WO2022205910A1 - 前挡玻璃和汽车 - Google Patents

前挡玻璃和汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205910A1
WO2022205910A1 PCT/CN2021/128770 CN2021128770W WO2022205910A1 WO 2022205910 A1 WO2022205910 A1 WO 2022205910A1 CN 2021128770 W CN2021128770 W CN 2021128770W WO 2022205910 A1 WO2022205910 A1 WO 2022205910A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarized light
glass
equal
signal transmission
wavelength
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/128770
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈志新
关金亮
蒋炳铭
Original Assignee
福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
Priority to EP21934546.9A priority Critical patent/EP4361115A1/en
Priority to CN202180100677.0A priority patent/CN117730068A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/128770 priority patent/WO2022205910A1/zh
Priority to KR1020247003529A priority patent/KR20240027796A/ko
Publication of WO2022205910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205910A1/zh

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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
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Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of automobiles, and in particular, to a front windshield and an automobile.
  • the laser wavelengths emitted by the lidar used on the vehicle are 905nm and 1550nm.
  • the advantage of the laser is that it is focused so that it will not diverge over a long distance, but it cannot bypass obstacles and will be affected by rain, fog, sand and other weather. Great distraction, doesn't even work. Therefore, it is necessary to fully integrate the lidar installed outside the vehicle in the prior art into the vehicle interior, especially the inner surface of the windshield.
  • the lasers emitted and received by the lidar installed in the car need to pass through the front windshield, and the wavelengths of 905nm and 1550nm belong to the near-infrared band.
  • the thermal comfort inside the vehicle makes the transmittance of the 905nm and 1550nm wavelengths of laser light through the front windshield low, which cannot meet the normal working requirements of lidar.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a front windshield and an automobile, so as to ensure the normal operation of the laser radar and improve the detection accuracy of the laser radar.
  • the present application provides a front windshield, which is installed on an automobile and used in cooperation with a lidar system located inside the automobile.
  • the lidar system is used for transmitting and/or receiving P-polarized light, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is ⁇ is in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1600 nm.
  • the front windshield includes an outer layer glass, an inner layer glass and an intermediate adhesive film, and the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass.
  • the windshield has a signal transmission area, the P-polarized light is incident on the signal transmission area at an incident angle ⁇ of 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, and the signal transmission area has the P-polarized light that is incident on the signal transmission area.
  • TL (380nm-780nm) is the transmittance of the signal transmission region to the P-polarized light in the wavelength range of 380nm-780nm
  • TL ( ⁇ ) is the transmission of the signal transmission region to the P-polarized light of wavelength ⁇ . Rate.
  • the signal transmission region has a relative coloring coefficient less than or equal to 0.04 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) is less than or equal to 0.028.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 1550 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) is less than or equal to 0.035.
  • the front windshield further includes a heat insulation film or an electric heating film, and the heat insulation film or the electric heating film is located between the outer glass and the inner glass, and the signal The heat insulating film or the electric heating film is not provided in the permeable area.
  • the windshield including the thermal insulation film has a total solar energy transmittance of less than or equal to 50%, and the windshield including the electric heating film has a value greater than or equal to 400W/m 2 for the heating power density.
  • the intermediate adhesive film includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ionic intermediate film.
  • the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass are both ultra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 0.015% wt. or equal to 91%.
  • the intermediate adhesive film is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area, and the first through hole is not filled with other materials or filled with infrared
  • the permeable material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the signal transmission region has a relative coloring coefficient of less than or equal to 0.02 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad.
  • the outer layer glass is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass
  • the inner layer glass is transparent glass or colored glass
  • the inner layer glass is provided with a second channel corresponding to the signal transmission area. hole; the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%; the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, the ultra-transparent glass has a total iron content of less than or equal to 0.015%wt, The visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the colored glass is greater than or equal to 0.5%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the colored glass is greater than 70%.
  • the intermediate adhesive film is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area, and the first through hole is not filled with other materials or filled with infrared
  • the permeable material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the central axes of the first through hole and the second through hole coincide, and the distance between the hole wall of the second through hole and the hole wall of the first through hole is b, -1mm ⁇ b ⁇ 2mm.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) is less than or equal to 0.05.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 1550 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) is less than or equal to 0.06.
  • the present application further provides an automobile, including a lidar system and any one of the above-mentioned front windshields, wherein the Lidar system is located inside the automobile, and is used for emitting the P-polarized light to the windshield.
  • the lidar system is installed inside the car, and the structure and material of the front windshield are designed to reduce the absorption and reflection attenuation of the P-polarized light by the windshield, so as to ensure that the front windshield can effectively protect the P-polarized light.
  • the high transmittance of P-polarized light avoids affecting the working efficiency of the lidar system. It can not only ensure the detection range of the lidar system, ensure the normal operation of the lidar system, improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system, but also ensure the aesthetics of the vehicle.
  • the car's inherent wiper system can be used to assist in cleaning the front windshield to improve the transparency of the light path detected by the lidar system.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of automobile provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the path of P-polarized light when the lidar system in the automobile shown in Fig. 1 is working;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the front windshield shown in FIG. 1 under an embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curve of the signal transmission area in the front glass adopted in Example 1 under different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380nm to 780nm;
  • Example 5 is the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curve of the signal transmission area in the front glass adopted in Example 1 under different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800nm to 1600nm;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the front windshield shown in FIG. 1 under another embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curve of the signal transmission area in the front windshield adopted in Example 4 and Example 6 under different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380nm to 780nm;
  • FIG. 8 is the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curve of the signal transmission area in the front windshield used in Example 4 and Example 6 under different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800nm to 1600nm.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an automobile 100 , where the automobile 100 includes a front windshield 110 and a lidar system 120 , and the lidar system 120 is located inside the automobile 100 .
  • the lidar system 120 is installed inside the car 120 .
  • the lidar system 120 may be installed near the interior rear view mirror (not shown) of the automobile 100 , may be installed on the interior surface of the front windshield 110 , or may be installed on the body frame.
  • the lidar system 120 includes a laser transmitter and a receiver.
  • the laser transmitter is used for emitting laser light for detection in the direction of the front windshield 110 , and the laser passes through the front windshield 110 to detect the target object, and the target object can reflect part
  • part of the laser light reflected by the target object passes through the windshield 100 and is received by the receiver.
  • the laser emitted by the laser transmitter is P-polarized light that has undergone polarization treatment, the P-polarized light is near-infrared light, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is between 800 nm and 1600 nm.
  • the wavelength of the P-polarized light may be 850 nm, 905 nm, 1060 nm, or 1550 nm, or the like.
  • the range of the field of view of the laser light emitted by the laser transmitter in the horizontal direction is between -60 degrees and 60 degrees, and the range in the vertical direction is between -15 degrees and 10 degrees.
  • the angle between the laser emitted by the center of the laser transmitter and the horizontal plane ranges from 0 degrees to 30 degrees.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the path of the P-polarized light when the lidar system 120 in the automobile shown in FIG. 1 works.
  • the straight line with the solid arrow in FIG. 2 is the path of the P-polarized light.
