Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/64—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image
  • G02B27/646—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image compensating for small deviations, e.g. due to vibration or shake
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
  • F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
  • F03G7/0614—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using shape memory elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
  • F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
  • F03G7/0614—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using shape memory elements
  • F03G7/06143—Wires
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
  • F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F1/00—Springs
  • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
  • F16F1/025—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape
  • F16F1/027—Planar, e.g. in sheet form; leaf springs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
  • F16F15/005—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion using electro- or magnetostrictive actuation means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
  • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
  • G02B7/023—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses permitting adjustment
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
  • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
  • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
  • G02B7/08—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification adapted to co-operate with a remote control mechanism
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
  • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
  • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
  • G02B7/09—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification adapted for automatic focusing or varying magnification
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/02—Details
  • H05K1/0277—Bendability or stretchability details
  • H05K1/028—Bending or folding regions of flexible printed circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
  • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
  • H05K7/1417—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack having securing means for mounting boards, plates or wiring boards
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
  • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
  • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames

Definitions

• Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to suspension assemblies using shape-memory alloy (SMA) wires.
• SMA shape-memory alloy
• embodiments of the disclosure relate to an attachment structure that crimps an SMA wire, which couples a support member of a suspension assembly to a moving member of a suspension assembly.
• Various suspension assemblies use SMA wires to couple a support member of a suspension assembly to a moving member of the suspension assembly.
• suspensions using SMA wires can be found in camera lens suspension systems.
• PCT International Application Publication Nos. WO 2014/083318 and WO 2013/175197 disclose a camera lens optical image stabilization (OIS) suspension system that has a moving assembly (to which a camera lens element can be mounted) supported by a flexure element or spring plate on a stationary support assembly.
• the flexure element which is formed from metal such as phosphor bronze, has a moving plate and flexures. The flexures extend between the moving plate and the stationary support assembly and function as springs to enable the movement of the moving assembly with respect to the stationary support assembly.
• the flexures provide electrical connections from the support assembly to structures such as the camera lens element mounted to the moving assembly.
• the moving assembly and support assembly are coupled by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires extending between the assemblies.
• SMA shape memory alloy
• Each of the SMA wires has one end attached to the support assembly, and an opposite end attached to the moving assembly.
• the suspension is actuated by applying electrical drive signals to the SMA wires.
• Embodiments of the disclosure relate to improved suspensions having integrated electrical traces that couple the SMA wires in a manner that may reduce the likelihood of damaging the SMA wires.
• the suspension is functional, robust and efficient to manufacture.
• a suspension assembly comprises: a support member including a metal base layer, wherein the metal base layer includes a first attachment structure, the first attachment structure including: a first portion including first conductive traces being spaced apart by first spaces and a dielectric between the base layer and the first traces; and a second portion configured to be crimped together with the first portion, the second portion including second conductive traces being spaced apart by second spaces and a dielectric between the base layer and the second traces, wherein the first spaces substantially align with the second traces and the first traces substantially align with the second spaces; and a moving member movably coupled to the support member, the moving member including a plate, wherein the plate includes a second attachment structure; and a shape-memory alloy wire being coupled to the first and second portions and the second attachment structure.
• a suspension assembly comprises: a support member including a metal base layer, wherein the metal base layer includes a first attachment structure; a moving member movably coupled to the support member, the moving member including a plate, wherein the plate includes a second attachment structure, the second attachment structure including: a first portion including first dielectric members being spaced apart by first spaces; and a second portion configured to be crimped together with the first portion, the second portion including second dielectric members being spaced apart by second spaces, wherein the first spaces substantially align with the second members and the first members substantially align with the second spaces; and a shape-memory alloy wire being coupled to the first attachment structure and the first and second portions.
• a suspension assembly comprises: a support member including a metal base layer, wherein the base layer includes a first attachment structure; a moving member movably coupled to the support member, the moving member including a plate, wherein the plate includes a second attachment structure, the second attachment structure including: a first portion; and a second portion configured to be crimped together with the first portion, wherein at least one of the first and second portions includes at least one etched recess; and a shape-memory alloy wire coupled to the first attachment structure and the first and second portions.
• a suspension assembly comprises: a support member including: a metal base layer, wherein the base layer includes a first attachment structure, the first attachment structure including: a first portion including a recess, a platform and a first edge between the recess and platform; and a second portion configured to be crimped together with the first portion, the second portion including a second edge that is offset from the first edge, the first and second edges forming a cutting edge when the first and second portions are crimped together; a moving member movably coupled to the support member, the moving member including a plate, wherein the plate includes a second attachment structure; and a shape-memory alloy wire being coupled to the second structure and the first and second portions.
• a suspension assembly comprises: a support member including a metal base layer, wherein the base layer includes a first attachment structure; a moving member movably coupled to the support member, the moving member including a plate, wherein the plate includes a second attachment structure, the second attachment structure including: a first portion; a second portion configured to be crimped together with the first portion; and a member extending from at least one side of the first and second portions when the first and second portions are crimped together; and a shape-memory alloy wire coupled to the first attachment structure, the first and second portions and the mechanical engagement member.
