WO2016145724A1 - 一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具 - Google Patents

一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016145724A1
WO2016145724A1 PCT/CN2015/077901 CN2015077901W WO2016145724A1 WO 2016145724 A1 WO2016145724 A1 WO 2016145724A1 CN 2015077901 W CN2015077901 W CN 2015077901W WO 2016145724 A1 WO2016145724 A1 WO 2016145724A1
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Prior art keywords
plate
positioning
guiding
guide
hole
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/077901
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王匀
杜金星
柏云
于浩
许桢英
殷苏民
王雪鹏
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US15/545,173 priority Critical patent/US10315278B2/en
Publication of WO2016145724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016145724A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an adjustable clamp for a ship deck welding test, belonging to the technical field of welding equipment.
  • the technology usually uses anti-deformation method, jump welding method, hammering welding method, etc. These methods can reduce the deformation after welding to a certain extent, but the effect is not satisfactory; the fixtures and positioning devices used to study the weld quality and the post-weld performance of the welded parts are often complicated, expensive, and also It is difficult to satisfy the arbitrariness of the positioning point and the clamping force.
  • the patent number CN102601566A discloses a bridge plate unit rocking type anti-deformation welding jig; however, the disadvantage of this technology is that it needs to be driven by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and the components thereof are relatively complicated and the manufacturing cost is relatively large;
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable clamp for marine deck welding test, which overcomes the complicated and expensive structure of the clamp and positioning device used in the prior art, and is also difficult to satisfy the positioning point and the clamp.
  • Technical deficiencies of the arbitrariness of the tightening force are also difficult to satisfy the positioning point and the clamp.
  • Adjustable clamp for marine deck welding test comprising supporting device, guiding positioning device and clamping device;
  • the supporting device comprises a work table and at least four supporting blocks, the supporting block is located at a corner of the worktable, and a lower surface thereof is fixedly connected with an upper surface of the worktable;
  • the guiding and positioning device comprises a plurality of guiding shafts, a plurality of guiding plates and a plurality of positioning rods; the guiding shafts are located at two sides of the working table; the guiding shafts are detachably connected with the supporting blocks; Passing through the guide plate, the guide plate is horizontally slidable along the guide shaft; the guide plate is provided with at least one row of through holes in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction thereof; the central portion of the through hole is a guide plate bolt hole on both sides Positioning hole for the guiding plate; the positioning rod is placed in the positioning hole of the guiding plate and the upper end is higher than the guiding plate;
  • the tightening device includes a plurality of pressing plates, the pressing plate is located at an upper portion of the guiding plate, and the pressing plate is provided with a pressing plate bolt hole corresponding to the guiding plate bolt hole; the pressing plate and the pressing plate
  • the guide plate is fixedly connected by a bolt mounted in the bolt hole of the guide plate and the bolt hole of the pressing plate.
  • the support blocks are four, respectively located at four corners of the table; the upper portion of the support block is a U-shaped groove; the middle portion of the guide shaft is an optical axis, both ends
  • the threaded shaft is coupled with a nut; the guide shaft is clearance-fitted with the U-shaped groove of the support block, and the guide shaft is movable in the vertical direction along the U-shaped groove, and can be fixedly connected to the support block by nuts at both ends.
  • the support blocks are four, respectively located at four corners of the table; the support block is provided with a plurality of guide shaft positioning holes in the vertical direction, and both ends of the guide shaft The positioning holes can be positioned at different positions of the support block by the guide shaft.
  • the guiding shaft, the guiding plate and the pressing plate are both; the guiding plate is provided with a row of through holes perpendicular to the sliding direction thereof, and the guiding plate positioning hole is about the guiding plate bolt hole Symmetrical distribution; each pressing plate is connected with a pressing plate; the positioning rods are two, and are symmetrically located in the guiding plate positioning holes and the pressing plate positioning holes.
  • the pressing plate is provided with a plurality of pressing plate positioning holes corresponding to the positioning holes of the guiding plate; the diameter of the positioning holes of the pressing plate is smaller than the diameter of the positioning holes of the guiding plate; The upper end of the rod is the same diameter as the positioning hole of the pressing plate, and the lower end of the positioning rod has the same diameter as the positioning hole of the guiding plate; the positioning rod is located in the corresponding positioning hole of the guiding plate and the positioning hole of the pressing plate.
  • the guide shaft and the guide plate are two, and the pressing plate is four;
  • the guide plate is provided with two rows of through holes parallel to each other in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction thereof;
  • the plate positioning holes are symmetrically distributed with respect to the bolt holes of the guide plates;
  • the corresponding positioning rods of each of the guide plates are three, and are placed in the positioning holes of the guide plate and the positioning holes of the pressing plate to form a “triangle type”; corresponding to the upper part of each of the through holes a pressing plate, the two pressing plate portions on one side of the same guiding plate are connected with the horizontal plate, and the horizontal plate is provided with a horizontal plate bolt hole corresponding to the bolt hole of the pressing plate;
  • the horizontal plate A bolted connection between the pressure plate and the guide plate.
