer 23 is made of, for example, two or more elements selected from transition metal elements such as manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and the like.
- the protective insulating layer 24 is formed to cover the thin film element layer 23 and the conductive layer 22.
- the protective insulating layer 24 is a protective glass layer formed of borosilicate glass.
- a lead portion 22b made of metal is joined to the electrode portion 22a by welding and electrically connected.
- the lead portion 22b is made of, for example, a material having a low thermal conductivity such as Constantan or Hastelloy (registered trademark), and the thermal conductivity thereof is 5 W / m ⁇ K to 25 W / m ⁇ . K is preferred.
- These are connected in a welded state by laser welding. Therefore, the mutual metal of the electrode part 22a and the lead part 22b melts and is joined. For this reason, there is no additional material such as a filler material (brazing material) used in the case of soldering, etc. between the electrode portion 22a and the lead portion 22b, that is, there is no inclusion, so the heat capacity is reduced.
- the thermal response of the thermal resistance element 2 can be made faster by reducing the thermal time constant.
- a linear body having a circular cross section or a narrow plate-like body having a frame shape can be used as the lead portion 22b.
- the form of the lead portion 22b is not particularly limited. When the lead portion 22b is a linear body, it is in the form of a thin plate having a diameter of 30 to 100 ⁇ m, and in the form of a thin plate; Is preferred. It is also desirable cross-sectional area of the lead portion 22 is 0.001mm 2 ⁇ 0.03mm 2.
- the thermal conductivity of the material of the lead portion 22b is 5 W / m ⁇ K to 25 W / m ⁇ K, and a material that can be welded is selected, and the cross-sectional area of the lead portion 22b is 0.001 mm 2 to
- the size is 0.03 mm 2
- the heat capacity and the heat dissipation amount of the thermal resistance element 2 can be reduced, and a gas sensor 1 with high sensitivity and excellent thermal responsiveness can be realized.
- the effect is further improved by using a foil-like lead.
- the thermal resistance element is not limited to the thin film thermistor, and may be formed of a thin film platinum resistance element.
- the thermistor element may be made of a metal wire such as a platinum wire and its alloy wire, or a semiconductor such as a metal oxide, silicide or nitride. It may be configured by a thermocouple element or a thermocouple element such as a thermopile in which a plurality of thermocouples are connected in series, and the thermal resistance element is not limited to any particular one.
- the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is provided thermally coupled to the thermosensitive resistive element 2 configured as described above. Specifically, the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is formed on the surface of the thermal resistance element 2 in the form of a film. More specifically, the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is held in a state of being deposited on the surface of the protective insulating layer 24 and the surface of the other surface side (rear surface side) of the substrate 21.
- the thermal resistance element 2 and the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 are thermally coupled to the thin film element layer 23 through the protective insulating layer 24 and the substrate 21. That is, heat is conducted between the thermal resistance element 2 and the gas molecule adsorbing material 3.
- the gas molecule adsorptive material 3 is a porous adsorptive material, and is formed, for example, by forming a film of a molecular sieve 3A (pore diameter of 0.3 nm) of A-type zeolite on the surface of the thermal resistance element 2 ing.
- a molecular sieve 3A pore diameter of 0.3 nm
- Al source aluminum hydroxide and sodium hydroxide
- solutions were prepared, and these were mixed and stirred to prepare a gel.
- both the support (the thermal resistance element) subjected to the seed treatment in advance and the gel were placed in an oil bath, and hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to produce a film.
- the thickness dimension of the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. As described above, the extremely thin functional film can be formed on the thermosensitive resistive element 2, so that the heat capacity becomes small, and the gas sensor 1 with high sensitivity and excellent thermal responsiveness can be realized.
- the film formation method of the gas molecule adsorption material 3 is not limited to a particular method.
- molecular sieves 4A, 5A, 13X, high silica type zeolites, silver zeolites substituted with metal ions, or porous metal complexes can be used according to the gas to be detected.
- the base member 4 is a metal member formed in a substantially disk shape, and the conductive terminal portion 42 is inserted through the insulating member 41.