• a suspension assembly comprises: a support member including a metal base layer, wherein the base layer includes a first attachment structure; a moving member movably coupled to the support member, the moving member including: a plate including a first portion; and a second portion configured to be crimped together with the first portion, wherein the second portion is non-unitary with the first portion and coupled to the first portion using at least one of: an adhesive, a weld and a solder joint; and a shape-memory alloy wire coupled to the first attachment structure and the first portion and second portions.
• the support member includes a metal base layer, conductive traces on the base layer, dielectric between the base layer and the traces, and a shape memory alloy wire attach structure.
• the moving member includes a plate, flexure arms extending from the plate and coupled to the support member, a metal base layer in the plate and flexure arms, conductive traces on the base layer of the flexure arms and optionally the plate, dielectric between the base layer and the traces, and a shape memory alloy wire attach structure.
• the conductive traces on the flexure arms are electrically connected to the conductive traces on the support member.
• FIG. 1A is a top isometric view of a suspension in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• FIG. IB is a top plan view of the suspension shown in FIG. 1 A.
• FIG. 2A is a top isometric view of the support member of the suspension shown in FIG. 1 A.
• FIG. 2B is a bottom plan view of the support member shown in FIG. 2A.
• FIG. 3 A is a detailed top isometric view of a mount region of the support member shown in FIG. 2A.
• FIG. 3B is a detailed bottom isometric view of the mount region of the support member shown in FIG. 2A.
• FIG. 4A is a top isometric view of the moving member of the suspension shown in FIG. 1 A.
• FIG. 4B is a bottom plan view of the moving member shown in FIG. 4A.
• FIG. 5 is a detailed top isometric view of a flexure arm mount region and a wire attach of the moving member shown in FIG. 4A.
• FIG. 6 is a detailed top isometric view of a flexure arm mounting region and a wire attach of the moving member shown in FIG. 4A.
• FIG. 7 is a detailed top isometric view of a support member mount region and a flexure arm mount region of the suspension shown in FIG. 1 A.
• FIGs. 8-14 are annotated illustrations of embodiments of the suspension.
• FIG. 15A is a top isometric view of an attachment structure that can be incorporated into the support member, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• FIG. 15B is a top plan view of the attachment structure shown in FIG. 15 A.
• FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a crimp that can be incorporated into the attachment structure shown in FIGs. 15A-15B.
• FIG. 17 illustrates a top isometric view of an attachment member including an illustrative cutting pad.
• FIG. 18 illustrates a top isometric view of an attachment member including another illustrative cutting pad.
• FIG. 19 illustrates an attachment structure that can be incorporated into the moving member.
• FIGs. 20A-20C illustrate an embodiment of a crimp that can be incorporated into attachment structure disclose herein.
• FIG. 21 depicts a base layer of a moving member, in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosure.
• FIGS. 22A-24B illustrate embodiments of partial etch patterns that can be etched into the attachment structures disclosed herein.
• FIGs. 25A-25C illustrate an attachment structure that can be incorporated into the moving member.
• FIGs. 26A-26B illustrate another embodiment of a crimp that can be incorporated into the attachment structures disclosed herein.
• FIGs. 27A-27C illustrate another embodiment of a crimp that can be incorporated into the attachment structures disclosed herein.
• FIGs. 28A-28B illustrate another embodiment of a crimp that can be incorporated into the attachment structure disclosed herein.
• FIG. 29 depicts another base layer of a moving member, in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosure.
• FIGs. 1A and IB illustrate a suspension assembly 10 in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• the suspension assembly 10 includes a flexible printed circuit (FPC) or support member 12 and a spring crimp circuit or moving member 14 that is coupled to the support member.
• Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires 15 extend between the support member 12 and the moving member 14, and can be electrically actuated to move and control the position of the moving member with respect to the support member.
• the suspension assembly 10 is a camera lens optical image stabilization (OIS) device that can be incorporated, for example, into mobile phones, tablets, laptop computers.
• OIS camera lens optical image stabilization
• FIGs. 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B illustrate the support member 12 in greater detail.
• the support member 12 includes a base layer 16 and a plurality of conductive traces 18 such as traces 18a-18d in a conductor layer on the base layer.
• a layer of dielectric 20 is located between the conductive traces 18 and the base layer 16 to electrically insulate the traces from the base layer 16.
• a plurality of wire attach structures such as crimps 24 (i.e., static crimps; four are shown in the illustrated embodiment) are located on the base layer 16.
• the crimps 24 are organized as two pairs of adjacent structures that are integrally formed on a ledge 25 in the base layer 16 at a level spaced (e.g., in a z-direction) from a major planar surface portion 26 of the base layer 16.
• Other embodiments include other wire attach structures (e.g., solder pads) and/or wire attach structures that are organized in other arrangements (e.g., singly rather than in pairs).
• bearing-retaining recesses 28 are formed in the portion 26 of base layer 16. Bearings (not shown) in the recesses 28 can engage the moving member 14 and movably support the moving member with respect to the support member 12.
• Traces 18 include terminals 30 and contact pads 32 in the conductor layer on the base layer 16.
• Each of the traces 18 couples a terminal 30 to a contact pad 32.
• contact pads 32a and 32b are at a first mount region 33 of the support member 12, and traces 18a and 18b couple terminals 30a and 30b to pads 32a and 32b, respectively.
• Contact pads 32 at a second mount region 35 are similarly coupled to terminal 30 by traces 18.
