WO2016129674A1 - 植物栽培装置及び植物栽培システム - Google Patents
植物栽培装置及び植物栽培システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129674A1 WO2016129674A1 PCT/JP2016/054131 JP2016054131W WO2016129674A1 WO 2016129674 A1 WO2016129674 A1 WO 2016129674A1 JP 2016054131 W JP2016054131 W JP 2016054131W WO 2016129674 A1 WO2016129674 A1 WO 2016129674A1
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- tray
- plant cultivation
- cultivation
- unit
- seedling
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/04—Hydroponic culture on conveyors
- A01G31/042—Hydroponic culture on conveyors with containers travelling on a belt or the like, or conveyed by chains
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/04—Hydroponic culture on conveyors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/249—Lighting means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/02—Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus for continuously cultivating plants such as agricultural crops. Moreover, this invention relates to the plant cultivation system comprised combining a plant cultivation apparatus and an incidental apparatus.
- Plant cultivation apparatuses that continuously cultivate agricultural products in buildings are known.
- a plant cultivation apparatus is used for the cultivation form commonly called a crop factory. That is, the plant cultivation apparatus is an apparatus that grows a crop while giving a suitable sunshine to the crop using artificial lighting, and maintaining the temperature and humidity suitable for growth in the building and the room.
- crops can be produced in an environment in which sunlight, temperature, moisture, fertilizer concentration, etc. are appropriately controlled, so that the period required for harvesting is shorter than in open field cultivation.
- Many plant cultivation devices grow crops by hydroponics and are cleaner than outdoor cultivation. Furthermore, since crops are cultivated indoors, pests are not attached and crops can be cultivated without pesticides. Therefore, the plant cultivation apparatus is suitable for cultivating vegetables to eat without skinning lettuce or the like.
- the plant cultivation devices disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are mainly composed of a conveyor device that proceeds at an extremely low speed. And the cultivation tray which planted the seedling is mounted in the start end part of a conveyor apparatus, and the said cultivation tray is moved to a growth area. Sunlight is secured by artificial lighting in the growing area. And the above-mentioned cultivation tray is put on a conveyor apparatus, and a growth area is advanced slowly. When the cultivation tray reaches the end of the conveyor device, the seedlings have grown to a size that can be harvested.
- the plant cultivation device of the prior art is a single device as a whole including a building or a room partitioned in the building, and construction work, repair, partial improvement and renovation work become large. Moreover, the plant cultivation apparatus of a prior art maintains the whole environment in a building or a room at the temperature and humidity suitable for growth of the plant used as object. Therefore, in order to maintain the environment, a lot of heat and cold are necessary, and there is a complaint that the energy cost is high. In addition, as described above, the plant cultivation apparatus according to the prior art keeps the environment of the entire building and the entire room at a temperature and humidity suitable for the growth of the target plant. Have difficulty. For example, it is difficult to cultivate a crop that likes high temperature and humidity and a crop that likes a cool environment at the same time in the same building or room.
- the present invention pays attention to the above-mentioned problems of the plant cultivation apparatus of the prior art, is easy for installation work and repair, partial improvement and refurbishment work, and can reduce the energy cost, against harmful insects, etc.
- An object is to provide a plant cultivation apparatus that can be easily handled.
- the aspect for solving the above-described problem is that a plurality of cultivation trays in which plant seedlings or seeds are planted, an illumination device for illuminating the plants, and the cultivation tray are sequentially moved from the upstream side toward the downstream side.
- a plant cultivating apparatus that has a conveying means to move the cultivation tray to the downstream side by the conveying means while growing the plant on the cultivation tray, and has a plurality of raising seedling units, and the raising seedling unit is open at both ends and is circumferential.
- a plurality of seedling unit cases are connected to form a series of cylindrical spaces, and the cultivation tray is placed in a series of cylindrical spaces formed by the case,
- the said cultivation tray is a plant cultivation apparatus characterized by moving to a downstream side across a case by a conveyance means.
- the plant cultivation apparatus of this aspect is comprised by several seedling raising units, and the cylindrical space used as cultivation space is formed by connecting the seedling raising units.
- the cultivation tray is moved downstream across the case by the conveying means.
- each seedling unit can be manufactured at a manufacturing plant.
- each seedling unit is manufactured in a manufacturing factory. Then, the seedling units produced at the manufacturing factory are brought into the construction site and connected to complete the plant cultivation apparatus. According to the present invention, the work on the construction site is greatly reduced. Therefore, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is easy to install. If the nursery unit is removed and repairs are made, the repair work will not be significant. In addition, the total length of the apparatus and the growing period can be changed by changing the number of raising seedling units to be connected.
- the space to be adjusted is small, and less energy is required for environmental adjustment.
- the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is easy for extermination when a pest invades. That is, according to the present invention, since the space to be controlled is small and adult insects, larvae, eggs and the like are difficult to hide, it is easy to control when the insects enter.
- a series of cylindrical spaces are formed by three or more seedling units, and the middle seedling units can be individually attached and detached.
- the adjacent cases are arranged so that the end portions face each other, and the adjacent cases are connected by interposing a connecting member between the end portions of the cases.
- the cases of the seedling unit are linear and spaced apart, and there is a connecting member between the cases of the adjacent seedling units, and the adjacent cases are kept in a closed state via the connecting member. It is desirable that a cylindrical space is configured.
- a placing table for placing the cultivation tray and a pressing member for pushing the cultivation tray to the downstream side are incorporated.
- the pressing member may be operated by power such as a motor, pneumatic pressure, or hydraulic pressure, or may be dependent on human power such as a hand-crank type.
- a motor or the like for driving the pressing member may be in the case.
- the motor etc. which drive a press member may be outside a case.
- a pressing member that pushes the cultivation tray downstream is built in the case of the seedling raising unit, the pressing members of the plurality of cases are connected by a connecting member, and the pressing members of the plurality of cases are driven by the same power source. It is desirable.
- the number of power sources that drive the pressing member can be reduced.
- a pressing member that pushes the cultivation tray downstream and a part of the moving mechanism that moves the pressing member are built in, and the moving mechanism that is built in the adjacent case between the adjacent cases It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which there is a power transmission member that transmits power between the two.
- the number of power sources that drive the pressing member can be reduced. Moreover, since the power transmission member is installed between adjacent cases, the power transmission member can be easily attached and detached.
- an opening / closing member that opens and closes an opening on at least one end of a series of cylindrical spaces.
- the cylindrical space can be closed.
- the opening / closing member has a sheet-like member and a moving means for moving the sheet-like member.
- the sheet-like member has an opening, and the cylindrical space is opened by matching the position of the opening with the cylindrical space. It is desirable that the cylindrical space is closed by matching the portion other than the opening with the cylindrical space.
- ⁇ Part or all of the inner surface of the case preferably has a reflectance of 40% or more.
- the reflectance varies depending on the wavelength of light, but in this embodiment, sunlight is used as a reference.
- the cultivation tray is in a case where the top surface is curved in an arc shape, the lighting device is formed by a plurality of light emitting elements on the top surface, and the arrangement density of the light emitting elements is near the top of the top surface near the top of the top surface. It is desirable to be lower than the area.
- the lighting device blinks at minute time intervals.
- a lighting device that blinks at minute time intervals is employed. According to this aspect, the power consumption of the lighting device can be reduced.
- the temperature in the cylindrical space excessively rises due to the heat generated by the lighting. Since this aspect has a water cooling means for cooling the outer peripheral surface of the case with water, excessive excessive rise in the cylindrical space can be suppressed. Since lighting is often provided on the ceiling of the case, it is desirable to cool the roof portion of the case with water.
- connection part and / or junction part of culture medium supply path (2) Branch part for branching branch pipe from main pipe supplying culture medium (3) Connection part and / or junction part of discharge path for culture medium (4) Connection portion and / or junction portion of lighting electrical wiring (5) Branch portion from main line of lighting electrical wiring to each illumination (6) Connection portion and / or junction portion of air conditioning duct (7) For air conditioning Ducting part of duct (8) Connection part and / or junction part of carbon dioxide pipe (9) Branching part of carbon dioxide pipe (10) Valve (11) Distribution board (12) Fuse
- a holding member for holding a plurality of cases has a bottom support portion for supporting the bottom of the case; the bottom of the case is supported by the bottom support portion; and the case slides on the bottom support portion. It is desirable to be able to move in the direction intersecting from the axial direction of the cylindrical space.
- the case is supported by the bottom support portion. Further, since the case can be slid on the bottom support portion and moved in the direction intersecting from the axial direction of the cylindrical space, the case replacement operation and the case installation operation are easy. That is, in this aspect, the case is slid to perform case replacement work and case installation work.
- An aspect as a plant cultivation system is characterized in that the plant cultivation apparatus described above is installed in a plurality of stages and / or a plurality of rows.
- Another aspect of the plant cultivation system obtained by improving the system is a plant cultivation system having a plurality of the plant cultivation devices described above, and a plant cultivation device for seedlings having a low cylindrical space height and the seedling use It is a plant cultivation system characterized by having a plant cultivation device for adult seedlings whose height of the cylindrical space is higher than that of the plant cultivation device.
- a plant cultivation device having an appropriate height is used in accordance with the growth of the seedling. Therefore, space can be used effectively.
- Another aspect of the plant cultivation system obtained by improving the above system is a plant cultivation system characterized in that there are a plurality of plant cultivation apparatuses having different structures and / or environments in the cylindrical space.
- Another aspect of the plant cultivation system improved from the above system is that there are a plurality of plant cultivation apparatuses having different structures and / or environments in the cylindrical space, and the cultivation tray is changed from one plant cultivation apparatus to another plant cultivation apparatus. It is a plant cultivation system characterized by having a tray replacement device to be mounted on.
- Another aspect of the plant cultivation system obtained by improving the above system is a group of plant cultivation devices in which plant cultivation devices are installed in a plurality of stages and / or rows, and are provided in the vicinity of the group of plant cultivation devices.
- a unit transporting device the unit transporting device can be inserted into the bottom side of the seedling raising unit, holds a seedling unit from below, a lifting means for raising and lowering the fork part, and a fork part
- Another aspect of the plant cultivation system improved from the above system is that there is a group of plant cultivation devices in which plant cultivation devices are installed in a plurality of stages and / or rows, and at least above or below the plant cultivation device group. It is a plant cultivation system characterized in that a conveyor device is separately installed in either.
- the conveyor device is used for conveying an empty cultivation tray or a cultivation tray on which plants are grown.
- Another aspect of the plant cultivation system improved from the above system is a plant cultivation apparatus group in which the plant cultivation apparatus is installed in a plurality of stages and / or a plurality of rows.
- the aspect of the comprehensive plant cultivation system is a plant cultivation device for seedlings in which plant cultivation devices are installed in a plurality of rows and / or rows to form a group of plant cultivation devices, and the height of the cylindrical space is low.
- a plant cultivation device for adult seedlings having a higher cylindrical space height than the plant cultivation device for young seedlings, and there are a plurality of plant cultivation devices having different structures and / or environments in the cylindrical space, It has a tray replacement device that transfers a cultivation tray from one plant cultivation device to another plant cultivation device, has a unit transportation device provided in the vicinity of the plant cultivation device group, and the unit transportation device is a seedling unit.
- Feed cable (2) Culture fluid flow path (3) Carbon dioxide piping (4) Air conditioning duct (5) Signal line
- the atmospheric pressure in the cylindrical space be maintained at a positive pressure compared to the atmosphere.
- the blowing unit that blows air to move the air in the cylindrical space
- the blowing unit preferably includes a blowing amount adjusting unit that varies the blowing amount for each area.
- wind is generated in the cylindrical space, an environment close to nature is created, and plants can be grown in that environment.
- the air blowing means has an air passage forming member inserted into the cylindrical space, the air passage forming member has a plurality of air outlets, and air is blown from the air outlet into the cylindrical space.
- air volume adjustment means that opens and closes the air outlet or adjusts the opening.
- blowers be incorporated in series in the air passage forming member at intervals, and that a blower port be provided between the blower side of the upstream blower and the suction side of the downstream blower.
- the culture solution supply means for supplying a culture solution to the cultivation tray
- the culture solution supply means preferably has a liquid amount adjustment means for adjusting the amount of the culture solution supplied to the cultivation tray.
- the liquid amount adjusting means has an auxiliary pump, and the auxiliary pump is attached to a plurality of seedling units.
- the culture medium is stored in the cultivation tray, has a discharge port for discharging excess culture liquid, has a culture liquid supply means for supplying the culture liquid to the cultivation tray, and the culture
- the culture medium is supplied to the culture tray from a position near the one side of the culture tray by the liquid supply means, and the discharge port of the culture tray is preferably at a position near the side to which the culture liquid is supplied.
- the culture tray is provided with a culture fluid channel that is supplied with the culture fluid from the culture fluid supply means and reaches the outlet through the culture tray.
- the culture solution flows through the cultivation tray, and the culture solution is prevented from staying at a specific location.
- the culture medium is stored in the cultivation tray, and it is desirable to have culture tray inclination means for inclining the cultivation tray and discharging the culture liquid.
- the culture tray tilting means functions when the cultivation tray is discharged from the cylindrical space, for example, when harvesting plants. By tilting the cultivation tray by the culture tray tilting means and discharging the culture solution, the cultivation tray becomes light and the culture tray is easily discharged. In addition, the culture solution can be prevented from spilling on an external floor or the like.
- the plant cultivation apparatus As a configuration of the plant cultivation system, it is desirable that the plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of the above-described ones is installed in a plurality of stages, and has an elevating apparatus that places the cultivation tray and moves up and down.
- the plant cultivation device As a configuration of the plant cultivation system, the plant cultivation device according to any one of the above-described ones is installed in a plurality of stages, and has a lifting device that places the cultivation tray and moves up and down, and the conveying means of the plant cultivation device moves linearly
- the linear moving member has a pair tray engaging portion, engages the pair tray engaging portion with the cultivation tray and conveys the cultivation tray, and the plant cultivation device is installed in the lifting device. It is desirable that there is a conveying means driving device for driving the conveying means.
- the conveying means has a conveying means side engaging portion
- the conveying means driving device has a driving side engaging portion that engages with the conveying means side engaging portion, and the conveying means side engaging portion and the driving side engaging portion. Can be engaged and disengaged by moving relative to each other in the up-and-down direction.
- the elevator device is moved up and down to engage and disengage the conveying means side engaging portion and the driving side engaging portion. It is desirable to do.
- the plant cultivation device As a configuration of the plant cultivation system, the plant cultivation device according to any one of the above-described ones is installed in a plurality of stages, and has a lifting device that raises and lowers the cultivation tray, and the cultivation tray stores a culture solution It is desirable that the elevating device has culture tray tilting means for tilting the cultivation tray and discharging the culture solution.
- the culture tray tilting means has a tilting engaging portion that engages with the tray, and the lifting member is raised while the tilting engaging member is engaged with the culture tray to tilt the culture tray.
- the inclined engaging portion is preferably moved from a position where it cannot engage with the culture tray to a position where it can engage with the culture tray.
- the plant cultivation apparatus and the plant cultivation system of the present invention can be easily installed, repaired, partially improved and repaired, can reduce energy costs, and can easily deal with harmful insects.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a part of an adult seedling mount and a seedling raising unit of the plant cultivation apparatus of FIG. 2.