  • the lidar system 120 After the P-polarized light emitted by the laser transmitter in the lidar system 120 passes through the front windshield 110 , it reaches the target object 200 .
  • the target object partially reflects the P-polarized light, and the reflected P-polarized light passes through the front windshield 110 and returns to the target object 200 .
  • the lidar system 120 is received by the receiver, and the lidar system 120 thus obtains spatial information such as the distance and orientation between the target object 200 and the car 100, so as to effectively assist the driver to drive the vehicle safely.
  • the front windshield 110 is in the shape of a circular arc plate, and the front windshield 110 has an inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the angle of incidence (angle of incident, AOI) ⁇ of the P-polarized light is between 54 degrees and 70 degrees, that is, the angle of the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is the angle between the P-polarized light and the normal line O of the incident point.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of the front windshield 110 and the incident angle ⁇ are approximately complementary, that is, the sum of ⁇ and ⁇ is approximately 90 degrees, that is, the sum of ⁇ and ⁇ is approximately 1.57rad.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the front windshield 110 shown in FIG. 1 under an embodiment.
  • the front windshield 110 has a signal transmission area 111 , and the P-polarized light passes through the front windshield 110 through the signal transmission area 111 .
  • the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83%.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light incident at the incident angle ⁇ is less than or equal to 0.06.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (TL (380nm ⁇ 780nm) ⁇ TL ( ⁇ ) )/TL (380nm ⁇ 780nm) .
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the P-polarized light
  • TL ( ⁇ ) is the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of ⁇
  • TL (380nm-780nm) is the signal transmission region 111 to the wavelength in the range of 380nm ⁇ 780nm
  • the visible light transmittance of P-polarized light inside, TL (380nm-780nm) can be calculated according to ISO9050 standard.
  • the relative coloring coefficient of the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad is less than or equal to 0.04.
  • the front windshield 110 includes an outer glass 10 , an inner glass 20 , a heat insulating film 30 and an intermediate adhesive film 40 , the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are opposite to each other and are arranged at intervals, and the insulating film 30 and The intermediate adhesive films 40 are located between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 , the heat insulating film 30 is located on the surface of the outer glass 10 facing the inner glass 20 , and the intermediate adhesive film 40 covers the heat insulating film 30 .
  • the outer glass 10 is a component of the front windshield 110 facing the outside of the automobile 100
  • the inner glass 20 is a component of the front windshield 110 facing the interior of the automobile 100 .
  • Both the outer layer glass 10 and the inner layer glass 20 are ultra-transparent glass.
  • the total iron content (calculated as Fe 2 O 3 ) of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015% wt, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91% to ensure the visible light transmittance of the front glass 110 .
  • the iron ions of the ultra-transparent glass exist in the form of iron trioxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and iron oxide (FeO).
  • the thicknesses of the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both less than or equal to 2.3 mm, so as to ensure the overall strength of the front windshield 110 without increasing the weight of the automobile 100 .
  • the thickness of the outer layer glass 10 may be greater than or equal to the thickness of the inner layer glass 20 to ensure the outer strength of the front windshield 110 .
  • the insulating film 30 is made of a material with low emissivity.
  • the insulating film 30 can be made of fluorine-doped tin oxide (F-doped tin oxide, FTO).
  • F-doped tin oxide FTO
  • the insulating film 30 can be formed on the surface of the outer glass 10 by in-line deposition of fluorine-doped tin oxide.
  • the heat insulating film 30 may be made of indium tin oxide (ITO). In this case, the heat insulating film 30 may be formed on the surface of the outer glass 10 by off-line deposition of indium tin oxide.
  • the heat shield film can be made of a silver-based low-emissivity (LOW-E) material, in which case the heat shield film 30 can be formed on the surface of the outer glass 10 by off-line deposition of a silver-based low-emissivity material .
  • LOW-E silver-based low-emissivity
  • the thickness of the heat insulating film 30 is between 100 nm and 500 nm.
  • the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the heat insulating film 30 is less than or equal to 50%, so as to reduce the heat transfer between the interior and the exterior of the automobile 100 and ensure the heat insulating effect of the windshield 110 .
  • the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to 70% to ensure the visible light transmittance of the front windshield 110 .
  • the heat insulating film 30 is not provided in the signal transmission region 111 .
  • the heat insulating film 30 is provided with a light-passing hole 301 corresponding to the signal transmission region 111 , and the light-penetrating hole 301 penetrates the heat insulating film 30 along the thickness direction of the heat insulating film 30 .
  • the part of the thermal insulation film 30 corresponding to the signal transmission region 111 can be removed by means of laser engraving, or the thermal insulation film can be formed by depositing the thermal insulation film 30 by means of a shadow mask. 30 , so as to form the light-passing hole 301 while forming the heat insulating film 30 .
  • the diameter of the light-passing hole 101 may be equal to or greater than the diameter of the signal transmission region 111 . It can be understood that, since the thickness of the heat shield film 30 is in the nanometer level, the light-transmitting hole 301 may not be seen by naked eyes.
  • the front windshield 110 includes an electric heating film (not shown), and the electric heating film is not provided in the signal transmission area 111 .
  • the windshield 110 including the electric heating film has a heating power density greater than or equal to 400 W/m 2 .
  • the intermediate adhesive film 40 is bonded between the outer layer glass 10 and the inner layer glass 20 to realize the assembly between the outer layer glass 10 and the inner layer glass 20 .
  • the intermediate adhesive film 40 may be filled in the light-transmitting hole 301 .
  • the thickness of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is between 0.38 mm and 1.52 mm.
  • the intermediate adhesive film 40 includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionic intermediate film.
  • the intermediate adhesive film 40 is provided with a first through hole (not shown) corresponding to the signal transmission region 111 , and the first through hole can be filled with an infrared high-transmission material.
  • the infrared high transmittance material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer (POE), polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • POE polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the first through hole may not be filled with other materials.
  • the intermediate adhesive film 40 includes a light-transmitting portion 41 and an adhesive portion 42 .
  • the light-transmitting portion 41 corresponds to the signal transmission region 111 and the light-transmitting hole 301 , and the light-transmitting portion 41 is made of the above-mentioned infrared high transmittance material.
  • the material of the bonding portion 42 includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer polycarbonate
  • polymethyl methacrylate polymethyl methacrylate
  • the P-polarized light passes through the signal transmission area 111 and enters the external environment, that is, the P-polarized light is incident from the inner glass 20, and passes through the middle adhesive in turn.
  • the light is emitted from the outer glass 10 . From this, it can be seen that the material of the light-transmitting portion 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 can affect the transmittance of the P-polarized light in the signal transmission region 111 of the windshield 110 .
  • the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser transmitter of the lidar system 120 is 905 nm.
  • the light-transmitting portion 41 is made of polyvinyl butyral.
  • the light-transmitting portion 41 and the bonding portion 42 may be integrally formed.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is in the range of 0.942rad to 1.222rad
  • the relative coloring coefficients of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm are ⁇ (905 nm) , ⁇ (905 nm) Less than or equal to 0.028.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is less than or equal to 0.02.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light with wavelength ⁇ is, the higher the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light with wavelength ⁇ is.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is relatively small, so the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm.
