WO2017188415A1 - 窓部材および車両用窓ガラス - Google Patents

窓部材および車両用窓ガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017188415A1
WO2017188415A1 PCT/JP2017/016864 JP2017016864W WO2017188415A1 WO 2017188415 A1 WO2017188415 A1 WO 2017188415A1 JP 2017016864 W JP2017016864 W JP 2017016864W WO 2017188415 A1 WO2017188415 A1 WO 2017188415A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass plate
radio wave
glass
region
window member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/016864
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
加賀谷　修
大 椎名
康太郎 榎本
和洋 中野
Original Assignee
旭硝子株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 旭硝子株式会社 filed Critical 旭硝子株式会社
Priority to EP17789696.6A priority Critical patent/EP3450231B1/en
Priority to JP2018514723A priority patent/JP6904338B2/ja
Priority to CN201780026206.3A priority patent/CN109070704B/zh
Publication of WO2017188415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017188415A1/ja
Priority to US16/172,770 priority patent/US10960646B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
    • B32B5/142—Variation across the area of the layer
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/008—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor of special shape, e.g. beveled edges, holes for attachment, bent windows, peculiar curvatures such as when being integrally formed with roof, door, etc.
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
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    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
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    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • B60R11/0205—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for radio sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • B60R11/0264—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
    • B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
    • B60R2011/0026—Windows, e.g. windscreen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93276—Sensor installation details in the windshield area
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24777—Edge feature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a window member.
  • a radar is provided in front of the vehicle body (for example, a front grill), and a stereo camera is provided in the vicinity of the windshield of the vehicle body.
  • a radar that measures the inter-vehicle distance from the preceding car may be placed close to the stereo camera or integrated into the vehicle interior (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the radar wave is attenuated by reflection and absorption by the glass plate constituting the windshield.
  • a radio wave having a short wavelength is used.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses an on-vehicle radar device that suppresses a decrease in the efficiency of transmission and reception of radar radio waves.
  • a technique for improving the efficiency of both reflection and transmission by appropriately setting the incident angle on the glass is used.
  • a surface of a glass substrate that is applied not only to automobiles but also to buildings is covered with a transparent dielectric layer (excluding an aluminum nitride layer) is coated with an Ag layer made of a continuous layer, and heat-treated. The glass which changed and produced
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-051284 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-071916 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-344548
  • the present invention provides a window member that improves radio wave transmissivity of signals transmitted and received by information devices such as radar and communication equipment.
  • the window member of the present invention is a window member including a transparent substrate, and in a plan view of the window member, the transparent substrate itself has a first region and a radio wave transmittance higher than that of the first region. Including high second region.
  • the window member according to an aspect of the present invention includes the transparent substrate including a first glass plate and a second glass plate bonded to the first glass plate via an intermediate film.
  • the second glass plate has a non-overlapping portion that does not overlap with the first glass plate in at least a part of the edge, and in the non-overlapping portion, A second region is defined.
  • a radio wave transmitting material having a radio wave transmittance higher than that of the first region is disposed in the non-overlapping portion.
  • the radio wave transmitting material has a convex portion that protrudes in the thickness direction of the transparent substrate, and the first glass plate has a concave portion that fits the convex portion. Is formed.
  • the window member which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is a non-overlapping part arrange
  • a radio wave transmitting material having a radio wave transmissivity higher than that of the first region is disposed in the non-overlapping portion of the first glass plate and the second glass plate. ing.
  • a hole penetrating at least part of the thickness direction is formed in the second glass plate, and the second region is defined in the hole.
  • a radio wave transmitting material having a radio wave transmittance higher than that of the first region is disposed in the hole.
  • a hole penetrating the first glass plate, the intermediate film, and the second glass plate is formed, and the second region is defined in the hole.
  • a radio wave transmitting material having a radio wave transmittance higher than that of the first region is disposed in the hole.
  • the first region is defined by a single glass plate, and the second region is disposed adjacent to at least a part of an edge of the glass plate, It is defined by a radio wave transmitting material having a radio wave transmissivity higher than that of the first region.
  • the radio wave transmitting material is at least one of resin, low alkali glass, non-alkali glass, and quartz glass.
  • the window member of the present invention provides, for example, a vehicle window glass.
  • the frequency of the radio wave transmitted through the vehicle window glass is, for example, 76 GHz to 81 GHz.
  • the window member of the present invention includes the first region in plan view and the second region having a radio wave transmittance higher than that of the first region, the radio wave permeability of the signal transmitted and received by the information device is improved. be able to.
  • FIG. 1 is a key map showing the state where the window glass for vehicles which is one embodiment of a window member was attached to vehicles.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion S in FIG. 1, and is a perspective view showing a portion where a housing is attached to a vehicle window glass.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a portion corresponding to FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state in which a specific example of a window glass for a vehicle is disassembled into a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a radio wave transmitting material, and FIG. 4 (a) is shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 4B is a view showing the same example as the laminated glass, and FIG.
  • FIG. 4B is a non-overlap in which the second glass plate protrudes in a plan view together with a non-overlapping portion that does not overlap the first glass plate along the edge. It is a figure which shows the example which has a part.
  • FIG. 5 shows a specific example of a vehicle window glass that is disassembled into a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a radio wave transmitting material
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the example which exhibits arc shape
  • FIG.5 (b) is a figure which shows the example in which the lower edge of a non-overlapping part exhibits linear form. 6 shows various shapes in cross-sectional view of the non-overlapping portion and the radio wave transmitting material
  • FIG. 5 shows a specific example of a vehicle window glass that is disassembled into a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a radio wave transmitting material
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the example which exhibits arc shape
  • FIG.5 (b) is a figure which shows the example
  • FIG. 6 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the same example as the laminated glass shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 6B shows an example in which the radio wave transmitting material has a convex portion that protrudes in the thickness direction of the vehicle window glass, and the first glass plate has a concave portion that fits the convex portion. It is sectional drawing.
  • FIG. 7 is an example similar to FIG. 6B, where the radio wave transmitting material has a plurality of rows of convex portions, and the first glass plate has a plurality of rows of concave portions that fit into the convex portions. It is sectional drawing which shows the example which is.
  • FIG. 6B shows an example in which the radio wave transmitting material has a convex portion that protrudes in the thickness direction of the vehicle window glass, and the first glass plate has a concave portion that fits the convex portion. It is sectional drawing.
  • FIG. 7 is an example similar to FIG. 6B, where the radio wave transmitting material has a
  • FIG. 8 shows a state in which a specific example of the window glass for a vehicle is disassembled into a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a radio wave transmitting material
  • FIG. FIG. 8B is a diagram showing an example in which the non-overlapping part of the first glass plate and the non-overlapping part of the second glass plate have the same shape in plan view
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the example in which the non-overlapping part of a glass plate has a different shape by planar view.
  • FIG. 9 shows various shapes in a cross-sectional view of a non-overlapping portion and a radio wave transmitting material for a specific example of a window glass for a vehicle
  • FIG. 9 (a) is a laminated glass shown in FIG. 8 (a).
  • FIG. 9 (b) is an example in which an adhesive is further added to both surfaces of the joint portion
  • FIG. 9 (c) is an example of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 8 (b).
  • FIG. 9D is an example in which a thin glass plate is attached to the surface of the radio wave transmitting material on the first glass plate side in the example of FIG. 9A.
  • 10 shows a specific example of the second glass plate in the laminated glass 20 of another embodiment
  • FIG. 10 (a) shows an example having a rectangular hole and a radio wave transmitting material in plan view
  • FIG. (B) shows an example having a trapezoidal hole and a radio wave transmitting material similar to FIG. 4 (a) in plan view
  • FIG. 10 (c) shows a perfect circular hole and radio wave transmitting material in plan view.
  • FIG. 10 (d) shows an example having trapezoidal holes and radio wave transmitting materials that are upside down from FIG. 4 (a) in plan view.