• a contact pad 32 is located at each of the crimps 24 in the illustrated embodiment, and each of the contact pads is coupled by a separate trace to a separate terminal 30 (e.g., trace 18d couples terminal 30d to pad 32d).
• the portion of the base layer 16 on which the terminals 30 are located is formed out of the plane of the major surface portion 26 (e.g., perpendicular to the plane of the major surface portion in the illustrated embodiment).
• FIGs. 3A and 3B illustrate in greater detail embodiments of the mount region 33 of the support member 12.
• the mount region 33 includes first and second mounting pads 40 and 42.
• Mounting pad 42 includes an island or pad portion 44 in the base layer 16 that is electrically isolated from other portions of the base layer.
• the island pad portion 44 can be supported in part from adjacent portions of the base layer 16 by areas of dielectric 20 that extend between the island pad portion and adjacent portions of the base layer.
• Trace 18a and contact pad 32a extend to the island pad portion 44, and in embodiments are electrically connected to the island pad portion 44 by an electrical connection such as a plated or other via 46 that extends through the dielectric 20 at the mounting pad 42.
• Mounting pad 40 is adjacent to mounting pad 42, and includes a pad portion 48 in the base layer 16 (that in embodiments functions as an electrical ground or common structure), and an electrical connection such as via 50 that connects the contact pad 32b to the pad portion 48.
• the mount region 35 can be similar to mount region 33.
• FIGs. 4A, 4B, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate embodiments of the moving member 14 in greater detail.
• the moving member 14 includes a plate 60 and spring or flexure arms
• each flexure arm 62 is an elongated member having first and second portions 64 and 66 that extend along two sides of the periphery of the plate.
• Moving member 14 also includes SMA wire attach structures such as crimps 70 (moving crimps; four are shown in the illustrated embodiment, organized in pairs).
• the crimps 70 are unitary with and formed from the same spring metal base layer 68 as the plate 60 (i.e., on ends of arms 72 extending from the plate).
• Moving member 14 is configured differently in other embodiments.
• the flexure arms 62 can be shaped differently, be different in number, organized differently, and/or can extend from other locations on the plate 60.
• the crimps 70 can be formed as separate structures that are attached to the plate 60 (i.e., not unitary with the plate).
• Other embodiments include other types of wire attach structures (e.g., solder pads) and/or wire attach structures that are organized in other arrangements (e.g., singly rather than in pairs).
• the end portions of the flexure arms 62 have mount regions 74 that are configured to be mounted to the mount regions 33 and 35 of the support member 12.
• Conductive traces 76 on the base layer 68 extend on the flexure arms 62 from the mount regions 74. In embodiments, the traces 76 also extend on the base layer 68 over portions of the plate 60. In the illustrated embodiment, the traces 76 also extend to contact pads 77 on the arms 72 on the plate 60. In the illustrated embodiment, the contact pads 77 are on platforms extending out of the major planar surface of the plate 60. The contact pads are at other locations (e.g., on the plate 60) in other embodiments (not shown).
• a layer of dielectric 78 is located between the conductive traces 76 and the base layer 68 to electrically insulate the traces from the base layer.
• Mount regions 74 include first and second mounting pads 80 and 82.
• Each mounting pad 82 includes an island or pad portion 84 in the base layer 68 that is electrically isolated from other portions of the base layer.
• Each trace 76 extends from the mounting pad 82, over (and electrically insulated from) the mounting pad 80.
• the portions of traces 76 extending between the mounting pads 80 and 82 are enlarged over the portions of the traces on the flexure arms 62 to provide support for the island pad portions 84 in the base layer 68.
• the traces 76 extend to the island pad portions 84, and in embodiments are electrically connected to the island pad portions by electrical connections such as a plated or other via 86 that extends through the dielectric 78 at the mounting pad 82. Other embodiments include other electrical connections in place of or in addition to vias 86, such as conductive adhesive that extends between the trace 76 and island pad portion 84 over the edges of the dielectric 78.
• Mounting pad 80 includes a pad portion 90 in the base layer 68 that is electrically isolated from the trace 76 by the dielectric 78.
• the portions of the traces 76 over the mounting pads 80 and 82 are circular and open in the center, but take other forms in other embodiments (not shown).
• the mount regions 74 of the moving member flexure arms 62 are mechanically attached to the mount regions 33 and 35 of the support member 12.
• the traces 76 on the flexure arms 62 are electrically connected to the associated traces 18 on the support member 12.
• the mechanical connections are made by welds between the pad portions 84 and 90 in the base layer 68 of the moving member 14 and the corresponding pad portions 44 and 48 in the base layer 16 of the support member 12. The welds can, for example, be made through the openings in the traces 76 at the pad portions 84 and 90.
• the welds also enable electrical connections between the pad portions 84 and 90 of the moving member 14 and the corresponding pad portions 44 and 48 of the support member 12.
• the metal base layer 68 of the moving member 14, and thereby the moving crimps 70 are electrically connected in common to an associated trace 18 (i.e., such as 18b through via 50).
• each flexure arm trace 76 is electrically connected to an associated trace 18 (i.e., such as 18a through via 46).
• Other embodiments of the disclosure (not shown) have other structures for mechanically mounting the flexure arms 62 to the support member 12, and/or for electrically connecting the traces 76 on the flexure arms to the associated traces 18 on the support member.