  • the transmittance of the laser radar system is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the lidar system 120.
  • the angle of the incident angle ⁇ is between 0.942rad and 1.222rad. It can be seen from this that K 1 is less than or equal to 0.0153.
  • the change rate of the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm with respect to different incident angles ⁇ is small, and the dependence of the P-polarized light on the incident angle ⁇ is small, which is beneficial to improve the
  • the adaptability of the incident angle of the P-polarized light within a predetermined angle range further helps to improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system 110 .
  • the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are ordinary transparent glass original sheets, the thicknesses of the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both 2.1 mm, and the intermediate adhesive layer 40 It is made of polyvinyl butyral, and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 40 is 0.76 mm.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in Comparative Example 1 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is 0.1421.
  • the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both original ultra-transparent glass sheets, the thicknesses of the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both 2.1 mm, and the middle adhesive layer 40 It is made of polyvinyl butyral, and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 40 is 0.76 mm.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in Example 1 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is 0.0152.
  • Table 1 The transmittance of the signal transmission area of the windshield used in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm
  • the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% as negative (NG), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% as good (OK). Transmittance greater than or equal to 90% is regarded as good (GOOD) as the evaluation criterion. It should be understood that the traditional laser radar system requires at least 83%, or even 90%, of the transmittance of P-polarized light.
  • the transmittance of the front glass 110 used in Example 1 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is better than that of the front glass 100 used in Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 4 is the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curve of the signal transmission area in the front glass used in Example 1 at different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380nm to 780nm.
  • Inside. 5 is the spectral curve of the transmittance of P-polarized light in the signal transmission area of the front windshield adopted in Example 1 under different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm.
  • the abscissa is the wavelength of P-polarized light
  • the ordinate is the transmittance of P-polarized light
  • the incident angles are 0rad, 0.942rad, 1.047rad, and 1.222rad, respectively.
  • the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light in the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 1 is basically below 80%.
  • the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 in the front glass 110 used in Example 1 to the P-polarized light is basically above 83%, and the transmittance of some wavelength bands is between 90% and 95%.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) is less than or equal to 0.025, and the maximum change rate K 1 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.012. It can be seen from this that it is more beneficial to use the original ultra-transparent glass for both the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 to improve the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 in the front windshield 110 to P-polarized light.
  • the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser transmitter of the lidar system 120 is 1550 nm.
  • the infrared high transmittance material used in the light-transmitting portion 41 includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the adhesive portion 42 can also be made of the same material as the light-transmitting portion 41 , and the adhesive portion 42 and the light-transmitting portion 41 are integrally formed.
  • the relative coloring coefficients of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm are ⁇ (1550 nm) , ⁇ (1550 nm) Less than or equal to 0.035.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 0rad, that is, under the vertical incidence of the P-polarized light, the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.02.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is relatively small, and the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is relatively small.
  • the transmittance of the laser radar system is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the lidar system 120.
  • the angle of the incident angle ⁇ is between 0.942rad and 1.222rad. It can be seen from this that K 2 is less than or equal to 0.0264.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm has a small change rate with respect to the incident angle ⁇ at different angles, and the P-polarized light has a small angle dependence on the incident angle ⁇ . , which is beneficial to improve the adaptability of the incident angle of the P-polarized light within a predetermined angle range, thereby helping to improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system 110 .
  • the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both ordinary transparent glass original sheets, the thicknesses of the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both 2.1 mm, and the middle adhesive layer 40 It is made of polyvinyl butyral, and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 40 is 0.76 mm.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in Comparative Example 2 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.1361.
  • the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both super-transparent glass original sheets, the thickness of the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both 2.1 mm, and the intermediate adhesive layer 40
  • the middle light-transmitting part 41 is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the thickness of the middle adhesive layer 40 is 0.76 mm.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 used in Example 2 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.0178.
  • Table 2 The transmittance of the signal transmission area of the windshield used in Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm
  • the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% as bad (negative, NG), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% as good (OK). Transmittance greater than or equal to 90% is regarded as good (GOOD) as the evaluation criterion.
  • both the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are made of ultra-transparent glass original sheets, and the light-transmitting part 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, which is more conducive to improving the wavelength response of the front windshield 110 to Transmittance of P-polarized light at 1550 nm.
  • the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light in the front glass 110 used in Comparative Example 2 is basically below 80%, and the The transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 used in Example 2 to P-polarized light is basically above 83%, and the transmittance of some wavelength bands is between 90% and 95%.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) is less than or equal to 0.026, and the maximum change rate K 2 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.022.
  • the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both made of ultra-transparent glass original sheets, and the light-transmitting part 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, which is more conducive to improving the signal transmission in the front glass 110.
  • the transmittance of the region 111 to P-polarized light is more conducive to improving the signal transmission in the front glass 110.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the front windshield 110 shown in FIG. 1 under another embodiment.
  • the difference between the front glass 110 shown in this embodiment and the front glass 110 shown in the above embodiments is that the outer glass 10 can be transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner glass 20 can be transparent glass or tinted glass.
  • the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%, so as to ensure the visible light transmittance of the front windshield 110 .
  • the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015% wt, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%.
  • the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.5% wt.
  • the visible light transmittance of tinted glass is greater than 70%.
  • the intermediate adhesive film 40 is provided with a first through hole 401 .
  • the first through hole 401 corresponds to the signal transmission region 111 and communicates with the light through hole 301 .
  • the first through hole 401 is not filled with other materials.
  • the inner diameter of the first through hole 401 is smaller than the inner diameter of the light through hole 301, so as to prevent the heat insulating film 30 from being exposed to the air, protect the heat insulating film 30, prevent the silver ions in the heat insulating film 30 from reacting with the air, and ensure that the heat insulating film 30 is not exposed to the air. 30 thermal insulation.
  • the central axis of the first through hole 401 coincides with the central axis of the light through hole 301 .
  • the distance between the hole wall of the first through hole 401 and the hole wall of the light through hole 301 is a, and a is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the first through hole 401 can also be filled with infrared high-transmission materials, and the infrared high-transmission materials include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate at least one of them.
  • the inner glass layer 20 is provided with a second through hole 201 , and the second through hole 201 communicates with the first through hole 401 .
  • the central axis of the second through hole 201 coincides with the central axis of the first through hole 401 .
  • the distance between the hole wall of the second through hole 201 and the hole wall of the first through hole 401 is b, where b is greater than or equal to -1 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, and the sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the P-polarized light is incident from the second through hole 201 of the inner glass 20, and passes through the first through hole 401 and After passing through the light-passing hole 301 of the heat insulating film 30 , the light is emitted from the outer layer glass 10 . It can be seen from this that the material of the outer glass 10 can affect the transmittance of the P-polarized light by the signal transmission region 111 in the front windshield 110 .
  • the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser transmitter of the lidar system 120 is 905 nm.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is less than or equal to 0.05.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 0rad, that is, under the normal incidence of the P-polarized light
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is less than or equal to 0.04.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is small under different incident angles, so the signal transmission region 111 to the wavelength of 905 nm is small.
  • the transmittance of the P-polarized light is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the lidar system 120.