  • FIG. 11 shows various shapes in the sectional view of the hole of the window glass for vehicles and the radio wave transmitting material in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 11A shows an example in which the shape of the hole is the same in the sectional direction.
  • 11 (b) shows an example in which the shape of the hole gradually expands (in a tapered shape) in the cross-sectional direction from the second glass plate to the first glass plate, and
  • FIG. 11 (d) shows an example in which the second glass plate is formed only in a part in the thickness direction, and FIG. 11 (d) shows that the hole penetrates the first glass plate, the intermediate film, and the second glass plate.
  • FIG. 11 shows various shapes in the sectional view of the hole of the window glass for vehicles and the radio wave transmitting material in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 11A shows an example in which the shape of the hole is the same in the sectional direction.
  • FIG. 11 (e) shows an example in which the shape of the hole is the same in the cross-sectional direction as in (a), while FIG. 11 (e) shows that the hole penetrates the first glass plate, the intermediate film, and the second glass plate.
  • the shape of the through-hole is from the second glass plate to the first glass plate.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 13 (a) and 13 (b) are diagrams showing a modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an example in which a radio wave transmitting material is bonded to the edge of one glass plate.
  • FIG. 15 shows the conceptual diagram which shows the state by which the window glass for buildings which is other embodiment of a window member was attached to the building
  • FIG.15 (a) is in the area
  • FIG. 15B is an example in which the second region is formed
  • FIG. 15B is an example in which the second region is formed in the region on one side of the building window glass. These are examples in which the second region is formed in the corner region of the window glass for buildings.
  • Drawing 1 is a key map showing the state where the window glass for vehicles which is one embodiment of a window member was attached to vehicles.
  • the vehicle window glass (window member) 1 functions as a windshield mounted in an opening 110 formed in front of a vehicle 100 such as an automobile.
  • a housing (case) 10 in which an information device is housed is attached to the vehicle window glass 1 on the surface inside the vehicle in order to ensure the traveling safety of the vehicle.
  • the information device is a device that uses a camera, a radar, or the like to make a collision with a forward vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, etc. existing in front of the vehicle, to prevent a collision or to inform the driver of the danger, for example, an information receiving device and / or An information transmission device or the like, which includes a millimeter wave radar, a stereo camera, an infrared laser, etc., and transmits and receives signals.
  • the “signal” is an electromagnetic wave including millimeter waves, visible light, infrared light, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion S in FIG. 1 and is a perspective view showing a portion where the housing 10 is attached to the vehicle window glass 1.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a millimeter wave radar 201 and a stereo camera 202 as the information device 200.
  • the laminated glass 20 as a transparent substrate which is a structural member of the vehicle window glass 1, itself has a first area A and a first area A in plan view.
  • the second region B having a high radio wave transmittance.
  • the “plan view” refers to a projection view from the thickness direction of the laminated plate.
  • the housing 10 housing the information device 200 is positioned closer to the vehicle outer side than the rearview mirror 150 when viewed from the vehicle inner side, and is adhered to the vehicle window glass 1. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the rearview mirror 150 is attached to the indoor ceiling of the vehicle 100, but may be attached to the vehicle window glass 1 in the same manner as the housing 10.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the portion of FIG.
  • a laminated glass (transparent substrate) 20 constituting the vehicle window glass 1 includes a first glass plate 21, a second glass plate 22, and between the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22. And an intermediate film 23 interposed. That is, the second glass plate 22 is bonded to the first glass plate 21 via the intermediate film 23.
  • the second glass plate 22 includes a first main surface 24 disposed on the side opposite to the intermediate film 23.
  • the method for producing the laminated glass 20 includes a float method and a fusion method, but is not particularly limited.
  • the composition of the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 used in the present embodiment is expressed in mol% on the basis of oxide, 50 to 80% of SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 is 0-10%, Al 2 O 3 is 0.1-25%, Li 2 O + Na 2 O + K 2 O is 3-30%, MgO is 0-25%, CaO is 0-25%, and SrO is 0- A glass containing 5%, BaO 0 to 5%, ZrO 2 0 to 5% and SnO 2 0 to 5% may be mentioned, but is not particularly limited.
  • the composition of the intermediate film 23 may be one generally used for conventional laminated glass for vehicles, and for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetal (EVA), or the like can be used. Moreover, you may use the thermosetting resin which is a liquid before a heating. That is, the intermediate film 23 only needs to be layered when the laminated glass 20 is used, and the intermediate film 23 may be in a liquid state before the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 are joined. .
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetal
  • the housing 10 includes a substrate 11, a standing wall 12 that is substantially perpendicular to the substrate 11, and a side wall 13 (see FIG. 2), and the information device 200 is fixed on the substrate 11.
  • An opening edge 14 formed by one edge of each of the substrate 11, the standing wall 12, and the side wall 13 abuts on the first main surface 24 of the second glass plate 22, and the first main surface 24 (more precisely, the bonding portion 15). It adheres to the surface of the radio wave transmitting material 30 continuous from the first main surface 24 to be described later.
  • the housing 10 is made of a general resin or the like, but the material is not particularly limited.
  • the information device 200 is accommodated in a space defined by the substrate 11, the standing wall 12, the side wall 13 and the laminated glass 20 of the housing 10.
  • Storage of the information device 200 may be achieved by providing a part in which the standing wall 12 and / or the substrate 11 can be opened and closed. Further, a part of the standing wall 12 and / or the substrate 11 may be cut out, and the information device 200 may be accommodated through the cut-out portion.
  • the standing wall 12 and / or the substrate 11 may include a claw portion (not shown) that fixes the position of the information device 200, and the stored information device 102 may be supported by the claw portion. Further, another device such as a rain sensor can be arranged in the housing 10.
  • the 2nd glass plate 22 has the non-overlapping part 22a which does not overlap with the 1st glass plate 21 in the at least one part of the edge part. That is, in the present embodiment, the area of the second glass plate 22 is smaller than the area of the first glass plate 21 by a region corresponding to the non-overlapping portion 22a in plan view.
  • a plate-shaped radio wave transmitting material 30 made of, for example, a resin is disposed in the non-overlapping portion 22a.
  • region B is demarcated in the said non-overlapping part 22a.
  • the intermediate film 23 is also deleted corresponding to the non-overlapping portion 22a.
  • a material such as a resin constituting the radio wave transmitting material 30 has a radio wave transmissivity higher than that of a general glass material constituting the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22.
  • the transmittance is higher than that of the first region A. That is, the second region B where the radio wave transmitting material 30 exists instead of the second glass plate 22 has a higher radio wave than the first region A where the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 exist. It has transmittance (the radio wave transmittance of the first area A ⁇ the radio wave transmittance of the second area B).
  • the housing 10 is attached to a predetermined position of the vehicle window glass 1 such that at least a part of radio waves transmitted and received by the stored information device 200 passes through the second region B.
  • region B point out a different area
  • the second region B has a high radio wave transmittance, the loss of radio waves can be suppressed particularly when the millimeter wave radar 201 transmits and receives radio waves (millimeter waves).
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 has little reflection and passage absorption of radio waves, and can suppress loss due to both reflection and passage absorption.
  • the resin constituting the radio wave transmitting material 30 includes ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), fluorine resin, polycarbonate, COP (cycloolefin polymer resin), and SPS (syndiotactic polystyrene). Resin) and modified PPE (modified polyphenylene ether), but are not particularly limited.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 may be made of a material other than so-called resin such as carbon fiber, and is not limited.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 is preferably made of a material having a low dielectric constant, a low tan ⁇ (dielectric loss tangent; ⁇ is a loss angle), and particularly a low dielectric loss.
  • a low dielectric constant for example, low alkali glass, non-alkali glass, quartz glass, and the like have a smaller dielectric loss than general glass, and thus can be applied as a material constituting the radio wave transmitting material 30.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state in which a specific example of the laminated glass 20 that is the window glass 1 for a vehicle is disassembled into a first glass plate 21, a second glass plate 22, and a radio wave transmitting material 30.