• conductive metal regions 94 are located directly on the metal base layer 68 of the moving member 14 at the crimps 70 (i.e, there is no dielectric or other insulating material between the conductive metal regions and the metal base layer) to enhance the electrical connections between the metal base layer and the SMA wires 15 engaged by the crimps.
• Base layers 16 and/or 68 are stainless steel in embodiments. In other embodiments the base layers 16 and/or 68 are other metals or materials such as phosphor-bronze. Traces 18 and 76, terminals 30 and contact pads 32 can be formed from copper, copper alloys or other conductors. Polyimide or other insulating materials can be used as the dielectric 20 and 78. Other embodiments of the support member 12 and/or moving member 14 (not shown) have more or fewer traces 18 and 76, and the traces can be arranged in different layouts. Structures other than crimps 24, such as welds, can be used to attach the SMA wires 15 to the base layer 16. Other embodiments of the disclosure (not shown) have more or fewer crimps 24 and 70, and the crimps can be at different locations on the support member 12 and moving member 14, respectively.
• FIGs. 8-14 are annotated illustrations of an improved camera lens suspension assembly in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• the suspension assembly has two primary components - a base or support member (referred to in FIGs. 8-14 as a static FPC
• Both the static FPC (base member) and the spring crimp circuit (moving member) are integrated lead structures in the illustrated embodiments, in that they have electrical structures such as leads, contact pads and terminals (e.g. in a copper "Cu” or copper alloy layer) formed on the base metal (stainless steel (SST)) in the illustrated embodiments).
• a layer of insulator e.g., polyimide or "poly" separates the portions of the electrical structures that are to be electrically isolated from the SST (other portions of the Cu layer are connected to or directly on the SST layer).
• the electrical structures can be electrically connected to the SST layer by electrical connections (e.g., "vias") extending from the Cu trace or lead layer to the SST layer through openings in the poly layer.
• a lens can be mounted to the spring crimp circuit.
• an autofocus system supporting the lens can be mounted to the spring crimp circuit.
• the static FPC and spring crimp circuit can be formed from overlaying layers of base metal (e.g., a spring metal such as SST), poly and Cu (i.e., the "trace” layer).
• An insulating covercoat can be applied over all or portions of the Cu.
• Corrosion resistant metals such as gold (Au) and/or nickel (Ni) can be plated or otherwise applied to portions of the trace layer to provide corrosion resistance.
• additive deposition and/or subtractive processes such as wet (e.g., chemical) and dry (e.g., plasma) etching, electro plating and electroless plating and sputtering processes in connection with photolithography (e.g., use of patterned and/or unpatterned photoresist masks), as well as mechanical forming methods (e.g., using punches and forms) can be used to manufacture the static FPC and spring crimp circuit in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• Additive and subtractive processes of these types are, for example, known and used in connection with the manufacture of disk drive head suspensions, and are disclosed generally in the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes: Bennin et al. U.S. patent 8,885,299 entitled
• the static FPC is a one-piece member in the illustrated embodiment, and has two static crimps (attachment structures) on each of two diagonal corners of the member (4 static crimps in total).
• a terminal pad section includes terminal pads in the trace layer that are connected to traces that extend over the surface of the member. As shown for example, a separate trace extends to each of the four static crimps.
• At each of the static crimps is an electrical contact or terminal formed by the trace and poly layers. Formed dimples extending from the upper surface of the static FPC member engage the back surface of the spring crimp circuit member, and function as sliding interface bearings to enable low friction movement of the spring crimp circuit member with respect to the static FPC.
• the traces on the static FPC also couple terminal pads to electrical pad locations on the static FPC that are electrically and mechanically coupled to the spring crimp circuit member (e.g., to provide electrical signals to an auto focus (AF) assembly and to provide a common or ground signal path to the SST layer of the spring crimp circuit member. Vias couple the respective traces on the static FPC to portions of the SST layer that are connected to the feet.
• AF auto focus
• the spring crimp circuit is a one-piece member in the illustrated embodiments and includes a central member for supporting a lens or auto focus system, and one or more spring arms (two in the illustrated embodiment) extending from the central member.
• the spring crimp member has two moving crimps on each of two diagonal corners of the member (4 moving crimps in all).
• Pedestals or feet in the SST layer (on the ends of the spring arms opposite the central member in the illustrated embodiment) are configured to be welded or otherwise attached to corresponding locations on the static FPC. Traces on the spring crimp member are configured to be electrically coupled to traces on the static FPC (e.g., through the feet) and couple signals to terminal pads such as the auto focus (AF) terminal pads.
• AF auto focus
• the SST layer of the spring crimp circuit is used as a signal path to the ends of the SMA wires attached to the moving crimps.
• Electrical connection between the corresponding terminal pad and trace on the static FPC to the SST layer of the spring crimp circuit is provided by the connection between the feet of the spring arms and the SST layer of the static FPC (i.e., the SST layers of the two members are electrically coupled, and are at a common ground potential in embodiments).
• Suspensions in accordance with the embodiments having traces on the moving member flexure arms offer important advantages. They can for example, be efficiently fabricated and assembled.
• the traces are effective structures for coupling electrical signals to structures mounted to the plate or other portions of the moving member.