  • the incident angle ⁇ is between 0.942rad and 1.222rad. From this, it can be seen that K 3 is less than or equal to 0.0218.
  • the change rate of the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm with respect to different incident angles ⁇ is small, and the dependence of the P-polarized light on the incident angle is small, which is beneficial to improve the P-polarized light.
  • Example 3 the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in this embodiment to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is tested, and the test results are shown in Table 3 below. Show.
  • the outer glass 10 is transparent glass.
  • the outer glass 10 is ultra-transparent glass, and the thickness of the outer glass 10 is 2.1 mm.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front windshield 110 shown in Example 3 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is 0.0369.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front windshield 110 shown in Example 4 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is 0.0045.
  • Table 3 The transmittance of the signal transmission area of the front glass used in Example 3 and Example 4 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm
  • the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% as bad (negative, NG), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% as good (OK). Transmittance greater than or equal to 90% is regarded as good (GOOD) as the evaluation criterion.
  • the transmittances of the front glass 110 used in Examples 3 and 4 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm are both above 85%, even above 95%.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) is less than or equal to 0.049, and the maximum change rate K 3 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.018. More preferably, the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (905 nm) is less than or equal to 0.01, and the maximum change rate K 3 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.015.
  • the designs of the first through holes 401 and the second through holes 201 in Examples 3 and 4 are beneficial to improve the transmittance of the front windshield 110 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm.
  • the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser transmitter of the lidar system 120 is 1550 nm.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 0.942rad to 1.222rad
  • the relative coloring coefficient of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is ⁇ (1550 nm)
  • ⁇ (1550 nm) is less than or equal to 0.06.
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 0rad, that is, under the normal incidence of the P-polarized light
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.04.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is relatively small, and the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is relatively small.
  • the transmittance of the laser radar system is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the lidar system 120.
  • the incident angle ⁇ is between 0.942rad and 1.222rad. It can be seen from this that K 4 is less than or equal to 0.0332.
  • the change rate of the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm with respect to different incident angles ⁇ is small, and the dependence of the P-polarized light on the incident angle is small, which is beneficial to improve the P-polarized light.
  • the incident angle adaptability of the polarized light within a predetermined angle range further helps to improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system 110 .
  • Example 5 the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in this embodiment to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is tested.
  • the test results are shown in Table 4 below. Show.
  • the outer layer glass 10 of Example 5 is transparent glass, and the outer layer glass 10 of Example 6 is ultra-transparent glass. Under the normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in Example 5 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.0383. Under the normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) of the signal transmission region 111 in the front glass 110 shown in Example 6 to the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.0006.
  • Table 4 Transmittance of the signal transmission area of the windshield used in Examples 5 and 6 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm
  • the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% as negative (NG), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% as good (OK). Transmittance greater than or equal to 90% is regarded as good (GOOD) as the evaluation criterion.
  • the transmittances of the front glass 110 used in Examples 5 and 6 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm are both above 83%, even above 95%.
  • the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) is less than or equal to 0.055, and the maximum change rate K 4 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.03. More preferably, the relative coloring coefficient ⁇ (1550 nm) is less than or equal to 0.01, and the maximum change rate K 4 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.022.
  • the designs of the first through holes 401 and the second through holes 201 in Examples 5 and 6 are beneficial to improve the transmittance of the front windshield 110 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm.
  • FIG. 7 is the spectral curve of the P-polarized light transmittance at different incident angles in the signal transmission area of the front windshield used in Examples 4 and 6.
  • the wavelength of the P-polarized light is 380nm ⁇ 780nm range.