  • Various shapes in plan view of the radio wave transmitting material 30 are shown.
  • FIG. 4A is the same as the laminated glass 20 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the second glass plate 22 is not overlapped with the first glass plate 21 at a part of the edge. It has a portion 22a.
  • FIG. 4B is another example of the laminated glass 20, in which the second glass plate 22 has a non-overlapping portion 22 a that does not overlap the first glass plate 21 along the edge, and is further flat. It has the non-overlapping part 22b which protruded visually.
  • FIG. 5A is another example of the laminated glass 20, and the second glass plate 22 has a non-overlapping portion 22 a that does not overlap the first glass plate 21 along the edge portion.
  • the lower edge of the portion 22a has an arc shape.
  • FIG.5 (b) is another example of the laminated glass 20, and the 2nd glass plate 22 has the non-overlapping part 22a which does not overlap with the 1st glass plate 21 along an edge, and does not overlap.
  • the lower edge of the portion 22a has a linear shape.
  • FIG. 6 shows various shapes of cross-sectional views of the non-overlapping portion 22a and the radio wave transmitting material 30 with respect to specific examples of the laminated glass 20 that is the window glass 1 for a vehicle.
  • FIG. 6A is the same as the laminated glass 20 shown in FIGS.
  • an adhesive layer 40 for bonding the radio wave transmitting material 30 to the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 is shown.
  • a polyimide or the like is used for the adhesive of the adhesive layer 40, but is not particularly limited.
  • the adhesive layer 40 is not essential, and is unnecessary when the radio wave transmitting material 30 itself has a property of adhering to the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22.
  • FIG. 6B is another example of the laminated glass 20, in which the radio wave transmitting material 30 has a convex portion 33 protruding in the thickness direction of the laminated glass 20 that is the window glass 1 for a vehicle, and the first glass.
  • the plate 21 is formed with a concave portion 21 b that fits with the convex portion 33.
  • FIG. 7 is an example similar to the laminated glass 20 of FIG. 6B, and the radio wave transmitting material 30 has a plurality of rows of convex portions 35 protruding in the thickness direction of the laminated glass 20 that is the vehicle window glass 1.
  • the first glass plate 21 is formed with a plurality of rows of concave portions 21 b that fit into the convex portions 35.
  • the joining strength is further improved by the engagement between the plurality of rows of convex portions 35 and the concave portions 21b.
  • two rows of convex portions 35 and concave portions 21b are shown in FIG. 7, the number of rows of the convex portions 35 and the concave portions 21b is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 8 shows a state in which a specific example of another embodiment of a laminated glass 20 that is a window glass 1 for a vehicle is disassembled into a first glass plate 21, a second glass plate 22, and a radio wave transmitting material 30.
  • the non-overlapping part 21a of the 1st glass plate 21, the non-overlapping part 22a of the 2nd glass plate 22, and the various shapes in planar view of the electromagnetic wave transmission material 30 are shown. That is, in this example, not only the second glass plate 22 but also the first glass plate 21 is continuous in the thickness direction with the non-overlapping portion 22a of the second glass plate 22 in at least a part of the edge. It has the non-overlapping part 21a arrange
  • the non-overlapping portion 21a of the first glass plate 21 and the non-overlapping portion 22a of the second glass plate 22 are overlapped in whole or in part, and integrally define a region having a high radio wave transmittance. Yes. Furthermore, the radio wave transmitting material 30 is disposed on both the non-overlapping portions 21a and 22a.
  • the non-overlapping part 21a of the first glass plate 21 and the non-overlapping part 22a of the second glass plate 22 have the same shape in plan view, They are overlapping.
  • FIG. 8B is another example of the laminated glass 20, and the non-overlapping part 21a of the first glass plate 21 and the non-overlapping part 22a of the second glass plate 22 have the same shape in plan view.
  • the non-overlapping part 21a is smaller than the non-overlapping part 22a in plan view, and the entire non-overlapping part 21a and a part of the non-overlapping part 22a overlap.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 includes a first radio wave transmitting part 30a whose shape matches that of the non-overlapping part 21a, and a second radio wave transmitting part 30b whose shape matches that of the non-overlapping part 22a.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 is disposed on both the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22, and the radio wave transmittance of the second region B is further improved.
  • FIG. 9 shows various shapes of the laminated glass 20 that is the window glass 1 for a vehicle, in particular, various shapes in a cross-sectional view of the non-overlapping portion 22a and the radio wave transmitting material 30.
  • FIG. 9A corresponds to the cross section of the laminated glass 20 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9B shows an example in which the adhesive 60 is further added to the surfaces of both surfaces in the joining portion in the example of FIG. 9A, and the joining strength is improved.
  • FIG. 9C corresponds to the cross section of the laminated glass 20 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9D is a view in which a thin glass plate 70 is attached to the surface of the radio wave transmitting material 30 on the first glass plate 21 side in the example of FIG. 9A.
  • FIG. 10 shows a specific example of the second glass plate 22 in the laminated glass 20 of another embodiment.
  • the second glass plate 22 is formed with a hole 22c that penetrates through at least part of the thickness direction. That is, the hole 22c is formed inside the second glass plate 22 in plan view. A second area B is defined in the hole 22c.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 is disposed in the hole 22c.
  • FIG. 10A shows an example of the rectangular hole 22c and the radio wave transmitting material 30 in plan view.
  • FIG. 10B shows an example of the trapezoidal hole 22c and the radio wave transmitting material 30 similar to those in FIG.
  • FIG. 10C shows an example of the perfect hole 22 c and the radio wave transmitting material 30 in plan view.
  • FIG. 10D shows an example of the trapezoidal hole 22c and the radio wave transmitting material 30 that are upside down from FIG.
  • the shape is not limited to a perfect circle shape, and may be an elliptical shape, an oval shape (eg, an egg shape, a rounded rectangle).
  • FIG. 11 shows various shapes of the laminated glass 20 that is the window glass 1 for a vehicle, in particular, various shapes in a sectional view of the hole 22c and the radio wave transmitting material 30.
  • FIG. 11A shows an example in which the shape of the hole 22c is the same in the cross-sectional direction.
  • FIG. 11B shows an example in which the shape of the hole 22c gradually (tapered) in the cross-sectional direction from the second glass plate 22 toward the first glass plate 21.
  • the hole 22c is formed so as to extend over the entire thickness direction of the second glass plate 22. That is, the hole 22 c is a through hole penetrating the second glass plate 22.
  • the hole 22c is formed only in a part in the thickness direction of the second glass plate 22 and does not completely penetrate the second glass plate 22.
  • the hole 22 c has a shape of a recess formed on the surface of the second glass plate 22.
  • the hole 22c is formed only in a part in the thickness direction of the second glass plate 22 and the radio wave transmitting material 30 is formed only in a part in the thickness direction of the second glass plate 22,
  • the transmittance is improved as compared with the first region A.
  • the hole 22c is formed so as to penetrate the first glass plate 21, the intermediate film 23, and the second glass plate 22. That is, the hole 22c is a through hole that penetrates the laminated glass 20 that is the window glass 1 for a vehicle. A second area B is defined in the hole 22c. Further, a radio wave transmitting material 30 is disposed in the hole 22c.
  • FIG. 11D shows an example in which the shape of the hole 22c is the same in the cross-sectional direction, as in FIG. In FIG. 11 (e), the shape of the hole 22 c gradually (tapered) in the cross-sectional direction from the second glass plate 22 toward the first glass plate 21, as in FIG. 11 (b). An example is shown.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 is disposed in the hole 22c, but the radio wave transmitting material 30 is not necessarily disposed.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 is not disposed in the hole 22c, in the normal specification, the air occupies the hole 22c, but the radio wave transmittance of air is higher than the radio wave transmittance of glass.
