WO2017111096A1 - 二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017111096A1 WO2017111096A1 PCT/JP2016/088508 JP2016088508W WO2017111096A1 WO 2017111096 A1 WO2017111096 A1 WO 2017111096A1 JP 2016088508 W JP2016088508 W JP 2016088508W WO 2017111096 A1 WO2017111096 A1 WO 2017111096A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery that exhibits excellent cycle characteristics even in a high-temperature environment, and a secondary battery including the same.
- a conventional general lithium secondary battery uses a material capable of reversibly inserting Li ions into a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material.
- a compound such as LiNiO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , or LiFePO 4 is used for the positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material lithium metal, an alloy thereof, a carbon material, a graphite material, or the like is used.
- an electrolytic solution used for a lithium secondary battery a solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte such as LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 in a mixed solvent such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or propylene carbonate is used.
- a film can be formed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery by using a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a monofluorophosphate or a difluorophosphate as an additive. It is disclosed that it is possible to suppress decomposition of the electrolytic solution due to contact between the non-aqueous electrolytic solution and the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material, thereby suppressing self-discharge, improving storage performance, and improving output characteristics. However, improvement of cycle characteristics under high temperature environment is required.
- fluoroethylene carbonate as an additive for non-aqueous electrolyte is widely known as a compound that can form good SEI. It is understood that the battery can be stably charged by suppressing the reductive decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte with fluoroethylene carbonate.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that good cycle characteristics can be obtained by using an electrolytic solution to which this fluoroethylene carbonate is added. However, the improvement of the cycle characteristics under a high temperature environment is not shown, and further improvement is demanded.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery exhibiting excellent cycle characteristics even in a high-temperature environment, and a secondary battery using the same. There is.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries of the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries used for secondary batteries in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is a component represented by the following chemical formula (1) (A) includes at least one or more types.
- Mn + represents any one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, aluminum ions, transition metal ions, and onium ions.
- X represents a halogen atom.
- R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom, and an unsaturated bond. (Wherein n represents a valence)
- component (B) Boron complex salt represented by the following chemical formula (2), or boric acid ester, acid anhydride, cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond, cyclic carbonate having a halogen atom, cyclic sulfonic acid ester, the following chemical formula ( 3) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amines having an acetoacetyl group and a phosphorus compound represented by any of the following chemical formulas (4) to (6)
- X 1 to X 4 are each independently selected 1 Or a combination of the two forms a cyclic structure of —OOC—Y—COO—, —O—Y—O—, or —OOC—Y—O—, in which case the Y has a carbon number of 0 to Or a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 0 to 20 and having a hetero atom, an unsaturated bond, or a cyclic structure, or X 1 to X 4 are each independently , A halogen atom, an alkyl group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon number in the range of 0 to 20, and at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond.
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a halogen atom, a hetero atom or an unsaturated bond. Represents a hydrogen group.
- M n + represents a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, an aluminum ion, a transition metal ion, or an onium ion.
- Each of A 1 and A 2 independently represents an oxygen atom
- Each of X 5 and X 6 independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a carbon atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Represents an alkyl group having at least one of a heteroatom and an unsaturated bond, or X 5 and X 6 represent the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or the range having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Any one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an alkyl group having at least one of unsaturated bonds, which are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, wherein n is Represents valence
- X 7 to X 12 are each independently a halogen atom, An alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a range of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a hetero atom or unsaturated An alkyl group having at least one of bonds, an alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a range of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond; Having an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a halogen atom, hetero atom or unsaturated
- a cyclic structure of —O—Z—O— wherein Z is a hydrocarbon group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, or a range of 0 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom Represents a hydrocarbon group having at least one of a heteroatom, an unsaturated bond and a cyclic structure, wherein n represents a valence.
- M n + is a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ions, aluminum ions,. It represents a transition metal ion or onium ion wherein R 4 and R 5 are each independently 1 to 20 carbons Or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond, or R 4 and R 5 are Any one of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the hydrocarbon group having the carbon number in the range of 1 to 20 and having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond; And n represents a valence, which are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- the amount of the component (A) added is preferably 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary battery.
- the amount of component (B) added is preferably 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary battery.
- the component (A) is preferably ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is characterized by comprising at least the non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery described above, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery that can exhibit excellent cycle characteristics even in a high temperature environment, and a secondary battery including the same.
- a film is formed on the surface of the electrode active material by containing at least one component (A) represented by the chemical formula (1). It is presumed that the cycle characteristics under a high temperature environment are improved by characteristics such as thermal stability and film quality.
- non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary battery includes at least one component (described later) in an organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent) in which an electrolyte is dissolved. A) is included as an additive.
- Electrode active material type of non-aqueous solvent, electrolyte and additive in non-aqueous electrolyte, properties of film formed according to charge / discharge conditions, such as thermal stability, ionic conductivity, morphology, and denseness Is thought to change significantly.
- a film is formed on the surface of the electrode active material by adding the component (A) to the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the properties of the film, that is, the effects such as thermal stability and film quality. Therefore, it is considered that the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery in a high temperature environment (for example, 40 ° C. to 80 ° C.) can be improved.
- the component (A) is contained in at least one kind in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and specifically, is a compound represented by the following chemical formula (1).
- the M n + represents any one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, aluminum ions, transition metal ions, and onium ions.
- the alkali metal ion is not particularly limited and includes lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion, cesium ion and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alkaline earth metal ions examples include magnesium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, barium ions and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the transition metal ion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include manganese ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, chromium ions, copper ions, silver ions, molybdenum ions, tungsten ions, vanadium ions, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- onium ions examples include ammonium ions (NH 4+ ), primary ammonium ions, secondary ammonium ions, tertiary ammonium ions, quaternary ammonium ions, quaternary phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, and the like.
- the primary ammonium ion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methylammonium ion, ethylammonium ion, propylammonium ion, and isopropylammonium ion. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the secondary ammonium ion is not particularly limited, and for example, dimethylammonium ion, diethylammonium ion, dipropylammonium ion, dibutylammonium ion, ethylmethylammonium ion, methylpropylammonium ion, methylbutylammonium ion, propylbutylammonium Ion, diisopropylammonium ion and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the tertiary ammonium ion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include trimethylammonium ion, triethylammonium ion, tripropylammonium ammonium ion, tributylammonium ion, ethyldimethylammonium ion, diethylmethylammonium ion, triisopropylammonium ion, dimethylisopropyl.
- the quaternary ammonium forming the quaternary ammonium ion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic quaternary ammoniums, imidazoliums, pyridiniums, pyrazoliums, and pyridaziniums. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aliphatic quaternary ammoniums are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetraisopropylammonium, trimethylethylammonium, dimethyldiethylammonium, methyltriethylammonium, trimethylpropylammonium, trimethylisopropylammonium, tetra Butylammonium, trimethylbutylammonium, trimethylpentylammonium, trimethylhexylammonium, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-piperidinium, 1-butyl- Examples include 1-methylpiperidinium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the imidazoliums are not particularly limited. For example, 1.3 dimethyl-imidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-n-propyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-n-butyl-3 -Methylimidazolium, 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the pyridiniums are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1-methylpyridinium, 1-ethylpyridinium, 1-n-propylpyridinium and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the pyrazoliums are not particularly limited. For example, 1,2-dimethylpyrazolium, 1-methyl-2-ethylpyrazolium, 1-propyl-2-methylpyrazolium, 1-methyl-2-butyl Pyrazolium, 1-methylpyrazolium, 3-methylpyrazolium, 4-methylpyrazolium, 4-iodopyrazolium, 4-bromopyrazolium, 4-iodo3-methylpyrazolium, 4 -Bromo-3-methylpyrazolium, 3-trifluoromethylpyrazolium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the pyridaziniums are not particularly limited, and for example, 1-methylpyridazinium, 1-ethylpyridazinium, 1-propylpyridazinium, 1-butylpyridazinium, 3-methylpyridazinium Ni, 4-methylpyridazinium, 3-methoxypyridazinium, 3,6-dichloropyridazinium, 3,6-dichloro-4-methylpyridazinium, 3-chloro-6-methylpyri Examples include dazinium and 3-chloro-6-methoxypyridazinium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the quaternary phosphonium forming the quaternary phosphonium ion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include benzyltriphenylphosphonium, tetraethylphosphonium, and tetraphenylphosphonium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the sulfonium ion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include trimethylsulfonium, triphenylsulfonium, triethylsulfonium, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lithium, sodium ion, potassium, magnesium, calcium, tetraalkylammonium ion, alkylimidazolium ion, alkylpyrrolidinium ion, and alkylpyridinium ion are preferable from the viewpoint of availability. .