  • Fig. 8 is the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curve of the signal transmission region in the front windshield used in Example 4 and Example 6 under different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800nm to 1600nm.
  • the abscissa is the wavelength of the P-polarized light
  • the ordinate is the transmittance of the P-polarized light
  • the incident angles are 0rad, 0.942rad, 1.047rad, and 1.222rad, respectively.
  • the transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 to the P-polarized light in the front glass 110 used in Embodiments 4 and 6 is basically Above 88%, even above 95%. It can be seen from this that, when the incident angles are 0rad, 0.942rad, 1.047rad and 1.222rad, the design of the first through hole 401 and the second through hole 201 in the front windshield 110 is beneficial to improve the response of the windshield 110 to wavelengths of 905 nm and 905 nm. Transmittance of P-polarized light at 1550 nm.
  • the lidar system 120 is installed inside the automobile 100, and the structure and material of the windshield 110 are designed to reduce the absorption and reflection attenuation of the P-polarized light by the windshield 110, Ensuring the high transmittance of the front windshield 110 to P-polarized light and avoiding affecting the working efficiency of the lidar system 120 can not only ensure the detection range of the lidar system 120, but also ensure the aesthetics of the vehicle.
  • the windshield 110 can also be cleaned with the help of the wiper system inherent in the automobile 100 to improve the permeability of the light path detected by the lidar system 120 .

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Abstract

本实施例提供一种前挡玻璃和汽车，前挡玻璃与位于所述汽车内部的激光雷达系统配合使用，所述激光雷达系统向所述前挡玻璃发射和/或接收P偏振光，P偏振光的波长λ在800nm～1600nm波长范围内。所述前挡玻璃包括外层玻璃、内层玻璃和中间粘接膜，所述中间粘接膜均位于所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻璃之间。所述前挡玻璃具有信号透过区域，所述P偏振光以0.942rad～1.222rad的入射角θ入射至所述信号透过区域，所述信号透过区域对入射的所述P偏振光具有大于或等于83％的透过率，所述信号透过区域对以入射角θ入射的所述P偏振光具有小于或等于0.06的相对着色系数α (λ)。

Description

前挡玻璃和汽车 技术领域
本申请涉及汽车技术领域，尤其涉及一种前挡玻璃和汽车。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车越来越普遍化，如何保证汽车的行驶安全性成为亟需解决的重要问题。目前，汽车上往往装配有雷达系统来辅助驾驶员安全驾驶。例如根据《汽车驾驶自动化分级》标准分类，将自动驾驶级别分为L0(应急辅助)、L1(部分驾驶辅助)、L2(组合驾驶辅助)、L3(有条件自动驾驶)、L4(高度自动驾驶)、L5(完全自动驾驶)，目前行业内的主流共识是L2级别以上的车辆必须要安装有激光雷达(LiDAR)。
车辆上使用的激光雷达发射的激光波长为905nm和1550nm，激光的优势在于聚焦使在很长的距离上都不会发散，但这样就无法绕过障碍物，在雨雾、风沙等天气时会受到极大的干扰，甚至无法工作。因此，需要将现有技术中安装在车辆外部的激光雷达完全集成到车辆内部，尤其是安装在前挡玻璃的内表面。然而，安装于车内的激光雷达发射和接收的激光均需要穿过前挡玻璃，905nm和1550nm波长均属于近红外线波段，但现有前挡玻璃对近红外线有较高的阻隔率，以提高车辆内部的热舒适性，这就使得905nm和1550nm波长的激光穿过前挡玻璃的透过率低，无法满足激光雷达的正常工作要求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种前挡玻璃和汽车，以保证激光雷达的正常工作，提高激光雷达的探测精度。
本申请提供一种前挡玻璃，安装在汽车上，与位于所述汽车内部的激光雷达系统配合使用，所述激光雷达系统用于发射和/或接收P偏振光，所述P偏振光的波长λ在800nm～1600nm波长范围内。所述前挡玻璃包括外层玻璃、内层玻璃和中间粘接膜，所述中间粘接膜位于所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻璃之间。 所述前挡玻璃具有信号透过区域，所述P偏振光以0.942rad～1.222rad的入射角θ入射至所述信号透过区域，所述信号透过区域对入射的所述P偏振光具有大于或等于83％的透过率，所述信号透过区域对以入射角θ入射的所述P偏振光具有小于或等于0.06的相对着色系数α (λ)，其中，α (λ)＝(TL (380nm-780nm)-TL (λ))/TL (380nm-780nm)。
TL (380nm-780nm)为所述信号透过区域对380nm-780nm波长范围内的P偏振光的透过率，TL (λ)为所述信号透过区域对波长λ的P偏振光的透过率。
一种实施方式中，所述信号透过区域对以0rad的入射角入射的P偏振光具有小于或等于0.04的相对着色系数。
一种实施方式中，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝905nm，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.028。
一种实施方式中，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)的最大变化率K 1与所述入射角θ满足：K 1＝0.006*θ+0.008。
一种实施方式中，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝1550nm，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.035。
一种实施方式中，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)的最大变化率K 2与所述入射角θ满足：K 2＝0.02*θ+0.002。
一种实施方式中，所述前挡玻璃还包括隔热膜或电加热膜，所述隔热膜或所述电加热膜位于所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻璃之间，所述信号透过区域不设置所述隔热膜或所述电加热膜。
一种实施方式中，包括所述隔热膜的所述前挡玻璃具有小于或等于50％的总太阳能透过率，包括所述电加热膜的所述前挡玻璃具有大于或等于400W/m 2的加热功率密度。
一种实施方式中，所述中间粘接膜包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和离子性中间膜中的至少一种。
一种实施方式中，所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻璃均为超透明玻璃，所述超透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.015％wt，所述超透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于91％。
一种实施方式中，所述中间粘接膜设有与所述信号透过区域对应的第一通孔，所述第一通孔内不填充其他材料或填充红外高透材料，所述红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
一种实施方式中，所述信号透过区域对以0rad的入射角入射的P偏振光具有小于或等于0.02的相对着色系数。
一种实施方式中，所述外层玻璃为透明玻璃或超透明玻璃，所述内层玻璃为透明玻璃或着色玻璃，所述内层玻璃设有与所述信号透过区域对应的第二通孔；所述透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.08％，所述透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于88％；所述超透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.015％wt，所述超透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于91％；所述着色玻璃的总铁含量大于或等于0.5％wt，所述着色玻璃的可见光透过率大于70％。
一种实施方式中，所述中间粘接膜设有与所述信号透过区域对应的第一通孔，所述第一通孔内不填充其他材料或填充红外高透材料，所述红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
一种实施方式中，所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔的中心轴重合，所述第二通孔的孔壁与所述第一通孔的孔壁之间的距离为b，-1mm≤b≤2mm。
一种实施方式中，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝905nm，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.05。
一种实施方式中，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)的最大变化率K 3与所述入射角θ满足：K 3＝0.015*θ+0.0035。
一种实施方式中，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝1550nm，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.06。
一种实施方式中，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)的最大变化率为K 4与所述入射角θ满足：K 4＝0.028*θ-0.001。
本申请还提供一种汽车，包括激光雷达系统和上述任一种所述的前挡玻璃，所述激光雷达系统位于所述汽车内部，用于向所述前挡玻璃发射所述P偏振光。
本申请实施例所示汽车中，将激光雷达系统安装于汽车的内部，通过对前挡玻璃的结构和材料进行设计，减少前挡玻璃对P偏振光的吸收和反射衰减，保证前挡玻璃对P偏振光的高透过率，避免影响激光雷达系统的工作效率，不仅可以保证激光雷达系统的探测范围，保证激光雷达的正常工作，提高激光雷达系统的探测精度，还可以保证车辆美观性。此外，还可以借助汽车固有的雨刮系统辅助清洁前挡玻璃，提高激光雷达系统探测光路的通透性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种汽车的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示汽车中激光雷达系统工作时P偏振光的路径示意图；
图3是图1所示前挡玻璃在一种实施例下的剖面结构示意图；
图4是实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在380nm～780nm范围内；
图5是实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在800nm～1600nm范围内；