• the suspension assembly 10 includes SMA wires 15 that extend between the support member 12 and the moving member 14.
• the SMA wires 15 are coupled to the support member 12 and the moving member 14 using attachment structures.
• the attachment structures may include crimps, for example, the crimps 24, 70 depicted in FIGs. 2A-2B and 4A- 4B, respectively.
• the support member 12 and the moving member 14 each include attachment structures on two diagonal corners, as shown in FIGs. IB and 4B, respectively.
• FIGs. 15A-15B illustrate an attachment structure 91, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• the attachment structure 91 is incorporated into one or more diagonal corners of the support member 12.
• the attachment structure 91 is incorporated into one or more diagonal corners of the support member 12.
• the attachment structure 91 may be incorporated into two diagonal corners of the support member 12. Furthermore, the attachment structure 91 is configured to crimp one or more SMA wires 15 such as SMA wires 15a and 15b using one or more crimps 92a, 92b.
• the attachment structure 91 is unitary with the base layer 16 and includes two crimps 92a, 92b.
• the two crimps 92a, 92b are formed on a ledge 25 in the base layer 16 at a level spaced (e.g., in a z-direction) from the major planar surface portion 26 (shown in FIGs. 2A and 2B).
• each crimp 92a, 92b includes a first portion 94a, 94b and a second portion 96a, 96b.
• the first portions 94a, 94b are configured to be folded substantially along respective axes 97a, 97b to crimp the first portions 94a, 94b and second portions 96a, 96b together. Once crimped together, the first portions 94a, 94b and second portions 96a, 96b hold SMA wires 15a, 15b in place as illustrated by crimp 92b and SMA wire 15b. As illustrated above in FIGs. 1A and IB, the other ends of the SMA wires 15 are coupled to the moving member 14.
• first portions 94a, 94b and second portions 96a, 96b are a unitary piece of material.
• the first portions 94a, 94b and second portions 96a, 96b may be non-unitary and coupled together using an adhesive, a weld, a solder joint and/or the like, as depicted in FIGs. 30A-30B below.
• the first portion 94a of crimp 92a includes a set of conductive traces 98 and the second portion 96a includes a set of conductive traces 99.
• the conductive traces 99 project from the conductive trace 18a.
• Crimp 92b may have a similar configuration. As described above, the conductive traces 18a and 18b may be coupled to a separate terminal pad 30a and 30b, respectively.
• one or more layers of dielectric 100 are located between the conductive traces 98, 99 and the base layer 16 to electrically insulate the traces 98, 99 from the base layer 16.
• the dielectric 100 located between the conductive traces 98, 99 may be a single piece of dielectric; or, alternatively, the dielectric 100 located between the conductive traces 98, 99 may have a break along the axes 97a, 97b, respectively, (as shown in FIG. 15B for crimp 92a) to aid in folding the first portions 94a, 94b along the axes 97a, 97b. Furthermore, in embodiments, the length of the traces 98, 99 may be staggered, as shown in FIG. 15B.
• the traces 98, 99 may be formed from copper, copper alloys or other conductors.
• an insulating covercoat can be applied over all or portions of traces 98, 99.
• Corrosion resistant metals such as gold (Au) and/or nickel (Ni) can be plated or otherwise applied to portions of the traces 98, 99 to provide corrosion resistance.
• Polyimide or other insulating materials may be used as the dielectric 100.
• each SMA wires 15a and 15b may be actuated independently in order to move and control the moving member 14. Due to this configuration, the base layer 16 may be one piece. In contrast, conventional embodiments may require a base layer that is split into four pieces so that each SMA wire 15 can be actuated independently of one another. Since the base layer 16 may be made of one piece in the embodiments presented herein, the base layer 16 may have more structural integrity and rigidity than a base layer that is used in conventional embodiments.
• the traces 98 include spaces 102 therebetween and the traces 99 also include spaces 104 therebetween.
• one or more of the spaces 102 align with one or more of the traces 99 and one or more the spaces 104 align with one or more of the traces 98.
• the traces 98, 99 may include elongate features, for example, fingers, slices, members and/or the like.
• the traces 98 and traces 99 are offset with respect to each other, for example, in an interwoven, interleaved, staggered and/or the like relationship so that the traces 98 are located in the spaces 104 and the traces 99 are located in the spaces 102 when the first and second portions 94a, 96a are crimped together.
• Crimp 92b may include a similar configuration of traces and spaces as crimp 92a. As stated above, in embodiments, the conductive traces 99 may project from the conductive trace 18a, as illustrated in FIG. 15 A. As such, when the first portions 94a, 94b are crimped together with the second portions 96a, 96b, the SMA wires 15 are bent around the conductive traces 98, 99, as shown in FIG. 16.
• FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of crimp 92b.
• crimp 92b illustrates a cross-sectional view of crimp 92b.