- a lead wire 22 b derived from the thermal resistance element 2 is electrically connected to the conductive terminal portion 42 by welding, soldering or the like.
- the insulating member 41 is formed of an insulating material such as glass or resin.
- the conductive terminal portion 42 may be formed of a printed wiring board or the like.
- the outer case 5 is a metal member having a good heat conductivity and formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and one end side is opened, and the other end side is formed with a circular opening 52 provided with the ventilation portion 51 It is done.
- the exterior case 5 is attached to the base member 4 at one end side, and has a function of covering and protecting the thermal resistance element 2.
- the ventilation part 51 is formed of an air-permeable member that can reduce the influence of external air and allow gas to flow in and out, and is preferably made of a material such as a wire mesh, non-woven fabric, and porous sponge.
- the venting portion 51 is provided by press-fitting or bonding to the inner peripheral side of the outer case 5.
- the ventilation part 51 is not limited to the case provided in the exterior case 5. It may be provided on the base member 4, or a gap may be formed between the exterior case 5 and the base member 4 and provided on this portion.
- the outer case 5 can be formed of ceramic or resin material or the like.
- the inner wall surface of the outer case 5 may be made to have a function of reflecting infrared rays by metal plating or the like.
- the gas detection device 10 is configured by connecting a power source (voltage source) E to the gas sensor 1.
- a power source voltage source
- the resistor 11 and the gas sensor 1 are connected in series to the power supply E, and the output terminal is connected between the resistor 11 and the thermal resistive element 2;
- the output voltage Vout is detected as the voltage applied to the sensor as the voltage across the two terminals.
- the resistor 11 is a resistor for over current protection.
- the metal lead portion 22b is joined to the electrode portion 22a of the thermal sensitive resistance element 2 by welding, but the metal lead portion is joined to the electrode portion by soldering.
- the output characteristics of both the gas sensor 1 of the present embodiment and the gas sensor of the comparative example were compared and measured as the gas sensor of the comparative example.
- the gas sensor of the comparative example has a large variation in output characteristics of the individual gas sensors compared to the gas sensor 1 of the present embodiment. This is because, in the case of the gas sensor of the comparative example, inclusions as a filler metal (brazing filler) are present between the electrode part and the lead part, and it is easy to cause quantitative dispersion of the inclusions. It is thought that it is affecting the dispersion of the characteristics.
- a microcomputer 12 which is control means executes the entire control.
- the microcomputer 12 is roughly composed of a CPU 13 having an operation unit and a control unit, a ROM 14 and a RAM 15 as storage means, and an input / output control means 16.
- the power supply circuit 17 is connected to the input / output control means 16. Further, the circuit shown in FIG. 3 is connected to the power supply circuit 17.
- the power supply circuit 17 includes the power supply E and has a function of applying a voltage of the power supply E to the thermosensitive resistive element 2 to control supply of power to the thermosensitive resistive element 2. Specifically, the power supplied from the power supply E in the power supply circuit 17 is controlled by the program stored in the storage means of the microcomputer 12. The output voltage Vout is input to the microcomputer 12, subjected to arithmetic processing, and output as a detection output.
- the power supplied from the power supply E is executed by, for example, a unit configured by the microcomputer 12 and the power supply circuit 17, that is, the power supply unit.
- the power supply unit only needs to have a function of supplying power to the gas sensor 1, specifically, a function of supplying power from the power source E to the thermal resistive element 2, and is limited to exceptionally specific members and portions. It is not a thing.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of a gas detection device 10 provided with a thermoelectric element Te as a temperature control element for holding the gas sensor 1 at a constant temperature.
- a temperature control unit 18 incorporating a thermoelectric element Te is shown as a heating and / or cooling device for keeping the gas sensor 1 at a constant temperature.
- the gas detection device 10 includes a detection circuit unit 10 a in which the microcomputer 12 and the power supply circuit 17 shown in FIG. 4 are accommodated, and a temperature control unit 18.