图6是图1所示前挡玻璃在另一种实施例下的剖面结构示意图；
图7是实施例4和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在380nm～780nm范围内；
图8是实施例4和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在800nm～1600nm范围内。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。
请参阅图1，图1是本申请实施例提供的一种汽车的结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供一种汽车100，汽车100包括前挡玻璃110和激光雷达系统120，激光雷达系统120位于汽车100内部。具体的，激光雷达系统120安装于汽车120内部。例如，激光雷达系统120可安装于汽车100的内后视镜(图未示)的附近，可以安装在前挡玻璃110的车内表面上，也可以安装在车身框架上。激光雷达系统120包括激光发射器和接收器，激光发射器用于向前挡玻璃110的方向发射用于探测的激光，所述激光穿过前挡玻璃110对目标物体进行探测，目标物体能够反射部分激光，经目标物体反射的部分激光再穿过前挡玻璃100由接收器接收。其中，激光发射器发射的激光为经过极化处理的P偏振光，P偏振光为近红外光，P偏振光的波长在800nm～1600nm之间。例如，P偏振光的波长可为850nm、905nm、1060nm或1550nm等。
此外，激光发射器发射激光的视场角在水平方向上的范围在-60度～60度之间，在垂直方向上的范围在-15度～10度之间。激光发射器的中心发射激光与水平面的夹角范围在0度～30度之间。
请参阅图2，图2是图1所示汽车中激光雷达系统120工作时P偏振光的路径示意图。其中，图2中带实心箭头的直线为P偏振光的路径。
激光雷达系统120中激光发射器发射的P偏振光穿过前挡玻璃110后，到达目标物体200，目标物体将P偏振光部分反射，反射后的P偏振光穿过前挡玻璃110后，返回激光雷达系统120，由接收器接收，激光雷达系统120由此获知 目标物体200与汽车100之间的距离和方位等空间信息，以有效辅助驾驶员安全驾驶车辆。
本实施例中，前挡玻璃110呈圆弧板状，前挡玻璃110具有倾斜角α。P偏振光的入射角(angle of incident，AOI)θ的角度在54度～70度之间，即P偏振光的入射角θ的角度在0.942rad～1.222rad之间。其中，P偏振光的入射角θ为P偏振光与入射点的法线O之间的夹角。示例性的，前挡玻璃110的倾斜角α与入射角θ之间大致呈互余关系，即α与θ之和大致呈90度，也即α与θ之和大致为1.57rad。
请参阅图3，图3是图1所示前挡玻璃110在一种实施例下的剖面结构示意图。
前挡玻璃110具有信号透过区域111，P偏振光经信号透光区域111穿过前挡玻璃110。本实施例中，信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率大于或等于83％。信号透过区域111对以入射角θ入射的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (λ)小于或等于0.06。其中，α (λ)＝(TL (380nm～780nm)-TL (λ))/TL (380nm～780nm)。λ为P偏振光的波长，TL (λ)为信号透过区域111对波长为λ的P偏振光的透过率，TL (380nm-780nm)为信号透过区域111对波长在380nm～780nm范围内的P偏振光的可见光透过率，TL (380nm-780nm)可按ISO9050标准计算。此外，信号透过区域111对以0rad的入射角入射的P偏振光的相对着色系数小于或等于0.04。
本实施例中，前挡玻璃110包括外层玻璃10、内层玻璃20、隔热膜30和中间粘接膜40，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20相对且间隔设置，隔热膜30和中间粘接膜40均位于外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20之间，隔热膜30位于外层玻璃10朝向内层玻璃20的表面，中间粘接膜40覆盖隔热膜30。其中，外层玻璃10是前挡玻璃110朝向汽车100外部的部件，内层玻璃20是前挡玻璃110朝向汽车100内部的部件。
外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均为超透明玻璃。超透明玻璃的总铁含量(以 Fe 2O 3计)小于或等于0.015％wt，超透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于91％，以保证前挡玻璃110的可见光透光率。需要说明的是，超透明玻璃的铁离子是以三氧化二铁(Fe 2O 3)和氧化铁(FeO)的形式存在。其中，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20的厚度均小于或等于2.3mm，以在不增加汽车100的重量的同时，保证前挡玻璃110的整体强度。此外，外层玻璃10的厚度可大于或等于内层玻璃20的厚度，以保证前挡玻璃110的外侧强度。
隔热膜30采用低辐射率的材料制成。比如，隔热膜30可采用氟掺杂氧化锡(F-doped tin oxide，FTO)制成，此时隔热膜30可通过在线沉积氟掺杂氧化锡的方式在外层玻璃10的表面形成。或者，隔热膜30可采用氧化铟锡(Indium tin oxide，ITO)制成，此时隔热膜30可通过离线沉积氧化铟锡的方式在外层玻璃10的表面形成。或者，隔热膜可采用银基的低辐射率(LOW-E)的材料制成，此时隔热膜30可通过离线沉积银基的低辐射率的材料的方式在外层玻璃10的表面形成。
隔热膜30的厚度在100nm～500nm之间。隔热膜30的总太阳能透过率(total transition solar，TTS)小于或等于50％，以减小汽车100内部和外部之间的热量传递，保证前挡玻璃110的隔热效果。可见光透光率大于或等于70％，以保证前挡玻璃110的可见光透光率。
本实施例中，信号透过区域111不设置隔热膜30。具体的，隔热膜30设有与信号透过区域111对应的通光孔301，通光孔301沿隔热膜30的厚度方向贯穿隔热膜30。示例性的，在沉积形成隔热膜30后，可通过激光雕刻的方式去除隔热膜30中与信号透过区域111相对应的部分，或者，可通过遮蔽掩膜的方式沉积形成隔热膜30，以在形成隔热膜30的同时形成通光孔301。其中，通光孔101的直径可等于或大于信号透过区域111的直径。可以理解的是，由于隔热膜30的厚度在纳米级别，通光孔301可能无法通过肉眼观察看到。
在其他一些实施例中，前挡玻璃110包括电加热膜(图未示)，信号透过区 域111不设置电加热膜。此时，包括电加热膜的前挡玻璃110具有大于或等于400W/m 2的加热功率密度。
中间粘接膜40粘接于外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20之间，以实现外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20之间的装配。示例性的，中间粘接膜40可填充于通光孔301内。本实施例中，中间粘接膜40的厚度在0.38mm～1.52mm之间。
本实施例中，中间粘接膜40包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和离子型中间膜中的至少一种。具体的，中间粘接膜40设有与信号透过区域111相对应的第一通孔(图未标)，第一通孔内可以填充红外高透材料。其中，红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体(POE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中的至少一种。在其他一些实施例中，第一通孔内也可以不填充其他材料。
一种实施方式中，中间粘接膜40包括通光部分41和粘接部分42。通光部分41与信号透过区域111和通光孔301相对应，通光部分41采用上文所述红外高透材料制成。其中，粘接部分42的材料包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。需要说明的是，通光部分41与通光孔301相对应是指，通光部分41在隔热膜30上的正投影覆盖通光孔301。
激光雷达系统120的激光发射器向前挡玻璃110发射P偏振光时，P偏振光穿过信号透过区域111射入外部环境，即P偏振光自内层玻璃20入射，依次穿过中间粘接膜40的通光部分41和隔热膜30的通光孔301后，自外层玻璃10出射。由此可知，中间粘接膜40的通光部分41的材料可对前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率产生影响。
一种实施方式中，激光雷达系统120的激光发射器发射的P偏振光的波长为905nm。通光部分41采用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成。通光部分41与粘接部分42可一体成型。本实施方式中，在P偏振光的入射角θ的角度在0.942rad～1.222rad 下，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数为α (905nm)，α (905nm)小于或等于0.028。在P偏振光的入射角θ的角度为0rad下，即在P偏振光垂直入射下，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.02。
由此可知，信号透过区域111对波长为λ的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (λ)越小，信号透过区域111对波长为λ的P偏振光的透过率越高。本实施方式中，在不同入射角度下，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)均较小，因此信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率均较高，可满足激光雷达系统120工作和探测距离要求。
此外，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)相对不同入射角θ的最大变化率为K 1，K 1＝0.006*θ+0.008。其中，入射角θ的角度在0.942rad～1.222rad之间。由此可知，K 1小于或等于0.0153。换言之，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)相对不同入射角θ的变化率较小，P偏振光对入射角θ的依赖性较小，有利于提高P偏振光在预定角度范围内的入射角适应性，进而有助于提高激光雷达系统110的探测精准度。
接下来，以对比例1和实施例1为例，对本实施方式所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率进行测试，测试结果如下表1所示。
对比例1所采用的前挡玻璃110中，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均为普通透明玻璃原片，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20的厚度均为2.1mm，中间粘接层40采用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成，中间粘接层40的厚度为0.76mm。其中，在P偏振光垂直入射下，对比例1所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)为0.1421。
实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃110中，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均为超透 明玻璃原片，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20的厚度均为2.1mm，中间粘接层40采用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成，中间粘接层40的厚度为0.76mm。其中，在P偏振光垂直入射下，实施例1所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)为0.0152。
表1：对比例1和实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃的信号透过区域对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率
Figure PCTCN2021128770-appb-000001
上表1中，以P偏振光的透过率小于83％为差(negative，NG)、P偏振光的透过率大于或等于83％且小于90％为好(OK)，P偏振光的透过率大于或等于90％为优(GOOD)为评价标准。应当理解的是，传统的激光雷达系统对P偏振光的透过率要求至少为83％，甚至在90％。