- X represents a halogen atom.
- the halogen atom is any one of iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. Of these halogen atoms, fluorine is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of hydrolysis and thermal stability of the compound represented by the chemical formula (1).
- R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom, or an unsaturated bond (hereinafter referred to as “hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom”). .)
- the hydrocarbon group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom or the like has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the number of unsaturated bonds is preferably in the range of 1 to 10, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 3.
- the hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom or the like is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group.
- Cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 1,2-diiodoethyl group, 1,2-dibromoethyl Group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group, 1,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2-diiodoethyl group, 2,2-dibromoethyl group, 2,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2 , 2,2-tribromoethyl group, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, hexafluoro A chain-containing halogen-containing alkyl group such as -2-propyl group, a 2-io
- the halogen atom means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
- the hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom means that part or all of the hydrogen in the hydrocarbon group may be substituted with any of these halogen atoms.
- a hetero atom means atoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
- the hydrocarbon group having a hetero atom means that part or all of hydrogen and carbon in the hydrocarbon group may be substituted with any of these hetero atoms.
- hydrocarbon group having a hetero atom examples include a 2-methoxyethyl group, a 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl group, and a 2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl group.
- n a valence.
- M is a monovalent cation
- n 1, when it is a divalent cation
- n 2
- n 3
- monofluorophosphate ester salt represented by the chemical formula (1) examples include, for example, ethyl monofluorophosphate, methyl lithium monofluorophosphate, ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate, isopropyl lithium monofluorophosphate, Butyl lithium monofluorophosphate, lithium (2-ethoxyethyl) monofluorophosphate, lithium (2,2,2-trichloroethyl) monofluorophosphate, (1,1,1,3,3, monofluorophosphate) 3-hexachloroisopropyl) lithium, monofluorophosphoric acid (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) lithium, monofluorophosphoric acid (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl) lithium, monofluorophosphoric acid Acid (2-methoxyethyl) lithium, monofluorophosphoric acid (2- (2-methyl Xyloxy) ethyl) lithium, monofluorophosphate (2- (2-(-
- ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate is preferred from the viewpoint of availability.
- the amount of the component (A) added is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.5 to 2% by mass.
- the addition amount 0.05% by mass or more, cycle characteristics of the secondary battery in a high temperature environment can be further improved.
- the said addition amount 5 mass% or less it can suppress that the solubility with respect to the nonaqueous electrolyte solvent of the electrolyte in a nonaqueous electrolyte solution falls.
- At least one component (A) may be contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte, but the number of types of component (A) to be contained is preferably 1 to There are 5 types, more preferably 1 to 3 types, and particularly preferably 1 to 2 types. By reducing the type of the component (A), it is possible to suppress complication of the process in the production of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- component (A) is a monofluorophosphate ester salt (that is, the case where X in chemical formula (1) is a fluorine atom) is described below as an example.
- X in chemical formula (1) is a fluorine atom
- a method for producing a monofluorophosphoric acid ester salt includes a step A in which a monohalophosphoric acid diester is fluorinated to produce a monofluorophosphoric acid diester, and the monofluorophosphoric acid diester is reacted with a halide to produce a monofluorophosphoric acid. And at least Step B of producing an ester salt.
- the monohalophosphate diester used as a raw material in the step A is represented by the following chemical formula (7).
- R 1 is the same as R 1 in Formula (1), it is as previously described.
- R 6 in the chemical formula (7) is the same as R 1 in the chemical formula (1). Therefore, R 6 is selected from the functional group group listed in the description of R 1 . However, R 1 and R 6 may be the same type or different from each other.
- X 13 represents a halogen atom other than the fluorine atom F.
- Fluorination of the monohalophosphoric acid diester by fluorination treatment can be performed, for example, by contacting potassium fluoride or the like as a fluorinating agent in an organic solvent. Thereby, the reaction shown by the following chemical reaction formula (8) occurs, and a monofluorophosphoric acid diester can be generated.
- the reaction start temperature when the monohalophosphate diester and the fluorinating agent start the reaction in a non-aqueous solvent (in an organic solvent) is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, and is appropriately set according to the reaction species. do it. Usually, it is in the range of 0 ° C. to 200 ° C., and is preferably 20 to 150 ° C., more preferably 40 ° C. to 120 ° C. from the viewpoint of reactivity. By setting the reaction start temperature to 0 ° C. or higher, it is possible to prevent the reaction rate from being significantly attenuated. Moreover, the energy loss by using excess energy can be suppressed by making reaction start temperature into 200 degrees C or less.
- the method for adjusting the reaction start temperature is not particularly limited, and when cooling and controlling so as to be within the temperature range, the reaction vessel charged with the monohalophosphate diester and the fluorinating agent may be ice-cooled or the like. Can be performed. Moreover, when heating and controlling so that reaction start temperature may be in the said temperature range, it can carry out by using the oil bath etc. which were set to arbitrary temperature.
- an aprotic solvent is preferable as the solvent used when the monohalophosphoric acid diester and the fluorinating agent are reacted in a non-aqueous solvent.
- an aprotic solvent By using an aprotic solvent, inhibition of the fluorination reaction can be prevented.
- the monohalophosphate diester and the protic solvent may cause a halogen exchange reaction.
- the hydrogen element in the protic solvent and the fluorine anion of the fluorinating agent significantly reduce the fluorination ability due to the influence of hydrogen bonding.
- monohalo phosphoric acid diester can also be used as a solvent.
- the aprotic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include nitriles, esters, ketones, ethers, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
- the nitriles are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetonitrile and propionitrile.
- the esters are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, and butyl acetate.
- the ketones are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
- the ethers are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and ethylene glycol.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dichloromethane and chloroform.
- Still other aprotic solvents include, for example, nitromethane, nitroethane, dimethylformamide and the like. These aprotic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the fluorinating agent used in the reaction between the monohalophosphate diester and the fluorinating agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkali metal fluorides, alkaline earth metal fluorides, onium fluorides and the like.
- the alkali metal fluoride is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, and cesium fluoride.
- the alkaline earth metal fluoride is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include beryllium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, strontium fluoride, and barium fluoride.
- the onium fluoride is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include triethylamine trihydrofluoride, triethylamine pentahydrofluoride, viridine hydrofluoride, and tetrabutylammonium fluoride. These fluorinating agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the step B is a step of producing a monofluorophosphate ester salt by reacting the monofluorophosphate diester with the halide.
- the halide has the chemical formula M n + X 14 n (where M n + is an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, transition metal ion, rare earth element ion, zinc ion, aluminum ion, gallium ion, indium ion, germanium ion, It represents any one selected from the group consisting of tin ion, lead ion and onium ion, X 14 represents a halogen atom of F, Cl, Br or I.
- the n represents a valence. It is represented by
- n + in the halide is as described above, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- said n in a halide represents a valence similarly to the case of the said General formula (1).
- the halogen of the halide nucleophilically attacks R 6 of the monofluorophosphate ester, whereby the monofluorophosphate ester anion containing R 1 is eliminated, and the alkyl halide represented by R 6 X 14 becomes Generate. Further, it is presumed that the monofluorophosphate ester salt is formed by the elimination of the monofluorophosphate ester anion to form a salt with a halide counter cation.
- the R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond. To express.) (Wherein R 6 is in the range hydrocarbon group, or a carbon number of 1 to 20 1 to 20 carbons, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having at least one of hetero atoms or unsaturated bonds To express.)
- the leaving ability of the monofluorophosphate ester anion represented by the chemical formula (11) or (12), which is a leaving group, is roughly estimated from the pKa value of each proton body, for example.
- the monofluorophosphate ester anion represented by the chemical formula (11) is represented by the proton form of the monofluorophosphate ester anion, that is, the pKa value of the monofluorophosphate ester is represented by the chemical formula (12). It is preferably smaller than the proton body.
- the pKa value can be estimated from, for example, Bordwell pKa Table. Alternatively, it can be presumed that those having an electron withdrawing group in the leaving group have high leaving ability.
- the amount of the halide and monofluorophosphate diester used as long as the desired compound is obtained.
- the monofluorophosphoric diester is 0.5 to 5 equivalents, preferably 0.9 to 4 equivalents, more preferably 0.95 to 3.3 equivalents per 1 equivalent of halide. is there.
- the reaction start temperature when the halide and monofluorophosphoric acid diester start the reaction in another non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, and may be appropriately set according to the reaction species. Good. Usually, it is in the range of 0 ° C. to 200 ° C., and is preferably 20 to 150 ° C., more preferably 40 ° C. to 120 ° C. from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- the method for adjusting the reaction start temperature is not particularly limited, and when cooling and controlling so as to be within the temperature range, the reaction vessel charged with the halide and monofluorophosphoric acid diester is cooled with ice or the like. Can be done. Moreover, when heating and controlling so that reaction start temperature may be in the said temperature range, it can carry out by using the oil bath etc. which were set to arbitrary temperature.