- A is a perspective view which shows the structure of a unit plant cultivation apparatus, shows the state which removed the connection member from between the raising seedling units
- (b) is the unit plant cultivation apparatus of the state to which the raising seedling unit was connected.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows a structure. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the seedling raising unit of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure in the state which inserted the cultivation tray in the seedling raising unit of FIG. It is a partially expanded perspective view of the edge part of the seedling unit which shows the internal structure of a seedling unit and the relationship between adjacent seedling units. It is a front view which shows the internal structure of the seedling raising unit of FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the cultivation tray used with the plant cultivation apparatus of FIG. (A) thru
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows a part of stand for adult seedlings of the plant cultivation apparatus (plant cultivation system) of FIG. It is a perspective view of the opening-and-closing means employ
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional perspective view seen from the AA direction of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the seedling raising unit of other embodiment of this invention.
- (A) is a front view which shows the internal structure of the seedling raising unit of FIG. 24,
- (b) is a partial expanded sectional view of the roof part,
- (c) demonstrates distribution of the light emitting element of the roof part inner surface. It is explanatory drawing. It is a perspective view of the ventilation path formation member incorporated in the seedling raising unit of FIG.
- FIG. 26 It is a disassembled cross-sectional perspective view of the ventilation path formation member of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the ventilation port vicinity of the ventilation path formation member of FIG. 26, (a) shows the state in which a ventilation port is fully open, (b) shows the state in which a ventilation port is half-opened, (c) shows a ventilation port. Indicates the fully closed state.
- or (e) show operation
- or (c) are the front views and top views which show the operation
- FIG. 34 is the front view and top view which show the process at the time of taking out a cultivation tray from the cylindrical space to the raising / lowering apparatus side.
- or (e) is a perspective view which shows the relationship between the conveyance means side engaging part and drive side engaging part in each process of FIG. 34, FIG.
- the plant cultivation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention connects a seedling unit 2 having the same shape and structure in series as shown in FIG. 4 to form a series of cylindrical spaces, and cultivates plants in this cylindrical space.
- the unit obtained by connecting the seedling raising units 2 in series is a unit of the plant cultivation apparatus 1.
- a single unit of the plant cultivation apparatus 1 is installed on the seedling gantry 103a and the adult seedling gantry 103b as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and additional facilities are added to provide a comprehensive structure.
- a simple plant cultivation apparatus (plant cultivation system) 100 is configured.
- the former is referred to as “unit plant cultivation apparatus 1”
- the latter is referred to as “total plant cultivation apparatus 100”.
- the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 is configured by connecting a plurality of seedling units 2 in series as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 5.
- the total length of the individual seedling unit 2 is shown to be shorter than the actual length because of plotting.
- the actual seedling raising unit 2 has a long overall length as shown in FIGS.
- a unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a for seedlings constituted by a seedling raising unit 2a for seedlings and a unit plant cultivation apparatus 1b for adult seedlings constituted by an adult seedling raising unit 2b are mixed.
- the seedling raising unit 2a and the mature seedling raising unit 2b differ only in overall height, and the internal structure is the same. Therefore, in the following description, the seedling raising unit 2a and the adult seedling raising unit 2b will be collectively referred to as “nurturing unit 2”. Note that FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 show an adult seedling raising unit 2b.
- the seedling raising unit 2 has a case 5 that is open at both ends and can cover the peripheral surface.
- the case 5 has an arc-shaped roof portion 6, a bottom surface portion 10, and vertical wall-shaped side surface portions 7 and 8 that connect them.
- Case 5 has a length of about 3 m.
- the width of the case 5 is about 1 m. Both ends of the case 5 are open.
- One opening is referred to as an introduction opening 50, and the other is referred to as a discharge side opening 51.
- a pipe 36 is provided at the peak portion of the roof portion 6.
- the tube 36 is provided with a plurality of small holes.
- the eaves portion of the roof portion 6 is formed with a cooling water recovery rod 37.
- the inspection window 11 is transparent, and the state of the case 5 can be seen from the outside.
- the inspection window 11 can be opened and closed, and an operator can insert his / her hand into the case 5.
- Case 5 is made of colored resin or metal, and the portions other than inspection window 11 are opaque.
- a reflective paint is applied to the inner surface of the case 5. Therefore, the inner surface of the case 5 has a reflectance of 40% or more with respect to sunlight. Further, the inner surface of the case 5 desirably has a reflectance of 60% or more, and it is recommended to have a reflectance of 80% or more.
- the side surface portion 7 provided with the inspection window 11 is located on the working path side. Since the opposite side surface portion 8 is the back side, for convenience of explanation, the side surface portion 7 provided with the inspection window 11 is referred to as a passage side surface portion 7 and the opposite side is referred to as the back side surface portion 8. Called.
- a tray installation base 12 a transport device 15, a lighting device 16 and a water supply / drainage facility 17 are provided in the case 5.
- the tray mounting table 12 can slide the cultivation tray 38 in a state where the cultivation tray 38 described later is placed thereon.
- the tray mounting base 12 is made by bending a metal plate, and has mounting portions 14 that extend in strips at the left and right ends. That is, the tray mounting table 12 is formed by bending both ends of a flat plate into a “U” shape as shown in FIGS. It has the raised leg part 12b and the mounting part 14 which protruded horizontally from the leg part 12b. Further, the mounting portion 14 is provided with a fixed-side engagement protrusion 18. One end of the fixed-side engagement protrusion 18 is slidably fixed to the mounting portion 14 of the tray mounting table 12 by a hinge (not shown), and is biased so that the other end protrudes outward from the mounting portion 14. . The fixed engagement protrusion 18 has a stopper (not shown) that regulates the opening degree.
- the fixed-side engagement protrusion 18 has an opening angle of about 30 degrees to 60 degrees formed by the surface constituting the mounting section 14 around the hinge and the fixed-side engagement protrusion 18 protruding in a cantilever manner. Open as a limit, and no more. That is, the fixed-side engagement protrusion 18 is inclined with the other end protruding from the mounting portion 14 of the tray mounting table 12. The fixed engagement protrusion 18 sinks into the mounting portion 14 when receiving an external force in the vertical direction, and the other end protrudes outward from the mounting portion 14 again when the external force disappears.
- the fixed side engagement protrusion 18 is a protrusion having a check function.
- the transport device 15 is configured by two rows of pressing member coupling bodies 20.
- the pressing member coupling body 20 is formed by connecting a plurality of pressing members 22 with a cord-like body 23 such as a wire, a chain, or a belt.
- the four pressing members 22 are coupled by wires at intervals.
- the pressing member 22 has a block-like main body portion 24, and each main body portion 24 is provided with a moving-side engagement protrusion (counter engagement portion) 21.
- the moving side engaging protrusion 21 has the same structure and function as those of the fixed side engaging protrusion 18 described above. That is, the moving side engaging protrusion 21 is biased so that one end of the moving side engaging protrusion 21 is swingably fixed to the main body 24 by a hinge (not shown) and the other end protrudes outward from the main body 24.
- the moving engagement protrusion 21 has a stopper (not shown) that regulates the opening degree.
- the angle formed between the surface that forms the surface of the pressing member 22 centering on the hinge and the moving side engaging protruding portion 21 that protrudes in a cantilever manner is about 30 to 60 degrees. Open at the limit of the opening, not open any further. That is, the moving side engaging protrusion 21 is inclined with the other end protruding from the main body.
- the moving side engaging protrusion 21 When the moving side engaging protrusion 21 receives an external force in the vertical direction, the moving side engaging protrusion 21 sinks to the main body portion of the main body 24, and when the external force disappears, the other end protrudes outward from the main body 24 again.
- the moving side engagement protrusion 21 is a protrusion having a check function.
- the pressing member 22 is connected by the cord-like body 23, but the engagement ring 27 is provided at the ends of the cord-like body 23 at both ends of the transport device 15.
- each pressing member coupling body 20 is an area surrounded by the leg portions 12 b of the tray mounting base 12 and is in the vicinity of the inner end portion of the placement portion 14.
- the lighting device 16 is a fluorescent lamp or an LED, and can emit light having a wavelength suitable for growing plants.
- the water supply / drainage equipment 17 is configured by a supply side pipe 31 for supplying a culture solution to the cultivation tray 38 and a collection side pipe 32 for collecting the culture solution overflowed from the cultivation tray.
- the supply side pipe 31 includes a single main pipe 33 and a plurality of branch pipes 35 branched from the main pipe 33.
- the collection side pipe 32 has a culture medium collection basket 46.
- the cultivation tray 38 includes a container portion 40 having a square shape in plan view and a seedling holding plate 41.
- the container part 40 is a tray having a structure in which water does not leak and has an open upper surface. In the vicinity of the opening of the container 40, the area is made slightly larger.
- the bottom of the container part 40 is provided with an uneven shape as shown in FIG. That is, convex portions 42 and concave groove portions 43 are provided in parallel and alternately on the bottom of the container portion 40.
- the vertical wall portion of the recessed groove portion 43 functions as the engaging portion 45 as described later.
- the seedling holding plate 41 is a plate provided with a plurality of openings.
- the tray mounting table 12 and the transport device 15 are arranged at the bottom position in the case 5. Further, as described above, the two rows of pressing member coupling bodies 20 are in the inner portion of the tray installation base 12.
- the tray mounting base 12 is slightly inclined in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction in the case 5. That is, the placement portions 14 extending in two rows of the tray mounting base 12 are slightly inclined in the lateral direction, and the passage side surface portion 7 is lower than the back side surface portion 8. Therefore, when the cultivation tray 38 is installed on the tray installation table 12 as shown in FIG. 9, the cultivation tray 38 is slightly inclined in the lateral direction.
- the transport device 15 is connected by a power transmission member 28 as will be described later, and can start the pressing member 22 in the longitudinal direction of the case 5 (direction connecting both end openings) by starting a motor (not shown).
- the main pipe 33 of the supply side piping 31 of the water supply / drainage equipment 17 is in the vicinity of the upper end of the back side surface portion 8. Further, the branch pipe 35 of the water supply / drainage equipment 17 is opened above the tray installation base 12.
- the culture solution collection basket 46 of the water supply / drainage equipment 17 is attached to a position in the vicinity of the passage side surface portion 7 and low in the height direction.
- the lighting device 16 is provided inside the case 5 and inside the roof portion 6.
- the attachment position of the illuminating device 16 is a position where the cultivation tray 38 on the tray installation base 12 can be irradiated with light.
- the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 is configured by connecting a plurality of seedling raising units 2 in series.
- the plurality of seedling units 2 have the same shape and structure, and the introduction opening 50 of the case 5 of the seedling unit 2 is connected to the discharge side opening 51 of the case 5 of one seedling unit 2.
- the cases 5 of the seedling raising unit 2 are opposed to each other with a gap between them, and the case 5 is connected by attaching a connecting member 55 therebetween.
- the connection member 55 is a belt as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and one end is fixed to the pillar 107 of the seedling support 103a and the adult seedling support 103b as shown in FIGS.
- the width of the connecting member 55 is shorter than that of the case 5. Specifically, it is about 30 cm to 80 cm.
- the connecting member 55 has a belt shape and is wound around a gap portion between the cases 5.
- the case 5 of the seedling raising unit 2 is arranged in a straight line as shown in FIGS.
- an interval is provided between the discharge opening 51 of the case 5 of the one seedling unit 2 and the introduction opening 50 of the case 5 of the adjacent seedling unit 2 so that a hand can enter.
- it is arranged so that the end of the seedling raising unit 2 adjacent to the discharge side opening 51 of the case 5 is opposed to the case 5 with an interval of about 10 cm to 40 cm.
- wiring, piping, etc. are connected between the raising seedling units 2 adjacent as shown in FIG.
- the main pipes 33 of the supply-side piping 31 of the water supply / drainage equipment 17 are connected.
- a cooling water recovery basket 37 of the roof portion 6 is connected between the seedling raising units 2 (not shown).
- a feeding line of the lighting device 16 is connected between the seedling raising units 2 (not shown).
- the water supply / drainage equipment 17 in each case 5 is connected by a coupler or the like (not shown) to construct a series of water supply / drainage lines. That is, the main pipe 33 of the supply side pipe 31 is connected to the main pipe 33 of the seedling raising unit 2 whose both ends are adjacent, and a series of water supply lines is constructed.
- the culture solution collection basket 46 is also connected to the culture solution collection basket 46 of the adjacent seedling unit 2 to construct a series of drainage lines.
- connection part and / or junction part of culture medium supply path (2) Branch part for branching branch pipe from main pipe supplying culture medium (3) Connection part and / or junction part of discharge path for culture medium (4) Connection portion and / or junction portion of lighting electrical wiring (5) Branch portion from main line of lighting electrical wiring to each illumination (6) Connection portion and / or junction portion of air conditioning duct (7) For air conditioning Ducting part of duct (8) Connection part and / or junction part of carbon dioxide pipe (9) Branching part of carbon dioxide pipe (10) Valve (11) Distribution board (12) Fuse
- the pressing member coupling bodies 20 in the adjacent cases 5 are connected.
- the engagement rings 27 provided at the ends of the pressing member coupling body 20 are connected by the power transmission member 28.
- the power transmission member 28 is a connection fitting that connects the engagement rings 27 to each other, and transmits power in the axial direction.
- Both ends of the press member connecting body 20 connected in series are wound around the rolls 30a and 30b.
- the transfer device 15 in the case 5 is connected, and the transfer devices 15 in the plurality of cases 5 constitute a series of transfer means 19 as shown in FIG.
- the rolls 30a and 30b can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions by a motor (not shown). By rotating the rolls 30 a and 30 b, the pressing member connecting body 20 moves, and the pressing member 22 moves linearly in the case 5.
- the mounting portion 14 constitutes a series of tray running surfaces.
- a connecting member 55 is attached from the outside between the cases 5 of the two seedling unit 2.
- a series of cylindrical spaces 60 are formed therein.
- Some doors and lids are installed at both ends of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1. Therefore, the cylindrical space 60 is almost a closed space, but the sealing degree of the cylindrical space is not so high.
- a feeding line 25 is connected to the lighting device 16 in each case 5, and can be turned on / off for each seedling unit 2. Also, the illuminance can be adjusted for each case 5.
- a volume (not shown) and a fuse for adjusting the illuminance are located between the cases 5 of the two seedling unit 2.
- the cultivation tray 38 is placed on the tray installation table 12, and the branch pipe 35 of the above-described water supply / drainage equipment 17 opens on the cultivation tray 38. Therefore, when the culture solution is discharged from the branch pipe 35, all the discharged culture solution enters the cultivation tray 38.
- the cultivation tray 38 is in an inclined posture, the excess culture solution overflows from the side to the passage side surface portion 7 side of the cultivation tray 38, but is near the passage side surface portion 7 and is low in the height direction. Since the culture solution collecting bowl 46 is provided at the position, the overflowed culture solution is collected in the culture solution collecting bowl 46.
- tube 36 provided in the peak part of the roof part 6 is connected, and a series of cooling water supply lines are constructed
- the cooling water supply line prevents the temperature in the cylindrical space 60 from excessively rising due to the lighting device 16 installed in each case 5, and discharges water from a hole provided in the pipe 36.
- the roof portion 6 of the case 5 is cooled.
- the discharged water flows through the arc-shaped roof portion 6 and is collected in the cooling water collecting bowl 37.
- the cultivation tray 38 is inserted from one end side (upstream end portion) of the series of cylindrical spaces 60.
- the cultivation tray 38 is pre-planted with plant seedlings such as lettuce.
- four cultivation trays 38 are installed on the tray installation table 12 of one seedling unit 2. Although the number of cultivation trays 38 put in one seedling raising unit 2 is arbitrary, it is recommended that the number is about 2 to 6.