  • the center of the guiding plate is further provided with a central hole of the guiding plate;
  • the center of the horizontal plate is provided with a horizontal hole of the horizontal plate corresponding to the central hole of the guiding plate;
  • the guide plate is fixedly connected by bolts installed in the center hole of the guide plate and the center hole of the horizontal plate.
  • the pressing plate is provided with a pressing plate positioning hole corresponding to the positioning hole of the guiding plate; the diameter of the positioning hole of the pressing plate is smaller than the diameter of the positioning hole of the guiding plate; The upper end is the same diameter as the positioning hole of the pressing plate, and the lower end of the positioning rod has the same diameter as the positioning hole of the guiding plate.
  • the adjustable jig for the marine deck welding test provided by the invention satisfies the arbitrarily demanding and accurate positioning of the positioning point; (2) due to the pressing plate, The mating connection of the guide plates, bolts, etc., enables the adjustable clamp for the marine deck welding test provided by the present invention to meet the arbitrarily demanding of the clamping force; (3) due to only the worktable, the support block, the guide shaft, the guide plate The matching connection of the positioning rod, the nut, the bolt and the pressing plate makes the adjustable jig for the marine deck welding test provided by the invention have the advantages of simple structure, simple operation and low cost compared with the conventional jig; (4) due to each The upper part of each deck is provided with a guide plate, a positioning rod, a pressing plate and the like, so that the adjustable jig for the marine deck welding test provided by the invention can synchronously perform the welding performance comparison test of the marine deck at different positioning points and different clamping forces.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an adjustable jig for a ship deck welding test according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic view of a support block in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic view of a guide plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pressing plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view showing an adjustable jig for a ship deck welding test according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the adjustable clamp for the marine deck welding test according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a guide plate in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a horizontal plate in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or connected integrally; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • installation shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise.
  • , or connected integrally may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may include direct contact of the first and second features, and may also include first and second features, unless otherwise specifically defined and defined. It is not in direct contact but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature directly above and above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature directly below and below the second feature, or merely the first feature level being less than the second feature.
  • the design object of the invention is to provide an adjustable clamp for marine deck welding test, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, accurate positioning, low cost, arbitrarily adjustable positioning point and clamping force, and the like, and can simultaneously meet the requirements of marine use. Comparative test of the welding performance of the deck at different positioning points and different pressing forces.
  • the adjustable clamp for the marine deck welding test includes a supporting device and a guiding position.
  • the device and the tightening device comprise a table 1 and four support blocks 2, the support block 2 being located at four corners of the table 1, and a lower surface thereof being threadedly coupled to the upper surface of the table 1.
  • the guide positioning device comprises two guide shafts 3, two guide plates 4 and four positioning rods 5. As shown in FIG. 2, two ends of the two guiding shafts 3 are respectively connected with corresponding supporting blocks 2, the upper part of the supporting block 2 is a U-shaped groove; the middle part of the guiding shaft 3 is an optical axis.
  • the two ends are provided with a thread and a nut is connected; the guide shaft 3 is gap-fitted with the U-shaped groove of the support block 2, and the guide shaft 3 is movable in the vertical direction along the U-shaped groove and can pass through the nut and
  • the guide plate positioning hole 7 is in line with the guide plate bolt hole 6 and is symmetrical with respect to the guide plate bolt hole 6.
  • the clamping device comprises two pressing plates 8 , and an upper portion of each guiding plate 4 is correspondingly provided with a pressing plate 8 .
  • the pressing plate 8 is provided with a guiding plate bolt hole 6 and a pressing plate bolt hole 9 corresponding to the guiding plate positioning hole 7 and a pressing plate positioning hole 10; the guiding plate bolt hole 6 and the pressing plate bolt hole 9 are provided with matching bolts, and the guiding plate positioning hole 7
  • a positioning rod 5 is disposed in the positioning hole 10 of the pressing plate; the pressing plate 8 and the guiding plate 4 achieve a pressing action on the positioning rod 5 by fastening of the bolt.
  • each of the guide plates 4 uses two positioning rods 5, the lower end of which has a diameter larger than the upper end diameter, and the lower end diameter is the same as the diameter of the guide plate positioning hole 7, and the upper end diameter and the pressing plate are positioned.
  • the holes 10 have the same diameter for stable positioning.
  • the operation process is as follows: firstly, the four support blocks 2 are connected to the worktable 1 by screws, the guide shaft 3 is inserted through the two ends of the guide plate 4, and both ends of the guide shaft 3 are placed in the U-shaped groove of the corresponding support block 2.
  • an adjustable clamp for a marine deck welding test comprising a supporting device, a guiding positioning device and a tightening device, the supporting device comprising a work table 1 and four support blocks 2, the support block 2 being located at work The four corners of the table 1 and the lower surface thereof are screwed to the upper surface of the table 1.