- the reaction time when the halide and monofluorophosphoric diester are reacted in another non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate according to the reaction species. Usually, it is within the range of 30 minutes to 20 hours, and from the viewpoint of industrial production, 30 minutes to 15 hours is preferable, and 30 minutes to 10 hours is more preferable.
- the monofluorophosphoric diester can be used as a reaction solvent in addition to the other non-aqueous solvent.
- the reaction start temperature at which the halide and monofluorophosphoric acid diester start the reaction is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, and may be appropriately set according to the reaction species. Usually, it is in the range of 0 ° C. to 200 ° C., and from the viewpoint of reactivity, 20 ° C. to 150 ° C. is preferable, and 40 ° C. to 120 ° C. is more preferable.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the reaction species. Usually, it is within the range of 30 minutes to 20 hours, and from the viewpoint of industrial production, 30 minutes to 15 hours is preferable, and 30 minutes to 10 hours is more preferable.
- the other non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder the reaction with other reactants and products.
- Specific examples include alcohols, nitriles, esters, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alcohols are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-iodoethanol, 2-bromoethanol, 2-chloroethanol, 2- Fluoroethanol, 1,2-diiodoethanol, 1,2-dibromoethanol, 1,2-dichloroethanol, 1,2-difluoroethanol, 2,2-diiodoethanol, 2,2-dibromoethanol, 2,2 -Dichloroethanol, 2,2-difluoroethanol, 2,2,2-tribromoethanol, 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 1,1,1,3,3 3-hexafluoro-2-propanol etc. It is below. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- nitriles are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetonitrile and propionitryl. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- esters are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, and butyl acetate. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ketones are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ethers are not particularly limited, and examples include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dichloromethane and chloroform. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include nitromethane, nitroethane, dimethylformamide and the like.
- the amount of the other non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent) to be used is preferably 1 or more times, more preferably 1 to 200 times, and more preferably 1 to 100 times based on the weight of the monofluorophosphoric acid diester. A double amount is more preferable, and a 1-fold to 50-fold amount is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the amount of the organic solvent used is not particularly limited, but excessive use of the organic solvent relative to the monofluorophosphoric acid diester requires more energy when distilling it off, which is industrially disadvantageous. It may become. Accordingly, the upper limit of the amount of the organic solvent used is preferably set as appropriate according to the reaction species.
- the order of addition of the halide and monofluorophosphoric acid diester is not particularly limited. Moreover, when using monofluorophosphoric diester as a reaction solvent, the addition order of a halide and monofluorophosphoric diester is not specifically limited.
- the monofluorophosphoric acid ester salt obtained by the method of the present embodiment is obtained by performing cation exchange using solubility or cation exchange using an ion exchange resin or the like to obtain a monofluorophosphorus having a desired different cation. Acid ester salts can also be produced.
- the monofluorophosphate ester can also be produced by reacting the monofluorophosphate ester salt obtained by the method of the present embodiment with Arrhenius acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
- a monofluorophosphate ester can also be obtained by performing proton exchange using an ion exchange resin.
- a monofluorophosphate ester salt can also be produced by reacting the monofluorophosphate obtained by these methods with a halide or hydroxide.
- a step of purifying the monofluorophosphate ester salt may be performed immediately after the step of generating the monofluorophosphate ester salt. Further, immediately after the step of producing a monofluorophosphate ester salt having another kind of cation, purification can be performed by cation exchange with respect to the monofluorophosphate ester salt. Furthermore, the purification can be performed immediately after the monofluorophosphate ester is reacted with the halide to produce a monofluorophosphate ester salt. It does not specifically limit as a purification method, For example, the method by operation, such as distillation and drying, The method using adsorption agents, such as activated carbon or an ion exchange resin, etc. are employable. By performing these purifications, the purity of the monofluorophosphate ester salt can be increased.
- non-aqueous electrolyte containing the component (A) can contain the following component (B).
- the component (B) includes either the following component (b1) or component (b2).
- Component (b1) 1 type of boron complex salt.
- boron complex salt The boron complex salt of the component (b1) is specifically represented by the following chemical formula (2).
- M n + is as described above, and any one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, aluminum ions, transition metal ions, and onium ions. To express. Therefore, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- X 1 to X 4 are independent of each other, and one or two arbitrarily selected combinations can be represented by —OOC—Y—COO—, —O—Y—O—, or —OOC.
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, or 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms.
- 5 represents a hydrocarbon group having a hetero atom, an unsaturated bond, or a cyclic structure.
- each Y is different It may be.
- the hetero atom means an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom.
- the Y is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a linear alkylene group such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group and a nonylene group, an iodomethylene group, and a diiodo group.
- a linear alkylene group such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group and a nonylene group, an iodomethylene group, and a diiodo group.
- Methylene group bromomethylene group, dibromomethylene group, fluoromethylene group, difluoromethylene group, iodoethylene group, 1,1-diiodoethylene group, 1,2-diiodoethylene group, triiodoethylene group, tetraiodoethylene group Chloroethylene group, 1,1-dichloroethylene group, 1,2-dichloroethylene group, trichloroethylene group, tetrachloroethylene group, fluoroethylene group, 1,1-difluoroethylene group, 1,2-difluoroethylene group, trifluoroethylene group, Tetrafluoroethylene group, etc.
- a halogen-containing linear alkylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a phenylene group, a benzylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthracylene group, a naphthacylene group, a pentasilene group, etc. Can be mentioned.
- —OOC—Y—COO— is —OOC—COO—, which represents an oxalate group.
- Y is a 1,2-phenylene group
- —O—Y—O— represents a benzenediolate group
- —O—Y—COO— represents a salicylate group.
- X 1 to X 4 are each independently a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 0 to 5 carbon atoms, and 0 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 0 to 0 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- a hetero atom means an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- X 1 to X 4 include a chain alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group, and a cyclopentyl group.
- Cycloalkyl group such as cyclohexyl group, iodomethyl group, bromomethyl group, chloromethyl group, fluoromethyl group, diiodomethyl group, dibromomethyl group, dichloromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, triiodomethyl group, tribromomethyl group, trichloromethyl Group, trifluoromethyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 1,2-diiodoethyl group, 1,2-dibromoethyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group 1,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2-diiodoethyl group, 2,2-dibu Moethyl group, 2,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-tribromoethyl
- X 1 to X 4 are independent of each other and may be the same or different. Moreover, the functional group group illustrated above is only an illustration, and is not limited to these.
- boron complex salt represented by the chemical formula (2) include, for example, lithium bisoxalatoborate, lithium bismalonate borate, lithium bissalicylate borate, lithium bis [1,2'-benziolate (2) -O, O '] borate, lithium oxalatomalonatoborate, lithium oxalate salicylate borate, lithium oxalate [1,2'-benziolate (2) -O, O'] borate, lithium diiodooxalatoborate, lithium Dibromooxalatoborate, lithium dichlorooxalatoborate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium iodochlorooxalatoborate, lithium iodobromooxalateborate, lithium iodofluorooxalatoborate, lithium bromochloroo Saratoborate, lithium bromofluorooxalate, lithium chlorofluorooxalate, lithium chlor
- boron complex salt represented by the chemical formula (2) include, for example, sodium bisoxalatoborate, sodium bismalonate borate, sodium bissalicylate borate, sodium bis [1,2'-benziolate ( 2) —O, O ′] borate, sodium oxalate malonatoborate, sodium oxalate salicylate borate, sodium oxalate [1,2′-benziolate (2) —O, O ′] borate, sodium diiodooxalatoborate Sodium dibromooxalatoborate, sodium dichlorooxalatoborate, sodium difluorooxalatoborate, sodium iodochlorooxalatoborate, sodium iodobromooxalatoborate, sodium iodofluorooxara Borate, sodium bromochlorooxalate borate, sodium bromofluorooxalatoborate, sodium chlorofluor
- boron complex salt represented by the chemical formula (2) include, for example, triethylmethylammonium bisoxalatoborate, triethylmethylammonium bismalonatoborate, triethylmethylammonium bissalicylate borate, triethylmethylammonium bis [1,2'-Benziolate (2) -O, O '] borate, triethylmethylammonium oxalate malonatoborate, triethylmethylammonium oxalate salicylate borate, triethylmethylammonium oxalate [1,2'-benzylate (2) -O, O '] borate, triethylmethylammonium diiodooxalatoborate, triethylmethylammonium dibromooxalatoborate, triethylmethylammonium di Lolooxalatoborate, triethylmethylammonium diflu
- the boron complex salt is lithium bisoxalatoborate, triethylmethylammonium bisoxalatoborate, lithium bissalicylate borate or lithium bis [1,2'-benziolate (2). -O, O '] borate is preferred.