  • the second region B is defined. In other words, air plays the same role as the radio wave transmitting material 30.
  • FIG. 12 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG. Unlike FIG. 3, in this example, the intermediate film 23 is also formed in the second region B, and the radio wave transmitting material 30 is formed on the intermediate film 23 and the second glass plate 22 via the adhesive layer 40. It is glued. Further, by reducing the thickness of the radio wave transmitting material 30, the thickness t2 of the second region B is smaller than the thickness t1 of the first region A. The radio wave transmittance can be improved by reducing the thickness of the second region B as in this example. As a method of reducing the thickness t2 of the second region B, the thickness of the first glass plate 21 may be reduced, or the intermediate film 23 is omitted and the radio wave transmitting material 30 is directly connected to the first glass plate 21.
  • the glass plate 21 may be adhered. Further, by using a resonance phenomenon or the like, it is possible to increase the thickness of the second region B and improve the radio wave permeability. That is, it is conceivable that the first region A and the second region B have different thicknesses.
  • the method for attaching the housing 10 to the vehicle window glass 1 is not particularly limited.
  • the housing 10 is attached to the vehicle window glass 1 by the adhesive portion 15.
  • a claw or the like may be provided on the housing 10 and hooked on a recess formed in the vehicle window glass 1.
  • the housing 10 may be attached to another place inside the vehicle 100 instead of the vehicle window glass 1.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 is provided with a through-hole 30c to improve radio wave transmission and reduce weight.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 may be provided with a through hole 30c.
  • the laminated glass 20 is used for the vehicle window glass 1, and it is assumed that the first glass plate 21, the intermediate film 23, and the second glass plate 22 exist. Yes.
  • the idea of the present invention is also applied to a single glass plate.
  • FIG. 14 shows such an example.
  • one glass plate is constituted only by the first glass plate 21, and the first region A is defined by the one glass plate (first glass plate 21).
  • region B is arrange
  • the first glass plate 21 and the radio wave transmitting material 30 are bonded by the adhesive layer 40, and the first glass plate 21 and the radio wave transmitting material 30 themselves are the first area and the second area.
  • a transparent substrate containing is formed.
  • Such a vehicle window glass 1 can be used as a rear glass mounted on an opening formed at the rear of the vehicle, for example.
  • region B is formed by forming the hole penetrated over the at least one part of the thickness direction with respect to the 1st glass plate 21 of 1 sheet. It may be defined.
  • the radio wave transmitting material 30 may be provided in this hole.
  • the frequency of the radio wave transmitted through the vehicle window glass 1 is not particularly limited.
  • the frequency band used by the millimeter wave radar 201 described in the embodiment is, for example, 76 GHz to 81 GHz.
  • the vehicle window glass 1 of the present invention has the performance of efficiently transmitting radio waves having such a frequency.
  • the second region B is formed in the vicinity of the upper edge of the opening 110 of the vehicle 100.
  • the second region B is formed in the plan view of the vehicle window glass 1.
  • the formation position of B is arbitrary.
  • the formation position of the second region B can be set according to the position where the information device 200 such as the millimeter wave radar 201 is disposed.
  • FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram which shows the state by which the window glass for buildings which is other embodiment of a window member was attached to the building.
  • the building window glass (window member) 1A functions as a window glass formed on the wall surface of the building 300 such as a building and attached to the opening 310 surrounded by the frame 305.
  • the window glass 1A for building has the 1st area
  • Each region can be realized by a configuration similar to that of the vehicle window glass 1.
  • Fig.15 (a) is an example in which the 2nd area