  • the guiding and positioning device comprises a plurality of guiding shafts 3, a plurality of guiding plates 4 and a plurality of positioning rods 5.
  • the support block 2 is provided with a plurality of guide shaft positioning holes 11 in a vertical direction, and both ends of the guide shaft 3 can be fixedly connected to the support block 2 through the guide shaft positioning holes 11;
  • the guide shaft 3 is vertically moved and fixed by a plurality of guide shaft positioning holes 11; thus, both ends of the guide shaft 3 need only be inserted into the corresponding guide shaft positioning holes 11, so that the guide shaft 3 is in the vertical direction.
  • the adjustment and positioning on the upper side is easier to achieve, and in addition, the guide shaft 3 can carry more pressure.
  • the diameter of the lower end of the positioning rod 5 is larger than the diameter of the upper end, and the diameter of the lower end is the same as the diameter of the positioning hole 7 of the guide plate, and the diameter of the upper end is the same as the diameter of the positioning hole 10 of the pressing plate.
  • the guide shafts 3 are respectively inserted at two ends of the guide plate 4; the guide plates 4 are horizontally slidable along the guide shaft 3; the guide plate 4 is provided with a guide plate bolt hole 6 and a plurality of guide plate positioning holes 7
  • the guide plate bolt holes 6 are located at the center of the guide plate 4, and the guide plate positioning holes 7 are in line with the guide plate bolt holes 6, and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the guide plate bolt holes 6.
  • the clamping device comprises two pressing plates 8 , the pressing plate 8 is located at an upper portion of the guiding plate 4 , and the pressing plate 8 is provided with a pressure corresponding to the guiding plate bolt hole 6 and the guiding plate positioning hole 7 .
  • the diameter of the lower end of the positioning rod 5 is larger than the diameter of the upper end, and the diameter of the lower end is the same as the diameter of the positioning hole 7 of the guide plate, and the diameter of the upper end is the same as the diameter of the positioning hole 10 of the pressing plate; the pressing plate 8
  • the pressing action of the positioning rod 5 is achieved by the fastening of the guide plate 4 by bolts.
  • the operation process is as follows: firstly, the four support blocks 2 are connected to the worktable 1 by screws, and the guide shafts 3 are inserted through the two ends of the guide plates 4. According to the thickness of the first deck and the second deck, the two guide shafts 3 are The end is placed in the guide shaft positioning hole 11 of the corresponding support block 2; the first deck and the second deck to be welded are sequentially placed on the workbench to make the weld The center line coincides with the center line of the table 1. At this time, the position of the guide plate 4 is adjusted so that the guide plate 4 is symmetric about the center line of the weld; the two positioning rods 5 are symmetrically inserted in the positioning holes 7 of the guide plate and the positioning of the pressing plate.
  • K the torque coefficient of the bolt
  • D is the nominal diameter of the bolt
  • the welding test under different clamping forces can be obtained by simply changing the pressing force F; by changing the guide plate 4 on the guide shaft 3
  • the position and the position of the positioning rod 5 in the guide plate positioning hole 7 and the pressing plate positioning hole 10 can be obtained by welding tests under different positioning points; thereby finding the optimum welding parameters.
  • an adjustable clamp for a marine deck welding test includes a supporting device, a guiding positioning device and a tightening device, the supporting device comprising a table 1 and four supporting blocks 2, the supporting block 2 being located at work The four corners of the table 1 and the lower surface thereof are screwed to the upper surface of the table 1.
  • the guiding and positioning device comprises two guiding shafts 3, two guiding plates 4 and six positioning rods 5. As shown in FIG. 2, two ends of the two guiding shafts 3 are respectively connected with corresponding supporting blocks 2, the upper part of the supporting block 2 is a U-shaped groove; the middle part of the guiding shaft 3 is an optical axis.
  • the two ends are provided with a thread and a nut is connected; the guide shaft 3 is gap-fitted with the U-shaped groove of the support block 2, and the guide shaft 3 is movable in the vertical direction along the U-shaped groove and can pass through the nut and
  • the diameter of the lower end of the positioning rod 5 is larger than the diameter of the upper end, and the diameter of the lower end is the same as the diameter of the positioning hole 7 of the guide plate, and the diameter of the upper end is the same as the diameter of the positioning hole 10 of the pressing plate.
  • the guide shafts 3 are respectively inserted into the two ends of the guide plate 4; the guide plates 4 are horizontally slidable along the guide shaft 3; as shown in FIG. 7, the guide plates 4 are provided with two rows of through holes parallel to each other.
  • a guide plate center hole 14 is provided at the center of the guide plate 4.
  • a pressing plate 8 is disposed above each of the through holes, and the pressing plate 8 is provided with a row of pressing plate positioning holes 10 corresponding to the guiding plate positioning holes 7; two pressing members on the same side guiding plate 4
  • a horizontal plate 12 is further disposed above the plate 8; as shown in FIG.