- n represents a valence as in the chemical formula (1).
- the borate ester in the component (b2) is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment and the secondary battery using the boric acid ester. You can choose. Specifically, for example, trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, triisopropyl borate, tributyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, triheptyl borate, triphenyl borate, tris borate (2, 2,2-iodoethyl), tris (2,2,2-tribromoethyl) borate, tris (2,2,2-trichloroethyl) borate, tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) borate Examples include tris (4-iodophenyl) acid, tris (4-bromophenyl) borate, tris (4-chlorophenyl) borate, tris (4-fluorophenyl) borate,
- the acid anhydride in component (b2) is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment and the secondary battery using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. You can choose. Specifically, for example, acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, valeric anhydride, hexanoic anhydride, heptanoic anhydride, octanoic anhydride, nonanoic anhydride, decanoic anhydride Eicosanoic anhydride, docosanoic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, 4-methoxybenzoic anhydride, diphenylacetic anhydride, crotonic anhydride, cyclohexanecarboxylic anhydride, elaidic anhydride, isobutyric anhydride, Isovaleric anhydride, lauric anhydride, linoleic anhydride
- acid anhydrides in the present embodiment, those having a cyclic structure are preferred, and those having an unsaturated bond in the molecule are preferred.
- the acid anhydride is particularly preferably maleic anhydride from the viewpoint of availability and the viewpoint of having a cyclic structure and an unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond in the component (b2) is not particularly limited in type as long as it does not impair the characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment and the secondary battery using the same. Various things can be selected.
- the number of unsaturated bonds is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, and particularly preferably 1 to 3.
- Specific examples of the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond include vinylene carbonate, iodovinylene carbonate, bromovinylene carbonate, chlorovinylene carbonate, fluorovinylene carbonate, 1,2-diiodovinylene carbonate, 1,2-dibromo.
- the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond is preferably vinylene carbonate from the viewpoint
- the cyclic carbonate having a halogen atom in the component (b2) is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment and the secondary battery using the same.
- the halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- cyclic carbonate having a halogen atom examples include iodoethylene carbonate, bromoethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,2-diiodoethylene carbonate, 1,2-dibromoethylene carbonate, 1 2,2-dichloroethylene carbonate, 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate, and the like.
- the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond is preferably chloroethylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate from the viewpoint of availability.
- the cyclic sulfonate ester in the component (b2) is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment and the secondary battery using the cyclic sulfonic acid ester. Can be selected. Specific examples of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester include 1,3-propane sultone, 2,4-butane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfite, and the like. The cyclic sulfonic acid ester is preferably 1,3-propane sultone or ethylene sulfite from the viewpoint of availability.
- Amines having an acetoacetyl group Specifically, the amine having an acetoacetyl group in the component (b2) is represented by the following chemical formula (3).
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 to 5 and represents a halogen atom, a hetero atom or a hydrocarbon group having an unsaturated bond.
- the halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- a hetero atom means an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- the R 2 and R 3 are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a chain alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group, and a cyclopentyl group.
- a chain alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group, and a cyclopentyl group.
- Cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclohexyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 1,2-diiodoethyl group, 1,2-dibromoethyl group, 1,2-dichloro Ethyl group, 1,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2-diiodoethyl group, 2,2-dibromoethyl group, 2,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-tribromo Chain-containing halogens such as ethyl group, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, hexafluoro-2-propyl group, etc.
- Cyclic halogen-containing alkyl groups such as alkyl group, 2-iodocyclohexyl group, 2-bromocyclohexyl group, 2-chlorocyclohexyl group, 2-fluorocyclohexyl group, 2-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3- Chain alkenyl groups such as butenyl group, cyclic alkenyl groups such as 2-cyclopentenyl group, 2-cyclohexenyl group, 3-cyclohexenyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1-butynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl Groups, chain alkynyl groups such as 1-pentynyl group, 2-pentynyl group, 3-pentynyl group, 4-pentynyl group, phenyl group, 3-methoxyphenyl group, 4-methoxyphenyl group, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group
- R 2 and R 3 are independent of each other and may be the same or different.
- the specific examples of the functional group described above are merely examples, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula (3) include N, N-dimethylacetoacetamide, N, N-diethylacetoacetamide, N, N-dipropylacetoacetamide, N, N-dibutylacetoacetamide, N , N-ethylmethylacetoacetamide, N, N-methylpropylacetoacetamide, N, N-butylmethylacetoacetamide and the like.
- specific examples of these compounds are merely examples, and the present embodiment is not limited to these.
- M n + is as described above and represents an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, an aluminum ion, a transition metal ion, or an onium ion. Moreover, said n represents a valence similarly to the case of the said Chemical formula (1). Therefore, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- X 5 and X 6 are each independently a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom, or an unsaturated bond (hereinafter referred to as “a halogen atom”).
- a halogen atom a halogen atom
- alkyl group having a halogen atom The carbon number of the alkyl group and the alkyl group having a halogen atom or the like is in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 4.
- the number of unsaturated bonds is preferably in the range of 1 to 10, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 3.
- alkyl group or the alkyl group having a halogen atom include chains such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group.
- Examples thereof include a naphthyl group such as a halogenphenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, and a 3-amino-2-naphthyl group.
- a naphthyl group such as a halogenphenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, and a 3-amino-2-naphthyl group.
- halogen atom and the hetero atom are the same as described in the chemical formula (1).
- the halogen atom and heteroatom may be such that part or all of the hydrogen in the alkyl group is substituted with any of these halogen atoms and / or heteroatoms. Good.
- any of an alkyl group having an alkyl group, or a halogen atom or the like may be configured to form a cyclic structure bonded to each other.
- the alkyl group or the alkyl group having a halogen atom or the like in X 5 and X 6 is, for example, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, or a nonylene group.
- Linear alkylene group such as iodomethylene group, diiodomethylene group, bromomethylene group, dibromomethylene group, fluoromethylene group, difluoromethylene group, iodoethylene group, 1,1-diiodoethylene group, 1,2-di Iodoethylene group, triiodoethylene group, tetraiodoethylene group, chloroethylene group, 1,1-dichloroethylene group, 1,2-dichloroethylene group, trichloroethylene group, tetrachloroethylene group, fluoroethylene group, 1,1-difluoroethylene group, 1,2-difluoroethylene Halogen-containing linear alkylene groups such as trifluoroethylene groups and tetrafluoroethylene groups, cyclohexylene groups, phenylene groups, benzylene groups, naphthylene groups, anthracylene groups, naphthacylene groups, pentasilene groups, and the like A part or all of them
- X 5 and X 6 may be the same or different from each other in the functional group group exemplified above.
- the functional group group illustrated above is only an illustration, and is not limited to these.
- Specific examples of the phosphorus compound represented by the chemical formula (4) include, for example, lithium diiodophosphate, lithium dibromophosphate, lithium dichlorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, sodium diiodophosphate, sodium dibromophosphate, sodium dichlorophosphate, sodium.
- Examples include difluorophosphate, potassium diiodophosphate, potassium dibromophosphate, potassium dichlorophosphate, potassium difluorophosphate, and the like.
- X 7 ⁇ X 12 are each independently a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a halogen atom, at least one of hetero atoms or unsaturated bonds
- An alkyl group having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom or an unsaturated bond hereinafter referred to as “an alkoxy group having a halogen atom”).
- an alkylthio group having at least one of a halogen atom, a heteroatom and an unsaturated bond hereinafter referred to as “alkylthio group having a halogen atom”).
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkyl group having a halogen atom and the like, the alkoxy group having a halogen atom and the like, and the alkylthio group having a halogen atom and the like have a carbon number in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 More preferably, it is 1 to 4. Further, the number of unsaturated bonds is preferably in the range of 1 to 10, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 3.
- the halogen atom and the hetero atom are the same as described in the chemical formula (1).
- the alkyl group having a halogen atom or the like, the alkoxy group having a halogen atom or the like, and the alkylthio group having a halogen atom or the like the halogen atom or the heteroatom is such that a part or all of hydrogen in these functional groups It may be substituted with any of the halogen atoms and / or heteroatoms.
- X 7 to X 12 are, for example, a chain alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, or a cyclopentyl group.