- the detection circuit unit 10a circuit components are accommodated in a housing, a display panel 10p is provided on the front side, and the gas sensor 1 is connected by an electric wire.
- the temperature control unit 18 is a temperature controller capable of cooling and heating control, incorporates a Peltier element as the thermoelectric element Te, and is capable of setting the temperature in the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to + 80 ° C.
- an installation member 18a of the gas sensor 1 formed of a material such as copper having a good thermal conductivity is disposed on the plate (not shown) on the upper surface of the temperature control unit 18.
- an insertion hole 18b of the gas sensor 1 and a flow hole 18c through which the gas of the atmosphere can flow are formed.
- the gas sensor 1 is inserted into the insertion hole 18b, and in the inserted state, the gas flows from the ventilation part 51 of the gas sensor 1 through the flow hole 18c, and the gas can be detected.
- the gas detection device 10 is provided with a heating and / or cooling device for holding the gas sensor 1 at a constant temperature, specifically, a thermoelectric element Te.
- a thermoelectric element Te a thermoelectric element
- a Peltier element can be applied as the thermoelectric element, and a heater or the like can be applied as the heating element.
- the constant temperature it is desirable that the constant temperature have an accuracy of ⁇ 0.1 ° C.
- the sensor By lowering the temperature of the gas sensor 1, the sensor becomes sensitive, and it becomes possible to detect, for example, a minute amount of gas of 1 ppm or less. On the other hand, when the temperature of the gas sensor 1 is increased, it becomes insensitive and detection of high concentration gas becomes easy.
- the gas detection device 10 is hydrogen (H 2 )
- H 2 hydrogen
- it is a gas detection device applied to a hydrogen station or a fuel cell vehicle in an environment where a predetermined amount of hydrogen (H 2 ) may be present.
- the gas molecule adsorption material 3 is a molecular sieve 3A (pore diameter 0.3 nm) of A-type zeolite. This gas molecule adsorption material 3 produces a molecular sieving effect, and adsorbs only molecules whose diameter is smaller than that of the pore. Therefore, hydrogen (H 2 ), helium (He), water vapor (water molecules) (H 2 O) and ammonia (NH 3 ) in the atmosphere are adsorbed, but nitrogen (N 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) are adsorbed. do not do. Therefore, the gas can be selectively detected depending on the size of the molecule, and the selectivity of the gas to be detected can be enhanced.
- H 2 hydrogen
- He helium
- water vapor water molecules
- NH 3 ammonia
- N 2 nitrogen
- O 2 oxygen
- the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 generally changes its temperature by adsorbing and desorbing molecules. Therefore, when the gas molecule is hydrogen (H 2 ), the phenomenon of temperature change occurs when the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is heated to desorb hydrogen (H 2 ).
- 6 to 10 are graphs showing measurement results for explaining the output characteristics of the gas sensor. This gas detection is to detect the concentration of a trace amount of hydrogen (H 2 ), and utilizes the thermal runaway phenomenon of the thermal resistance element 2.
- the ambient temperature temperature of the gas sensor 1 is kept constant at 5 ° C. by the thermoelectric element Te
- the voltage of the power source E is constant 3.45 V
- the voltage (V) applied to the sensor in the atmosphere containing 1 ppm and 2 ppm of hydrogen (H 2 ) as a base, the temperature (° C.) of the sensor and the sensor output (mV) were measured.
- the horizontal axis shows time (seconds), and the vertical axis shows voltage (mV) of the sensor output.
- the sensor output indicates a voltage difference compared to the voltage applied to the sensor when nitrogen (N 2 ) is 100%. Therefore, in order to detect a specific gas (hydrogen), the output of the reference gas (100% nitrogen) is measured in advance.
- the power E of the power supply circuit 17 is 3.45 V according to the output signal from the microcomputer 12 by driving the gas detection device 10. Is applied to the thermosensitive resistive element 2 as a constant voltage. In this state, power is supplied to heat the thermal resistance element 2. It is known that thermal overrun occurs when overpower is supplied to the heat-sensitive resistive element 2 made of the thermistor composition.