  • the horizontal plate 12 is provided with a horizontal bolt hole 15 corresponding to the central hole 14 of the guide plate, and the horizontal plate 12 and the guide plate 4 Inter-bolt connection; each of the three positioning rods 5 is located in the corresponding guide plate positioning hole 7 and the pressing plate positioning hole 10, forming a "triangle type", so that the deck is positioned more reliably during welding, and the deck welding can be better ensured.
  • the number and distribution of the positioning rods can be varied by this scheme, and the adaptability to the deck positioning position and the clamping force is greater.
  • the operation process is as follows: first, the four support blocks 2 are connected to the table 1 by screws, and the guide shaft 3 is inserted in the At both ends of the guide plate 4, the two ends of the guide shaft 3 are placed on the U-shaped groove of the corresponding support block 2, and the nut at both ends of the guide shaft 3 is adjusted according to the thickness h of the first deck and the second deck, and the guide shaft 3 is adjusted.
  • the guide shaft 3 is fixed on the two support blocks 2 with a certain clamping force; the first deck and the second deck to be welded are sequentially placed on the workbench, so that the center line of the weld seam coincides with the center line of the worktable 1, which Adjusting the position of the guide plate 4 to make the guide plate 4 symmetrical with respect to the center line of the weld bead; inserting the three positioning rods 5 into the positioning hole 7 of the guide plate and the positioning hole 10 of the pressing plate to make it "triangular",
  • the pressing plates 8 are respectively placed at corresponding positions, and the horizontal plates 12 are placed above each of the two pressing plates 8, and the horizontal holes 15 of the horizontal plates of the horizontal plates 12 and the central holes 14 of the guiding plates Place the bolt and the mating nut, use the digital torque wrench to screw the nut on the bolt, and tighten the nut on the bolt to tighten the pressing plate 8 and the guide plate 4, and then press the positioning rod 5;
  • the end of the positioning rod 5 which is in contact with the first deck

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，属于焊接设备技术领域，其包括支撑装置、导向定位装置和加紧装置；导向定位装置包括多个导向轴（3）、多个导向板（4）和多个定位杆（5）；位于工作台（1）的两侧的导向轴与支撑块（2）可拆卸连接；导向轴均穿过导向板，导向板可沿导向轴水平滑动；导向板沿垂直于其滑动方向上设有至少一列通孔，位于中心的为导向板螺栓孔（6），位于两边的为导向板定位孔（7）；定位杆放置于导向板定位孔中且上端高出导向板；加紧装置包括多个位于导向板的上部的压紧板（8），压紧板上设有与导向板螺栓孔相对应的压紧板螺栓孔（9）；压紧板与导向板螺栓连接。该夹具具有结构简单、操作简便、成本低，定位准确，定位点和夹紧力任意可调等优点。

Description

一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，属于焊接设备技术领域。
背景技术
在传统焊接技术领域，焊接过程中焊点处温度迅速升高，随着焊点的移动焊后温度也迅速下降，由于温差的影响使焊件内部产生很复杂的应力应变状态，焊缝处产生很大的残余拉应力，随着离焊缝位置的距离增大，残余拉应力逐渐变小。由于焊件内部这种复杂的不均匀的应力应变的存在，使得焊件冷却之后会产生很大的翘曲变形。焊接夹具是金属结构焊接时不可缺少的辅助器具，是焊接工艺的重要组成部分，现在技术中为了减小焊后的变形程度，通常采用反变形法、跳焊法、锤击焊缝法等，这些方法都可以在一定程度上减小焊后的变形，但是效果还不理想；目前研究焊缝质量及焊接件焊后性能所使用的夹具和定位装置往往都很复杂，价格比较昂贵，并且也很难满足定位点和夹紧力的任意性。