由表1可知，实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃110对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率优于对比例1所采用的前挡玻璃100。换言之，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均采用超透明玻璃原片更有利于提高前挡玻璃110对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率。
请参阅图4和图5，图4是实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在380nm～780nm范围内。图5是实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在800nm～1600nm范围内。图4和图5中，横坐标为P偏振光的波长，纵坐标为P偏振光的透过率，入射角度分别为 0rad、0.942rad、1.047rad和1.222rad。
从图5可知，在P偏振光的波长为800nm～1600nm范围内，在对比例1所采用的前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率基本上都在80％以下，而实施例1所采用的前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率基本上都在83％以上，而且部分波段的透过率在90％～95％之间。优选地，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.025，所述相对着色系数的最大变化率K 1小于或等于0.012。由此可知，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均采用超透明玻璃原片更有利于提高前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率。
另一种实施方式中，激光雷达系统120的激光发射器发射的P偏振光的波长为1550nm。通光部分41采用的红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。在其他一些实施方式中，粘接部分42也可以采用与通光部分41相同的材料制成，粘接部分42与通光部分41一体成型。本实施方式中，在P偏振光的入射角θ的角度在0.942rad～1.222rad下，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数为α (1550nm)，α (1550nm)小于或等于0.035。在P偏振光的入射角θ的角度为0rad下，即在P偏振光垂直入射下，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.02。
本实施方式下，在不同入射角度下，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数为α (1550nm)均较小，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率均较高，可满足激光雷达系统120工作和探测距离要求。
此外，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550)相对不同入射角θ的最大变化率为K 2，K 2＝0.02*θ+0.002。其中，入射角θ的角度在0.942rad～1.222rad之间。由此可知，K 2小于或等于0.0264。换言之，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)相对不同角度的入射角θ的变化率较小，P偏振光对入射角θ的角度的依赖性较小，有利于 提高P偏振光在预定角度范围内的入射角适应性，进而有助于提高激光雷达系统110的探测精准度。
接下来，以对比例2和实施例2为例，对本实施方式所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率进行测试，测试结果如下表2所示。
对比例2所采用的前挡玻璃110中，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均为普通透明玻璃原片，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20的厚度均为2.1mm，中间粘接层40采用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成，中间粘接层40的厚度为0.76mm。其中，在P偏振光垂直入射下，对比例2所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)为0.1361。
实施例2所采用的前挡玻璃110中，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均为超透明玻璃原片，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20的厚度均为2.1mm，中间粘接层40中通光部分41采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物制成，中间粘接层40的厚度为0.76mm。其中，在P偏振光垂直入射下，实施例2所采用的前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)为0.0178。
表2：对比例2和实施例2所采用的前挡玻璃的信号透过区域对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率
Figure PCTCN2021128770-appb-000002
上表2中，以P偏振光的透过率小于83％为差(negative，NG)、P偏振光的透过率大于或等于83％且小于90％为好(OK)，P偏振光的透过率大于或等于 90％为优(GOOD)为评价标准。
由表2可知，实施例2所采用的前挡玻璃110对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率优于对比例2所采用的前挡玻璃100。换言之，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均采用超透明玻璃原片、且中间粘接膜40中通光部分41采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物制成更有利于提高前挡玻璃110对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率。
由表2可知，在P偏振光的波长为1550nm时，在对比例2所采用的前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率基本上都在80％以下，而实施例2所采用的前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率基本上都在83％以上，而且部分波段的透过率在90％～95％之间。优选地，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.026，所述相对着色系数的最大变化率K 2小于或等于0.022。由此可知，外层玻璃10和内层玻璃20均采用超透明玻璃原片且中间粘接膜40中通光部分41采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物更有利于提高前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率。
请参阅图6，图6是图1所示前挡玻璃110在另一种实施例下的剖面结构示意图。
本实施例所示前挡玻璃110与上述实施例所示前挡玻璃110的不同之处在于，外层玻璃10可为透明玻璃或超透明玻璃，内层玻璃20可为透明玻璃或着色玻璃。其中，透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.08％wt，透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于88％，以保证前挡玻璃110的可见光透光率。超透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.015％wt，超透明玻璃的可见光透光率大于或等于91％。着色玻璃的总铁含量大于或等于0.5％wt。着色玻璃的可见光透过率大于70％。
此外，中间粘接膜40设有第一通孔401，第一通孔401与信号透过区域111相对应，且与通光孔301连通。其中，第一通孔401内不填充其他材料。第一通孔401的内径比通光孔301的内径小，以防止隔热膜30暴露于空气中，保护 隔热膜30，避免隔热膜30中的银离子与空气反应，保证隔热膜30的隔热效果。其中，第一通孔401的中心轴与通光孔301的中心轴重合。第一通孔401的孔壁与通光孔301的孔壁之间的距离为a，a大于或等于3mm。
在其他一些实施例中，第一通孔401也可以填充红外高透材料，所述红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
内层玻璃20设有第二通孔201，第二通孔201与第一通孔401连通。其中，第二通孔201的中心轴与第一通孔401的中心轴重合。第二通孔201的孔壁与第一通孔401的孔壁之间的距离为b，b大于或等于-1mm且小于或等于2mm，且a与b的和大于或等于3mm。
激光雷达系统120的激光发射器向前挡玻璃110发射P偏振光时，P偏振光自内层玻璃20的第二通孔201入射，依次穿过中间粘接膜40的第一通孔401和隔热膜30的通光孔301后，自外层玻璃10出射。由此可知，外层玻璃10的材料可对前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率产生影响。
一种实施方式中，激光雷达系统120的激光发射器发射的P偏振光的波长为905nm。本实施方式中，在P偏振光的入射角度θ在0.942rad～1.222rad下，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.05。在P偏振光的入射角度θ为0rad下，即在P偏振光垂直入射下，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.04。由此可知，本实施方式中，在不同入射角度下，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)均较小，因此信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率均较高，可满足激光雷达系统120工作和探测距离要求。
此外，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)相对不同入射角θ的最大变化率为K 3，K 3＝0.015*θ+0.0035。其中，入射角度θ 在0.942rad～1.222rad之间。由此可知，K 3小于或等于0.0218。换言之，信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)相对不同入射角度θ的变化率较小，P偏振光对入射角度的依赖性较小，有利于提高P偏振光在预定角度范围内的入射角适应性。
接下来，以实施例3和实施例4为例，对本实施方式所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率进行测试，测试结果如下表3所示。
实施例3所采用的前挡玻璃110中，外层玻璃10为透明玻璃。实施例4所采用的前挡玻璃110中，外层玻璃10为超透明玻璃，外层玻璃10的厚度为2.1mm。其中，在P偏振光垂直入射下，实施例3所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)为0.0369。其中，在P偏振光垂直入射下，实施例4所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为905nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (905nm)为0.0045。
表3：实施例3和实施例4所采用的前挡玻璃的信号透过区域对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率
Figure PCTCN2021128770-appb-000003
上表3中，以P偏振光的透过率小于83％为差(negative，NG)、P偏振光的透过率大于或等于83％且小于90％为好(OK)，P偏振光的透过率大于或等于90％为优(GOOD)为评价标准。