- FIG. 9 shows voltages applied to sensors in a range corresponding to 25 seconds to 35 seconds of the time axis in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows sensor outputs in a range corresponding to 20 seconds to 40 seconds of the time axis in FIG.
- the thermal resistance element 2 When a voltage of 3.45 V is applied to the thermal resistance element 2 and power is supplied, the thermal resistance element 2 is energized to supply power, the thermal resistance element 2 self-heats, and the thermal resistance element 2 thermally
- the bonded gas molecule adsorption material 3 is heated.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) adsorbed to the gas molecule adsorption material 3 is desorbed, and the temperature of the gas molecule adsorption material 3 changes according to the concentration. Therefore, the temperature of the thermal resistance element 2 (the temperature of the sensor) varies according to the concentration of hydrogen (H 2), hydrogen (H 2) the voltage across the sensor changes according to the concentration (see Figure 9). According to the concentration of the thus hydrogen (H 2), the temperature of the sensor, the voltage across the sensor, since the sensor output changes, it is possible to detect the concentration of hydrogen (H 2).
- the hydrogen (H 2 ) adsorbed to the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is desorbed and the temperature of the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 changes, so that hydrogen (H (H 2 )
- An output corresponding to the density of 2 ) is calculated by the microcomputer 12 and can be obtained as a pattern of a sensor output (see FIG. 8).
- a pattern of change in sensor output according to the concentration of hydrogen (H 2 ) is stored and stored in advance, and the microcomputer 12 is stored and stored in advance with the obtained pattern of sensor output and in that the pattern performs an operation of comparison operations to calculate a concentration output of hydrogen (H 2) as a detection output.
- the concentration of hydrogen (H 2 ) can be detected.
- This gas detection method comprises the steps of maintaining the gas sensor 1 at a constant temperature, the heating step of heating the porous gas molecule adsorbing material 3 and the change of the output of the thermal resistance element 2 due to heating. And detecting.
- measurement of the output of the reference gas is performed in advance.
- the concentration of the specific gas is detected by comparing in advance the measurement result of the output of the reference gas with the measurement result of the output of the specific gas.
- thermosensitive resistive element 2 in the heating step, the overpower is supplied to the thermosensitive resistive element 2 to bring the thermosensitive resistive element 2 into the thermal runaway state, and the overpower is supplied to the thermosensitive resistive element 2 Then, the thermal resistance element 2 is put into the thermal runaway state.
- the thermal runaway phenomenon of the thermal resistance element 2 tends to occur when the ambient temperature (temperature of the gas sensor 1) is low (10 ° C. or lower), and the thermal resistance element It has been confirmed that the smaller the heat capacity of 2 tends to occur.
- the lead portion 22b is connected to the heat-sensitive resistive element 2 by welding, the heat capacity can be small and the heat response can be made fast, and the output characteristics of the individual gas sensors 1 can be obtained. It is possible to suppress the variation of V. It is possible to improve the reliability.
- the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is formed on the surface of the thermal resistance element 2 by film formation, the heat capacity can be reduced.
- the thickness dimension of the substrate 21 is 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and the diameter and thickness dimension of the lead portion 22 b are small, it can contribute to reducing the heat capacity and can accelerate high-speed response. Furthermore, by utilizing the thermal runaway phenomenon of the thermal resistance element 2, it becomes possible to detect the concentration of a trace amount of hydrogen (H 2 ) gas.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a gas sensor.
- the same or corresponding portions as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
- the gas sensor 1 of the present embodiment is a sensor that detects the concentration of gas in the atmosphere, and includes a pair of thermal resistance elements. That is, the detection thermal resistance element 2 and the compensation thermal resistance element 2 a are provided so as to be covered by the outer case 5. Gas molecule adsorbing materials 3 and 3a are formed on the surfaces of the detection thermal resistance element 2 and the compensation thermal resistance element 2a.