- the cultivation tray 38 is placed in an inclined posture on the tray mounting base 12 in the case 5 as shown in FIGS. Then, the culture solution is supplied to the cultivation tray 38 by the supply-side piping 31 of the water supply / drainage equipment 17, and the overflowed culture solution is collected in the culture solution collection basket 46. Accordingly, the cultivation tray 38 is always filled with the culture solution.
- the lighting device 16 supplies light required for seedling growth.
- the reflective paint is applied to the inner surface of the case 5, the light hitting the inner wall of the case 5 is also reflected and hits the seedling.
- the temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration in the cylindrical space 60 are adjusted by an air conditioner or the like (not shown).
- the cylindrical space 60 has a slightly positive pressure compared to the atmosphere. It is desirable to keep it.
- the cultivation tray 38 installed in the cylindrical space 60 is moved downstream at regular time intervals. For example, every 24 hours, the conveyance device 15 is operated, and the cultivation tray 38 is moved to the seedling raising unit 2 adjacent to the discharge side opening 51 side.
- the cultivation tray 38 is placed on the tray installation base 12 as described above, and can slide on the placement unit 14 of the tray installation base 12. Moreover, inside the mounting part 14 of the tray installation stand 12, there are two rows of pressing member connecting bodies 20 of the transport device 15, and the side of the cultivation tray 38 is above the pressing member connecting body 20 as shown in FIG. Covered. In this state, the rolls 30a and 30b are rotated to operate the pressing member coupling body 20 of the transport device 15 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. That is, a motor (not shown) is rotated so that the pressing member 22 of the transport device 15 moves from the introduction opening 50 side to the discharge side opening 51 side in the case 5.
- the moving side engagement protrusion 21 of the transport device 15 protrudes as shown in FIG.
- the bottom of the cultivation tray 38 has an uneven shape as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the pressing member 22 of the transport device 15 is moved from the introduction opening 50 side to the discharge side opening 51 side, the protruding end portion of the moving side engaging protruding portion 21 becomes the vertical wall portion (engaging portion 45) of the concave groove portion 43. And the cultivation tray 38 is pushed and moved from the introduction opening 50 side to the discharge side opening 51 side as shown in FIG. As a result, in each seedling unit 2, each cultivation tray 38 moves toward the downstream side. And the cultivation tray 38 located in the most downstream side of each seedling unit 2 enters the adjacent seedling unit 2.
- the cultivation tray 38 transfers from the tray setting base 12 of the initial seedling unit 2 to the tray setting base 12 of the seedling unit 2 adjacent to the downstream side, and moves across the seedling unit 2.
- a series of conveying means 19 to which the conveying device 15 in each case 5 is coupled is configured, and the raising unit 2 moves downstream across the raising unit 2 by the conveying means 19.
- the cultivation tray 38 in each seedling unit 2 is sequentially sent out to the previous seedling unit 2 by a series of conveying means 19.
- a new cultivation tray 38 is carried into the seedling raising unit 2 from the upstream side.
- the rolls 30a and 30b are reversed to move the conveying device 15 in the reverse direction, so that the pressing member 22 moves from the discharge side opening 51 side to the introduction opening 50 side. Do not rotate the motor.
- the moving-side engaging protrusion 21 of the transport device 15 collides with the bottom of the cultivation tray 38, but the moving-side engaging protrusion 21 is in an inclined posture and from the lower side of the inclination to the cultivation tray 38. Abut. Since the inclined surface of the moving side engaging protrusion 21 contacts the cultivation tray 38, the moving side engaging protrusion 21 is pushed downward by the vertical component of the inclination.
- the moving side engagement protrusion 21 is biased so as to protrude outward from the main body portion, but when it receives an external force in the vertical direction, it sinks into the main body 24 of the pressing member 22. Therefore, like FIG.11 (c) (d), the movement side engagement protrusion part 21 passes under the convex part of the cultivation tray 38, and the new cultivation tray 38 and the movement side engagement protrusion part 21 are FIG. Return to the relationship (a).
- the cultivation tray 38 receives a force from the discharge side opening 51 side to the introduction opening 50 side as the pressing member 22 moves from the discharge side opening 51 side to the introduction opening 50 side.
- the fixed-side engagement protrusion 18 is provided, the fixed-side engagement protrusion 18 protrudes outward from the placement portion 14 and has a check function, and the cultivation tray 38 is introduced from the discharge-side opening 51 side. Prevents movement to the 50 side.
- the cultivation tray 38 is sent from the start end to the end over about 10 to 30 days. Then, the cultivation tray 38 is taken out at the end, and the grown plants are harvested, or the cultivation tray 38 is again carried into another unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 to grow seedlings larger. That is, the cultivation tray 38 in which seedlings are planted is inserted into the seedling raising unit 2 located at the beginning of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1, the lighting device 16 is turned on to illuminate the leaves of the seedlings, and the cultivation tray 38 starts from the roots of the seedlings. The seedlings are grown by absorbing the culture solution. And the conveyance apparatus 15 is driven and the cultivation tray 38 is moved slowly in the cylindrical space 60. FIG. When the cultivation tray 38 reaches the end of one unit plant cultivation device 1 or the plurality of unit plant cultivation devices 1, the seedlings are grown to be edible and grown. It is harvested from the tray 38 and shipped.
- the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment when adjusting the temperature of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1, water is discharged
- the integrated plant cultivating apparatus 100 includes a 24 unit plant cultivating apparatus 1, a tray carrying-in apparatus 101, a tray changing apparatus 102, a tray carrying-out apparatus 112, an opening / closing member 118, and a tray transporting conveyor 140.
- An air conditioner 122 and a carbon dioxide supply facility 123 are also provided.
- the 24 unit plant cultivation device 1 is composed of 16 seedling unit plant cultivation device 1a composed of seedling raising seedling unit 2a and 8 seedling unit composed of adult seedling raising unit 2b. It is the plant cultivation apparatus 1b.
- the seedling unit plant cultivation device 1a and the adult seedling unit plant cultivation device 1b are installed on the seedling stand 103a and the adult seedling stand 103b, respectively, and a seedling unit plant cultivation device group 105 and an adult seedling unit plant cultivation device group. 106 is configured.
- the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 105 is configured by arranging 16 seedling unit plant cultivation apparatuses 1a on a seedling mount 103a in two rows and eight rows, and the adult seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 106 includes eight articles.
- the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1b is arranged in two rows and four stages on the seedling stand 103b.
- each device of the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 is as shown in FIG. 2, and from the left end of FIG.
- the device group 106 and the tray carry-out device 112 are sequentially installed. Opening / closing members 118 are provided at both ends of the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 105 and at both ends of the adult seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 106, respectively.
- the tray transfer conveyor 140 is above the seedling unit plant cultivation device group 105 and the adult seedling unit plant cultivation device group 106.
- the air conditioning equipment 122 and the carbon dioxide supply equipment 123 are located under the unit plant cultivation device group 105 for seedlings and the unit plant cultivation device group 106 for adult seedlings.
- the power supply cable, the external pipe constituting the culture fluid flow path, the carbon dioxide pipe, the air conditioning duct, the signal line, and the like are also placed under the unit plant cultivation device group 105 for seedlings and the unit plant cultivation device group 106 for adult seedlings. is there.
- the seedling raising unit 2a and the adult seedling raising unit 2b are different only in overall height, and the other structures and functions are the same. Therefore, the seedling mount 103a and the adult seedling mount 103b only differ in the number of steps and the height of each step, and the other structures are the same. Therefore, the adult seedling base 103b will be described on behalf of both.
- the seedling stand 103b is a shelf that constitutes the unit plant cultivation apparatus group 106 for adult seedlings by installing the eight unit plant cultivation apparatuses 1b for adult seedlings in two rows and four tiers.
- a column 107 and a holding member 108 are included. Each pillar 107 is connected at a plurality of height positions. Each column 107 is independent.
- the holding member 108 is attached to the pillar 107, and has bottom support portions 110a, b, c, d of four areas around the pillar 107 as shown in FIG. Each bottom support part 110a, b, c, d is horizontal.
- the holding members 108 are attached in four stages in order to install the adult seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1b in two rows and four stages.
- the interval between the holding members 108 of the pillars 107 is slightly higher than the height of the adult seedling raising unit 2b.
- the interval between the pillars 107 is equal to the length of the adult seedling raising unit 2b.
- a connecting member 55 is provided at each stage where the holding member 108 of each column 107 is attached.
- rails 111a and 111b are provided at the upper part of the side of the seedling stand 103b, and an elevating device 115 is attached to the rails 111a and 111b.
- the elevating device 115 travels along the rails 111a and 111b manually or electrically.
- the elevating device 115 is a device in which an elevating wire 116 is wound around a roller 141 that is rotated by a motor (not shown).
- a fork member 142 is suspended from the lifting wire 116.
- the fork member 142 has a substantially “L” side shape, and has a fork portion 145 in which a plurality of horizontal plates 143 project in a cantilever manner, like a claw of a forklift.
- the fork member 142 has two horizontal plates 143 attached in parallel and cantilevered from the connection portion 146, and an extension portion 144 extending obliquely upward from the connection portion 146.
- the width of the fork portion 145 is shorter than the total length of the seedling raising unit 2.
- a lifting wire 116 is attached to the tip of the extension portion 144.
- the elevating wire 116 is attached at a position where the fork portion 145 can maintain a horizontal posture.
- the opening / closing member 118 has winding rollers 146a and 146b arranged vertically and horizontally, and a sheet 147 is wound around the two winding rollers 146a and 146b.
- the sheet 147 is partially provided with an opening 148.
- the take-up rollers 146a and 146b have a motor built in the roller body, and the take-up rollers 146a and 146b are rotated by rotating the internal motor. As a result, the sheet 147 moves and the position of the opening 148 changes.
- the tray conveyor 140 is a roller conveyor.
- One adult seedling raising unit 2b is placed on one of c and d. That is, in the present embodiment, the unit installation space is between the adjacent columns 107 in the length direction and between the upper and lower holding members 108 in the height direction. Then, in the state of being placed in the unit installation space, adjacent adult seedling raising seedling units 2b face each other with a gap between the cases 5, and a connecting member 55 is mounted on the facing portion.
- the adult seedling unit plant cultivation device group 106 includes adult seedling raising unit 2b installed in each unit installation space of the adult seedling stand 103b, and the unit plant cultivation device 1b for adult seedlings arranged in two rows and four stages. is there.
- the procedure for installing the adult seedling raising unit 2b in the unit installation space is as follows. That is, the seedling raising seedling unit 2b is placed on the fork portion 145 of the fork member 142 one by one, and the lifting device 115 is moved up and down, and the lifting device 115 is run along the rails 111a and 111b, and the seedling raising seedling unit 2b is installed. Move to the front of the unit installation space. At this time, the height of the fork portion 145 is higher than the holding member 108 attached to the column 107. Then, the fork member 142 is pushed so that the elevating wire 116 is inclined, and the fork portion 145 is inserted between the holding members 108. Thereafter, the elevating device 115 is operated to lower the fork member 142, and the seedling raising seedling unit 2 b is placed on the holding member 108 from the fork portion 145.
- the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 105 is configured by arranging the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatuses 1a in two rows and eight stages on the seedling mount 103a.
- the seedling support 103a is different from the adult seedling support 103b in the number and interval of the holding members 108, but the other configurations are the same, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the tray carry-in device 101, the tray change device 102, and the tray carry-out device 112 are all elevators for transporting trays, and two elevators 125, 126, and 127 are provided.
- the tray carry-in device 101, the tray change device 102, and the tray carry-out device 112 are lifting devices. Each of the tray carry-in device 101, the tray change device 102, and the tray carry-out device 112 moves up and down the lifting platforms 125, 126, and 127 with a lifting chain (not shown).
- Roller conveyor devices 130, 131, and 132 are mounted on the lifting platforms 125, 126, and 127, respectively, and the cultivation tray 38 on the lifting platforms 125, 126, and 127 can be carried in and discharged by power.
- the opening / closing members 118 are provided at both ends of the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 105 and at both ends of the adult seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus group 106, respectively. And the opening of the edge part of each unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 is sealed with the sheet
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment grows young seedlings to a certain size in the first half and grows them to a size that can be further harvested in the second half. That is, in the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, seedlings are planted on the cultivation tray 38 in a work area (not shown). Then, the cultivation tray 38 in this state is placed on the lifting platform 125 of the tray carry-in device 101. In this embodiment, since the roller conveyor device 130 is mounted on the lifting platform 125, the cultivation tray 38 can be pulled into the lifting platform 125 from the outside by starting the roller conveyor device 130.
- the lifting platform 125 is raised to a predetermined height, the roller conveyor device 130 is activated, the cultivation tray 38 is discharged from the lifting platform 125, and the seedling raising seedling unit at the beginning of one of the seedling unit plant cultivation devices 1a.
- the opening 50 of the seedling raising unit 2a at the start end has the opening / closing member 118 as described above.
- the seedling is formed. Open the starting end of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a.
- the cultivation tray 38 is introduced into the seedling raising unit 2a from the opening 148 of the sheet 147, and thereafter, the position of the opening 148 of the sheet 147 is moved to close the end of the seedling raising unit 2a.
- Which seedling unit plant cultivation device 1a is pre-programmed to insert the cultivation tray 38, and a series of operations after placing the cultivation tray 38 on the lifting platform 125 of the tray carry-in device 101 is automatically performed. Executed. That is, the lift 125 is automatically raised and stopped at a predetermined position, the sheet 147 moves, the end of the unit plant cultivation device 1a for seedlings is opened, the roller conveyor device 130 is activated, and the cultivation tray 38 is moved. It introduce
- a cultivation tray 38 is inserted into each seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a, and each seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a is grown until the seedlings have a certain size. That is, the lighting device 16 in the seedling raising seedling unit 2a is turned on to illuminate the leaves of the seedlings, and the seedlings are grown by absorbing the culture solution in the cultivation tray 38 from the roots of the seedlings. Then, the conveying device 15 is driven, and the tray 38 is slowly moved from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the cylindrical space 60. That is, the tray 38 sequentially moves to the downstream side across the seedling raising unit 2a. When the cultivation tray 38 reaches the end of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a for young seedlings, the seedlings have grown to near the ceiling of the case 5.
- the cultivation tray 38 that has reached the end of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a for seedlings is placed on the lifting platform 126 of the tray replacement apparatus 102 and transferred to the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1b for adult seedlings. That is, an opening / closing member 118 is provided in the discharge-side opening 51 of the seedling raising seedling unit 2a at the end of the seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a, and the position of the opening 148 of the opening / closing member 118 is moved to grow the unit plant cultivation for seedlings.
- the end of the apparatus 1a is opened, and the cultivation tray 38 is discharged from the seedling raising unit 2a and placed on the lifting platform 126 of the tray changing apparatus 102.
- the tray changing device 102 moves up and down according to a program inputted in advance, and stops at the height of the specific unit plant cultivation device 1b for mature seedlings. Furthermore, the start end of the unit plant cultivation device 1b for adult seedlings is automatically opened by the opening / closing member 118 provided in the introduction opening 50 of the seedling raising unit 2b for adult seedlings at the start end of the unit plant cultivation device 1b for adult seedlings, The roller conveyor device 131 of the lifting platform 126 is activated to introduce the cultivation tray 38 into the adult seedling raising unit 2b, and then the starting end of the unit plant growing device 1b for adult seedling is automatically closed.
- seedlings are grown in the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1b for adult seedlings.