• the conductive traces 98, 99 provide a force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the SMA wire 15 when the first portion 94b and second portion 96b are crimped together. As such, the SMA wire 15 is deformed into the spaces 102, 104 by the traces 98, 99. Due to this configuration, the SMA wire 15 may be held more securely in place by the crimp 92b than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• the width 106 of the conductive traces 98, 99, the width 108 of the spaces 102, 104 and the distance 110 between a conductive trace 98 and a conductive trace 99 may vary, depending on the flexibility of the SMA wire 15. For example, if a first SMA wire 15 is stiffer than a second SMA wire 15 and the first SMA wire 15 is being used, then the width 108 of the spaces 104 and the distance 110 between the conductive traces 98, 99 may be greater than if the second SMA wire 15 was being used. As another example, if the first SMA wire 15 is being used then the width 106 of the traces 98 may be smaller than if the second SMA wire 15 is being used, in order to provide a more localized perpendicular force on the SMA wire 15.
• the SMA wire 15 may need to be cut from a spool of SMA wire 15. Additionally or alternatively, excess SMA wire 15 that may extend beyond an edge of a crimp 92a, 92b may need to be removed.
• the SMA wire 15 may be sheared using a tool that presses the wire in the base layer 16 and/or the dielectric 100 that separates the traces 18 from the base layer 16. In some cases, however, this may cause the SMA 15 wire to contact, and short to, the base layer 16. As such, in embodiments, a pad may be placed on top of the dielectric and under the SMA wire 15.
• FIGs. 17 and 18 illustrate an attachment member including illustrative cutting pads 112a, 112b, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• the cutting pads 112a, 112b may be used to cut the SMA wire 15 from a spool and/or cut any excess SMA wire 15 that is not needed. This may reduce the likelihood that the SMA wire 15 is shorted to the base layer 16.
• the pads 112a, 112b may be located on the ledge 25 in a position proximal to edges 113a, 113b of the crimps 92a, 92b, respectively.
• the pads 112a, 112b may be positioned outside of the crimps 92a, 92b so that the pads 112a, 112b are exposed when the crimps 92a, 92b are crimped and/or the pads 112a, 112b may include a portion that extends beyond the edges 113a, 113b of the crimps 92a, 92b so that the pads 112a, 112b are exposed when the crimps 92a, 92b are crimped.
• the pads 112a, 112b may be made of a metal.
• the pads 112a, 112b may be made of the same material as the traces 18, such as copper, copper alloys or other conductors.
• the pad 112a may be coupled to the traces 18, as shown in FIG. 17.
• the pad 112b may be decoupled from the traces 18, as shown in FIG. 18.
• the pads 112a, 112b may be made of a non-metal material and/or include a cover coat over the pad.
• FIG. 19 illustrates an attachment structure 114 that can be incorporated into the moving member 14, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• the attachment structure 114 includes two crimps 115.
• the two crimp 115 are unitary with the plate 60 and each crimp 115 includes a first portion 116 and a second portion 118.
• the first portions 116 are configured to be folded substantially along a respective axis 120a, 120b, in order to crimp the first portions 116 and the second portions 118 together.
• the first and second portions 116, 118 are crimped together, they hold an SMA wire 15 in place. As illustrated above in FIGs. 1 A and IB, the other ends of the SMA wire 15 is coupled to the support member 12.
• the first and second portions 116, 118 include elongate features 122a-122d disposed on the plate 60. Furthermore, the elongate features 122a-122d include spaces 124a- 124d therebetween. In embodiments, one or more of the spaces 124a-124d align with one or more of the elongate features 122a-122d. In embodiments, the elongate features 122a-122d may be, for example, fingers, slices, members and/or the like.
• the elongate features 122a, 122b and elongate features 122c, 122d are offset with respect to each other, for example, in an interwoven, interleaved, staggered and/or the like relationship so that the elongate features 122a, 122b are located in the spaces 124c, 124d and the elongate features 122c, 122d are located in the spaces 124a, 124b when the first and second portions 116, 118 are crimped together.
• the elongate features 122a- 122d provide a force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the SMA wire 15.
• the SMA wire 15 is deformed into the spaces 124a-124d by the elongate features 122a-122d. Due to this configuration, the SMA wire 15 may be held more securely in place by the crimp 115 than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• the elongate features 122a-122d may be made of a conductive material or a dielectric.
• the elongate features 122a-122d may be formed from copper, copper alloys or other conductors, or a polyimide or other insulating materials.
• a conductive layer 126 may be disposed on the elongate features
• the SMA wire 15 may be electrically coupled to the plate 60 via the conductive layer 126 when the elongate features 122a-122d are made of a dielectric. Similar to the width 108 of the spaces 104 and the distance 110 between the conductive traces 98, 99 discussed above, the width of the elongate features 122a-122d and the wide of the spaces 124a-124d may be varied, depending on the flexibility of the SMA wire 15.
• the conductive layer 126 may be formed from copper, copper alloys or other conductors. In embodiments, an insulating covercoat can be applied over all or portions of the conductive layer 126.
• Corrosion resistant metals such as gold (Au) and/or nickel (Ni) can be plated or otherwise applied to portions of the conductive layer 126 to provide corrosion resistance.
• Polyimide or other insulating materials may be used as the elongate features 122.
• FIGs. 20A-20C illustrate another embodiment of a crimp 128 that can be incorporated into one or more of the attachment structures discussed above.
• multiple crimps 128 may be incorporated into each of one or more diagonal corners of the moving member 14.
• four crimps 128, two crimps 128 for each diagonal corner may be incorporated into two diagonal corners of the moving member 14, as shown in FIG. 21.
• the crimp 128 is unitary with the plate 60 and includes a first portion 130 and a second portion 132.