例如，专利号为CN102601566A公开了桥梁板单元摇摆式反变形焊接夹具；但该技术的缺点在于需要通过多个液压缸驱动，其组成零件比较复杂制造费用也比较大；
又如专利号为CN103317279A公开了多功能焊接试验试件夹具；但该技术的缺点在于焊接件处于悬空状态，不能够夹持大型板件，并且不能保证对焊接件夹持位置的任意性以及不能施加大的夹紧力。
因此，研究焊接件在不同位置夹紧及不同夹紧程度下的焊接质量，从中找出最优的焊接参数对于提高焊接件的性能具有至关重要的作用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供了一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，以克服现有技术中所使用的夹具和定位装置结构复杂、价格昂贵，并且也很难满足定位点和夹紧力的任意性的技术缺陷。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出的技术方案如下：
一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，包括支撑装置、导向定位装置和加紧装置；
所述支撑装置包括工作台和至少四个支撑块，所述支撑块位于工作台的边角处，且其下表面与工作台的上表面固定连接；
所述导向定位装置包括多个导向轴、多个导向板和多个定位杆；所述导向轴位于工作台的两侧；所述导向轴与所述支撑块可拆卸连接；所述导向轴均穿过导向板，所述导向板可沿导向轴水平滑动；所述导向板沿垂直于其滑动方向上设有至少一列通孔；所述通孔中位于中心的为导向板螺栓孔，位于两边的为导向板定位孔；所述定位杆放置于导向板定位孔中且上端高出导向板；
所述加紧装置包括多个压紧板，所述压紧板位于导向板的上部，所述压紧板上设有与导向板螺栓孔相对应的压紧板螺栓孔；所述压紧板与导向板通过安装在导向板螺栓孔和压紧板螺栓孔内的螺栓固定连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述支撑块为四个，分别位于工作台的四个边角处；所述支撑块的上部分为U型槽；所述导向轴的中间部分为光轴，两端设有螺纹并连接有螺母；所述导向轴与支撑块的U型槽间隙配合，所述导向轴可沿U型槽在竖直方向上移动，且可通过两端的螺母与支撑块固定连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述支撑块的U型槽宽度W和导向轴两端的螺纹公称直径d1的关系式为W＝(1.05～1.1)×d1。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述支撑块为四个，分别位于工作台的四个边角处；所述支撑块在竖直方向上设有多个导向轴定位孔，所述导向轴的两端可通过导向轴定位孔处于支撑块的不同位置。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述导向轴、导向板和压紧板均为两个；所述导向板上沿垂直于其滑动方向设有一列通孔，所述导向板定位孔关于导向板螺栓孔对称分布；每个导向板上部连接一个压紧板；所述定位杆为两个，且对称的位于导向板定位孔和压紧板定位孔中。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述压紧板上设有与导向板定位孔相对应的多个压紧板定位孔；所述压紧板定位孔的直径小于导向板定位孔的直径；所述定位杆的上端与压紧板定位孔的直径相同，所述定位杆的下端与导向板定位孔的直径相同；所述定位杆位于相对应的导向板定位孔和压紧板定位孔中。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述导向轴和导向板为两个，所述压紧板为四个；所述导向板上沿垂直于其滑动方向设有相互平行的两列通孔；所述导向板定位孔关于导向板螺栓孔对称分布；每个导向板对应的定位杆为三个，放置于导向板定位孔和压紧板定位孔中构成“三角型”；每列通孔上部对应的设有一个压紧板，位于同一导向板一侧的两个压紧板上部连接横板，所述横板上设有与压紧板螺栓孔相对应的横板螺栓孔；所述横板、 压紧板和导向板之间螺栓连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述导向板中心处还设有导向板中心孔；所述横板中心处设有与导向板中心孔相对应的横板中心孔；所述横板、压紧板和导向板通过安装于导向板中心孔和横板中心孔内的螺栓固定连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述压紧板上设有与导向板定位孔相对应的压紧板定位孔；所述压紧板定位孔的直径小于导向板定位孔的直径；所述定位杆的上端与压紧板定位孔的直径相同，所述定位杆的下端与导向板定位孔的直径相同。
作为本发明的进一步改进，上述导向板的下表面与工作台的上表面的距离H＝(6.5～7.5)×h，其中h为甲板的厚度。
通过本发明技术方案的描述，本发明能够实现的有益效果如下：
(1)由于导向轴、导向板、定位杆的配合连接，使得本发明提供的船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，满足对定位点的任意性需求且定位准确；(2)由于压紧板、导向板、螺栓等的配合连接，使得本发明提供的船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，满足对夹紧力的任意性需求；(3)由于仅仅通过工作台、支撑块、导向轴、导向板、定位杆、螺母、螺栓和压紧板的配合连接，使得本发明提供的船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，相对于传统夹具具有结构简单、操作简便、成本低的优点；(4)由于每个甲板上部均设有导向板、定位杆、压紧板等，使得本发明提供的船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，能够同步进行船用甲板在不同定位点和不同夹紧力下焊接性能对比试验。
附图说明
为了使本发明的上述目的、特征和技术特点能够更加明晰易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明，其中：
图1为本发明实施例1中所述船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中支撑块示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1中导向板示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1中压紧板示意图。
图5为本发明实施例2中所述船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例3中所述船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具的结构示意图.