- the case 5 of the adult seedling raising unit 2b constituting the unit plant cultivation device 1b for adult seedlings has a high height, the seedling can be grown greatly.
- the cultivation tray 38 that has reached the end of the unit plant cultivation device 1b for seedlings is placed on the lifting platform 127 of the tray carry-out device 112, and after being lowered from the lifting platform 127, is discharged from the integrated plant cultivation device 100 by the roller conveyor device 132. Is done.
- This series of operations is also automatically executed. That is, an opening / closing member 118 is provided in the discharge-side opening 51 of the adult seedling raising unit 2b at the end of the unit plant cultivation device 1b for adult seedlings. Open the end of the cultivation apparatus 1b.
- the cultivation tray 38 is discharged
- the space for growing plants is limited to the cylindrical space 60 in the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the space for controlling temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and the like is narrow. Therefore, less energy is required to control them. Moreover, when a pest invades in the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1, the operation of the one unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 can be stopped to carry out pest control, and the damage does not spread. Moreover, in the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 of this embodiment, since the space which should be kept clean is limited to the cylindrical space 60, a strict pest invasion prevention measure like the conventional plant factory is taken, or a large-scale cleaning apparatus There is no need to install. Therefore, it is possible to produce crops by installing the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 of this embodiment in an abandoned factory or warehouse. Moreover, since the space which grows a plant is limited to the cylindrical space 60, the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 of this embodiment can also grow different plants with one integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100.
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 When installing the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100, the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 can be completed by manufacturing the seedling raising unit 2 and the gantry 103 in advance in the factory, and transporting them to the construction site and assembling them. Therefore, the work at the construction site is reduced. Similarly, when transferring the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100, the nursery unit 2 is removed and transported, and similarly, the gantry 103 is also removed and transported, and the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 is reconstructed at a new installation location. Can do. Therefore, the construction period and relocation period required to manufacture the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 are short. For this reason, the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 can be temporarily installed in an idle factory or the like, for example, to produce plants only for one season. A business model is also conceivable in which the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 is leased to effectively use the idle land.
- each seedling unit 2 is placed on the shelf-like holding member 108 in a state where the ends are opposed to each other, and the ends of the seedling unit 2 are connected by a separate connecting member 55. Therefore, when the connection member 55 is removed, each seedling unit 2 is disengaged, and the seedling unit 2 can be detached individually. Therefore, when the raising seedling unit 2 breaks down, the failed raising seedling unit 2 can be removed and repaired, or replaced with a new raising seedling unit 2. That is, in the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1, a series of cylindrical spaces 60 are formed by three or more seedling units 2, but the middle seedling unit 2 can be attached and detached individually.
- the transport device 15 is driven by a motor.
- the power for driving the transport device 15 is not limited to the motor, and air pressure or hydraulic pressure may be used.
- a handle may be inserted, and the transport device 15 may be driven by rotating the handle.
- the transport device 154 may have a drive source inside.
- the conveyance device 154 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 includes two rows of annular bodies 152 and a drive mechanism that drives both.
- the annular body 152 is a belt or a chain.
- the annular body 152 has a plurality of moving side engagement protrusions 21.
- Each annular body 152 is suspended between the driving side rotating body 153 and the driven side rotating body 155.
- the driving side rotating body 153 and the driven side rotating body 155 are pulleys or sprockets.
- the two rows of annular bodies 152 are arranged in parallel at a fixed distance, the drive shaft 156 is inserted between the two drive side rotators 153, and the interlocking shaft ( (Not shown) is inserted.
- a motor (not shown) is engaged with the drive shaft 156, and the drive shaft 156 can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions. Therefore, the two annular bodies 152 can rotate in both forward and reverse directions.
- the motor is built in each case 5, but power may be transmitted between the adjacent seedling raising units 150.
- the double rotating bodies 160 a and 160 b are used.
- the annular body 152 is suspended from one of the rotating bodies 160a and 160b.
- the double rotating body 160a of the seedling raising unit 150 and the double rotating body 160b of the other seedling raising unit 150 are connected by a power transmission member 161 such as a belt or a chain.
- the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 is configured such that there is a power transmission member 161 that transmits power between moving mechanisms built in adjacent cases 5.
- a series of operations from carrying in the seedling unit 2 to carrying it out are all performed by automatic control. However, some or all of the steps may be performed manually.
- the layout of FIG. 2 assumes that the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 is installed in an empty warehouse or the like on the ground, but the installation location of the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 is arbitrary, such as an underground tunnel or used. It is also possible to install the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 100 in the underground mall that has disappeared.
- the layout in this case is as shown in FIG. 19, and the seedling unit plant cultivation device group 105, the tray replacement device 102, the adult seedling unit plant cultivation device group 106, the tray carry-out device 112, and the tray transfer conveyor 140 are installed in the basement. Has been.
- a carry-in port 135 of the tray carry-in device 101 is provided on the ground.
- seedlings are planted on the cultivation tray 38 on the ground, the cultivation tray 38 is lowered underground by the tray carrying-in apparatus 101, and the cultivation tray 38 is carried into the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 to grow seedlings.
- the cultivation tray 38 is discharged by the tray carry-out device 112, and is placed on the tray transfer conveyor 140 and moved to the tray carry-in device 101 side. And the cultivation tray 38 is mounted in the tray carrying-in apparatus 101, and is carried out on the ground.
- the seedling unit plant cultivation device group 105 and the adult seedling unit plant cultivation device group 106 are linearly arranged, but a layout having a curved portion is adopted as in the layout shown in FIG. You can also That is, as the tray changing device 102, a device that can change the traveling direction of the cultivation tray 38 is used, and the cultivation tray 38 is carried into the unit plant cultivation device 1 on the downstream side while changing the traveling direction.
- the plant cultivation apparatus (plant cultivation system) 100 is configured by three types of a seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a and an adult seedling raising unit 2b, but more types of unit plants.
- the cultivation apparatus 1 may be configured. That is, there are a plurality of unit plant cultivation devices having different environments in the cylindrical space 60 such as a structure such as a height, temperature setting, humidity setting, illuminance, and type of culture solution. You may have a tray replacement
- connection member 55 is in a band shape, but may be a molded product as shown in FIG.
- the connecting member 170 has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the case 5 and includes an arc-shaped roof portion 176 and vertical wall-shaped side portions 177 and 178.
- the connecting member 170 has no bottom surface.
- the seedling unit 2 when the seedling unit 2 is installed in the unit installation space, a method is employed in which the seedling unit 2 is suspended by the fork member 142 and the seedling unit 2 is transferred from the fork member 142 to the holding member 108.
- the seedling unit 2 may be placed in the unit installation space by placing the seedling unit 2 on the end of the holding member 108 and sliding the seedling unit 2 by some method. That is, the seedling raising unit 2 may be installed in the unit installation space by sliding the case 5 on the bottom support part 110 and moving the case 5 in a direction intersecting from the axial direction of the cylindrical space 60.
- the atmospheric pressure in the cylindrical space 60 is maintained at a positive pressure, but the pressure in the cylindrical space 60 may be the same as the atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 22 shows an integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 is composed of two independent integrated plant cultivation apparatuses 201a and 201b that are opposed to each other across a passage.
- the structures and functions of the two systems of integrated plant cultivation apparatuses 201a and 201b are the same.
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 includes five unit plant cultivation apparatuses 1, an introduction / discharge-side lifting apparatus 202, a return lifting apparatus 203, a tray transfer conveyor 140, an air conditioner 205, and a culture solution supply apparatus 206. It is constituted by.
- a cultivation tray 90 as shown in FIGS. 29 and 30 is used.
- the seedling raising unit 3 which comprises the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 is as FIG. 24, FIG. That is, the seedling raising unit 3 has the same case 5 as the previous embodiment. And in the case 5, the tray installation stand 61, the linear moving member 62, the illuminating device 243 (FIG. 25), and the water supply / drainage equipment 63 are provided. Further, the seedling raising unit 3 has an air passage forming member 65 built in the case 5. The seedling raising unit 3 has a case 5 that is open at both ends and can cover the peripheral surface.
- the case 5 has an arc-shaped roof portion 6 as in the previous embodiment.
- the roof portion 6 is made of a material that is not easily rusted and has excellent thermal conductivity, such as stainless steel.
- the outer peripheral surface of the roof portion 6 is covered with a moisturizing member 240.
- the moisturizing member 240 is a cloth such as a nonwoven fabric, a mat, or the like, and a water layer is formed thinly on the outer peripheral surface of the roof portion 6.
- the pipe 36 is provided in the peak part of the roof part 6, and the roof part 6 can be cooled by discharging water from the pipe 36.
- the moisture retaining member 240 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the roof portion 6, the roof portion 6 is always moist, and the roof portion 6 is cooled by removing vaporization heat.
- substrate 241 is directly attached to the metal plate which comprises the roof part 6 like FIG.
- the illumination board 241 is obtained by attaching an LED 243 as a light emitting element to a thin resin board. Therefore, the heat generated by the LED 243 is directly heated by the metal plate constituting the roof portion 6 and radiated to the outside.
- the LED 243 is controlled to blink at a minute time interval. That is, it blinks at an interval that allows the naked eye to feel as if it is continuously emitting light.
- the reflecting plate 242 is attached to the inner surface of the roof part 6.
- the reflecting plate 242 has an arc shape along the arc of the inner surface of the roof portion 6 and covers the entire inner surface of the roof portion 6.
- a hole 245 is provided in the reflection plate 242 at a portion where the LED 243 is present, and the light of the LED 243 is irradiated to the cultivation tray 90 through the hole 245.
- a transparent resin 246 is further provided on the outer side (cultivation tray 90 side) of the reflector 242. The transparent resin 246 also covers the hole 245 portion of the reflector 242 to prevent water from entering the LED 243 side.
- the distribution of the light emitting elements (LEDs 243) provided on the inner surface of the roof portion 6 is not uniform. Specifically, the arrangement density of the LEDs 243 is lower in the vicinity of the apex of the top surface than the bottom region of the top surface. That is, in this embodiment, the lighting device is in the case 5 curved in an arc shape.
- the LED 243 near the top of the top surface irradiates light toward the bottom. Therefore, the LED 243 near the top of the top surface illuminates the central area of the cultivation tray 90.
- LED243 provided in the skirt part irradiates light in the diagonal direction.
- LED243 provided in the part of the skirt will illuminate the area
- the tray mounting table 61 can slide the cultivation tray 90 in a state where the cultivation tray 90 is placed on the tray mounting table 61 as in the previous embodiment.
- a number of rollers 66 are provided on the mounting portion 14 as a configuration unique to the present embodiment.
- the mounting portion 14 is provided with a fixed-side engagement protrusion 67.
- the fixed side engaging protrusion 67 is entirely made of spring steel.
- One end of the fixed side engaging protrusion 67 is fixed to the mounting portion 14 of the tray mounting table 61 and the other end protrudes outward from the mounting portion 14.
- the fixed engagement protrusion 67 is inclined with the other end protruding from the mounting portion 14 of the tray mounting table 61.
- the fixed engagement protrusion 67 sinks into the mounting portion 14 when receiving an external force in the vertical direction, and the other end protrudes outward from the mounting portion 14 again when the external force disappears.
- the linear moving member (pressing member) 62 is a rectangular bar-like long body.
- the linear moving member 62 is a member corresponding to the pressing member coupling body 20, and is arranged in two rows. It can be said that the linear moving member 62 is a long pressing member.
- the linear moving member 62 is provided with a moving side engaging protrusion (a tray engaging portion) 68.
- the moving side engaging protrusion 68 has the same structure and function as the fixed side engaging protrusion 67 described above.
- Each seedling unit 3 is arranged in series, and the linearly moving members 62 of the seedling unit 3 arranged in front and rear are connected by a coupling fitting (not shown).
- a conveying means side engaging portion 70 as shown in FIGS. 24 and 34 is provided at the end of the linear moving member 62.
- the conveying means side engaging portion 70 is a member having two side walls 72a and 72b and a front wall 71 and having a rectangular opening 73 penetrating vertically.
- a slit 74 extending in the vertical direction is formed in the front wall 71. Therefore, there is an opening extending in the vertical direction at the front end of the conveying means side engaging portion 70, and there is a space (opening 73) surrounded by the side walls 72 a and 72 b and the front wall 71 at the back.
- the water supply / drainage facility 63 includes a supply-side pipe 31 that supplies the culture solution to the cultivation tray 90 and a collection-side pipe 32 that collects the culture solution that has overflowed from the cultivation tray.
- the supply side pipe 31 includes a single main pipe 33 and a plurality of branch pipes 35 branched from the main pipe 33.
- the branch pipe 35 is a resin or rubber tube.
- a throttle member 76 that adjusts the effective opening of the branch pipe 35 by attaching a part of the tube flatly to the branch pipe 35 is attached. In this embodiment, the effective opening degree of the branch pipe 35 can be increased / decreased with the throttle member 76, and the supply amount of a culture solution can be adjusted.
- a small pump 77 is installed outside each case 5, and the discharge side of the small pump 77 is connected to the main pipe 33 of the supply side pipe 31.
- the motor that drives the small pump 77 is preferably a DC motor or the like that can arbitrarily change the rotational speed. That is, it is desirable that the supply amount of the culture solution can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the small pump 77.
- the collection side pipe 32 has a culture medium collection basket 46.
- the culture solution collecting basket 46 and the supply-side piping 31 are located at a position close to the side surface on the same side of the case 5 as shown in FIGS. More specifically, the culture solution collecting basket 46 and the supply side pipe 31 are on the passage side.
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 is composed of two independent integrated plant cultivation apparatuses 201a and 201b that face each other across the passage, and therefore, the seedling unit 3 belonging to the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 201a and The culture solution recovery basket 46 and the supply-side piping 31 of the seedling unit 3 belonging to the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 201b have a positional relationship that is different. That is, the left and right positions are reversed.
- the air passage forming member 65 is built in the case 5.
- the air passage forming member 65 includes a main pipe 80 made of resin, a large number of air volume adjusting means 81 provided around the main pipe 80, and a small blower 85 built in the main pipe 80.
- a large number of air outlets 84 are provided in the main pipe 80 of the air passage forming member 65 as shown in FIG.
- the air outlet 84 is a circular opening.
- the air volume adjusting means 81 is formed by cutting a resin pipe having a diameter slightly larger than that of the main pipe 80 and forming a slit 82 in the axial direction.
- the cross-sectional shape of the air volume adjusting means 81 is “C” shape.
- the air volume adjusting means 81 is attached to the air outlet 84 of the main pipe 80. That is, the air volume adjusting means 81 is attached to the main pipe 80 so as to surround the main pipe 80.
- the air volume adjusting means 81 is rotatable with respect to the main pipe 80 and can adjust the opening degree of the air outlet 84.
- the substantial opening area of the air outlet 84 can be made 100%.
- the air blowing port 84 can be closed.
- the substantial opening area of the air blowing port 84 can be reduced by matching a part of the slit 82 with the air blowing port 84.
- a large pipe 83 having a large inner diameter is connected to the main pipe 80 in series, and a small blower 85 is built in the thick pipe 83.
- the motor 86 for driving the small blower 85 can arbitrarily change the rotational speed of a direct current motor or the like.
- the small blower 85 is an axial fan.
- the seedling unit 3 is connected in a straight line, and the adjacent main pipe 80 is also connected at that time. Therefore, the main pipe 80 of the air passage forming member 65 communicates with the cylindrical space 60 of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1.
- the cultivation tray 90 includes a container portion 40 having a quadrangular plan view and a seedling holding plate 41 as shown in FIG.