由表3可知，实施例3和实施例4所采用的前挡玻璃110对波长为905nm 的P偏振光的透过率均在85％以上，甚至在95％以上。优选地，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.049，所述相对着色系数的最大变化率K 3小于或等于0.018。更优选地，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.01，所述相对着色系数的最大变化率K 3小于或等于0.015。相比于对比例2，实施例3和实施例4中第一通孔401和第二通孔201的设计有利于提高前挡玻璃110对波长为905nm的P偏振光的透过率。
另一种实施方式中，激光雷达系统120的激光发射器发射的P偏振光的波长为1550nm。在P偏振光的入射角度θ在0.942rad～1.222rad下，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数为α (1550nm)，α (1550nm)小于或等于0.06。在P偏振光的入射角度θ为0rad下，即在P偏振光垂直入射下，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.04。
本实施方式中，在不同入射角度下，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数为α (1550nm)均较小，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率均较高，可满足激光雷达系统120工作和探测距离要求。
此外，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)相对不同入射角θ的最大变化率为K 4，K 4＝0.028*θ-0.001。其中，入射角度θ在0.942rad～1.222rad之间。由此可知，K 4小于或等于0.0332。换言之，信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)相对不同入射角度θ的变化率较小，P偏振光对入射角度的依赖性较小，有利于提高P偏振光在预定角度范围内的入射角适应性，进而有助于提高激光雷达系统110的探测精准度。
接下来，以实施例5和实施例6为例，对本实施方式所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率进行测试，测试结果如下表4所示。其中，实施例5的外层玻璃10为透明玻璃，实施例6的外层玻璃 10为超透明玻璃。在P偏振光垂直入射下，实施例5所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)为0.0383。在P偏振光垂直入射下，实施例6所示前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的相对着色系数α (1550nm)为0.0006。
表4：实施例5和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃的信号透过区域对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率
Figure PCTCN2021128770-appb-000004
上表4中，以P偏振光的透过率小于83％为差(negative，NG)、P偏振光的透过率大于或等于83％且小于90％为好(OK)，P偏振光的透过率大于或等于90％为优(GOOD)为评价标准。
由表4可知，实施例5和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃110对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率均在83％以上，甚至在95％以上。优选地，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.055，所述相对着色系数的最大变化率K 4小于或等于0.03。更优选地，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.01，所述相对着色系数的最大变化率K 4小于或等于0.022。相比于对比例2，实施例5和实施例6中第一通孔401和第二通孔201的设计有利于提高前挡玻璃110对波长为1550nm的P偏振光的透过率。
请参阅图7和图8，图7是实施例4和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在380nm～780nm范围内。图8是实施例4和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃中信号透 过区域在不同入射角度下的P偏振光透过率光谱曲线，P偏振光的波长在800nm～1600nm范围内。其中，横坐标为P偏振光的波长，纵坐标为P偏振光的透过率，入射角度分别为0rad、0.942rad、1.047rad和1.222rad。
从图8可知，在P偏振光的波长为800nm～1600nm范围内，实施例4和实施例6所采用的前挡玻璃110中信号透过区域111对P偏振光的透过率基本上都在88％以上，甚至在95％以上。由此可知，在入射角度为0rad、0.942rad、1.047rad和1.222rad下，前挡玻璃110中第一通孔401和第二通孔201的设计有利于提高前挡玻璃110对波长为905nm和1550nm的P偏振光的透过率。
本申请实施例所示汽车100中，将激光雷达系统120安装于汽车100的内部，通过对前挡玻璃110的结构和材料进行设计，减少前挡玻璃110对P偏振光的吸收和反射衰减，保证前挡玻璃110对P偏振光的高透过率，避免影响激光雷达系统120的工作效率，不仅可以保证激光雷达系统120的探测范围，还可以保证车辆美观性。此外，还可以借助汽车100固有的雨刮系统辅助清洁前挡玻璃110，提高激光雷达系统120探测光路的通透性。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种前挡玻璃，安装在汽车上，与位于所述汽车内部的激光雷达系统配合使用，所述前挡玻璃包括外层玻璃、内层玻璃和中间粘接膜，所述中间粘接膜位于所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻璃之间，其特征在于，所述激光雷达系统用于发射和/或接收P偏振光，所述P偏振光的波长λ在800nm～1600nm波长范围内；
    所述前挡玻璃具有信号透过区域，所述P偏振光以0.942rad～1.222rad的入射角θ入射至所述信号透过区域，所述信号透过区域对入射的所述P偏振光具有大于或等于83％的透过率，所述信号透过区域对以入射角θ入射的所述P偏振光具有小于或等于0.06的相对着色系数α (λ)，其中，α (λ)＝(TL (380nm-780nm)-TL (λ))/TL (380nm-780nm)；
    TL (380nm-780nm)为所述信号透过区域对380nm-780nm波长范围内的P偏振光的透过率，TL (λ)为所述信号透过区域对波长λ的P偏振光的透过率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述信号透过区域对以0rad的入射角入射的P偏振光具有小于或等于0.04的相对着色系数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝905nm，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.028。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)的最大变化率K 1与所述入射角θ满足：K 1＝0.006*θ+0.008。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝1550nm，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.035。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)的最大变化率K 2与所述入射角θ满足：K 2＝0.02*θ+0.002。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述前挡玻璃还包括隔热膜或电加热膜，所述隔热膜或所述电加热膜位于所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻 璃之间，所述信号透过区域不设置所述隔热膜或所述电加热膜。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，包括所述隔热膜的所述前挡玻璃具有小于或等于50％的总太阳能透过率，包括所述电加热膜的所述前挡玻璃具有大于或等于400W/m 2的加热功率密度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间粘结膜包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和离子性中间膜中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述外层玻璃和所述内层玻璃均为超透明玻璃，所述超透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.015％wt，所述超透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于91％。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间粘结膜设有与所述信号透过区域对应的第一通孔，所述第一通孔内不填充其他材料或填充红外高透材料，所述红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述信号透过区域对以0rad的入射角入射的P偏振光具有小于或等于0.02的相对着色系数。
  13. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述外层玻璃为透明玻璃或超透明玻璃，所述内层玻璃为透明玻璃或着色玻璃，所述内层玻璃设有与所述信号透过区域对应的第二通孔；所述透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.08％，所述透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于88％；所述超透明玻璃的总铁含量小于或等于0.015％wt，所述超透明玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于91％；所述着色玻璃的总铁含量大于或等于0.5％wt，所述着色玻璃的可见光透过率大于70％。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间粘结膜设有与所述信号透过区域对应的第一通孔，所述第一通孔内不填充其他材料或填充红外高透材料，所述红外高透材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃热塑性弹 性体、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔的中心轴重合，所述第二通孔的孔壁与所述第一通孔的孔壁之间的距离为b，-1mm≤b≤2mm。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝905nm，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)小于或等于0.05。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述相对着色系数α (905nm)的最大变化率K 3与所述入射角θ满足：K 3＝0.015*θ+0.0035。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述P偏振光的波长λ＝1550nm，所述相对着色系数α (1550nm)小于或等于0.06。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的前挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述相对着色系数α (1550)的最大变化率K 4与所述入射角θ满足：K 4＝0.028*θ-0.001。
  20. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括激光雷达系统和如权利要求1至19中任一项所述的前挡玻璃，所述激光雷达系统位于所述汽车内部，用于发射和/或接收所述P偏振光。
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CN113238378A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-08-10 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种抬头显示系统

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