- the detection thermal resistance element 2 and the compensation thermal resistance element 2a basically have the same configuration, but differ in the configuration of the gas molecule adsorbing material 3a provided in the compensation thermal resistance element 2a.
- the gas molecule adsorbing material 3a is a material having an adsorptivity different from that of the porous gas molecule adsorbing material 3, and inactivated molecular sieve 3A of A-type zeolite is used.
- the inactivated molecular sieve 3A hardly adsorbs gas molecules, but has the same physical properties as the molecular sieve 3A provided in the sensing resistance element 2 and has the same thermal properties.
- the heat capacity is almost the same.
- FIG. 12 is a connection diagram for characteristic detection of the gas detection device
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a thermal resistance element.
- the same or corresponding portions as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
- the gas detection device 10 is a heating or cooling element 8 as a temperature control element for heating or cooling the gas sensor 1, that is, the heat sensitive resistance element 2 and the gas molecule adsorbing material 3, Are connected and provided.
- the temperature control circuit 9 controls the temperature of the heating or cooling element 8 so that the heating / cooling pattern can be arbitrarily set.
- a resistor or a thermoelectric element is used as a typical heating or cooling element.
- the resistance value of the heat-sensitive resistance element 2 may change depending on temperature, which may make control difficult. In such a case, the heating / cooling control can be effectively functioned.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 in the first embodiment.
- the gas molecule adsorbing material 3 is provided on the protective insulating layer 24 as a film, and the heating or cooling element 8 is provided on the back side of the substrate 21.
- a thermistor may be used as the heating or cooling element 8.
- the heating or cooling element 8 can be applied not only to an element having a single function of heating or cooling but also to an element having both a heating or cooling function. Therefore, specifically, it can be referred to as a heating and / or cooling element.
- the gas sensor and the gas detection apparatus are not limited to the detection target gas, and hydrogen (H 2 ), water vapor (water molecules) (H 2 O), helium (He) and ammonia (NH 3 ) Etc. can be detected and applied to various devices such as medical devices, automobiles, home appliances, OA devices, food storage devices and the like.
- the device to which it is specially applied is not limited.
- a porous metal complex can be used for the porous gas molecule adsorbing material.
- Porous metal complexes are a new group of substances that cross the boundary between organic and inorganic compounds by utilizing metal complexes. "Coordination polymer (especially, porous coordination polymer with usable nano-sized space, porous coordination polymer; PCP) or metal-organic framework (MOF)" is attracting attention as a new material ing.