- the container part 40 is a tray having a structure in which water does not leak and has an open upper surface. In the vicinity of the opening of the container 40, the area is made slightly larger.
- the container part 40 is provided with overflow pipe parts 91a and 91b.
- the overflow pipe portions 91 a and 91 b are provided at positions close to one side of the container portion 40. That is, the planar shape of the container part 40 is a rectangle, and has long sides 92a and 92b and short sides 93a and 93b facing each other.
- a region surrounded by the long sides 92a and 92b and the short sides 93a and 93b is a liquid reservoir.
- the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b are provided at the bottom of the container portion 40 at a position close to the short side 93a.
- the overflow pipe portions 91 a and 91 b are tubular portions penetrating vertically, and the distal end side is at a position rising from the bottom of the container portion 40.
- the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b function as discharge ports for discharging excess culture medium.
- the flow path forming walls 95a, 95b, and 95c are provided on the bottom of the container portion 40.
- the flow path forming walls 95a, 95b, and 95c all extend parallel to the long sides 92a and 92b of the container part 40, and are alternately in contact with the short sides 93a and 93b of the container part 40.
- the flow path forming wall 95a extends in parallel with the long side 92a starting from the short side 93a on the side close to the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b, and reaches the vicinity of the other short side 93b.
- the tip of the flow path forming wall 95a does not reach the other short side 93b, and there is a gap 96a between the tip of the flow path forming wall 95a and the other short side 93b of the container part 40.
- the flow path forming wall 95b extends in parallel with the long side 92a starting from the other short side 93b and reaches the vicinity of the short side 93a on the side close to the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b.
- the front end of the flow path forming wall 95b does not reach the short side 93a, and there is a gap 96b between the front end of the flow path forming wall 95b and the short side 93a of the container part 40.
- the flow path forming wall 95c extends in parallel with the long side 92a starting from the short side 93a on the side close to the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b, and reaches the vicinity of the other short side 93b.
- the tip of the flow path forming wall 95c does not reach the other short side 93b, and there is a gap 96c between the tip of the flow path forming wall 95c and the other short side 93b of the container part 40.
- the gap 96b in the central part is connected to the forward flow path 97a formed by the flow path forming wall 95b and the flow path forming wall 95a. . Further, the outward flow path 97a is connected to the gap 96a. Further, the gap 96a is connected to the return side flow path 97b formed by the flow path forming wall 95a and the long side 92a of the container section 40, and reaches the overflow pipe section 91a. That is, the gap 96b at the center and the overflow pipe 91a are connected by a series of channels formed by the forward channel 97a, the gap 96a, and the return channel 97b.
- the outward flow path 97c is connected to the gap 96c.
- the gap 96c is connected to the return side flow path 97d formed by the flow path forming wall 95c and the long side 92b of the container section 40, and reaches the overflow pipe section 91b. That is, the central gap 96b and the overflow pipe 91b are connected by a series of flow paths formed by the forward flow path 97c, the clearance 96c, and the return flow path 97d.
- the culture solution is dropped into the central space 96b.
- the place from which the culture solution is supplied to the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b are connected by a serial flow path.
- the flow path from the place where the culture solution is supplied to the overflow pipe portions 91a and 91b is a flow path based on a straight line formed of flow path forming walls 95a, b and c extending linearly.
- the flow path forming wall may be extended in a curved line, and the flow path may be a curved flow path.
- the introduction / discharge-side lifting device 202 has a lifting platform 125 that is lifted and lowered by a chain, a wire, or the like, and a conveyor device 180, a conveying device driving device 181, a culture tray tilting device 182, and a basket 183 is provided.
- the conveyor device 180 is composed of a pair of belt running members 185a and 185b that are arranged at a constant interval.
- the belt running members 185a and 185b are driven by pulley members 193 provided at both ends of the motor built-in roller 195, and a plurality of driven pulleys 188a, b. c, d and a plurality of rollers 190 for supporting the load of the culture tray. That is, the driven pulley and the roller are supported by the pulley support plate 191 in a cantilever manner.
- the belt 186 includes a pulley member 193 and driven pulleys 188a, b. c and d.
- the conveyor device 180 travels by two belts 186 arranged in parallel by driving a roller 195 with a built-in motor.
- the conveying means driving device 181 has a pair of front-rear direction driving devices arranged at a constant interval.
- a belt 215 is stretched between a driving-side pulley member 211 provided at both ends of the motor built-in roller 210 and a driven-side pulley member 213 provided at both ends of the idling roller 212.
- the belt 215 is a toothed belt, and the driving pulley member 211 and the driven pulley member 213 are toothed pulleys.
- the conveying means driving device 181 is configured such that a driving side engaging member 216 is attached to the belt 215 of the front-rear direction driving device described above.
- the drive-side engagement member 216 is a substantially “T” -shaped member, and is a drive-side engagement that extends in the direction intersecting the extension rod portion 217 at the distal end of the elongated extension rod portion 217 and the extension rod portion 217. Part 218.
- the extension rod portion 217 is a strip-shaped steel material.
- the extension rod portion 217 is used with the width direction of the strip-shaped steel material in the vertical posture and the longitudinal direction in the horizontal direction.
- a driving side engaging portion 218 is integrally provided at the tip of the extension rod portion 217.
- the conveying means driving device 181 has a driving side engaging member 216 fixed to the belt 215 of the front and rear direction driving device, and the driving side engaging member 216 is moved in the front and rear direction by driving the motor built-in roller 210. Move straight to.
- the driving side engaging member 216 is engaged with a guide (not shown) and guided so as to move linearly. Since the conveying means driving device 181 is provided on the lifting platform 125, it moves in the vertical direction by moving the lifting platform 125 up and down.
- the culture tray tilting means 182 is a single bar that moves in the front-rear direction.
- the culture tray tilting means 182 includes a tilting engagement member 220, a drive mechanism 221 that linearly moves the tilting engagement member, and a guide member that guides the tilting engagement member 220 to move in the linear direction ( (Not shown).
- the inclination engaging member 220 is a long member, and a rack 222 is formed on the lower surface.
- a pinion 223 is engaged with the rack 222.
- the pinion 223 is driven by a guard motor 225. Therefore, when the geared motor 225 is driven to rotate the pinion 223, the rack 222 engaged with the pinion 223 linearly moves, and the tilting engagement member 220 linearly moves in the front-rear direction.
- the rack 222 is provided at a position near the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 of the lifting platform 125. Therefore, when the geared motor 225 is driven to move the inclination engaging member 220 to the unit plant cultivation device 1 side, the inclination engagement member 220 enters the seedling unit 3 side of the unit plant cultivation device 1. Since the culture tray tilting means 182 is provided on the lifting platform 125, the culture tray tilting unit 182 moves in the vertical direction by moving the lifting platform 125 up and down.
- the elevating platform 125 is provided with the conveyor device 180, the transport device driving device 181, the culture tray tilting device 182, and the basket 183.
- the positional relationship of each member is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 31, there is a ridge 183 at the left end of the lifting platform 125, and the ridge 183 extends linearly toward the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 side.
- culture tray tilting means 182 is installed on the other side in the width direction of lifting platform 125.
- a conveyor device 180 and a transport device driving device 181 are located in a region sandwiched between the basket 183 and the culture tray tilting device 182. More specifically, there is a conveyor device 180 inside the basket 183 and the culture tray tilting means 182, and further there is a conveying means driving device 181 inside.
- the conveyor device 180 is configured by the pair of belt running members 185a and 185b arranged at a constant interval as described above, and one of the belt running members 185a and 185b is next to the flange 183, and the other Is next to the culture tray tilting means 182.
- the conveying means driving device 181 has a pair of front and rear direction driving devices, one front and rear direction driving device is next to the belt traveling member 185a, and the other front and rear direction driving device is next to the belt traveling member 185b. is there.
- the return lifting device 203 does not have the culture tray tilting means 182, the transport means driving device 181 and the basket 183, and is provided with a conveyor device 180 on the lifting platform 127.
- the tray transfer conveyor 140 is a roller conveyor, but may be a belt conveyor.
- the tray transfer conveyor 140 is connected to the conveyor device 180 of the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202 in a line when the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202 is raised to the top floor, and is discharged from the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202.
- the grown cultivation tray 90 can be placed and moved to the return lifting device 203 side.
- the conveyor device 180 of the return lifting device 203 and the tray transfer conveyor 140 are connected in a line, and the cultivation tray is transferred from the tray transfer conveyor 140 to the return lifting device 203. 90 can be delivered.
- the introduction / discharge-side lifting apparatus 202 and the tray transport conveyor 140 are both surrounded by an outer wall material having airtightness, and airtightness is ensured between the outside. ing. Further, the introduction / discharge side lifting device 202 and the tray transfer conveyor 140 communicate with each other. Therefore, a series of air flow paths are formed by the introduction / discharge-side lifting device 202 and the tray transfer conveyor 140.
- the end portion of the tray transfer conveyor 140 is connected to the intake side of the air conditioner 205 via a duct 226.
- the exhaust side of the air conditioner 205 is connected to the main pipe 80 of the air passage forming member 65 in the cylindrical space 60 of each unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 by a duct or the like.
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 is composed of two independent integrated plant cultivation apparatuses 201a and 201b that face each other across the passage. indicate.
- the cultivation tray 90 is conveyed as shown by the arrow in FIG. That is, the cultivation tray 90 is carried into the introduction / discharge side lifting device 202. Specifically, the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge side lifting device 202 is lowered to the lowest position. And the cultivation tray 90 is carried with the conveying apparatus which is not shown in figure, and the cultivation tray 90 is mounted on the raising / lowering stand 125. FIG. At this time, the conveyor apparatus 180 is driven and the cultivation tray 90 is pulled into the lifting platform 125 side.
- the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge-side lifting device 202 is raised to the top floor, and the cultivation tray 90 is transferred from the lifting platform 125 to the tray conveyor 140. And the tray conveyance conveyor 140 is driven and the cultivation tray 90 is delivered to the raising / lowering stand 127 of the raising / lowering apparatus 203 for a return. Thereafter, the elevator 127 of the return elevator 203 is lowered to a desired floor, and the cultivation tray 90 is carried into the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 on the desired floor. Then, the cultivation tray 90 is moved downstream while growing the plant in the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1.
- the cultivation tray 90 When the cultivation tray 90 reaches the end of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1, the cultivation tray 90 is moved to the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge-side lifting apparatus 202. And the elevator 125 is lowered to the lowest floor, the conveyor device 180 is driven, and the cultivation tray 90 is discharged from the elevator 125.
- the characteristic function of the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 of this embodiment will be described.
- the cultivation tray 90 reaching the end of the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 is taken out to the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge-side lifting apparatus 202
- the cultivation tray 90 in the terminal seedling raising unit 3 is removed. Is tilted toward the culture solution recovery basket 46 side, and the culture solution in the seedling raising unit 3 is drained.
- FIG. 1 When the cultivation tray 90 reaching the end of the unit plant cultivation device 1 is introduced into the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge lifting device 202, the lifting platform 125 is moved by moving the lifting platform 125 as shown in FIG.
- the lifting platform 125 has the tilting engagement member 220, but the tilting engagement member 220 is drawn into the region of the lifting platform 125 and cannot be engaged with the cultivation tray 90. Therefore, even if the lifting platform 125 is moved up and down, the tilting engagement member 220 does not collide with the seedling raising unit 3 or the cultivation tray 90.
- the conveying means driving device 181 and the driving side engaging member 216 is drawn into the region of the lifting platform 125, and even if the lifting platform 125 is lifted, the driving side engaging member is attached to the seedling unit 3 or the cultivation tray 90. 216 will not collide.
- the geared motor 225 is driven to rotate the pinion 223, the rack 222 engaged with the pinion 223 is linearly moved to advance the tilting engagement member 220, and the tilting engagement member as shown in FIG. 220 is inserted into the terminal nursery unit 3.
- the inclination engaging member 220 digs under the cultivation tray 90 on the side facing the culture solution recovery basket 46.
- the engaging member 220 for inclination moves from a position where it cannot engage with the cultivation tray 90 to a position where it can engage with the cultivation tray 90.
- the lifting platform 125 is slightly raised.
- the engaging member 220 for inclination raises with the raising of the raising / lowering stand 125, and only one side of the cultivation tray 90 is lifted. Therefore, the cultivation tray 90 is inclined toward the culture solution collecting basket 46 side, and the culture solution inside is drained.
- the elevator 125 is lowered and the cultivation tray 90 is returned to the original posture. Subsequently, as shown in FIG.
- the guard motor 225 is then rotated in the reverse direction, the pinion 223 is rotated, the rack 222 engaged with the pinion 223 is linearly moved, the tilting engagement member 220 is moved backward, and the tilting is performed.
- the engagement member 220 is returned from the seedling raising unit 3 to the lifting platform 125 side.
- FIG. 34A shows the relationship between the lifting platform 125 and the conveying means driving device 181 immediately after the tilting engagement member 220 is returned from the raising unit 3 to the lifting platform 125 side, and the terminal seedling unit 3.
- FIG. 36A shows the relationship between the driving side engaging member 216 and the conveying means side engaging portion 70 of the terminal seedling raising unit 3 at that time.
- the driving side engaging member 216 is advanced. Specifically, the motor built-in roller 210 is driven to run the belt 215, and the driving side engaging member 216 fixed to the belt 215 is moved to the unit plant cultivation device 1 side.
- the seedling unit 3 at the end of the unit plant cultivating apparatus 1 is provided with the conveying means side engaging portion 70.
- the height of the driving side engaging member 216 is increased. The height is higher than the conveying means side engaging portion 70 on the seedling raising unit 3 side (FIG. 36B). Therefore, even if the driving side engaging member 216 is moved to the unit plant cultivation device 1 side, the driving side engaging member 216 does not collide with the conveying means side engaging portion 70 (FIG. 36C). Then, as shown in FIGS. 34B and 36C, the driving side engaging portion 218 of the driving side engaging member 216 is brought to a position just above the conveying means side engaging portion 70.
- the elevator platform 125 is lowered.
- the leading end portion of the driving side engaging member 216 enters the quadrangular opening 73 that penetrates the conveying means side engaging portion 70 from above and below from above.
- the front wall 71 of the conveying means side engaging portion 70 has a slit 74 extending in the vertical direction, and the extension rod portion 217 of the driving side engaging member 216 passes through the slit 74.
- the driving side engaging member 216 is retracted.
- the tip end portion (driving side engaging portion 218) of the driving side engaging member 216 enters the opening 73 of the conveying means side engaging portion 70, and the driving side engaging portion 218 is connected to the conveying means side engaging portion 70. Since it is engaged, the linear moving member 62 of the seedling raising unit 3 moves linearly and is pulled toward the lifting platform 125 as the driving side engaging member 216 moves backward.
- the cultivation tray 90 in each seedling unit 3 is engaged with the movement-side engagement protrusion (drive-side engagement portion) 68 of the linear movement member 62 and proceeds to the introduction / discharge-side lifting device 202 side, as shown in FIG.
- the leading cultivation tray 90 is drawn to the lifting platform 125 side of the introduction / discharge lifting device 202.
- the drive side engaging member 216 is advanced to the seedling raising unit 3 side, and the linear moving member 62 is returned into the seedling raising unit 3. Thereafter, a process reverse to the above process is performed. Specifically, the lifting platform 125 is raised to extract the tip end portion (drive side engagement portion 218) of the drive side engagement member 216 from the opening 73 of the transport means side engagement portion 70, and further to the drive side engagement member 216. Is retracted and returned to the lifting platform 125 side.