• the first portion 130 is configured to be folded substantially along an axis 134 in order to crimp the first and second portions 130, 132 together.
• first and second portions 130, 132 When the first and second portions 130, 132 are crimped together, they hold an SMA wire 15 in place as illustrated in FIGs. 20B and 20C. As illustrated above in FIGs. 1A and IB, the other ends of the SMA wire 15 is coupled to the support member 12.
• the crimp 128 includes a recess 136.
• the recess 136 may be etched out of the second portion 132 of the plate 60, as illustrated in FIG. 20A.
• the first portion 130 may include a plurality of elongate members 138, 140 which include spaces therebetween. While three elongate members 138, 140 are illustrated, alternative embodiments may include more or fewer elongate members 138, 140.
• the first and second portions 130, 132 are crimped together, at least one of the elongate members, for example, elongate member 140, extends into the recess 136.
• the 140 provides a force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the SMA wire 15 when the first and second portions 130, 132 are crimped together. As such, the SMA wire 15 is deformed into the recess 136 by the elongate member 140. Due to this configuration, the SMA wire 15 may be held more securely in place by the crimp 128 than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• the elongate member 140 may include an additional layer of material 142 on the bottom side 143 (not shown) and/or the top side 144 (shown in FIG. 20C) of the elongate member 140 so that the elongate member 140 extends into the recess 136 and/or the elongate member 140 extends further into the recess 136 than the elongate member 140 otherwise would. Accordingly, a flat crimping tool may be used to crimp the first and second portions 130, 132 together.
• FIG. 21 depicts a base layer 60 of a moving member 14, in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosure.
• the base layer 60 may be substantially planar and include attachment structures 146.
• two diagonal corners 148 of the plate 60 may include two attachment structures 146.
• Each attachment structure 146 may include crimps, for example, the crimps 115, 128, depicted in FIGs. 19 and 20A-20C, respectively.
• attachment structures 146 of the plate 60 may include one or more recesses, for example, an array of plural recesses, one or more etch patterns and/or an array of partial etch patterns.
• the one or more recesses included in the attachment structures 146 may hold the SMA wire 15 more securely than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• One or more of the etching methods described above in relation to FIGS. 8-14 may be used to create the etch patterns.
• a dielectric and conductive layer may be disposed over the etch patterns. After the etch patterns are made, the corners of the partial etch patterns may be rounded to reduce the likelihood of damaging an SMA wire 15.
• FIGS. 22A-24B depict embodiments of partial etch patterns that may be etched into the attachment structures 146.
• an SMA wire 15 secured to the attachment structures 146 may be deformed by the partial etch patterns.
• an SMA wire 15 may be held more securely in place by the attachment structure 146 than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• the partial etch patterns 150 may be staggered linear recesses, as depicted in FIGS. 22A-22B.
• the partial etch patterns 150 may be offset with respect to each other, for example, in an interwoven, interleaved, staggered and/or the like when the crimps included in the attachment structure 146 is crimped.
• the partial etch patterns 152 may be an array of recesses, as depicted in FIGS. 23A-23B.
• the partial etch patterns 154 may be parallel zig-zags, as depicted in FIGS. 24A-24B.
• FIGs. 25A-25C illustrate another attachment structure 160 that can be incorporated into the moving member 14, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
• the features of the attachment structure 160 discussed below may be incorporated in other attachment structures discussed herein.
• the attachment structure 160 includes two crimps 162.
• the crimps 162 are unitary with the plate 60 and include first portions 164 and second portions 166.
• the first portions 164 are configured to be folded substantially along an axis 168 in order to crimp the first and second portions 164, 166 together.
• the first and second portions 164, 166 are crimped together, they are capable of holding an SMA wire 15 in place.
• the other ends of the SMA wire 15 is coupled to the support member 12.
• the first portions 164 include a recess 170 and the second portions
• the 166 include an elongate member 172.
• the elongate member 172 extends into the recess 170.
• the SMA wire 15 is deformed into the recess 170 by the elongate member 172 when the first and second portions 164, 166 are crimped together. Due to this configuration, the SMA wire 15 may be held more securely by the crimps 162 than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• the edge 176 may include a portion 177 that extends beyond the edge 174, so that when the first and second portions 164, 166 are crimped together, the first portion 164 fits to the second portion 166, as shown in FIGs. 25B, 25C.
• first portion 164 includes an edge 174 and the second portion 166 includes an edge 176 that is offset from the edge 174.
• the edges 174, 176 are configured to create a cutting edge capable of severing the SMA wire 15.
• FIG. 25B depicts the attachment structure 160 with both crimps 162 closed and
• FIG. 25C depicts the attachment structure 160 after the edges 174, 176 severe the end portion of the SMA wire 15.
• FIGs. 26A-26B illustrate another embodiment of a crimp 178, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. Similar to the crimps depicted above, the crimp 178 can be incorporated into the moving member 14 and/or the attachment structures depicted above.
• the crimp 178 is unitary with the plate 60 and includes first and second portions 180, 182 that are configured to be folded together. When the first and second portions 180, 182 are folded together, as illustrated in FIG. 26B, they are capable of crimping an SMA wire 15 in place.
• the crimp 178 includes an etched recess 184.
• the recess 184 is located substantially where the crimp 178 bends 186 when the first and second portions 180, 182 are crimped together.