- Cycloalkyl group such as cyclohexyl group, iodomethyl group, bromomethyl group, chloromethyl group, fluoromethyl group, diiodomethyl group, dibromomethyl group, dichloromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, triiodomethyl group, tribromomethyl group, trichloromethyl Group, trifluoromethyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 1,2-diiodoethyl group, 1,2-dibromoethyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group 1,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2-diiodoethyl group, 2,2-di Lomoethyl group, 2,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-tribromoethy
- X 7 to X 12 are any combination of any one of the cyclic structures of —OOC—Z—COO—, —OOC—Z—O—, and —O—Z—O—. May be formed.
- the cyclic structures may be the same or different from each other.
- Z is a hydrocarbon group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms or a range of 0 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom, an unsaturated bond, or a cyclic structure. Represents a hydrocarbon group.
- the number of unsaturated bonds is preferably in the range of 1 to 10, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 3.
- the Z is not particularly limited, and specific examples include, for example, a linear alkylene group such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, and a nonylene group; Methylene group, diiodomethylene group, bromomethylene group, dibromomethylene group, fluoromethylene group, difluoromethylene group, iodoethylene group, 1,1-diiodoethylene group, 1,2-diiodoethylene group, triiodoethylene group Tetraiodoethylene group, chloroethylene group, 1,1-dichloroethylene group, 1,2-dichloroethylene group, trichloroethylene group, tetrachloroethylene group, fluoroethylene group, 1,1-difluoroethylene group, 1,2-difluoroethylene group, Trifluoroethylene group
- -OOC-Z-COO- is -OOC-COO- and represents an oxalate group.
- Z is a 1,2-phenylene group
- —O—Z—O— represents a benzenediolate group
- —O—Z—COO— represents a salicylate group.
- Specific examples of the phosphorus compound represented by the chemical formula (5) include lithium difluorobisoxalate phosphate, sodium difluorobisoxalate phosphate, lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, sodium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having at least one of a halogen atom, a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond (hereinafter, "Hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom or the like").
- the hydrocarbon group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom or the like has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the number of unsaturated bonds is preferably in the range of 1 to 10, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 3.
- hydrocarbon group or the hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, and the like.
- a cyclic alkyl group such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 1,2-diiodoethyl group, 1,2-dibromo Ethyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group, 1,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2-diiodoethyl group, 2,2-dibromoethyl group, 2,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-tribromoethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,1,3 Chain halogen-containing alkyl groups such as 3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, 2-iodoeth
- halogen atom and the hetero atom are the same as described in the chemical formula (1).
- the halogen atom and heteroatom may be such that part or all of the hydrogen in the hydrocarbon group is substituted with any of these halogen atoms and / or heteroatoms. Good.
- R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different from each other in the functional group group exemplified above. Moreover, the functional group group illustrated above is only an illustration, and is not limited to these.
- R 4 and R 5 are either the hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having the halogen atom or the like, and may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- specific examples of the hydrocarbon group or the hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, and a nonylene group.
- Linear alkylene group such as iodomethylene group, diiodomethylene group, bromomethylene group, dibromomethylene group, fluoromethylene group, difluoromethylene group, iodoethylene group, 1,1-diiodoethylene group, 1,2-di Iodoethylene group, triiodoethylene group, tetraiodoethylene group, chloroethylene group, 1,1-dichloroethylene group, 1,2-dichloroethylene group, trichloroethylene group, tetrachloroethylene group, fluoroethylene group, 1,1-difluoroethylene group, 1,2-difluoroethylene group, triflu
- a halogen-containing linear alkylene group such as a loethylene group and a tetrafluoroethylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a phenylene group, a benzylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthracylene group, a naphthacy
- phosphorus compound represented by the chemical formula (6) examples include, for example, lithium diethyl phosphate, lithium bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate, and the like.
- the amount of component (B) added is preferably in the range of 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass, and in the range of 0.1% by mass to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte. More preferably, it is particularly preferably in the range of 0.5% by mass to 2% by mass.
- At least one kind of the component (B) may be contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, but the number of kinds of the component (B) to be contained is preferably 1 ⁇ 5 types, more preferably 1 to 3 types, and particularly preferably 1 to 2 types.
- the component (B) can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- ⁇ Electrolyte> A conventionally well-known thing can be employ
- a lithium salt is used for a lithium ion battery
- a sodium salt is used for a sodium ion battery. Therefore, what is necessary is just to select the kind of electrolyte suitably according to the kind of secondary battery.
- fluorine-containing anions include, for example, BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , BF 3 CF 3 ⁇ , BF 3 C 2 F 5 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , C 2 F 5 SO 3 ⁇ , C 3 F 7 SO 3 ⁇ , C 4 F 9 SO 3 ⁇ , N (SO 2 F) 2 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , N (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) (CF 3 CO) ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) ⁇ , C (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 — and the like.
- BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , and N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the safety and stability of the non-aqueous electrolyte, electrical conductivity, and cycle characteristics.
- BF 4 ⁇ and PF 6 ⁇ are particularly preferable.
- the concentration of the electrolyte with respect to the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and is usually 0.1 to 2M, preferably 0.15 to 1.8M, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5M, particularly preferably 0.3 to. 1.2M.
- concentration 0.1 M or more it is possible to prevent the electrical conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte from becoming insufficient.
- concentration 2M or less it is possible to suppress a decrease in electrical conductivity due to an increase in the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte and to prevent a secondary battery performance from being deteriorated.
- the organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent) used in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is not particularly limited.
- a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, a phosphate ester, a cyclic ether, a chain ether, a lactone compound, a chain examples thereof include esters, nitrile compounds, amide compounds, and sulfone compounds.
- carbonates are preferred from the point of being generally used as an organic solvent for a lithium secondary battery.
- the cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and the like. Among these, cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the charging efficiency of the lithium secondary battery.
- the chain carbonate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. Among these, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the charging efficiency of the lithium secondary battery.
- the phosphate ester is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, ethyldimethyl phosphate, and diethylmethyl phosphate.
- the cyclic ether is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- the chain ether is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethoxyethane.
- the lactone compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the chain ester is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl formate.
- the nitrile compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetonitrile.
- the amide compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethylformamide.
- the sulfone compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sulfolane and methyl sulfolane.
- numerator with the fluorine can be used suitably.
- These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvent it is preferable to use a carbonate ester from the viewpoint of availability and performance.
- nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment for example, after adding the electrolyte salt to the organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent), at least one component (A) is added. Furthermore, you may add a component (B). At this time, as the organic solvent, the electrolyte salt, the component (A), and the component (B), it is preferable to use one having as few impurities as possible by purifying in advance within a range that does not reduce the production efficiency. In addition, when using multiple types of the said component (A) or the compound of a component (B), those addition orders can be suitably set as needed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an outline of a lithium ion secondary battery provided with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment has a positive electrode 1, a separator 3, a negative electrode 2, an internal space formed by a positive electrode can 4 and a negative electrode can 5, from the positive electrode can 4 side. It has a structure in which a laminated body laminated in the order of the spacers 7 is accommodated. By interposing a spring 8 between the negative electrode can 5 and the spacer 7, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are appropriately pressed and fixed.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing the compound of component (A) or the compound group of component (A) and component (B) in this embodiment is impregnated between positive electrode 1, separator 3, and negative electrode 2. In a state where the gasket 6 is interposed between the positive electrode can 4 and the negative electrode can 5, the positive electrode can 4 and the negative electrode can 5 are sandwiched to bond them together, and the laminate is sealed.
- the material of the positive electrode active material layer in the positive electrode 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a transition metal compound having a structure capable of diffusing lithium ions, or an oxide of the transition metal compound and lithium.
- a transition metal compound having a structure capable of diffusing lithium ions or an oxide of the transition metal compound and lithium.
- LiCoO 2, LiNiO 2, LiMn 2 O 4, Li 2 MnO 3 + LiMeO 2 (Me Mn, Co, Ni) solid solution
- oxides such as LiFeF
- the positive electrode 1 is formed by press molding the positive electrode active materials listed above together with known conductive aids and binders, or the positive electrode active material together with known conductive aids and binders and organic solvents such as pyrrolidone. It can be obtained by applying a paste obtained by mixing to a current collector such as an aluminum foil and then drying.
- the material of the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium.
- the metal composite oxide is not particularly limited.
- the not particularly restricted but includes metal oxides, for example SnO, SnO 2, SiO x ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), PbO, PbO 2, Pb 2 O 3, Pb 3 O 4, Sb 2 O 3, Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 O 5 and the like.
- metal oxides for example SnO, SnO 2, SiO x ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), PbO, PbO 2, Pb 2 O 3, Pb 3 O 4, Sb 2 O 3, Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 O 5 and the like.