- all the seedling units 3 constituting one unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 have the linear moving members 62, and all the linear moving members 62 are connected in series with the connection fittings. Therefore, the linear moving member 62 in all the seedling raising units 3 is introduced and moved by linearly moving the linear moving member 62 of the seedling raising unit 3 at the end of the unit plant cultivation device 1 by the conveying means driving device 181 on the lifting platform 125 side. It moves to the discharge side lifting device 202 side. As a result, the cultivation trays 90 in all the seedling raising units 3 are moved to the introduction / discharge side lifting device 202 side.
- the drive side engaging member 216 is advanced to return the linearly moving member 62 into the seedling raising unit 3, and the lifting platform 125 is raised contrary to the previous step, and the drive side engaging member 216 is engaged with the drive side.
- the joining portion 218 is raised and removed from the opening 73 of the conveying means side engaging portion 70.
- the driving side engaging member 216 is retracted and returned to the lifting platform 125 side.
- the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200 of this embodiment has an air conditioner 205, and the exhaust side of the air conditioner 205 is a main pipe of the air passage forming member 65 in the cylindrical space 60 of each unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 by a duct or the like. 80.
- the air passage forming member 65 is disposed so as to penetrate the cylindrical space 60 in the axial direction, and a small fan 85 is provided in the middle portion. More specifically, one small blower 85 is provided in each seedling raising unit 3 constituting the unit plant cultivation apparatus 1.
- a large number of air outlets 84 are provided in the main pipe 80. That is, a large number of air outlets 84 are provided from the discharge side of the small fan 85 of one seedling unit 3 to the suction side of the small fan 85 of the next seedling unit 3. Therefore, even if the pressure on the discharge side of the air conditioner 205 is insufficient, the pressure is increased by the small air blower 85 in the middle, and the air can be sent into the cylindrical space 60 from each air outlet 84.
- the opening degree of the ventilation opening 84 can be changed from fully closed to fully open, it is possible to send wind to a necessary place.
- the opening degree of the air outlet 84 is manually adjusted, but a method of remotely operating the opening degree of the air outlet 84 using a motor valve or the like is also recommended. It is also recommended to provide a louver that is driven by power at the air outlet 84 and periodically change the air blowing direction. The amount of blown air can be controlled based on information such as the current supplied to the motor, the number of rotations of the motor, and the blowing direction.
- a plurality of air passage forming members 65 may be provided.
- a plurality of air passage formation members 65 may be provided, and the temperature and humidity of the air flowing through the air passage formation member 65 may be different.
- a plurality of air passage forming members 65 may be provided, and one or more of them may be used for suction. For example, if there is an area where the carbon dioxide concentration is high, air in the area may be sucked and replaced with a suction air passage forming member.
- the air passage forming member 65 is provided with a plurality of small blowers 85, and the blower openings 84 are provided between the small blowers 85. Depending on the air blowing strength of the small blowers 85, some of the blower openings 84 are provided. May have a negative pressure tendency. For example, when the ventilation of one small blower 85 is weak and the suction force of the small blower 85 ahead is strong, the air outlet 84 provided between the two small blowers 85 tends to have a negative pressure, and the cylindrical space 60. The air inside is aspirated. Therefore, it is possible to intentionally draw the air in the cylindrical space 60 by making the air blowing port 84 have a negative pressure tendency to generate wind or diffuse carbon dioxide or the like.
- the cross-sectional shape of the air passage forming member 65 is arbitrary.
- the air blown from the air blowing port 84 generates a local wind in the vicinity of the air blowing port 84. That is, in this embodiment, it has a blowing means which blows and moves the air in the cylindrical space, and the blowing means can vary the blown amount for each area and can generate wind locally. .
- the blowing means can vary the blown amount for each area and can generate wind locally.
- the cylindrical space 60 opens to the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202, and the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202 and the tray transfer conveyor 140 communicate with each other to form a series of air flow paths.
- the end portion of the tray transfer conveyor 140 is connected to the intake side of the air conditioner 205 via a duct 226. Therefore, the air blown out from the discharge side of the air conditioner 205 enters the cylindrical space 60 from the air outlet 84 of the air passage forming member 65, and further passes through the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202 and the tray transfer conveyor 140. Return to. That is, air circulates through a series of circulation paths including the air conditioner 205.
- the culture solution supply device 206 includes a culture solution tank and a pump (not shown).
- a replenishment tank (not shown) is provided at the top of the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200, and a replenishment tank and a small pump 77 attached to each seedling raising unit 3 are connected.
- a culture solution is supplied to the supply tank (not shown) from the pump of the integrated plant cultivation apparatus 200, and a culture solution at a constant water level is always stored in the supply tank.
- the culture solution is supplied from the replenishment tank to the small pump 77 by gravity drop, and the culture solution pressurized by the small pump 77 is supplied to the main pipe 33 of the supply side pipe 31. Then, the culture solution is supplied from the branch pipe 35 to each cultivation tray 90.
- the culture solution is supplied between the two overflow tube portions 91a and 91b on the short side 93a side of the overflow tube portions 91a and 91b of each cultivation tray 90. That is, the culture solution is supplied to the gap 96a.
- one flow path from the gap (region where the culture solution is dropped) 96b to the overflow tube 91a is formed in a region from the center of the bottom of the container 40 to the overflow tube 91a. Yes.
- a small centrifugal pump for the small pump 77, but a pump such as a gear pump whose discharge amount is proportional to the rotational speed can also be used.
- a gear pump whose discharge amount is proportional to the rotational speed
- the quantity of the culture solution supplied to each cultivation tray 90 can be controlled precisely.
- the small pump 77 has a built-in check valve.
- the gear pump described above is also recommended in that it has a check function.
- the wind generated in the cylindrical space 60 and the amount of the culture solution supplied to the cultivation tray 90 can be performed by remote operation or by a preset program.
- the change in the air flow rate is programmed in advance according to the type of plant, season, place in the cylindrical space 60, and the like, and the air flow rate is changed in accordance with the program. For example, how much the plant has grown is determined by the distance from the return lifting device 203 of the cylindrical space 60, so that only a specific area is programmed to generate a specific amount of wind for a specific time. Then, the air flow rate is changed according to the program.
- the supply amount of the culture solution is programmed in advance according to the plant type, season, location in the cylindrical space 60, and the like, and the rotational speed of the small pump 77 is changed in accordance with the program.
- the conveyance means driving device 181 for driving the conveyance means is mounted on the introduction / discharge side lifting device 202. Then, the lifting platform 125 of the introduction / discharge side lifting / lowering device 202 is stopped at a desired floor, and the driving-side engaging portion 218 of the transport means driving device 181 is engaged with the linear moving member 62 on the raising seedling unit 3 side.
- the linear moving member 62 is linearly moved to advance the cultivation trays 90 in all the seedling raising units 3.
- the linear moving member 62 of the several unit plant cultivation apparatus 1 can be operated with one conveyance means drive device 181, and it is sufficient for the number of parts to be small. Further, since the power portion is outside the cylindrical space 60, maintenance is easy.
- the configuration in which the drive side engaging portion 218 and the linear moving member 62 on the seedling raising unit 3 side are engaged and disengaged by moving the lifting platform 125 up and down is employed.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and engagement / disengagement with the linear moving member 62 may be performed by providing a chuck or the like in the driving side engaging portion 218.
- the whole cultivation tray 90 is inclined and a culture solution is discharged
- a device for tilting the cultivation tray 90 is mounted on the introduction / discharge-side lifting device 202.