图7为本发明实施例3中导向板示意图。
图8为本发明实施例3中横板示意图。
图中：
1-工作台，2-支撑块，3-导向轴，4-导向板，5-定位杆，6-导向板螺栓孔，7-导向板定位孔，8-压紧板，9-压紧板螺栓孔，10-压紧板定位孔，11-导向轴定位孔，12-横板，13-横板螺栓孔，14-横板中心孔。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
本发明的设计宗旨是提供了一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，具有结构简单、操作方便、定位准确、成本低、定位点和夹紧力任意可调等优点；同时可满足同步进行船用甲板在不同定位点和不同压紧力下的焊接性能的对比试验。
实施例1
如图1所示，所述一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，包括支撑装置、导向定位 装置和加紧装置，所述支撑装置包括工作台1和四个支撑块2，所述支撑块2位于工作台1的四个边角处，且其下表面与工作台1的上表面螺纹连接。
所述导向定位装置包括两个导向轴3、两个导向板4和四个定位杆5。如图2所示，两个所述导向轴3的两端分别与对应的支撑块2连接，所述支撑块2的上部分为U型槽；所述导向轴3的中间部分为光轴，两端设有螺纹并连接有螺母；所述导向轴3与支撑块2的U型槽之间为间隙配合，所述导向轴3可沿U型槽在竖直方向上移动且可通过螺母与支撑块2固定连接；其中，所述支撑块2的U型槽宽度W和导向轴3两端的螺纹公称直径d1的关系式为W＝(1.05～1.1)×d1。
所述导向轴3均穿过导向板4的两端；所述导向板4可沿导向轴3水平滑动，导向板4的下表面与工作台1的上表面的距离为H，其中H＝(6.5～7.5)×h；如图3所示，所述导向板4的设有一个导向板螺栓孔6和多个导向板定位孔7，所述导向板螺栓孔6位于导向板4的中心处，所述导向板定位孔7与导向板螺栓孔6在同一直线上，且关于导向板螺栓孔6对称。
所述加紧装置包括两个压紧板8，每个导向板4的上部对应设有一个压紧板8，如图4所示，所述压紧板8上设有与导向板螺栓孔6和导向板定位孔7相对应的压紧板螺栓孔9和压紧板定位孔10；所述导向板螺栓孔6和压紧板螺栓孔9内设有配合的螺栓，所述导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10内设有定位杆5；所述压紧板8和导向板4通过螺栓的紧固实现对定位杆5的压紧作用。优选的，每个导向板4的下部使用两个定位杆5，所述定位杆5的下端直径均大于上端直径，且下端直径与导向板定位孔7的直径相同，上端直径与压紧板定位孔10的直径相同，使定位稳固。
操作过程为：首先使四个支撑块2通过螺钉与工作台1相连接，将导向轴3穿插于导向板4的两端，将导向轴3的两端放置在对应支撑块2的U型槽上，根据第一甲板和第二甲板的厚度h，调节导向轴3两端的螺母，调整导向轴3在支撑块2的U型槽中的位置，使导向板4的下表面与工作台1的上表面的距离为H，其中H＝(6.5～7.5)×h；这里第一甲板和第二甲板的厚度h＝3cm，所以导向板4的下表面与工作台1的上表面的距离为H＝(6.5～7.5)×h，取H＝7×h＝21cm，拧紧导向轴3两端的螺母使导向轴3以一定的夹紧力固定在两个支撑块2上；将待焊接第一甲板和第二甲板依次放置在工作台上，使焊缝中心线与工作台1的中心线重合，此时调整导向板4的位置，使导向板4关于焊缝中心线对称；将2个定位杆5对称插在导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中，将螺栓放置在导向板螺栓孔6和压紧板螺栓孔9中；使用数显扭矩扳手旋合螺栓上的螺母，通过拧 紧螺栓上的螺母实现对导向板4的压紧，进而对定位杆5进行压紧；旋紧后与第一甲板和第二甲板接触的定位杆5的端部产生压紧力F，F＝V/(K×D)，其中V为数显扭矩扳手的读数，K为螺栓的扭矩系数，D为螺栓的公称直径；焊接完成后，只需改变压紧力F就可以得到不同夹紧力下的焊接试验；通过改变导向板4在导向轴3上的位置和定位杆5在导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中的位置可以得到不同定位点下的焊接试验；进而找出最优的焊接参数。
实施例2
如图5所示，一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，包括支撑装置、导向定位装置和加紧装置，所述支撑装置包括工作台1和四个支撑块2，所述支撑块2位于工作台1的四个边角处，且其下表面与工作台1的上表面螺纹连接。
所述导向定位装置包括多个导向轴3、多个导向板4和多个定位杆5。如图4所示，所述支撑块2在竖直方向上设有多个导向轴定位孔11，所述导向轴3的两端可通过导向轴定位孔11与支撑块2固定连接；所述导向轴3通过多个导向轴定位孔11实现竖直方向上移动与固定；这样导向轴3的两端只需要插进对应的导向轴定位孔11就可以了，使导向轴3在竖直方向上的调整和定位更容易实现，另外，导向轴3可以承载更大的压力。所述定位杆5的下端直径均大于上端直径，且下端直径与导向板定位孔7的直径相同，上端直径与压紧板定位孔10的直径相同。
所述导向轴3均穿插于导向板4的两端；所述导向板4可沿导向轴3水平滑动；所述导向板4的设有一个导向板螺栓孔6和多个导向板定位孔7，所述导向板螺栓孔6位于导向板4的中心处，所述导向板定位孔7与导向板螺栓孔6在同一直线上，且关于导向板螺栓孔6对称布置。