- the carbon material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include natural graphite, artificial graphite, borated graphite, fluorinated graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, pitch-based carbon fiber graphitized material, carbon nanotube, hard carbon, fullerene and the like.
- the negative electrode 2 may be a foil or powder of the electrode material.
- copper paste is formed by pressure molding with a known conductive aid and binder, or mixed with pyrrolidone and other organic solvents together with a known conductive aid and binder. It can be obtained by coating a current collector such as a foil and then drying.
- a separator 3 is usually interposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 in order to prevent a short circuit.
- the material and shape of the separator 3 are not particularly limited, it is preferable that the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte is easy to pass through, is an insulator, and is a chemically stable material. Examples thereof include microporous films and sheets made of various polymer materials. Specific examples of the polymer material include polyolefin polymers such as nylon (registered trademark), nitrocellulose, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. From the viewpoints of electrochemical stability and chemical stability, polyolefin polymers are preferred.
- the optimum working voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment varies depending on the combination of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and can usually be used within the range of 2.4 to 4.6V.
- the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a cylindrical type, a square type, and a laminated type in addition to the coin type cell shown in FIG.
- the secondary battery according to the present embodiment can exhibit excellent cycle characteristics even in a high temperature environment, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment is preferably used for, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery. Can do.
- the lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 is an example of one embodiment of the secondary battery of the present invention, and the secondary battery of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the obtained colorless and transparent liquid was subjected to anion analysis by ion chromatography (manufactured by Metrohm, model number: IC-850), and one peak was detected at the same detection time as that of the lithium ethylfluorophosphate. In addition, sulfate ions were not detected. This confirmed that the obtained colorless and transparent liquid was ethyl monofluorophosphate.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- Example 2 lithium bisoxalate borate was further added as an additive to the mixed solvent so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example 2 lithium bisoxalate borate was further added as an additive to the mixed solvent so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example 2 lithium bisoxalate borate was further added as an additive to the mixed solvent so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example 3 Vinylene carbonate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass% instead of lithium bisoxalatoborate in Example 2. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 4 In this example, in place of the lithium bisoxalatoborate of Example 2, fluoroethylene carbonate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 5 In this example, trimethyl borate was added in place of the lithium bisoxalatoborate of Example 2 so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 6 lithium bis (2,2,2, -trifluoroethyl) phosphate was added in place of the lithium bisoxalatoborate of Example 2 so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass. .
- Example 6 lithium bis (2,2,2, -trifluoroethyl) phosphate was added in place of the lithium bisoxalatoborate of Example 2 so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass.
- Example 6 Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 7 In this example, instead of lithium bisoxalatoborate in Example 2, N, N-dimethylacetoacetamide was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 8 In this example, maleic anhydride was added instead of the lithium bisoxalatoborate of Example 2 so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 9 In this example, instead of lithium bisoxalatoborate in Example 2, 1,3-propane sultone was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 10 Maleic anhydride was further added as an additive so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example 10 Maleic anhydride was further added as an additive so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example 10 Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 11 In this example, instead of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 2, methyl lithium monofluorophosphate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 12 In this example, isopropyl lithium monofluorophosphate was added in place of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 2 so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 13 In this example, instead of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 2, butyl lithium monofluorophosphate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 14 lithium monofluorophosphate (2-ethoxyethyl) was added in place of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 2 so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 15 In this example, instead of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 3, methyl lithium monofluorophosphate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 3, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 16 In this example, isopropyl lithium monofluorophosphate was added in place of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 3 so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 3, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 17 In this example, instead of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 3, butyl lithium monofluorophosphate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 3, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 18 lithium monofluorophosphate (2-ethoxyethyl) was added in place of the ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 3 so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 3, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 19 In this example, instead of the lithium lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 1, ethyl monofluorophosphate was added so that the addition concentration was 0.5% by mass. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 20 In this example, the addition concentration of ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 1 was added to 0.05 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 21 In this example, the addition concentration of the lithium lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 1 was added to 2.5% by mass. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 22 In this example, the addition concentration of lithium bisoxalatoborate in Example 2 was added to 0.05 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- Example 23 In this example, the addition concentration of lithium bisoxalatoborate in Example 2 was added to 5 mass%. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 2, and prepared the non-aqueous electrolyte of a present Example.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- Comparative Example 2 a nonaqueous electrolytic solution of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the ethyl lithium monofluorophosphate of Example 2 was not added.
- a coin-type lithium secondary battery as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared, and the electrochemical characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolytes of the examples and comparative examples were evaluated. That is, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (manufactured by Piotrek Co., Ltd.) cut to 9 mm ⁇ in diameter was used for the positive electrode, polyethylene separator was used for the separator, and 10 mm ⁇ was cut for the negative electrode. Natural graphite sheet (manufactured by Piotrek Co., Ltd.) was used.
- a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode were laminated in this order to form a laminate, impregnated with the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in each example or comparative example, and then the laminate was sealed to prepare coin cells. All the coin cells were assembled in an argon glove box having a dew point of ⁇ 70 ° C. or lower.