- PCP porous coordination polymer with usable nano-sized space, porous coordination polymer
- MOF metal-organic framework
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Abstract
Description
このようなガス検出装置にあっては、低温下でのガス検出感度や検出対象とするガスを選択するというガス選択性の向上が必要である。
かかる発明により熱容量が小さくなることで高感度、かつ熱応答性の優れたガスセンサが実現可能となる。
かかる発明によりセンサの総厚が薄くなり熱容量が小さくなることで高感度、かつ熱応答性の優れたガスセンサが実現可能となる。
かかる発明により熱容量が小さくなることで高感度、かつ熱応答性の優れたガスセンサが実現可能となる。
かかる発明によりセンサの総厚が薄くなり熱容量が小さくなることで高感度、かつ熱応答性の優れたガスセンサが実現可能となる。
サーミスタを用いることでサーミスタ特有の熱暴走現象を利用でき、ガスセンサを高感度にすることが可能となる。
ガスセンサを一定の温度に保つことで、いろいろな温度に関する外乱要素を少なくすることが可能となりガスセンサを高感度にすることができる。
請求項8に記載のガスセンサは、請求項7に記載のガスセンサにおいて、前記加熱及び/又は冷却素子は、熱電素子であることを特徴とする。
請求項14に記載のガス検出方法は、請求項13に記載のガス検出方法において、前記一定の温度は、10℃以下であることを特徴とする。
ガスセンサの温度を下げることで、センサが敏感となり微量なガスを検知することが可能となる。
請求項15に記載のガスセンサを備えた装置は、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサが備えられていることを特徴とする。
請求項16に記載のガス検出装置を備えた装置は、請求項9に記載されたガス検出装置が備えられていることを特徴とする。
このような極薄の基板21を感熱抵抗素子2に用いることで、熱容量が小さくなり高感度で、かつ熱応答性の優れたガスセンサ1が実現可能となる。
検出回路部10aは、筐体の中に回路部品が収納されており、前面側には表示パネル10pが設けられていて、電線によってガスセンサ1が接続されている。
さらに、感熱抵抗素子2の熱暴走現象を利用することにより微量の水素(H2)ガスの濃度を検出することが可能となる。
2・・・・検知用感熱抵抗素子
2a・・・補償用感熱抵抗素子
3・・・・ガス分子吸着部材
3a・・・異なる吸着性を有する材料
4・・・・ベース部材
5・・・・外装ケース
8・・・・加熱及び/又は冷却素子
10・・・ガス検出装置
10a・・検出回路部
12・・・マイコン
17・・・電源回路
18・・・加熱及び/又は冷却装置(温度コントロールユニット)
21・・・基板
22・・・導電層
22b・・リード部
23・・・薄膜素子層
24・・・保護絶縁層
42・・・導電端子部
51・・・通気部
Te・・・熱電素子
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも一対の電極を有する感熱抵抗素子と、
前記感熱抵抗素子に介在物がなく溶接された状態で接続されたリード部と、
前記感熱抵抗素子と熱的に結合されるとともに、加熱により特定のガス分子が脱離される多孔性のガス分子吸着材料と、
を具備することを特徴とするガスセンサ。 - 前記リード部は、熱伝導率が5W/m・K~25W/m・K、断面積が0.001mm2~0.03mm2であり、かつ溶接可能な材料で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスセンサ。
- 前記感熱抵抗素子は、基板に薄膜素子層が成膜されて形成されており、前記基板の厚さ寸法は10μm~100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のガスセンサ。
- 前記多孔性のガス分子吸着材料は、前記感熱抵抗素子の表面に成膜されて形成されており、前記成膜された多孔性のガス分子吸着材料の厚さ寸法は1μm~5μmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサ。
- 前記リード部は、箔状のリードフレーム形状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサ。
- 前記感熱抵抗素子は、サーミスタであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサ。
- 前記ガスセンサを一定の温度に保持する加熱及び/又は冷却素子を具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサ。
- 前記加熱及び/又は冷却素子は、熱電素子であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサと、
前記ガスセンサを一定の温度に保持する加熱及び/又は冷却装置を具備することを特徴とするガス検出装置。 - 少なくとも一対の電極を有する感熱抵抗素子と、前記感熱抵抗素子に介在物がなく溶接された状態で接続されたリード部と、前記感熱抵抗素子と熱的に結合されるとともに、加熱により特定のガス分子が脱離される多孔性のガス分子吸着材料とを備えたガスセンサのガス検出方法であって、
前記ガスセンサを一定の温度に保持するステップと、
前記多孔性のガス分子吸着材料を加熱状態とする加熱ステップと、
前記加熱による前記感熱抵抗素子の出力の変化によって特定のガスを検出する検出ステップと、
を具備することを特徴とするガス検出方法。 - 請求項10に記載のガス検出方法において、特定のガスを検出するために、予め基準となるガスの出力の測定が行われることを特徴とするガス検出方法。
- 前記検出ステップでは、前記予め基準となるガスの出力の測定結果と特定のガスの出力の測定結果との比較により、特定のガスの濃度を検出することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のガス検出方法。
- 前記加熱ステップでは、前記感熱抵抗素子に過電力を供給して、前記感熱抵抗素子を熱暴走状態にすることを特徴とする請求項10乃至請求項12のいずれか一項に記載のガス検出方法。
- 前記一定の温度は、10℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のガス検出方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項に記載のガスセンサが備えられていることを特徴とするガスセンサを備えた装置。
- 請求項9に記載されたガス検出装置が備えられていることを特徴とするガス検出装置を備えた装置。
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