所述加紧装置包括两个压紧板8，所述压紧板8位于导向板4的上部，所述压紧板8上设有与导向板螺栓孔6和导向板定位孔7相对应的压紧板螺栓孔9和压紧板定位孔10；所述导向板螺栓孔6和压紧板螺栓孔9内设有配合的螺栓，所述导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10内设有定位杆5；所述定位杆5的下端直径均大于上端直径，且下端直径与导向板定位孔7的直径相同，上端直径与压紧板定位孔10的直径相同；所述压紧板8和导向板4通过螺栓的紧固实现对定位杆5的压紧作用。
操作过程为：首先使四个支撑块2通过螺钉与工作台1相连接，将导向轴3穿插于导向板4的两端，根据第一甲板和第二甲板的厚度，将导向轴3的两端放置在对应支撑块2的导向轴定位孔11中；将待焊接第一甲板和第二甲板依次放置在工作台上，使焊缝 中心线与工作台1的中心线重合，此时调整导向板4的位置，使导向板4关于焊缝中心线对称；将2个定位杆5对称插在导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中，将螺栓放置在导向板螺栓孔6和压紧板螺栓孔9中；使用数显扭矩扳手旋合螺栓上的螺母，通过拧紧螺栓上的螺母实现对导向板4的压紧，进而对定位杆5进行压紧；旋紧后与第一甲板和第二甲板接触的定位杆5的端部产生压紧力F，F＝V/(K×D)，其中V为数显扭矩扳手的读数，K为螺栓的扭矩系数，D为螺栓的公称直径；焊接完成后，只需改变压紧力F就可以得到不同夹紧力下的焊接试验；通过改变导向板4在导向轴3上的位置和定位杆5在导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中的位置可以得到不同定位点下的焊接试验；进而找出最优的焊接参数。
实施例3
如图6所示，一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，包括支撑装置、导向定位装置和加紧装置，所述支撑装置包括工作台1和四个支撑块2，所述支撑块2位于工作台1的四个边角处，且其下表面与工作台1的上表面螺纹连接。
所述导向定位装置包括2个导向轴3、2个导向板4和6个定位杆5。如图2所示，两个所述导向轴3的两端分别与对应的支撑块2连接，所述支撑块2的上部分为U型槽；所述导向轴3的中间部分为光轴，两端设有螺纹并连接有螺母；所述导向轴3与支撑块2的U型槽之间为间隙配合，所述导向轴3可沿U型槽在竖直方向上移动且可通过螺母与支撑块2固定连接；其中，所述支撑块2的U型槽宽度W和导向轴3两端的螺纹公称直径d1的关系式为W＝(1.05～1.1)×d1。所述定位杆5的下端直径均大于上端直径，且下端直径与导向板定位孔7的直径相同，上端直径与压紧板定位孔10的直径相同。
所述导向轴3均穿插于导向板4的两端；所述导向板4可沿导向轴3水平滑动；如图7所示，所述导向板4上设有相互平行的两列通孔，所述导向板4的中心处设有导向板中心孔14。每列通孔的上方设有一个压紧板8，所述压紧板8上设有与导向板定位孔7对应的一列压紧板定位孔10；位于同一侧导向板4的两个压紧板8的上方还设有横板12；如图8所示，所述横板12上设有与导向板中心孔14相对应的横板螺栓孔15，所述横板12与导向板4之间螺栓连接；每三个定位杆5位于相对应的导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中，构成“三角型”，使甲板在焊接时定位更可靠，能更好的保证甲板焊接的质量，此外，通过该方案可以变化的选择定位杆的数量和分布，对甲板定位位置和夹紧力的适应性更大。
操作过程为：首先使四个支撑块2通过螺钉与工作台1相连接，将导向轴3穿插于 导向板4的两端，将导向轴3的两端放置在对应支撑块2的U型槽上，根据第一甲板和第二甲板的厚度h，调节导向轴3两端的螺母，调整导向轴3在支撑块2的U型槽中的位置，使导向板4的下表面与工作台1的上表面的距离为H，其中H＝(6.5～7.5)×h；这里第一甲板和第二甲板的厚度h＝3cm，所以导向板4的下表面与工作台1的上表面的距离为H＝(6.5～7.5)×h，取H＝7×h＝21cm，拧紧导向轴3两端的螺母使导向轴3以一定的夹紧力固定在两个支撑块2上；将待焊接第一甲板和第二甲板依次放置在工作台上，使焊缝中心线与工作台1的中心线重合，此时调整导向板4的位置，使导向板4关于焊缝中心线对称；将3个定位杆5插在导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中，使其呈“三角型”，将压紧板8分别放在对应位置，每两个压紧板8上方放置横板12，在横板12的横板中心孔15和导向板中心孔14内放置螺栓和配合的螺母，使用数显扭矩扳手旋合螺栓上的螺母，通过拧紧螺栓上的螺母实现对压紧板8、导向板4的压紧，进而对定位杆5进行压紧；旋紧螺母后与第一甲板和第二甲板接触的定位杆5的端部产生压紧力F，F＝V/(K×D)，其中V为数显扭矩扳手的读数，K为螺栓的扭矩系数，D为螺栓的公称直径；焊接完成后，只需改变压紧力F就可以得到不同夹紧力下的焊接试验；通过改变导向板4在导向轴3上的位置和3个定位杆5在导向板定位孔7和压紧板定位孔10中的位置即可得到不同定位点下的焊接试验；进而找出最优的焊接参数。