- the produced coin cell is a constant current having a charge end voltage of 4.2 V, a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V, and 0.2 C (the current value for charging or discharging the rated capacity in one hour is 1 C) in a thermostatic chamber at 25 ° C.
- the battery was charged and discharged for 5 cycles by the constant voltage method.
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Abstract
Description
成分(B):下記化学式(2)で表されるホウ素錯体塩、又はホウ酸エステル、酸無水物、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート、ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネート、環状スルホン酸エステル、下記化学式(3)で表されるアセトアセチル基を有するアミン類及び下記化学式(4)~(6)の何れかで表されるリン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物
本実施の形態に係る二次電池用非水電解液(以下、「非水電解液」という。)は、電解質を溶解させた有機溶媒(非水溶媒)に、少なくとも1種の後述の成分(A)を添加剤として含むものである。
前記成分(A)は、非水電解液中に少なくとも1種含まれており、具体的には、下記化学式(1)で表される化合物である。
次に、成分(A)の製造方法について、成分(A)がモノフルオロリン酸エステル塩である場合(すなわち、前記化学式(1)中のXがフッ素原子である場合)を例にして、以下に説明する。
本実施の形態の非水電解液においては、少なくとも1種の後述の成分(B)を、さらに添加剤として含有してもよい。これにより、さらに一層高温環境下でのサイクル特性を改善することができる。
成分(b1):1種のホウ素錯体塩。
成分(b2):ホウ酸エステル、酸無水物、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート、ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネート、環状スルホン酸エステル、アセトアセチル基を有するアミン類及びリン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物。
前記成分(b1)のホウ素錯体塩は、具体的には、下記化学式(2)で表されるものである。
前記成分(b2)におけるホウ酸エステルとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。具体的には、例えば、ホウ酸トリメチル、ホウ酸トリエチル、ホウ酸トリイソプロピル、ホウ酸トリブチル、ホウ酸トリペンチル、ホウ酸トリヘキシル、ホウ酸トリへプチル、ホウ酸トリフェニル、2ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2-ヨードエチル)、ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2-トリブロモエチル)、ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2-トリクロロエチル)ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)ホウ酸トリス(4-ヨードフェニル)、ホウ酸トリス(4-ブロモフェニル)、ホウ酸トリス(4-クロロフェニル)、ホウ酸トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)、ホウ酸ジエチルメチル、ホウ酸エチルジメチル等が挙げられる。
前記成分(b2)における酸無水物としては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。具体的には、例えば、酢酸無水物、プロピオン酸無水物、酪酸無水物、吉草酸無水物、ヘキサン酸無水物、へプタン酸無水物、オクタン酸無水物、ノナン酸無水物、デカン酸無水物、エイコサン酸無水物、ドコサン酸無水物、安息香酸無水物、4-メトキシ安息香酸無水物、ジフェニル酢酸無水物、クロトン酸無水物、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸無水物、エライジン酸無水物、イソ酪酸無水物、イソ吉草酸無水物、ラウリン酸無水物、リノール酸無水物、ミリスチン酸無水物、アンゲリカ酸無水物、クロロジフルオロ酢酸無水物、トリクロロ酢酸無水物、ジフルオロ酢酸無水物、トリフルオロ酢酸無水物、4-トリフルオロメチル安息香酸無水物などの直鎖カルボン酸無水物、フタル酸無水物、3-アセトアミドフタル酸無水物、4,4’-カルボニルジフタル酸無水物、4,4’-ビフタル酸無水物、3-ヨードフタル酸無水物、3-ブロモフタル酸無水物、3-クロロフタル酸無水物、3-フルオロフタル酸無水物、4-ヨードフタル酸無水物、4-ブロモフタル酸無水物、4-クロロフタル酸無水物、4-クロロフタル酸無水物、4,5-ジヨードフタル酸無水物、4,5-ジブロモフタル酸無水物、4,5-ジクロロフタル酸無水物、4,5-ジフルオロフタル酸無水物、4,4’-スルホニルジフタル酸無水物、3-ニトロフタル酸無水物、4-ニトロフタル酸無水物、exo-3,6-エポキシヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物、exo-3,6-エポキシ-1,2,3,6-テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物、テトラヨードフタル酸無水物、テトラクロロフタル酸無水物、テトラフルオロフタル酸無水物、4-tert-ブチルフタル酸無水物、4-エチニルフタル酸無水物、4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物、コハク酸無水物、(R)-(+)-2-アセトキシコハク酸無水物、(S)-(-)-2-アセトキシコハク酸無水物、2-ブテン-1-イルコハク酸無水物、ブチルコハク酸無水物、デシルコハク酸無水物、2,3-ジメチルコハク酸無水物、2-ドデセン-1-イルコハク酸無水物、ドデシルコハク酸無水物、オクタデセニコハク酸無水物、(2,7-オクタジエン-1-イル)コハク酸無水物、n-オクチルコハク酸無水物、ヘキサデシルコハク酸無水物、マレイン酸無水物、2,3-ビス(2,4,5-トリメチル-3-チエニル)マレイン酸無水物、2-(-2-カルボキシエチル)-3-メチル-マレイン酸無水物、2,3-ジメチルマレイン酸無水物、2,3-ジフェニルマレイン酸無水物、フェニルマレイン酸無水物、4-ペンテン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、2,3-アントラセンジカルボン酸無水物、ビシクロ[2,2,2]オクト-5-エン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物、4-ブロモ-1,8-ナフタレンジカルボン酸無水物、(±)-trans-1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物、cis-4-シクロヘキセン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、2,5-ジブロモ-3,4-チオフェンジカルボン酸無水物、5,6-ジヒドロ-1,4-ジチイン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物、2,2’-ビフェニルジカルボン酸無水物、4-メチルシクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、3-メチル-4-シクロヘキセン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、4-メチル-4-シクロヘキセン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、2,3-ナフタレンジカルボン酸無水物、3,4-チオフェンジカルボン酸無水物、1,8-ナフタレンジカルボン酸無水物、5-ノルボネン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物、1,2-シクロプロパンジカルボン酸無水物、グルタル酸無水物、3,3-ペンタメチレングルタル酸無水物、2,2-ジメチルグルタル酸無水物、3,3-ジメチルグルタル酸無水物、3-メチルグルタル酸無水物、2-フタルイミドグルタル酸無水物、3,3-テトラメチレングルタル酸無水物、N-メチルイサト酸無水物、4-ヨードイサト酸無水物、4-ブロモイサト酸無水物、4-クロロイサト酸無水物、4-フルオロイサト酸無水物、5-ヨードイサト酸無水物、5-ブロモイサト酸無水物、5-クロロイサト酸無水物、5-フルオロイサト酸無水物、イタコン酸無水物、カロン酸無水物、シトラコン酸無水物、ジグリコール酸無水物、1,2-ナフタル酸無水物、ピロメリット酸無水物、ヘット酸無水物、2,2,3,3,4,4-ヘキサフルオロペンタン二酸無水物などの環状カルボンサン無水物、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物、p-トルエンスルホン酸無水物などの直鎖スルホン酸無水物、2-スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラヨード-O-スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラブロモ-O-スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラクロロ-O-スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラフルオロ-O-スルホ安息香酸無水物などの環状スルホン酸無水物、ジフェニルホスフィン酸などの鎖状ホスフィン酸無水物、1-プロパンホスホン酸無水物などの環状ホスホン酸無水物、3.4-ジヨードフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4-ジブロモフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4-ジクロロフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4-ジフルオロフェニルボロン酸無水物、4-ヨードフェニルボロン酸無水物、4-ブロモフェニルボロン酸無水物、4-クロロフェニルボロン酸無水物、4-フルオロフェニルボロン酸無水物、(m-ターフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5-トリヨードフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5-トリブロモフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5-トリクロロフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5-トリフルオロフェニルボロン酸無水物等が挙げられる。これらの酸無水物のうち、本実施の形態においては、環状構造を有しているものが好ましく、更に分子内に不飽和結合を有しているものが好ましい。尚、酸無水物は、入手しやすさの観点と、環状構造及び分子内に不飽和結合を有しているとの観点からは、無水マレイン酸が特に好ましい。
前記成分(b2)における不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。前記不飽和結合の数は1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が特に好ましい。不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、具体的には、例えば、ビニレンカーボネート、ヨードビニレンカーボネート、ブロモビニレンカーボネート、クロロビニレンカーボネート、フルオロビニレンカーボネート、1,2-ジヨードビニレンカーボネート、1,2-ジブロモビニレンカーボネート、1,2-ジクロロビニレンカーボネート、1,2-ジフルオロビニレンカーボネート、メチルビニレンカーボネート、ヨードメチルビニレンカーボネート、ブロモメチルビニレンカーボネート、クロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、フルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジクロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジブロモメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジクロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジフルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリヨードメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリブロモメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリクロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリフルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、エチルビニレンカーボネート、プロピルビニレンカーボネート、ブチルビニレンカーボネート、ジメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジエチルビニレンカーボネート、ジプロピルビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。尚、前記不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、入手しやすさの観点から、ビニレンカーボネートが好ましい。
前記成分(b2)におけるハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネートとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。ここで、ハロゲン原子とは、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を意味する。ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネートとしては、具体的には、例えば、ヨードエチレンカーボネート、ブロモエチレンカーボネート、クロロエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,2-ジヨードエチレンカーボネート、1,2-ジブロモエチレンカーボネート、1,2-ジクロロエチレンカーボネート、1,2-ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。尚、前記不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、入手しやすさの観点から、クロロエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネートが好ましい。
前記成分(b2)における環状スルホン酸エステルとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。環状スルホン酸エステルとしては、具体的には、例えば、1,3-プロパンスルトン、2,4-ブタンスルトン、1,4-ブタンスルトン、エチレンサルファイト等が挙げられる。尚、前記環状スルホン酸エステルとしては、入手しやすさの観点から、1,3-プロパンスルトン、エチレンサルファイトが好ましい。
前記成分(b2)におけるアセトアセチル基を有するアミン類は、具体的には、下記化学式(3)で表されるものである。
前記成分(b2)におけるリン化合物としては、下記化学式(4)で表されるものが挙げられる。
次に、下記化学式(5)で表されるリン化合物について説明する。但し、前記化学式(4)で表されるリン化合物において説明したものと同一のものについては、その説明を省略する。
次に、下記化学式(6)で表されるリン化合物について説明する。但し、前記化学式(4)で表されるリン化合物において説明したものと同一のものについては、その説明を省略する。
前記電解質としては、従来公知のものを採用することができる。例えば、リチウムイオン電池用の場合はリチウム塩が用いられ、ナトリウムイオン電池用の場合はナトリウム塩が用いられる。従って、二次電池の種類に応じて電解質の種類は適宜選択すればよい。
前記非水電解液に用いられる前記有機溶媒(非水溶媒)としては特に限定されず、例えば、環状炭酸エステル、鎖状炭酸エステル、リン酸エステル、環状エーテル、鎖状エーテル、ラクトン化合物、鎖状エステル、ニトリル化合物、アミド化合物、スルホン化合物等が挙げられる。これらの有機溶媒のうち、リチウム二次電池用有機溶媒として一般的に使用される点からは、炭酸エステルが好ましい。
本実施の形態の非水電解液は、例えば、前記の有機溶媒(非水溶媒)に前記電解質の塩を加えた後に、少なくとも1種の前記成分(A)を添加する。さらに、成分(B)を添加してもよい。この際、前記有機溶媒や電解質の塩、成分(A)及び成分(B)としては、製造効率を低下させない範囲内で予め精製等して、不純物が極力少ないものを用いることが好ましい。尚、前記成分(A)、又は成分(B)の化合物を複数種用いる場合、それらの添加の順序は適宜必要に応じて設定することができる。
本実施の形態に係る非水電解液には、従来公知のその他の添加剤が添加されていてもよい。この場合、その他の添加剤の添加量は、適宜必要に応じて設定することができる。
次に、本発明の二次電池として、リチウムイオン二次電池を例にして以下に説明する。図1は、前記非水電解液を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池の概略を示す断面模式図である。
<モノフルオロリン酸ジエチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた300mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム33.7gとアセトニトリル150gを入れ、さらにクロロリン酸ジエチル〈東京化成工業(株)製〉50.3gを加えた。続いて、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、窒素気流下、100℃で7時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、吸引ろ過により過剰のフッ化カリウムおよび析出した塩化カリウムを除去した。エバポレーターにより得られたろ液中の溶媒を留去し、目的物である淡黄色透明液体のモノフルオロリン酸ジエチル42gを得た。