  • the second region B is formed in the region
  • FIG. 15C is an example in which the second region B is formed in the corner region of the building window glass 1A.
  • next generation communication such as 5G and WiGig (registered trademark)
  • studies using a high-frequency band are in progress, and the influence of the glass plate when transmitting and receiving such high-frequency band wireless communication inside the building 300 Expected to grow.
  • configuring the entire surface of the glass plate with a material having a high radio wave transmittance may cause various problems from the viewpoint of the influence of radio waves on the human body. Therefore, as in this embodiment, by increasing the radio wave transmittance of only a part of the building window glass 1A (the radio wave transmittance of the second region B), while solving a potential problem. It is possible to cope with future changes in the communication band of wireless communication.
  • the vehicle window glass of the present invention can improve the radio wave transmission of signals transmitted and received by an information device such as a millimeter wave radar, and is suitable for a vehicle window glass that contributes to improving the driving performance of the vehicle such as safety. Used for.
  • Vehicle window glass (window member) 1A Window glass for buildings (window members) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Housing 11 Board

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

車両用窓ガラス（１）である窓部材は透明基板を備え、当該窓部材の平面視において、透明基板のそれ自身に、第１の領域（Ａ）と、当該第１の領域（Ａ）よりも電波透過率の高い第２の領域（Ｂ）と含む。

Description

窓部材および車両用窓ガラス
　本発明は、窓部材に関する。
　近年、レーダーを用いて車両の周囲の物体を検出する技術を利用して、衝突回避、運転補助、自動運転等の研究が行われており、レーダーによる検出とカメラ画像との双方を利用して、より高度な検出技術も開発されている。ここで、一般的な自動車では、レーダーは車体の前方（例えばフロントグリル）等、ステレオカメラは車体のフロントガラスの近傍等に設けられる。
　また、前の車との車間距離を測るレーダーが、ステレオカメラと近接配置されたり、一体化して車室内に配置されることがある（例えば特許文献１参照）。レーダー装置を車室内に設けた場合、フロントガラスを構成するガラス板による反射および吸収により、レーダー波は減衰する。特に分解能を高めるため、レーダーに用いられる周波数帯のような高周波数帯（例えばミリ波）では、波長の短い電波を利用するため、電波が通過するガラス板からの影響が大きくなる。
　上記のような事情を鑑み、特許文献２は、レーダー電波の送受信の効率の低下を抑制する車載用レーダー装置を開示している。本レーダー装置では、ガラスへの入射角度を適切に設定することにより、反射と透過の両方の効率を向上させる技術が用いられている。また、特許文献３は、自動車のみならず建造物にも適用されるガラス基板上に透明誘電体層（窒化アルミ層を除く）を被覆した表面に連続層よりなるＡｇ層を被覆し、熱処理することにより粒状よりなるＡｇ層に変化生成させたガラスを開示している。
日本国特開２０１４－０５１２８４号公報 日本国特開２０１６－０７１９１６号公報 日本国特開２０００－３４４５４８号公報
　しかしながら、上述した様な従来の技術では、電波がガラス板を透過する際の効率については考慮されていない。
　また、次世代通信である５ＧやＷｉＧｉｇ（Wireless Gigabit）（登録商標）等でも高周波帯域を用いる検討が進められており、同様に効率について考慮する必要性がある。
　本発明は、レーダーや通信機器の如き情報デバイスが送受信する信号の電波透過性を向上させる窓部材を提供する。
　本発明の窓部材は、透明基板を備える窓部材であって、当該窓部材の平面視において、前記透明基板のそれ自身に、第１の領域と、当該第１の領域よりも電波透過率の高い第２の領域と含む。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記透明基板が、第１のガラス板と、前記第１のガラス板と中間膜を介して貼り合わせられる第２のガラス板とを備える。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第２のガラス板が、縁部の少なくとも一部において前記第１のガラス板と重なり合わない非重複部を有し、当該非重複部において、前記第２の領域が画定される。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記非重複部に配置されている。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記電波透過材が、前記透明基板の厚み方向に突出する凸部を有するとともに、前記第１のガラス板には、前記凸部と嵌合する凹部が形成されている。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１のガラス板が、縁部の少なくとも一部において前記第２のガラス板の非重複部と厚み方向において連続する様に配置される非重複部を有する。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記第１のガラス板および前記第２のガラス板の前記非重複部に配置されている。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第２のガラス板において、厚み方向の少なくとも一部に渡って貫通する孔が形成され、当該孔において、前記第２の領域が画定される。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記孔に配置されている。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１のガラス板と、前記中間膜と、前記第２のガラス板を貫通する孔が形成され、当該孔において、前記第２の領域が画定される。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記孔に配置されている。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記第１の領域が１枚のガラス板により画定され、前記第２の領域が、前記ガラス板の縁部の少なくとも一部に隣接して配置され、前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材により画定される。
　本発明の一態様に係る窓部材は、前記電波透過材は樹脂、低アルカリガラス、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラスの少なくともいずれか一つである。
　本発明の窓部材により、例えば車両用窓ガラスが提供される。前記車両用窓ガラスを透過する電波の周波数は、例えば７６ＧＨｚ～８１ＧＨｚである。
　本発明の窓部材は、平面視において第１の領域と、当該第１の領域よりも電波透過率の高い第２の領域とを含むため、情報デバイスが送受信する信号の電波透過性を向上させることができる。