• the recess 184 is located on the exterior portion of the bend 186.
• the recess 184 may lower the stress on the bend 186, which can reduce the likelihood that the plate 60 will crack when the first and second portions 180, 182 are crimped together. In embodiments, this may be advantageous when the plate 60 is made of a thicker metal and/or when the plate 60 is made of a less ductile and/or less malleable metal.
• the recess 184 may be formed by etching, such as the etching methods described above in relation to FIGs. 8-14.
• a similar etched recess as the etched recess 184 may be included in support member 12. That is, for example, an etched recess may located substantially where the crimps 92a, 92b bends when the first portions 94a, 94b and second portions 96a, 96b are crimped together.
• FIGs. 27A-27C illustrate another embodiment of a crimp 187, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. Similar to the crimps depicted above, the crimp 187 can be incorporated into the support member 12, the moving member 14 and/or the attachment structures depicted above in relation the support and moving members 12, 14, respectively.
• the crimp 187 is unitary with the plate 60 and includes first and second portions 188, 190 that are configured to be folded together. When the first and second portions 164, 166 are folded together, as illustrated, they are capable of crimping an SMA wire 15 in place.
• the crimp 187 includes a strain relief member 192 that extends from at least one side of the crimp 187 and supports and/or provides a crimping force on the SMA wire 15. As illustrated, the strain relief member 192 extends from both sides of the crimp 187; however, in other embodiments, the strain relief member 192 only extends from one side of the crimp 187.
• the SMA wire 15 when the suspension assembly 10 is under stress, the SMA wire 15 may be damaged and/or broken proximal to where the SMA wire exits the side of a crimp since where the SMA exits the side of a crimp is an inherent high stress area.
• the strain relief member 192 decreases the stress on the SMA wire 15 because the strain relief member 192 may bend with the SMA wire 15, thereby increasing the bend radius of the SMA wire 15 when the suspension assembly 10 is under stress.
• the strain relief member 192 may increase the width of the section that bends at the angle ⁇ to, for example, 2*x, 3*x, 4*x, etc. This distributes the stress on the SMA wire 15 over a greater portion of the SMA wire 15.
• the distance that the strain relief member 192 protrudes from the side of the crimp 187 may vary, depending on, for example, the type, the stiffness and/or the thickness of material used for the SMA wire 15.
• the strain relief member 192 may be made of metal.
• the strain relief member 192 may be made of the same material as the traces 18, such as copper, copper alloys or other conductors. As such, the strain relief member 192 may be coupled to the traces 18.
• an insulating covercoat can be applied over all or portions of the strain relief layer 192.
• Corrosion resistant metals such as gold (Au) and/or nickel (Ni) can be plated or otherwise applied to portions of the strain relief layer 192 to provide corrosion resistance.
• the strain relief member 192 may be made of a dielectric.
• the strain relief member 192 may be made of the same material as the dielectric 78.
• the strain relief member 192 may include a metal pad 194, as illustrated in FIGs. 27B and 27C, on the interior of the strain relief.
• the metal pad 194 may help grip the SMA wire 15 and reduce the likelihood that the SMA wire 15 slips out of the strain relief member 192.
• FIGs. 28A-28B illustrate another embodiment of a crimp 196, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. Similar to the crimps depicted above, the crimp 196 can be incorporated into the support member 12, the moving member 14 and/or the attachment structures depicted above in relation the support and moving members 12, 14, respectively.
• the crimp 196 includes two portions, a first portion 198 and a second portion 200 that are configured to be folded together. When the first and second portions 198, 200 are folded together, they are capable of crimping an SMA wire 15 in place.
• One or more of the embodiments described above may be incorporated in the crimp 196 to increase the holding strength of the crimp 196 and/or reduce the strain on the SMA wire 15 when the support member 10 is under stress.
• the second portion 200 may be unitary with the plate 60.
• the first portion 198 is non-unitary with the second portion 200, but may be coupled to the second portion 200 using an adhesive, a weld, a solder joint and/or the like.
• the first and second portions 198, 200 may be coupled together on either side of the SMA wire 15. That is, in embodiments, the first and second portions 198, 200 may be coupled on the interior side 202 of the crimp 196 or on the exterior side 204 of the crimp.
• FIG. 29 depicts a base layer 60 of a moving member 14, in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosure.
• the base layer 60 may be substantially planar and include attachment structures 206.
• two diagonal corners 208 of the plate 60 may include two attachment structures 206.
• Each attachment structure 206 may include crimps 210, for example, the crimps 196, depicted in FIGs. 28A-28B.
• the crimps 210 included in the attachment structure 206 may include a first portion 212 that is non-unitary with a second portion 214, but is coupled to the second portion 214 using an adhesive, a weld, a solder joint and/or the like.
• attachment structures 206 of the plate 60 may include etch patterns.
• the etch patterns included in the attachment structures 206 may hold the SMA wire 15 more securely than if the SMA wire 15 was held in place by two flat pieces of material.
• One or more of the etching methods described above in relation to FIGS. 8- 14 may be used to create the etch patterns.
• a dielectric and conductive layer may be disposed over the etch patterns. After the etch patterns are made, the corners of the partial etch patterns may be rounded to reduce the likelihood of damaging an SMA wire 15.

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