- the cultivation tray 90 of the plurality of unit plant cultivation devices 1 can be tilted by one transport means driving device 181 and the number of parts is sufficient.
- the power portion is outside the cylindrical space 60, maintenance is easy.
- the lifting platform 125 is additionally provided with lifting means such as a cylinder or a cam. One end of the cultivation tray 90 may be lifted by this lifting / lowering means.
- the light emitting member such as the LED 243 is provided on the inner surface of the roof portion 6. Therefore, the height of the light emitting member (height with respect to the cultivation tray 90) is always constant and cannot be changed.
- the structure which can change the height of a light emitting member is also employable. For example, when the seedling is small, the height of a part or all of the light emitting members is lowered and brought closer to the seedling. Further, it is desirable that the light emitting member at a position where it is difficult to irradiate the seedlings disappears or dims.
- unit plant cultivation apparatus 1a seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 1b adult seedling unit plant cultivation apparatus 2, 3, 150 seedling raising unit 2a seedling raising seedling unit 2b adult seedling raising seedling unit 5 case 11 inspection window 12 tray setting table 15,154 Conveying device 16 Illuminating device 17 Water supply / drainage equipment 19 Conveying means 20 Pressing member coupling body 22 Pressing member 21 Moving-side engagement protrusions 28 and 161 Power transmission member 36 Pipe 37 Cooling water recovery basket 38 and 90 Cultivation trays 55 and 170 Connection member 60 cylindrical space 62 linear moving member 65 air passage forming member 70 conveying means side engaging portion 81 air volume adjusting means 84 air outlet 85 small blowers 91a, 91b overflow pipe portion 100 integrated plant cultivation device 101 tray carrying device 102 tray changing device 103a Seedling stand 103b Adult seedling stand 108 Holding members 110a, b, c, d Support 112 tray unloading device 118 closing member 125 lifting platform 181 carrying means driving device 182 culture tray tilting means 216 driving-side engaging member 2
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Abstract
Description
植物栽培装置によると、日照や温度、水分、肥料濃度等が適度に制御された環境で作物を作ることができるので、露地栽培に比べて収穫に要する期間が短い。
また植物栽培装置の多くは水耕栽培によって作物を育成するものであり、露地栽培に比べて清潔である。さらに室内で作物を栽培するので害虫が付かず、無農薬で作物を栽培することができる。そのため植物栽培装置は、レタス等の皮を剥いたりせずに食する野菜を栽培するのに好適である。
栽培トレイがコンベア装置の末端に至ったときには、苗が収穫可能な大きさに成長している。
また従来技術の植物栽培装置は、建屋内や部屋内の全体の環境が、対象となる植物の生育に適した温度や湿度に保たれる。
そのため環境を維持するために多くの熱や冷熱が必要であり、エネルギーコストが高いという不満がある。
また前記した様に従来技術の植物栽培装置は、建屋全体や部屋全体の環境が対象となる植物の生育に適した温度や湿度に保たれるので、育成条件の異なる植物を混栽することは困難である。
例えば、高温多湿を好む作物と、冷涼な環境を好む作物を同じ建屋や部屋で同時に栽培することは困難である。
ここで各育苗ユニットは、製造工場で製作することができる。
本発明では、各育苗ユニットは、製造工場で製作することを想定している。そして製造工場で製作された育苗ユニットを施工現場に搬入して連結し、植物栽培装置を完成させる。
本発明によると、施工現場における作業が大幅に低減される。そのため本発明の植物栽培装置は、設置工事が簡単である。
また育苗ユニットを取り外して修理を行えば、修理工事が大がかりなものとならない。
また連結する育苗ユニットの数を変えることによって装置の全長や育成期間の変更を行うことができる。
さらに環境調整は、一連の筒状空間内だけで足るので、調整対象の空間が小さく、環境調整に要するエネルギーが少なくて足る。
本発明の植物栽培装置は、害虫が侵入した場合の駆除についても容易である。即ち本発明によると、駆除対象となる空間が小さい上、害虫の成虫や幼虫、卵等がひそみ難いので、害虫が侵入した場合の駆除も容易である。
押圧部材を駆動するモータ等がケース内にあってもよい。また押圧部材を駆動するモータ等がケース外にあってもよい。
照明は、ケースの天井部に設けられる場合が多いから、ケースの屋根部分を水冷することが望ましい。
(1)培養液の供給路の接続部及び/又は合流部
(2)培養液を供給する主配管から枝配管を分岐する分岐部
(3)培養液の排出路の接続部及び/又は合流部
(4)照明の電気配線の接続部及び/又は合流部
(5)照明の電気配線の主線から各照明に至る分岐部
(6)空調用ダクトの接続部及び/又は合流部
(7)空調用ダクトの分岐部
(8)二酸化炭素配管の接続部及び/又は合流部
(9)二酸化炭素配管の分岐部
(10)バルブ
(11)配分盤
(12)ヒューズ
(1)給電ケーブル
(2)培養液の流路
(3)二酸化炭素の配管
(4)空調用ダクト
(5)信号線
(1)給電ケーブル
(2)培養液の流路
(3)二酸化炭素の配管
(4)空調用ダクト
(5)信号線
そこで本態様では、送風路形成部材内に複数の送風機が間隔を開けて直列的に内蔵する構成を採用している。
本発明の実施形態の植物栽培装置は、図4の様に同じ形状、構造の育苗ユニット2を直列に接続して一連の筒状空間を形成し、この筒状空間の中で植物を栽培する。本発明の実施形態では、前記した育苗ユニット2を直列に接続した物が一単位の植物栽培装置1である。そして本実施形態では、前記した一単位の植物栽培装置1が、図1、図2の様に幼苗用架台103a及び成苗用架台103bに複数条設置され、さらに付帯設備が追加されて総合的な植物栽培装置(植物栽培システム)100が構成されている。
以下、両者を区別するために、前者を「単位植物栽培装置1」と称し、後者を「総合植物栽培装置100」と称する。
ケース5は、円弧形状の屋根部6と、底面部10と、これらを繋ぐ縦壁状の側面部7,8を有している。ケース5は、3m前後の長さを有している。ケース5の幅は、1m程度である。ケース5の両端は開放されている。一方の開口を導入開口50と称し、他方を排出側開口51と称する。
図9に示すように屋根部6の峰の部分には管36が設けられている。管36には小孔が複数設けられている。屋根部6の軒の部分には冷却水回収用樋37が形成されている。
ケース5は、有色の樹脂または金属で作られており、点検窓11以外の部分は不透明である。
ケース5の内面には、反射性の塗料が塗布されている。そのためケース5の内面は、太陽光を基準として40パーセント以上の反射率を有している。またケース5の内面は、60パーセント以上の反射率を有することが望ましく、さらに80パーセント以上の反射率を有することが推奨される。
トレイ設置台12は、上に後記する栽培トレイ38を載せた状態で、栽培トレイ38を滑り動かすことができる。
即ちトレイ設置台12は、図6、図8の様に平板の両端をそれぞれ「コ」の字状に折り曲げたものであり、平板状のベース部12aと、ベース部12aの両端から垂直に立ち上げられた脚部12bと、脚部12bから水平に張り出した載置部14を有している。
また載置部14には、固定側係合突出部18が設けられている。固定側係合突出部18は、一端が図示しないヒンジによってトレイ設置台12の載置部14に揺動可能に固定され他端側が載置部14から外側に突出する様に付勢されている。固定側係合突出部18には、開度を規制する図示しないストッパーがある。そのため固定側係合突出部18は、ヒンジを中心として載置部14を構成する面と片持ち状に傾斜突出した固定側係合突出部18の成す角が30度から60度程度の開度を限界として開き、それ以上には開かない。即ち固定側係合突出部18は他端側がトレイ設置台12の載置部14から突出した状態で傾斜姿勢となっている。固定側係合突出部18は、垂直方向に外力を受けると、載置部14内に沈み、外力が無くなると、再び他端側が載置部14から外側に突出する。固定側係合突出部18は、逆止機能を有する突起である。
前記した様に、押圧部材22は、索状体23によって連結されているが、搬送装置15の両端の索状体23の端部には、係合リング27が設けられている。
供給側配管31は、一本の主管33と、主管33から分岐された複数の枝管35によって構成されている。
回収側配管32は、培養液回収用樋46を有している。
容器部40は水が漏らない構造であって上面が開放されたトレーである。容器部40の開口部近傍は、面積がやや大きく作られている。
容器部40の底は、図10の様に凹凸形状が設けられている。即ち容器部40の底には、凸状部42と凹溝部43が平行且つ交互に設けられている。凹溝部43の縦壁部分は、後記する様に係合部45として機能する。
苗保持板41は、複数の開口が設けられた板である。
トレイ設置台12及び搬送装置15は、ケース5内の底の位置に配置されている。また前記した様に、2列の押圧部材連結体20はトレイ設置台12の内側部分にある。
トレイ設置台12は、ケース5内の長手方向に対して交差する方向に僅かに傾斜している。
即ちトレイ設置台12の2列に延びる載置部14は、横方向に僅かに傾斜しており、奥側側面部8よりも通路側側面部7の方が低い。
そのため図9の様にトレイ設置台12に栽培トレイ38を設置すると、栽培トレイ38は横方向に僅かに傾斜する。
また給排水設備17の枝管35は、トレイ設置台12の上に開口している。
給排水設備17の培養液回収用樋46は、通路側側面部7の近傍であって高さ方向には低い位置に取り付けられている。
単位植物栽培装置1は、複数の育苗ユニット2を直列に接続して構成されたものである。複数の育苗ユニット2は同じ形状、構造であり、一方の育苗ユニット2のケース5の排出側開口51に、育苗ユニット2のケース5の導入開口50が接続されている。
実際には、育苗ユニット2のケース5同士を隙間を開けた状態で対向させ、両者の間に接続部材55を装着してケース5同士を接続する。接続部材55は、図4、図5の様にベルトであり、図4、図12の様に幼苗用架台103a及び成苗用架台103bの柱107に一端が固定されている。接続部材55の幅はケース5よりも短い。具体的には30cmから80cm程度である。
接続部材55はベルト状であり、ケース5同士の隙間部分に巻き付けられる。
そして図8の様に隣接する育苗ユニット2の間で、配線や配管等が接続される。
具体的には、給排水設備17の供給側配管31の主管33同士が接続される。屋根部6の冷却水回収用樋37が育苗ユニット2の間で接続される(図示せず)。照明装置16の給電線が育苗ユニット2の間で接続される(図示せず)。
各ケース5内の給排水設備17は、図示しないカプラ等で接続され、一連の給排水ラインが構築されている。即ち供給側配管31の主管33は、その両端が隣接する育苗ユニット2の主管33と接続され、一連の給水ラインが構築されている。
同様に、培養液回収用樋46についても、その両端が隣接する育苗ユニット2の培養液回収用樋46と接続され、一連の排水ラインが構築されている。
(1)培養液の供給路の接続部及び/又は合流部
(2)培養液を供給する主配管から枝配管を分岐する分岐部
(3)培養液の排出路の接続部及び/又は合流部
(4)照明の電気配線の接続部及び/又は合流部
(5)照明の電気配線の主線から各照明に至る分岐部
(6)空調用ダクトの接続部及び/又は合流部
(7)空調用ダクトの分岐部
(8)二酸化炭素配管の接続部及び/又は合流部
(9)二酸化炭素配管の分岐部
(10)バルブ
(11)配分盤
(12)ヒューズ
一連に繋がれた押圧部材連結体20の両端はロール30a,30bに巻き付けられている。
その結果、ケース5内の搬送装置15が接続され、複数のケース5内の搬送装置15が図11の様に一連の搬送手段19を構成する。
ロール30a,30bは図示しないモータによって正逆両方向に回転することができる。ロール30a,30bを回転することにより、押圧部材連結体20が移動し、ケース5内で押圧部材22が直線移動する。
複数の育苗ユニット2のケース5が接続部材55で連結された結果、その内部に一連の筒状空間60が形成される。単位植物栽培装置1の両端には何らかの扉や蓋が設置される。そのため筒状空間60はほぼ閉塞空間となるが、筒状空間の密閉度はさほど高くはない。
栽培トレイ38は、トレイ設置台12に載置されるが、前記した給排水設備17の枝管35は、栽培トレイ38の上に開口する。そのため枝管35から培養液を排出すると、排出された培養液は全て栽培トレイ38の中に入る。
冷却水供給ラインは、各ケース5内に設置された照明装置16によって筒状空間60の内の温度が過度に上昇することを防ぐものであり、管36に設けられた孔から水を放出し、ケース5の屋根部6を冷却する。放出された水は、円弧状の屋根部6を流れ、冷却水回収用樋37に回収される。
単位植物栽培装置1では、一連の筒状空間60の一端側(上流側端部)から栽培トレイ38を挿入する。なお栽培トレイ38には予めレタス等の植物の苗が植えつけられている。本実施形態では、一つの育苗ユニット2のトレイ設置台12に4台の栽培トレイ38が設置される。一つの育苗ユニット2に入れる栽培トレイ38の数は任意であるが、2個から6個程度であることが推奨される。
そして給排水設備17の供給側配管31によって栽培トレイ38に培養液が供給され、オーバーフローした培養液は、培養液回収用樋46に回収される。従って栽培トレイ38内は、常に培養液で満たされる。
また照明装置16によって苗の成長に要する光が供給される。本実施形態では、ケース5の内面には、反射性の塗料が塗布されているから、ケース5の内壁に当たった光も反射して苗に当たる。
さらに図示しない空調設備等によって、筒状空間60内の温度、湿度及び二酸化炭素濃度が調節される。
なお外気の侵入を防いで筒状空間60内の環境を維持する目的と、筒状空間60内に埃等が侵入することを防ぐ目的から、筒状空間60は大気に比べてやや正圧に保っておくことが望ましい。
栽培トレイ38は、前記した様にトレイ設置台12に載置されており、トレイ設置台12の載置部14上を滑り動くことができる。
またトレイ設置台12の載置部14の内側には、搬送装置15の2列の押圧部材連結体20があり、栽培トレイ38の辺部は、図7の様に押圧部材連結体20の上に被さっている。
この状態で、ロール30a,30bを回転させて搬送装置15の押圧部材連結体20を図11(a)の矢印の方向に動作させる。即ち搬送装置15の押圧部材22が、ケース5内で導入開口50側から排出側開口51側に移動する様に図示しないモータを回転する。
そのため、搬送装置15の押圧部材22を、導入開口50側から排出側開口51側に移動させると、移動側係合突出部21の突端部が凹溝部43の縦壁部分(係合部45)と係合し、図11(b)の様に栽培トレイ38を、導入開口50側から排出側開口51側に押し動かす。
その結果、各育苗ユニット2内において、各栽培トレイ38が下流側に向かって移動する。そして各育苗ユニット2の最も下流側に位置する栽培トレイ38が隣接する育苗ユニット2に入る。
即ち栽培トレイ38は当初の育苗ユニット2のトレイ設置台12から下流側に隣接した育苗ユニット2のトレイ設置台12に乗り移り、育苗ユニット2を跨いで移動する。即ち本実施形態では、各ケース5内の搬送装置15が結合された一連の搬送手段19を構成し、搬送手段19によって育苗ユニット2が育苗ユニット2を跨いで下流側に移動する。
本実施形態では、各育苗ユニット2内の栽培トレイ38を一連の搬送手段19によって順次先の育苗ユニット2に送り出す。育苗ユニット2には上流側から新たな栽培トレイ38が搬入される。
その際に、搬送装置15の移動側係合突出部21が、栽培トレイ38の底と衝突するが、移動側係合突出部21は、傾斜姿勢であって傾斜の下側から栽培トレイ38と当接する。移動側係合突出部21の傾斜面が栽培トレイ38と当接するから、傾斜の垂直方向分力によって移動側係合突出部21が下方向に押し下げられる。ここで、移動側係合突出部21は、本体部分から外側に突出する様に付勢されているが、垂直方向に外力を受けると、押圧部材22の本体部24に沈む。
そのため図11(c)(d)の様に移動側係合突出部21は、栽培トレイ38の凸部の下を通過し、新たな栽培トレイ38と移動側係合突出部21は、図11(a)の関係に戻る。
即ち、単位植物栽培装置1の始端に位置する育苗ユニット2に苗を植えつけた栽培トレイ38を挿入し、照明装置16を点灯して苗の葉に光を当て、苗の根から栽培トレイ38の培養液を吸収させて苗を育てる。そして搬送装置15を駆動し、栽培トレイ38を筒状空間60内でゆっくりと移動させる。そして栽培トレイ38が一つの単位植物栽培装置1の終端、あるいは複数の単位植物栽培装置1を通過して終端に至った際には、苗は食用に供される程度に成長しており、栽培トレイ38から収穫されて出荷される。
総合植物栽培装置100は、24条の単位植物栽培装置1と、トレイ搬入装置101と、トレイ入替え装置102と、トレイ搬出装置112と、開閉部材118及びトレイ搬送コンベア140を有している。また空調設備122と二酸化炭素供給設備123を備えている。
24条の単位植物栽培装置1の内訳は、幼苗用育苗ユニット2aで構成される16条の幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aと、成苗用育苗ユニット2bで構成される8条の成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bである。
幼苗用単位植物栽培装置群105は、16条の幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aを幼苗用架台103aに2列8段に並べたものであり、成苗用単位植物栽培装置群106は、8条の成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bを成苗用架台103bに2列4段に並べたものである。
トレイ搬送コンベア140は、幼苗用単位植物栽培装置群105及び成苗用単位植物栽培装置群106の上にある。空調設備122と二酸化炭素供給設備123は幼苗用単位植物栽培装置群105及び成苗用単位植物栽培装置群106の下にある。
また給電ケーブル、培養液の流路を構成する外部配管、二酸化炭素の配管、空調用ダクト、信号線等についても幼苗用単位植物栽培装置群105及び成苗用単位植物栽培装置群106の下にある。
(1)給電ケーブル
(2)培養液の流路
(3)二酸化炭素の配管
(4)空調用ダクト
(5)信号線
そのため幼苗用架台103a及び成苗用架台103bは、段数と各段の高さが異なるだけであり、他の構造は同一である。
従って両者を代表して成苗用架台103bについて説明する。
各柱107は複数の高さの位置で連結されている。各柱107はいずれも自立するものである。保持部材108は、柱107に取り付けられており、図12の様に柱107を中心として4エリアの底支持部110a,b,c,dを有している。各底支持部110a,b,c,dは水平である。
成苗用架台103bでは、成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bを2列4段に設置するために、保持部材108が4段に取り付けられている。
各柱107の保持部材108の間隔は、成苗用育苗ユニット2bの高さよりもやや高い。