図１は、窓部材の一実施形態である車両用窓ガラスが車両に取り付けられた状態を示す概念図である。 図２は、図１におけるＳ部分の拡大図であり、車両用窓ガラスにハウジングが取り付けられている部分を示す斜視図である。 図３は、図２に対応する部位の側面図である。 図４は、車両用窓ガラスの具体例を、第１のガラス板、第２のガラス板、電波透過材に分解した状態を示し、図４（ａ）は、図２、図３で示した合わせガラスと同じ例を示す図であり、図４（ｂ）は、第２のガラス板が、縁部に沿って第１のガラス板と重なり合わない非重複部とともに平面視で突出した非重複部を有する例を示す図である。 図５は、車両用窓ガラスの具体例を、第１のガラス板、第２のガラス板、電波透過材に分解した状態を示し、図５（ａ）は、非重複部の下縁が円弧状を呈する例を示す図であり、図５（ｂ）は、非重複部の下縁が直線状を呈する例を示す図である。 図６は、非重複部および電波透過材の断面視における種々の形状を示すものであり、図６（ａ）は、図２、図３で示した合わせガラスと同じ例を示す断面図であり、図６（ｂ）は、電波透過材が車両用窓ガラスの厚み方向に突出する凸部を有し、第１のガラス板には凸部と嵌合する凹部が形成されている例を示す断面図である。 図７は、図６（ｂ）と類似の例であり、電波透過材が複数列の凸部を有するとともに、第１のガラス板には凸部と嵌合する複数列の凹部が形成されている例を示す断面図である。 図８は、車両用窓ガラスの具体例を、第１のガラス板、第２のガラス板、電波透過材に分解した状態を示し、図８（ａ）は、第１のガラス板の非重複部と第２のガラス板の非重複部が、平面視で同じ形状を有している例を示す図であり、図８（ｂ）は、第１のガラス板の非重複部と第２のガラス板の非重複部が、平面視で異なる形状を有している例を示す図である。 図９は、車両用窓ガラスの具体例について、非重複部および電波透過材の断面視における種々の形状を示すものであり、図９（ａ）は、図８（ａ）で示した合わせガラスの断面に相当する例であり、図９（ｂ）はさらに接合部分における両面の表面に接着剤を追加した例であり、図９（ｃ）は、図８（ｂ）で示した合わせガラスの断面に相当する例であり、図９（ｄ）は、図９（ａ）の例において、さらに電波透過材の第１のガラス板側の表面に、薄ガラス板を貼付した例である。 図１０は、他の実施形態の合わせガラス２０における第２のガラス板の具体例を示し、図１０（ａ）は、平面視で長方形状の孔および電波透過材を有する例を示し、図１０（ｂ）は、平面視で図４（ａ）と同様な台形状の孔および電波透過材を有する例を示し、図１０（ｃ）は、平面視で真円形状の孔および電波透過材を有する例を示し、図１０（ｄ）は、平面視で図４（ａ）とは上下逆の台形状の孔および電波透過材を有する例を示す。 図１１は図４、車両用窓ガラスの孔および電波透過材の断面視における種々の形状を示すものであり、図１１（ａ）は、孔の形状が断面方向において同一な例を示し、図１１（ｂ）は、孔の形状が、第２のガラス板から第１のガラス板に向かう断面方向において、徐々に（テーパー状に）拡大する例を示し、図１１（ｃ）は、孔が第２のガラス板の厚み方向の一部のみに形成された例を示し、図１１（ｄ）は、孔が第１のガラス板と、中間膜と、第２のガラス板を貫通するように形成されつつ、（ａ）と同様に孔の形状が断面方向において同一な例を示し、図１１（ｅ）は、孔が第１のガラス板と、中間膜と、第２のガラス板を貫通するように形成されつつ、（ｂ）と同様に貫通孔の形状が第２のガラス板から第１のガラス板に向かう断面方向において、徐々に（テーパー状に）拡大する例を示す。 図１２は、図３の実施形態の変形例の側面図である。 図１３（ａ）、図１３（ｂ）は、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）の実施形態の変形例を示す図である。 図１４は、１枚のガラス板の縁部に電波透過材が接着された例の断面図である。 図１５は、窓部材の他の実施形態である建造物用窓ガラスが建造物に取り付けられた状態を示す概念図を示し、図１５（ａ）は、建造物用窓ガラスの上辺の領域に第２の領域が形成されている例であり、図１５（ｂ）は、建造物用窓ガラスの一側辺の領域に第２の領域が形成されている例であり、図１５（ｃ）は、建造物用窓ガラスの角部の領域に第２の領域が形成されている例である。
　以下、図面を参照して、本発明を実施するための最良の形態の説明を行う。図１は、窓部材の一実施形態である車両用窓ガラスが車両に取り付けられた状態を示す概念図である。本実施形態において、車両用窓ガラス（窓部材）１は、自動車等の車両１００の前方に形成された開口部１１０に装着されたフロントガラスとして機能する。
　また、本実施形態では、車両用窓ガラス１には、車両の走行安全を確保するために情報デバイスを収納したハウジング（ケース）１０が、車両内部側の表面に取り付けられている。情報デバイスは、カメラやレーダー等を用いて車両の前方に存在する前方車、歩行者、障害物等への追突、衝突防止やドライバーに危険を知らせるためのデバイスで、例えば情報受信デバイスおよび／又は情報送信デバイス等であり、ミリ波レーダー、ステレオカメラ、赤外線レーザー等が含まれ、信号の送受信を行う。当該「信号」とは、ミリ波、可視光、赤外光等を含む電磁波のことである。
　図２は、図１におけるＳ部分の拡大図であり、車両用窓ガラス１にハウジング１０が取り付けられている部分を示す斜視図である。ハウジング１０には、情報デバイス２００としてのミリ波レーダー２０１およびステレオカメラ２０２が設けられている。そして、後に詳しく説明するように、車両用窓ガラス１、特にその構成部材である透明基板としての合わせガラス２０は、それ自身が平面視において第１の領域Ａと、当該第１の領域Ａよりも電波透過率の高い第２の領域Ｂとを含む。なお、本明細書において、「平面視」とは、合わせ板の板厚方向からの投影視のことを指す。
　情報デバイス２００を収納したハウジング１０は、車内側から見て、バックミラー１５０よりも車外側寄りに位置し、車両用窓ガラス１に接着されている。図１に示すように、本実施形態ではバックミラー１５０は、車両１００の室内天井に取り付けられているが、ハウジング１０と同様に車両用窓ガラス１に取り付けられてもよい。
　図３は、図２の部分の側面図である。車両用窓ガラス１を構成する合わせガラス（透明基板）２０は、第１のガラス板２１と、第２のガラス板２２と、第１のガラス板２１と第２のガラス板２２との間に介在する中間膜２３とを備えている。即ち、第２のガラス板２２は、第１のガラス板２１と中間膜２３を介して貼り合わされる。また、第２のガラス板２２は、中間膜２３とは反対側に配置される第１主面２４を備える。
　合わせガラス２０を製造する方法にはフロート法、フュージョン法等があるが、特に限定されない。
　本実施形態で使用される第１のガラス板２１および第２のガラス板２２の組成の一例としては、酸化物基準のモル％で表示した組成で、ＳｉＯ２を５０～８０％、Ｂ２Ｏ３を０～１０％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を０．１～２５％、Ｌｉ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏを３～３０％、ＭｇＯを０～２５％、ＣａＯを０～２５％、ＳｒＯを０～５％、ＢａＯを０～５％、ＺｒＯ２を０～５％及びＳｎＯ２を０～５％含むガラスが挙げられるが、特に限定されない。
　中間膜２３の組成は、従来の車両用合わせガラスに一般に用いられるものでよく、例えばポリビニルブチラール（ＰＶＢ）やエチレンビニルアセタール（ＥＶＡ）等を用いることができる。また、加熱前は液状である熱硬化性樹脂を用いてもよい。すなわち、中間膜２３は合わせガラス２０とした状態の時に層状であればよく、第１のガラス板２１および第２のガラス板２２の接合前の状態で中間膜２３が液状などであっても良い。
　ハウジング１０は、基板１１と基板１１に略垂直な立壁１２、および側壁１３（図２参照）とを備え、基板１１上に情報デバイス２００が固定されている。基板１１、立壁１２、側壁１３それぞれの一縁によって形成される開口縁１４が、第２のガラス板２２の第１主面２４に当接し、接着部１５で第１主面２４（正確には後述する第１主面２４から連続した電波透過材３０の面）に接着される。ハウジング１０は一般的な樹脂などにより作成されるが、その材料は特に限定はされない。
　本実施形態では、ハウジング１０の基板１１、立壁１２、側壁１３と合わせガラス２０とで画定される空間内に情報デバイス２００が収納される。情報デバイス２００の収納は、立壁１２及び／又は基板１１の一部が開閉可能な部位を備えることにより達成されてよい。また、立壁１２及び／又は基板１１の一部がくり貫かれ、そのくり貫き部を介して情報デバイス２００を収納してもよい。立壁１２及び／又は基板１１が、情報デバイス２００の位置を固定する爪部（不図示）を備え、収納した情報デバイス１０２を爪部で支持してもよい。また、ハウジング１０には、レインセンサ等他のデバイスを配置することもできる。
　そして、特に本実施形態では、第２のガラス板２２が、その縁部の少なくとも一部において第１のガラス板２１と重なり合わない非重複部２２ａを有している。すなわち、本実施形態では、第２のガラス板２２の面積は、平面視において、非重複部２２ａに相当する領域の分だけ第１のガラス板２１の面積より小さい。また、非重複部２２ａには、例えば樹脂からなる板状の電波透過材３０が配置されている。そして、図３に示すように、当該非重複部２２ａにおいて、第２の領域Ｂが画定される。本実施形態では、非重複部２２ａに対応して中間膜２３も削除されている。
　電波透過材３０を構成する樹脂の如き材料は、第１のガラス板２１、第２のガラス板２２を構成する一般的なガラス材料よりも高い電波透過率を有するため、電波透過材３０の電波透過率は、第１の領域Ａよりも高い。すなわち、第２のガラス板２２の代わりに電波透過材３０が存在する第２の領域Ｂは、第１のガラス板２１および第２のガラス板２２が存在する第１の領域Ａよりも高い電波透過率を有する（第１の領域Ａの電波透過率＜第２の領域Ｂの電波透過率）。そして、ハウジング１０は、収納した情報デバイス２００が送受信する電波の少なくとも一部が、第２の領域Ｂを通過するような車両用窓ガラス１の所定の位置に取り付けられている。尚、第１の領域Ａ、第２の領域Ｂは、それぞれ合わせガラス２０の平面視で異なる領域を指すが、それぞれ合わせガラス２０の表面層などではなく、その本体を構成する領域として把握される。すなわち、第１の領域Ａ、第２の領域Ｂは、透明基板としての合わせガラス２０自身に分布しており、合わせガラス２０の平面視における所定の領域であって、かつ、それぞれの領域における厚みも含めて画定される（各領域の厚さの概念は後述する図１２の説明を参照）。合わせガラス２０の表面の一部のみによって、第１の領域Ａ、第２の領域Ｂが画定されるわけではない。
　第２の領域Ｂは高い電波透過率を有するため、特にミリ波レーダー２０１による電波（ミリ波）の送信および受信にあたって、電波の損失を抑制することができる。電波透過材３０は電波の反射及び通過吸収が少なく、反射及び通過吸収の双方による損失を抑制することができる。