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに塩化リチウム1.1gと、前記のモノフルオロリン酸ジエチル20.0gを加えた。窒素気流下、120℃で1.5時間加熱還流を行った。反応溶液を室温まで放冷後、反応溶液中の析出物を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、白色固体を得た。窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥を行い、目的物であるモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウム3.0gを得た。
<モノフルオロリン酸ジメチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム3.9gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらにクロロリン酸ジメチル6.5gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、80℃~100℃で2時間加熱還流を行った。さらに、前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液の減圧濾過を行うことにより、白色固体とろ液とに分離した。これにより、微黄色透明の液体であるモノフルオロリン酸ジメチルのアセトニトリル溶液を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコに塩化リチウム無水1.0gを投入し、さらに前記フルオロリン酸ジメチルのアセトニトリル溶液を投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、110℃~120℃で4時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、減圧下、40℃で当該溶液中の溶媒を留去することにより、白色固体2.1gを得た。
<フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム5.2gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらにクロロリン酸ジイソプロピル12.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、窒素気流下、80℃~100℃で2時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、減圧濾過により過剰のフッ化カリウム及び析出した塩化カリウムを除去した。エバポレーターにより得られたろ液中の溶媒を40℃で留去し、目的物である微黄色透明液体のフルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル10.0gを得た。
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに臭化リチウム無水1.2gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらに前記フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル5.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、110℃~120℃で5時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液中の析出物を減圧濾過により濾別した。その後、析出物を窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥し、白色固体1.6gを得た。
<フルオロリン酸ジブチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム4.4gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらにクロロリン酸ジブチル11.5gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、80℃~100℃で2時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、減圧濾過を行うことにより白色固体とろ液とを分離した。続いて、減圧下、40℃で濾液中の溶媒を留去することにより、微黄色透明の液体であるフルオロリン酸ジブチル6.8gを得た。
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに臭化リチウム無水1.0gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらに前記フルオロリン酸ジブチル5.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、110℃~120℃で3時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液中の析出物を減圧濾過により濾別した。その後、析出物を窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥し、白色固体1.6gを得た。
<フルオロリン酸ビス(2-エトキシエチル)の合成>
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム1.5gとアセトニトリル16gを投入し、さらに前記クロロリン酸ビス(2-エトキシエチル)4.6gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、50℃~60℃で2時間加熱した。さらに、溶液にシリカゲルを投入して撹拌を行い、減圧下、40℃で当該溶液中の溶媒を留去し、目的物を含む白色固体混合物を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコに臭化リチウム無水0.2gとアセトニトリル10gを投入し、続いて前記フルオロリン酸ビス(2-エトキシエチル)1.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、50℃~60℃で4.5時間加熱した。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液中の析出物を減圧濾過により濾別した。その後、析出物を窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥し、白色固体0.4gを得た。
<モノフルオロリン酸エチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコに前記エチルフルオロリン酸リチウム13.7gとジエチルエーテル50gを投入した。続いて、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、硫酸4.0gを少しずつ投入した。その後、常温で1時間撹拌を行った。さらに、減圧濾過を行い、白色沈殿物とろ液を分離した。続いて、減圧下でろ液中の溶媒を留去することにより、無色透明の液体であるモノフルオロリン酸エチル9.6gを得た。
<非水電解液の作製>
露点が-70℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気ドライボックス内で、エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)からなる混合溶媒(体積比率でEC:DMC=1:1、キシダ化学株式会社製、リチウムバッテリーグレード)に対し、LiPF6の濃度が1.0モル/リットルとなる様に調製した。
本実施例においては、添加剤として、さらに、非水電解液の全質量に対し添加濃度が0.5質量%となるように、リチウムビスオキサレートボレートを前記混合溶媒に加えた。それ以外は、前記実施例1と同様にして、本実施例に係る非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、ビニレンカーボネートを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、フルオロエチレンカーボネートを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、ホウ酸トリメチルを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、ビス(2,2,2、-トリフルオロエチル)リン酸リチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミドを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、マレイン酸無水物を添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、1,3-プロパンスルトンを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、添加剤として、さらに、非水電解液の全質量に対し添加濃度が0.5質量%となるように、マレイン酸無水物を添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして、本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸メチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸イソプロピルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸ブチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸(2-エトキシエチル)リチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸メチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸イソプロピルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸ブチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸(2-エトキシエチル)リチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例1のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸エチルを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例1のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムの添加濃度を0.05質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例1のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムの添加濃度を2.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートの添加濃度を0.05質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートの添加濃度を5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
露点が-70℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気ドライボックス内で、エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)からなる混合溶媒(体積比率でEC:DMC=1:1、キシダ化学株式会社製、リチウムバッテリーグレード)に対し、LiPF6の濃度が1.0モル/リットルとなる様に調製した。これにより、本比較例に係る非水電解液を調製した。
本比較例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムを添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして本比較例の非水電解液を調製した。
<コインセルの作製>
図1に示すようなコイン型のリチウム二次電池を作製し、各実施例及び比較例の非水電解液の電気化学特性を評価した。
即ち、正極に、直径9mmφに切り出したLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(パイオトレック(株)製)を用い、セパレータにポリエチレン製セパレータを用い、負極に、直径10mmφに切り出した天然黒鉛シート(パイオトレック株式会社製)を用いた。さらに、正極、セパレータ及び負極の順に積層して積層体とし、各実施例又は比較例で調製した非水電解液を含浸させた後、当該積層体を密閉して、コインセルをそれぞれ作製した。コインセルの組み立ては、全て露点-70℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で行った。
作製したコインセルは、25℃の恒温槽内で充電終止電圧4.2V、放電終止電圧3.0V、0.2C(定格容量を1時間で充電もしくは放電する電流値を1Cとする)の定電流定電圧法にて5サイクルの慣らし充放電をした。
慣らし充放電の終了したコインセルを、60℃の恒温槽内で充電終止電圧4.2V、放電終止電圧3.0V、0.2Cの定電流定電圧法にて50サイクル充放電した。50サイクル後の放電容量を比較評価した。下記表1及び表2に、比較例1を100としたときの、実施例1~23及び比較例2の放電容量の比率を示す。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
4 正極缶
5 負極缶
6 ガスケット
7 スペーサー
Claims (6)
- さらに、少なくとも1種の下記成分(B)を含む請求項1に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
成分(B):下記化学式(2)で表されるホウ素錯体塩、又はホウ酸エステル、酸無水物、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート、ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネート、環状スルホン酸エステル、下記化学式(3)で表されるアセトアセチル基を有するアミン類及び下記化学式(4)~(6)の何れかで表されるリン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物
- 前記成分(A)の添加量は、前記二次電池用非水電解液の全質量に対し、0.05質量%~5質量%である請求項1記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記成分(B)の添加量は、前記二次電池用非水電解液の全質量に対し、0.05質量%~5質量%である請求項1に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記成分(A)が、モノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムである請求項1~4に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の二次電池用非水電解液、正極および負極を少なくとも備えた二次電池。
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2016
- 2016-12-22 US US16/065,721 patent/US20210202991A1/en active Pending
- 2016-12-22 KR KR1020187020963A patent/KR20180089525A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-22 EP EP16878982.4A patent/EP3396768B1/en active Active
- 2016-12-22 CN CN201680076242.6A patent/CN108475822B/zh active Active
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US10396399B2 (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2019-08-27 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Liquid electrolyte, and method for manufacturing phosphate |
US10686222B2 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2020-06-16 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Liquid electrolyte, and method for manufacturing phosphate |
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CN109687026A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-26 | 杉杉新材料(衢州)有限公司 | 一种高压三元锂离子电池电解液及含该电解液的锂离子电池 |
JP2020194638A (ja) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いた蓄電デバイス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6607842B2 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
CN108475822B (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
JP7242048B2 (ja) | 2023-03-20 |
JP2019220474A (ja) | 2019-12-26 |
EP3396768A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
CN108475822A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
US20210202991A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
EP3396768A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
JP2017120780A (ja) | 2017-07-06 |
EP3396768B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
KR20180089525A (ko) | 2018-08-08 |
PL3396768T3 (pl) | 2020-11-16 |
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