以上对本发明所提供的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具并对此进行了详细介绍，本文应用了具体个例对本发明的原理和实施方式进行了阐述，所要说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，包括支撑装置、导向定位装置和加紧装置；
    所述支撑装置包括工作台(1)和至少四个支撑块(2)，所述支撑块(2)位于工作台(1)的边角处，且其下表面与工作台(1)的上表面固定连接；
    所述导向定位装置包括多个导向轴(3)、多个导向板(4)和多个定位杆(5)；所述导向轴(3)位于工作台(1)的两侧；所述导向轴(3)与所述支撑块(2)可拆卸连接；所述导向轴(3)均穿过导向板(4)，所述导向板(4)可沿导向轴(3)水平滑动；所述导向板(4)沿垂直于其滑动方向上设有至少一列通孔；所述通孔中位于中心的为导向板螺栓孔(6)，位于两边的为导向板定位孔(7)；所述定位杆(5)放置于导向板定位孔(7)中且上端高出导向板(4)；
    所述加紧装置包括多个压紧板(8)，所述压紧板(8)位于导向板(4)的上部，所述压紧板(8)上设有与导向板螺栓孔(6)相对应的压紧板螺栓孔(9)；所述压紧板(8)与导向板(4)通过安装在导向板螺栓孔(6)和压紧板螺栓孔(9)内的螺栓固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述支撑块(2)为四个，分别位于工作台(1)的四个边角处；所述支撑块(2)的上部分为U型槽；所述导向轴(3)的中间部分为光轴，两端设有螺纹并连接有螺母；所述导向轴(3)与支撑块(2)的U型槽间隙配合，所述导向轴(3)可沿U型槽在竖直方向上移动，且可通过两端的螺母与支撑块(2)固定。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述支撑块(2)的U型槽宽度W和导向轴(3)两端的螺纹公称直径d1的关系式为W＝(1.05～1.1)×d1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述支撑块(2)为四个，分别位于工作台(1)的四个边角处；所述支撑块(2)在竖直方向上设有多个导向轴定位孔(11)，所述导向轴(3)的两端通过导向轴定位孔(11)处于支撑块(2)的不同位置。
  5. 根据权利要求2或4所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述导向轴(3)、导向板(4)和压紧板(8)均为两个；所述导向板(4)上沿垂直于其滑动方向设有一列通孔，所述导向板定位孔(7)关于导向板螺栓孔(6)对称分布；每个导向板(4)上部连接一个压紧板(8)；所述定位杆(5)为两个，且对称的位于导向板定 位孔(7)和压紧板定位孔(10)中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述压紧板(8)上设有与导向板定位孔(7)相对应的多个压紧板定位孔(10)；所述压紧板定位孔(10)的直径小于导向板定位孔(7)的直径；所述定位杆(5)的上端与压紧板定位孔(10)的直径相同，所述定位杆(5)的下端与导向板定位孔(7)的直径相同；所述定位杆(5)位于相对应的导向板定位孔(7)和压紧板定位孔(10)中。
  7. 根据权利要求2或4所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，
    所述导向轴(3)和导向板(4)为两个，所述压紧板(8)为四个；
    所述导向板(4)上沿垂直于其滑动方向设有相互平行的两列通孔；所述导向板定位孔(7)关于导向板螺栓孔(6)对称分布；每个导向板(4)对应的定位杆(5)为三个，放置于导向板定位孔(7)和压紧板定位孔(10)中构成三角型分布；每列通孔上部对应的设有一个压紧板(8)，位于同一导向板(4)一侧的两个压紧板(8)上部连接横板(12)，所述横板(12)上设有与压紧板螺栓孔(9)相对应的横板螺栓孔(13)；所述横板(12)、压紧板(8)和导向板(4)之间螺栓连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述导向板(4)中心处还设有导向板中心孔(14)；所述横板(12)中心处设有与导向板中心孔(14)相对应的横板中心孔(15)；所述横板(12)、压紧板(8)和导向板(4)通过安装于导向板中心孔(14)和横板中心孔(15)内的螺栓固定连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述压紧板(8)上设有与导向板定位孔(7)相对应的压紧板定位孔(10)；所述压紧板定位孔(10)的直径小于导向板定位孔(7)的直径；所述定位杆(5)的上端与压紧板定位孔(10)的直径相同，所述定位杆(5)的下端与导向板定位孔(7)的直径相同。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种船用甲板焊接试验用可调式夹具，其特征在于，所述导向板(4)的下表面与工作台(1)的上表面的距离H＝(6.5～7.5)×h，其中h为甲板的厚度。
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