　電波透過材３０を構成する樹脂にはＡＢＳ（acrylonitrile　butadiene　styrene；アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン）、ＰＶＣ（polyvinyl chloride；ポリビニルクロライド）、フッ素系樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ＣＯＰ（シクロオレフィンポリマー樹脂）、ＳＰＳ（シンジオタクチックポリスチレン樹脂）、変性ＰＰＥ（変性ポリフェニレンエーテル）などがあるが、特に限定はされない。また、電波透過材３０は、炭素繊維などいわゆる樹脂以外の素材によっても作成してもよく、限定はされない。特に電波透過材３０には、低誘電率、低ｔａｎδ（誘電正接；δは損失角）、特に誘電損失の小さい材料が好ましく用いられる。この観点から、例えば、低アルカリガラス、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラスなどは一般的なガラスに比べ誘電損失が小さいため、電波透過材３０を構成する素材として適用可能である。
　図４は、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の具体例を、第１のガラス板２１、第２のガラス板２２、電波透過材３０に分解した状態を示し、特に非重複部２２ａおよび電波透過材３０の平面視における種々の形状を示すものである。図４（ａ）は、図２、図３で示した合わせガラス２０と同じものであり、第２のガラス板２２が、縁部の一部において第１のガラス板２１と重なり合わない非重複部２２ａを有している。図４（ｂ）は、合わせガラス２０の他の例であり、第２のガラス板２２が、縁部に沿って第１のガラス板２１と重なり合わない非重複部２２ａを有し、さらに平面視で突出した非重複部２２ｂを有している。
　図５（ａ）は、合わせガラス２０の他の例であり、第２のガラス板２２が、縁部に沿って第１のガラス板２１と重なり合わない非重複部２２ａを有し、非重複部２２ａは下縁が円弧状を呈している。図５（ｂ）は、合わせガラス２０の他の例であり、第２のガラス板２２が、縁部に沿って第１のガラス板２１と重なり合わない非重複部２２ａを有し、非重複部２２ａは下縁が直線状を呈している。
　図６は、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の具体例について、特に非重複部２２ａおよび電波透過材３０の断面視における種々の形状を示すものである。図６（ａ）は、図２、図３で示した合わせガラス２０と同じものである。本図では、電波透過材３０を第１のガラス板２１および第２のガラス板２２に接着する接着剤層４０を示している。接着剤層４０の接着剤には、ポリイミドなどが用いられるが特に限定はされない。また、接着剤層４０は必須ではなく、電波透過材３０自体が第１のガラス板２１および第２のガラス板２２に接着する性質を持つ場合は不要である。
　図６（ｂ）は、合わせガラス２０の他の例であり、電波透過材３０が、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の厚み方向に突出する凸部３３を有するとともに、第１のガラス板２１には、凸部３３と嵌合する凹部２１ｂが形成されている。凸部３３と凹部２１ｂとの係合により、接合の強度が向上する。
　図７は、図６（ｂ）の合わせガラス２０と類似の例であり、電波透過材３０が、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の厚み方向に突出する複数列の凸部３５を有するとともに、第１のガラス板２１には、凸部３５と嵌合する複数列の凹部２１ｂが形成されている。複数列の凸部３５と凹部２１ｂとの係合により、接合の強度がさらに向上する。図７では２列の凸部３５と凹部２１ｂが示されているが、凸部３５、凹部２１ｂの列の数は特に限定はされない。
　図８は、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の他の実施形態の具体例を、第１のガラス板２１、第２のガラス板２２、電波透過材３０に分解した状態を示し、特に第１のガラス板２１の非重複部２１ａ、第２のガラス板２２の非重複部２２ａおよび電波透過材３０の平面視における種々の形状を示すものである。すなわち本例では、第２のガラス板２２のみならず、第１のガラス板２１が、縁部の少なくとも一部において、第２のガラス板２２の非重複部２２ａと厚み方向において連続する様に配置される非重複部２１ａを有する。すなわち、第１のガラス板２１の非重複部２１ａと、第２のガラス板２２の非重複部２２ａは、全体または一部において重なり合っており、一体的に電波透過率の高い領域を画定している。さらに、電波透過材３０が、非重複部２１ａ、２２ａの双方に配置されている。
　図８（ａ）の例では、第１のガラス板２１の非重複部２１ａと第２のガラス板２２の非重複部２２ａが、平面視で同じ形状を有しており、それぞれの全領域で重なり合っている。図８（ｂ）は、合わせガラス２０の他の例であり、第１のガラス板２１の非重複部２１ａと第２のガラス板２２の非重複部２２ａが、平面視で同じ形状を有しておらず、非重複部２１ａが非重複部２２ａより平面視で小さく、非重複部２１ａの全体と非重複部２２ａの一部が重なり合っている。そして、電波透過材３０が、非重複部２１ａと形状が合致する第１の電波透過部３０ａと、非重複部２２ａと形状が合致する第２の電波透過部３０ｂを有する。本実施形態では、第１のガラス板２１と第２のガラス板２２の双方に電波透過材３０が配置されており、第２の領域Ｂの電波透過率がさらに向上する。
　図９は、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の具体例について、特に非重複部２２ａおよび電波透過材３０の断面視における種々の形状を示すものである。図９（ａ）は、図８（ａ）で示した合わせガラス２０の断面に相当する。図９（ｂ）は、図９（ａ）の例において、さらに接合部分における両面の表面に接着剤６０を追加したものであり、接合強度を向上させたものである。図９（ｃ）は、図８（ｂ）で示した合わせガラス２０の断面に相当する。図９（ｄ）は、図９（ａ）の例において、さらに電波透過材３０の第１のガラス板２１側の表面に、薄ガラス板７０を貼付したものである。
　図１０は、他の実施形態の合わせガラス２０における第２のガラス板２２の具体例を示す。本形態では、第２のガラス板２２において、厚み方向の少なくとも一部に渡って貫通する孔２２ｃが形成されている。すなわち、孔２２ｃは、平面視において第２のガラス板２２の内側に形成されている。この孔２２ｃにおいて、第２の領域Ｂが画定される。尚、本例では電波透過材３０が、孔２２ｃに配置されている。
　図１０（ａ）は、平面視で長方形状の孔２２ｃおよび電波透過材３０の例を示す。図１０（ｂ）は、平面視で図４（ａ）と同様な台形状の孔２２ｃおよび電波透過材３０の例を示す。図１０（ｃ）は、平面視で真円形状の孔２２ｃおよび電波透過材３０の例を示す。図１０（ｄ）は、平面視で図４（ａ）とは上下逆の台形状の孔２２ｃおよび電波透過材３０の例を示す。図１０（ｃ）では、真円形状に限定されず、楕円形状、オーバル形状（卵型、角丸長方形等）等にしてもよい。
　図１１は、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の具体例について、特に孔２２ｃおよび電波透過材３０の断面視における種々の形状を示すものである。図１１（ａ）は、孔２２ｃの形状が断面方向において同一な例を示す。図１１（ｂ）は、孔２２ｃの形状が、第２のガラス板２２から第１のガラス板２１に向かう断面方向において、徐々に（テーパー状に）拡大する例を示す。
　図１０（ａ）～図１０（ｄ）、図１１（ａ）、図１１（ｂ）の例においては、孔２２ｃが第２のガラス板２２の厚み方向の全てに渡るように形成されている、すなわち、孔２２ｃが第２のガラス板２２を貫通する貫通孔である。一方、図１１（ｃ）の例では、孔２２ｃが第２のガラス板２２の厚み方向の一部のみに形成されており、第２のガラス板２２を完全には貫通していない例を示す。ここでは孔２２ｃは、第２のガラス板２２の表面に形成された凹みの形状を呈する。このように、孔２２ｃが第２のガラス板２２の厚み方向の一部のみに形成され、電波透過材３０が第２のガラス板２２の厚み方向の一部のみに形成されていても、電波透過率は第１の領域Ａに比べて向上する。
　図１１（ｄ）、図１１（ｅ）の例では、孔２２ｃが、第１のガラス板２１と、中間膜２３と、第２のガラス板２２を貫通するように形成されている。すなわち、孔２２ｃは、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０を貫通する貫通孔である。この孔２２ｃにおいて、第２の領域Ｂが画定される。さらに電波透過材３０が、孔２２ｃに配置されている。これらの例では、車両用窓ガラス１である合わせガラス２０の平面視形状が、図１０のようになる。また、図１１（ｄ）は、図１１（ａ）と同様に、孔２２ｃの形状が断面方向において同一な例を示す。図１１（ｅ）は、図１１（ｂ）と同様に、孔２２ｃの形状が、第２のガラス板２２から第１のガラス板２１に向かう断面方向において、徐々に（テーパー状に）拡大する例を示す。
　尚、図１０、図１１のいずれの例においても、電波透過材３０が孔２２ｃに配置されているが、電波透過材３０の配置は必須ではない。孔２２ｃに電波透過材３０を配置しない場合、通常の仕様においては、孔２２ｃを空気が占有することになるが、空気の電波透過率は、ガラスの電波透過率より高いため、この場合も、孔２２ｃにおいて、第２の領域Ｂが画定されることになる。逆に言えば、空気が電波透過材３０と同等の役割を果たす。
　図１２は、図３の実施形態の変形例である。図３とは異なり、本例では中間膜２３が、第２の領域Ｂにおいても形成されており、電波透過材３０が、接着剤層４０を介して中間膜２３および第２のガラス板２２に接着されている。また、電波透過材３０の厚みを薄くすることにより、第２の領域Ｂの厚さｔ２が、第１の領域Ａの厚さｔ１より小さくなっている。本例の様に第２領域Ｂの厚さを薄くすることにより、電波透過率を向上させることができる。第２の領域Ｂの厚さｔ２を減らす手法としては、第１のガラス板２１の厚さを減らしてもよく、また、中間膜２３を省略して、電波透過材３０を直接第１のガラス板２１に接着してもよい。また、共振現象などを利用することにより、第２の領域Ｂの厚さを厚くして電波透過性を向上させることも可能である。すなわち、第１の領域Ａと第２の領域Ｂとの厚さを異ならせることが考えられる。
　また、ハウジング１０を、車両用窓ガラス１に取り付ける手法は特に限定されない。実施形態では、ハウジング１０は、接着部１５で車両用窓ガラス１に取り付けられているが、例えばハウジング１０に爪等を設け、車両用窓ガラス１に形成した凹部などに引っ掛けてもよい。また、ハウジング１０を、車両用窓ガラス１ではなく、車両１００の内部の他の場所に取り付けてもよい。
　図１３（ａ）、図１３（ｂ）は、図４（ａ）、図４（ｂ）の実施形態の変形例である。本例では、電波透過材３０に貫通孔３０ｃが設けられており、電波透過性の向上と軽量化を図っている。また、図５～図１２の実施形態においても同様に、電波透過材３０に貫通孔３０ｃを設けてもよい。
　これまで述べた実施形態においては、車両用窓ガラス１に合わせガラス２０が使用され、第１のガラス板２１と、中間膜２３と、第２のガラス板２２が存在することが前提となっている。ただし、本発明の思想は、１枚のガラス板にも適用される。図１４はこのような例を示している。図１４では、１枚のガラス板が第１のガラス板２１のみによって構成され、第１の領域Ａが、当該１枚のガラス板（第１のガラス板２１）により画定される。そして、第２の領域Ｂが、第１のガラス板２１の縁部の少なくとも一部に隣接して配置され、第１の領域Ａ（すなわち第１のガラス板２１）よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材３０により画定される。本例では、第１のガラス板２１と電波透過材３０は、接着剤層４０により接着され、第１のガラス板２１と電波透過材３０によって、それ自身が第１の領域と第２の領域を含む透明基板が形成される。このような車両用窓ガラス１は、例えば車両の後方に形成された開口部に装着されるリアガラスとして用いられ得る。尚、図１０、図１１に示したように、１枚の第１のガラス板２１に対し、その厚み方向の少なくとも一部に渡って貫通する孔を形成することにより、第２の領域Ｂを画定してもよい。この孔に電波透過材３０を設けてもよい。
　車両用窓ガラス１を透過する電波の周波数は特に限定されない。実施形態で説明したミリ波レーダー２０１が用いる周波数帯域は、例えば７６ＧＨｚ～８１ＧＨｚである。本発明の車両用窓ガラス１は、このような周波数の電波を効率よく透過させる性能を持っている。
　また、実施形態の車両用窓ガラス１は、車両１００の開口部１１０の上縁付近において、第２の領域Ｂが形成されているが、車両用窓ガラス１の平面視において、第２の領域Ｂの形成位置は任意である。ミリ波レーダー２０１などの情報デバイス２００が配置される位置に応じて、第２の領域Ｂの形成位置は設定可能である。
　上述の実施形態は、窓部材が車両用窓ガラスに適用例他例である。しかしながら、本発明の窓部材は、車両用窓ガラスのみならず、建造物に利用される建造物用窓ガラスにも適用可能である。図１５は、窓部材の他の実施形態である建造物用窓ガラスが建造物に取り付けられた状態を示す概念図である。本実施形態において、建造物用窓ガラス（窓部材）１Ａは、ビルディング等の建造物３００の壁面に形成され、枠３０５によって囲まれた開口部３１０に装着された窓ガラスとして機能する。
　建造物用窓ガラス１Ａは、車両用窓ガラス１と同様に、第１の領域Ａおよび第２の領域Ｂを有しており、（第１の領域Ａの電波透過率＜第２の領域Ｂの電波透過率）が成立している。各領域は、車両用窓ガラス１と同様な構成によって実現可能である。図１５（ａ）は、建造物用窓ガラス１Ａの上辺の領域に第２の領域Ｂが形成されている例であり、図１５（ｂ）は、建造物用窓ガラス１Ａの一側辺の領域に第２の領域Ｂが形成されている例であり、図１５（ｃ）は、建造物用窓ガラス１Ａの角部の領域に第２の領域Ｂが形成されている例である。
　次世代通信である５ＧやＷｉＧｉｇ（登録商標）等では高周波帯域を用いる検討が進められており、建造物３００の内部でこのような高周波帯域の無線通信の送受信をする際、ガラス板の影響が大きくなることが予測される。しかしながら、ガラス板の全面を電波透過率の高い材料により構成することは、電波の人体に対する影響等の観点から種々の課題を生じさせる可能性がある。そこで、本実施形態のように、建造物用窓ガラス１Ａの一部の領域のみの電波透過率（第２の領域Ｂの電波透過率）を高くすることにより、潜在的な課題も解決しながら将来的な無線通信の通信帯域の変化にも対応することが可能となる。
　尚、本発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、適宜、変形、改良、等が可能である。その他、上述した実施形態における各構成要素の材質、形状、寸法、数値、形態、数、配置箇所、等は本発明を達成できるものであれば任意であり、限定されない。
　本出願は、２０１６年４月２７日出願の日本特許出願、特願２０１６－０８９８０４および特願２０１６－０８９８０６、２０１６年８月２５日出願の日本特許出願、特願２０１６－１６５０７６に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
　本発明の車両用窓ガラスは、ミリ波レーダーの如き情報デバイスが送受信する信号の電波透過性を向上させることが可能であり、安全性など車両の運転性能の向上に資する車両用窓ガラスに好適に用いられる。
１　　　車両用窓ガラス（窓部材）
１Ａ　　建造物用窓ガラス（窓部材）
１０　　ハウジング
１１　　基板
１２　　立壁
１３　　側壁
１４　　開口縁
１５　　接着部
２０　　合わせガラス（透明基板）
２１　　第１のガラス板
２２　　第２のガラス板
２２ａ　非重複部
２２ｃ　孔
２３　　中間膜
２４　　第１主面
３０　　電波透過材
１００　車両
２０１　ミリ波レーダー
２０２　ステレオカメラ
Ａ　　　第１の領域
Ｂ　　　第２の領域

Claims (15)

  1. 　透明基板を備える窓部材であって、
    　当該窓部材の平面視において、前記透明基板のそれ自身に、第１の領域と、当該第１の領域よりも電波透過率の高い第２の領域と含む、窓部材。
  2. 　前記透明基板が、第１のガラス板と、前記第１のガラス板と中間膜を介して貼り合わせられる第２のガラス板とを備える、請求項１に記載の窓部材。
  3. 　前記第２のガラス板が、縁部の少なくとも一部において前記第１のガラス板と重なり合わない非重複部を有し、当該非重複部において、前記第２の領域が画定される、請求項２に記載の窓部材。
  4. 　前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記非重複部に配置されている、請求項３に記載の窓部材。
  5. 　前記電波透過材が、前記透明基板の厚み方向に突出する凸部を有するとともに、前記第１のガラス板には、前記凸部と嵌合する凹部が形成されている、請求項４に記載の窓部材。
  6. 　前記第１のガラス板が、縁部の少なくとも一部において前記第２のガラス板の非重複部と厚み方向において連続する様に配置される非重複部を有する、請求項３に記載の窓部材。
  7. 　前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記第１のガラス板および前記第２のガラス板の前記非重複部に配置されている、請求項６に記載の窓部材。
  8. 　前記第２のガラス板において、厚み方向の少なくとも一部に渡って貫通する孔が形成され、当該孔において、前記第２の領域が画定される、請求項２に記載の窓部材。
  9. 　前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記孔に配置されている、請求項８に記載の窓部材。
  10. 　前記第１のガラス板と、前記中間膜と、前記第２のガラス板を貫通する孔が形成され、当該孔において、前記第２の領域が画定される、請求項２に記載の窓部材。
  11. 　前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材が、前記孔に配置されている、請求項１０に記載の窓部材。
  12. 　前記第１の領域が１枚のガラス板により画定され、
    　前記第２の領域が、前記ガラス板の縁部の少なくとも一部に隣接して配置され、前記第１の領域よりも高い電波透過率を有する電波透過材により画定される、請求項１に記載の窓部材。
  13. 　前記電波透過材は樹脂または低アルカリガラス、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラスの少なくともいずれか一つである、請求項４、５、７、９、１１のいずれか１項に記載の窓部材。
  14. 　請求項１から１３のいずれか１項に記載の窓部材により構成される車両用窓ガラス。
  15. 　前記車両用窓ガラスを透過する電波の周波数は、７６ＧＨｚ～８１ＧＨｚである、請求項１４に記載の車両用窓ガラス。
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CN109070704B (zh) 2021-10-08
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US20190061481A1 (en) 2019-02-28
CN109070704A (zh) 2018-12-21
EP3450231A4 (en) 2019-12-25
JP6904338B2 (ja) 2021-07-14
US10960646B2 (en) 2021-03-30
JPWO2017188415A1 (ja) 2019-03-14

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