また各柱107の間隔は、成苗用育苗ユニット2bの長さに等しい。各柱107の保持部材108が取り付けられた各段には、接続部材55が設けられている。
昇降装置115は、図示しないモータによって回転するローラ141に昇降ワイヤー116が巻き付けられたものである。
昇降ワイヤー116には、フォーク部材142が吊り下げられている。フォーク部材142は、側面形状が略「L」型であり、フォークリフトの爪の如く、複数の水平板143が片持ち状に張り出したフォーク部145を有している。
そして延長部144の先端に昇降ワイヤー116が取り付けられている。
昇降ワイヤー116は、フォーク部145が水平姿勢を保つことができる位置に取り付けられている。
巻き取りローラ146a,146bは、ローラ本体にモータが内蔵されたものであり、内部のモータを回転することにより、巻き取りローラ146a,146bが回転する。その結果シート147が移動して開口148の位置が変わる。
そしてユニット設置空間に載置された状態で、隣接する成苗用育苗ユニット2bはケース5同士が隙間を開けて対向され、当該対向部分に接続部材55が装着されている。
即ち成苗用育苗ユニット2bを一つずつフォーク部材142のフォーク部145に載せ、昇降装置115を昇降させると共に昇降装置115をレール111a,111bに沿って走行させ、成苗用育苗ユニット2bを設置すべきユニット設置空間の前に移動させる。このとき、フォーク部145の高さは、柱107に取り付けられた保持部材108よりも高い。
そしてフォーク部材142を押して昇降ワイヤー116を傾斜姿勢とし、フォーク部145を保持部材108の間に入れる。その後、昇降装置115を動作させてフォーク部材142を降下させ、成苗用育苗ユニット2bをフォーク部145から保持部材108に載せ変える。
トレイ搬入装置101、トレイ入替え装置102及びトレイ搬出装置112は、いずれも図示しない昇降チェーン等で昇降台125,126,127を昇降するものである。
昇降台125,126,127にはそれぞれローラコンベア装置130,131,132が搭載されており、動力によって昇降台125,126,127上の栽培トレイ38を搬入及び排出することができる。
また開閉部材118のシート147の開口148を単位植物栽培装置1の端部の位置に合わせることによって単位植物栽培装置1の端部を開放することができる。
即ち本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置100では、図示しない作業エリアで、栽培トレイ38に幼苗を植えつける。
そしてこの状態の栽培トレイ38をトレイ搬入装置101の昇降台125に載せる。本実施形態では、昇降台125にはローラコンベア装置130が搭載されているから、ローラコンベア装置130を起動することによって、外部から栽培トレイ38を昇降台125に引き入れることができる。
いずれの幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aに栽培トレイ38を挿入するかは予めプログラムされており、トレイ搬入装置101の昇降台125に栽培トレイ38を載置した後の一連の動作は、自動的に実行される。
即ち、昇降台125は自動的に上昇して所定の位置に停止し、シート147が移動して幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aの端部が開き、ローラコンベア装置130を起動し、栽培トレイ38を幼苗用育苗ユニット2aに導入し、その後に幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aの端部を閉じる。
即ち幼苗用育苗ユニット2a内の照明装置16を点灯して苗の葉に光を当て、苗の根から栽培トレイ38の培養液を吸収させて苗を育てる。そして搬送装置15を駆動し、トレイ38を筒状空間60内でゆっくりと上流側から下流側に向かって移動させる。即ちトレイ38は、幼苗用育苗ユニット2aを跨いで下流側に順次移動する。そして栽培トレイ38が幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aの終端に至った際には、苗はケース5の天井近くまで成長している。
即ち幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aの終端の幼苗用育苗ユニット2aの排出側開口51には開閉部材118が設けられており、当該開閉部材118の開口148の位置が移動して幼苗用単位植物栽培装置1aの終端を開いて栽培トレイ38が幼苗用育苗ユニット2aから排出され、トレイ入替え装置102の昇降台126に載置される。
さらにその後、成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bの始端部の成苗用育苗ユニット2bの導入開口50に設けられた開閉部材118によって成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bの始端部が自動的に開き、昇降台126のローラコンベア装置131が起動して栽培トレイ38を成苗用育苗ユニット2bに導入し、その後に成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bの始端部が自動的に閉じる。
この一連の動作についても自動的に実行される。
即ち成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bの終端の成苗用育苗ユニット2bの排出側開口51には開閉部材118が設けられており、当該開閉部材118が自動的に動作して成苗用単位植物栽培装置1bの終端を開く。そして栽培トレイ38が成苗用育苗ユニット2bから排出され、トレイ搬出装置112の昇降台127に載置され、昇降台127を降下した後ローラコンベア装置132によって総合植物栽培装置100から排出される。
また単位植物栽培装置1内に害虫が侵入した場合は、一条の単位植物栽培装置1の運転を停止させて害虫駆除を行うことができ、被害が広がらない。
また本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置100では、清浄に保つべき空間が、筒状空間60に限定されるから、従来の植物工場の様な厳格な害虫侵入防止措置を講じたり、大がかりな清浄装置を設置する必要はない。
そのため廃工場や倉庫に本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置100を設置して作物を生産することもできる。
また本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置100は、植物を育成させる空間が筒状空間60に限定されているから、異なる植物を一つの総合植物栽培装置100で育成することもできる。
また総合植物栽培装置100を移転させる際も同様であり、育苗ユニット2を取り外して搬送し、同様に、架台103も取り外して搬送し、新たな設置場所で総合植物栽培装置100を再構築することができる。
そのため、総合植物栽培装置100を製造するのに要する工事期間や移築期間が短い。そのため遊休工場等に一時的に総合植物栽培装置100を設置し、例えばワンシーズンだけ植物を製造することもできる。
総合植物栽培装置100をリースして遊休地を有効利用するビジネスモデルも考えられる。
またハンドルを差し込み、当該ハンドルを回転させて搬送装置15を駆動するものであってもよい。
図15、図16に示す搬送装置154は、2列の環状体152と両者を駆動する駆動機構を備えている。
環状体152は、ベルト又はチェーンである。環状体152は、複数の移動側係合突出部21を有している。
2列の環状体152は、一定の距離をおいて平行に配置され、二つの駆動側回転体153同士の間に駆動シャフト156が挿通され、二つの従動側回転体155の間に連動シャフト(図示せず)が挿通されている。
駆動シャフト156には図示しないモータが係合しており、駆動シャフト156を正逆両方向に回転させることができる。従って、二つの環状体152は、正逆両方向に回転可能である。
例えば図17、図18の様に、2連回転体160a,160bを使用する。そして2連回転体160a,160bの各一方の回転体に環状体152を懸架する。そして育苗ユニット150の2連回転体160aと、他の育苗ユニット150の2連回転体160bとの間をベルトやチェーン等の動力伝達部材161で繋ぐ。
図17、図18に示した実施形態は、隣接するケース5に内蔵された移動機構の間で動力を伝達する動力伝達部材161がある構成である。
以上説明した実施形態では、育苗ユニット2の搬入から搬出までの一連の動作を全て自動制御で行うこととしたが、いくつかの工程または全ての工程を手動で実施してもよい。
この場合のレイアウトは、図19の様であり、幼苗用単位植物栽培装置群105、トレイ入替え装置102、成苗用単位植物栽培装置群106、トレイ搬出装置112及びトレイ搬送コンベア140が地下に設置されている。
そしてトレイ搬入装置101の搬入口135が地上に設けられている。
図19のレイアウトでは、地上で栽培トレイ38に苗を植えて、トレイ搬入装置101で栽培トレイ38を地下に下ろし、単位植物栽培装置1に栽培トレイ38を搬入して苗を成長させる。
即ちトレイ入替え装置102として栽培トレイ38の進行方向を変換可能なものを使用し、進行方向を変えて下流側の単位植物栽培装置1に栽培トレイ38を搬入する。
即ち高さ等の構造や、温度設定、湿度設定、照度、培養液の種類等の筒状空間60内の環境が異なる複数の単位植物栽培装置があり、栽培トレイを一つの単位植物栽培装置から他の単位植物栽培装置に載せ変えるトレイ入替え装置を有するものであってもよい。
即ち底支持部110上でケース5を滑らせ、ケース5を筒状空間60の軸方向から交差する方向に移動させることによって育苗ユニット2をユニット設置空間に設置してもよい。
上記した実施形態では、筒状空間60の気圧を正圧に保つこととしたが、筒状空間60の圧力は大気圧と同じであってもよい。
図22は、本発明の他の実施形態の総合植物栽培装置200を示す。
総合植物栽培装置200は、独立した2系統の総合植物栽培装置201a,201bが通路を挟んで対向して配されたものである。
2系統の総合植物栽培装置201a,201bの構造及び機能は同一である。
総合植物栽培装置200は、いずれも5条の単位植物栽培装置1と、導入・排出側昇降装置202と、リターン用昇降装置203と、トレイ搬送コンベア140と、空調装置205及び培養液供給装置206によって構成されている。
なお総合植物栽培装置200では、図29,図30に示す様な栽培トレイ90を使用する。
さらに育苗ユニット3は、ケース5内に送風路形成部材65が内蔵されている。
育苗ユニット3は、両端が開放され周面を覆うことが可能なケース5を有している。
図25の様に屋根部6の外周面は、保湿部材240で覆われている。保湿部材240は、不織布等の布やマット等であり、屋根部6の外周面に水の層を薄く形成されるものである。
本実施形態においても、屋根部6の峰の部分には管36が設けられており、管36から放水して屋根部6を冷却することができる。特に本実施形態では、屋根部6の外周面に保湿部材240が設けられているから、屋根部6は常時湿った状態となり、気化熱を奪って屋根部6を冷却する。
従ってLED243が生じる熱は、直接的に屋根部6を構成する金属板に電熱され、外部に放熱される。
本実施形態では、LED243は、微小時間間隔で点滅する様に制御されている。即ち肉眼では、連続して発光している様に感じる程度の間隔で点滅する。
なお本実施形態では、反射板242の外側(栽培トレイ90側)にさらに透明樹脂246が設けられている。透明樹脂246は、反射板242の孔245の部分についても覆い、LED243側に水が侵入することを防いでいる。
具体的には、天面の頂点近傍においてはLED243の配置密度が天面の裾領域に比べて低い。
即ち本実施形態では、照明装置は円弧状に湾曲したケース5内にある。ここで図25(c)のA領域の様に、天面の頂点近傍にあるLED243は、真下に向いて光を照射する。そのため天面の頂点近傍にあるLED243は、栽培トレイ90の中央領域を照らすこととなる。
これに対して図25(c)のB領域の様に、裾の部分に設けられたLED243は斜め方向に光を照射する。そのため裾の部分に設けられたLED243は、栽培トレイ90の端から中央領域にかける領域を照らすこととなる。
そのため屋根部6の内面に発光素子を均一に分布させると、栽培トレイ90の中央領域の光量が辺部に比べて多くなる。そこで本実施形態では、天面の頂点近傍のLED243の単位面積当たりの個数を少なくしている。
また先の実施形態と同様に、載置部14には、固定側係合突出部67が設けられている。固定側係合突出部67は、全体がバネ鋼で作られている。固定側係合突出部67は、一端がトレイ設置台61の載置部14に固定され他端側が載置部14から外側に突出する。固定側係合突出部67は他端側がトレイ設置台61の載置部14から突出した状態で傾斜姿勢となっている。固定側係合突出部67は、垂直方向に外力を受けると、載置部14内に沈み、外力が無くなると、再び他端側が載置部14から外側に突出する。
直線移動部材62には移動側係合突出部(対トレイ係合部)68が設けられている。移動側係合突出部68は、前記した固定側係合突出部67と同等の構造及び機能を有するものである。
各育苗ユニット3は直列に並べられ、前後に並んだ育苗ユニット3の直線移動部材62は図示しない結合金具で接続されている。
供給側配管31は、一本の主管33と、主管33から分岐された複数の枝管35によって構成されている。
枝管35は樹脂又はゴム製のチューブである。枝管35にはチューブの一部を偏平に押しつけ、枝管35の有効開度を調節する絞り部材76が取り付けられている。本実施形態では、絞り部材76によって枝管35の有効開度を増減し、培養液の供給量を調節することができる。
前記した様に 総合植物栽培装置200は、独立した2系統の総合植物栽培装置201a,201bが通路を挟んで対向して配されたものであるから、総合植物栽培装置201aに属する育苗ユニット3と、総合植物栽培装置201bに属する育苗ユニット3の培養液回収用樋46及び供給側配管31は、勝手違いの位置関係となる。即ち左右の位置が逆転している。
風量調整手段81は、本管80よりもやや太い径の樹脂管を短く切り、且つ軸方向にスリット82を形成したものである。風量調整手段81の断面形状は「C」状である。
風量調整手段81は、本管80の送風口84に装着されている。即ち風量調整手段81は、本管80の周囲を取り巻く状態で本管80に装着されている。
風量調整手段81は、本管80に対して回転可能であり、送風口84の開度を調節することができる。即ち図28(a)の様にスリット82を送風口84の位置に合わせることによって送風口84の実質的開口面積を100パーセントとすることができる。また図28(c)の様にスリット82を送風口84の反対側に回すと、送風口84を閉鎖することができる。図28(b)の様にスリット82の一部を送風口84と合致させることにより、送風口84の実質的開口面積を絞ることができる。
容器部40は水が漏らない構造であって上面が開放されたトレーである。容器部40の開口部近傍は、面積がやや大きく作られている。
本実施形態では、容器部40にはオーバーフロー管部91a,91bが設けられている。オーバーフロー管部91a,91bは、容器部40の一つの辺に寄った位置に設けられている。
即ち容器部40の平面形状は長方形であり、対向する長辺92a,92bと、短辺93a,93bを有している。長辺92a,92bと、短辺93a,93bで囲まれた領域が液溜め部となる。
オーバーフロー管部91a,91bは、容器部40の底であって、短辺93aに寄った位置に設けられている。
オーバーフロー管部91a,91bは、上下に貫通する管状の部位であり、先端側は容器部40の底から立ち上がった位置にある。オーバーフロー管部91a,91bは余剰の培養液を排出する排出口として機能する。
流路形成壁95a,95b,95cは、いずれも容器部40の長辺92a,92bと平行にのびるものであり、容器部40の短辺93a,93bに対しては互い違いに接している。
流路形成壁95cは、オーバーフロー管部91a,91bに近接する側の短辺93aを始端として長辺92aと平行にのび、他方の短辺93bの近傍に至っている。流路形成壁95cの先端は他方の短辺93bまでは至っておらず、流路形成壁95cの先端と容器部40の他方の短辺93bとの間には空隙96cがある。
即ち中央部の空隙96bと、オーバーフロー管部91aとの間は、往き側流路97a、空隙96a、及び戻り側流路97bによって形成される一連の流路で繋がっている。
即ち中央部の空隙96bと、オーバーフロー管部91bとの間は、往き側流路97c、空隙96c、及び戻り側流路97dによって形成される一連の流路で繋がっている。
本実施形態では、培養液が供給される箇所からオーバーフロー管部91a,91bまでの流路は直線状にのびる流路形成壁95a,b,cで構成される直線を基調とした流路であるが、流路形成壁を曲線的にのばし、流路を曲線流路としてもよい。
導入・排出側昇降装置202は、チェーンやワイヤー等でつり下げられて昇降する昇降台125を有しており、当該昇降台にコンベア装置180、搬送手段駆動装置181、培養トレイ傾斜手段182及び樋183が設けられてものである。
ベルト走行部材185a,185bは、モータ内蔵ローラ195の両端部に設けられたプーリ部材193を駆動源とし、ベルト186が係合してベルト186の走行を変える複数の従動プーリ188a,b.c,dと、培養トレイの荷重を支持する複数のコロ190を有している。
即ち従動プーリ及びコロはプーリ支持板191に片持ち状に支持されている。そしてベルト186が、プーリ部材193と従動プーリ188a,b.c,dに掛け渡されている。
コンベア装置180は、モータ内蔵ローラ195を駆動することによって平行に配された二本のベルト186が走行する。
前後方向駆動装置は、モータ内蔵ローラ210の両端に設けられた駆動側プーリ部材211と、空転ローラ212の両端に設けられた従動側プーリ部材213の間にベルト215が掛け渡されたものである。なおベルト215は歯付きベルトであり、駆動側プーリ部材211及び従動側プーリ部材213は歯付きプーリである。
搬送手段駆動装置181は、前記した前後方向駆動装置のベルト215に、駆動側係合部材216が取り付けられたものである。駆動側係合部材216は、略「T」字状の部材であり、長尺の延長棒部217と延長棒部217の先端にあって延長棒部217と交差する方向にのびる駆動側係合部218によって構成されている。
延長棒部217は帯状の鋼材の幅方向を縦姿勢とし、長手方向を水平方向に向けて使用されている。そして延長棒部217の先端には駆動側係合部218が一体に設けられている。
本実施形態の、搬送手段駆動装置181は、駆動側係合部材216が前後方向駆動装置のベルト215に固定されており、モータ内蔵ローラ210を駆動することによって駆動側係合部材216が前後方向に直線移動する。
駆動側係合部材216は図示しないガイドと係合しており、直線的移動する様に案内されている。
搬送手段駆動装置181は、昇降台125に設けられているから、昇降台125を昇降することによって天地方向にも移動する。
具体的には培養トレイ傾斜手段182は、傾斜用係合部材220と、傾斜用係合部材を直線移動させる駆動機構221及び傾斜用係合部材220を直線方向に移動すべくガイドするガイド部材(図示せず)によって構成されている。
傾斜用係合部材220は、長尺の部材であり、下面にラック222が形成されている。そして当該ラック222にピニオン223が係合している。ピニオン223はギャードモータ225によって駆動される。
そのためギャードモータ225を駆動してピニオン223を回転させると、ピニオン223と係合するラック222が直線移動し、傾斜用係合部材220が前後方向に直線移動する。
培養トレイ傾斜手段182は、昇降台125に設けられているから、昇降台125を昇降することによって天地方向にも移動する。
前記した様に昇降台125には、コンベア装置180、搬送手段駆動装置181、培養トレイ傾斜手段182及び樋183が設置されている。
各部材の位置関係は、図31の様であり、昇降台125の幅方向の一方側に樋183が設けられている。図31では昇降台125の左端に樋183があり、当該樋183は、単位植物栽培装置1側に向かって直線状にのびている。
そして樋183と培養トレイ傾斜手段182に挟まれた領域にコンベア装置180と搬送手段駆動装置181がある。
より具体的には、樋183と培養トレイ傾斜手段182に挟まれた内側にコンベア装置180があり、さらにその内側に搬送手段駆動装置181がある。
即ちコンベア装置180は前記した様に一定の間隔を設けて配置された一対のベルト走行部材185a,185bによって構成されており、当該ベルト走行部材185a,185bの一方が樋183の横にあり、他方が培養トレイ傾斜手段182の横にある。
トレイ搬送コンベア140は、導入・排出側昇降装置202の昇降台125を最上階に上げた際に導入・排出側昇降装置202のコンベア装置180と一列に繋がり、導入・排出側昇降装置202から排出された栽培トレイ90を載置してリターン用昇降装置203側に移動させることができるものである。
またリターン用昇降装置203の昇降台127を最上階に上げた際にリターン用昇降装置203のコンベア装置180とトレイ搬送コンベア140が一列に繋がり、トレイ搬送コンベア140からリターン用昇降装置203に栽培トレイ90を受け渡すことができる。
そしてトレイ搬送コンベア140の末端部がダクト226を介して空調装置205の吸気側に接続されている。
また空調装置205の排気側はダクト等によって各単位植物栽培装置1の筒状空間60内の送風路形成部材65の本管80に接続されている。
即ち栽培トレイ90は導入・排出側昇降装置202に搬入される。具体的には導入・排出側昇降装置202の昇降台125を最下部まで下ろす。そして図示しない搬送装置で栽培トレイ90を運び、栽培トレイ90を昇降台125に載せる。このとき、コンベア装置180を駆動して栽培トレイ90を昇降台125側に引き入れる。
そしてトレイ搬送コンベア140を駆動して栽培トレイ90をリターン用昇降装置203の昇降台127に受け渡す。
その後、リターン用昇降装置203の昇降台127を所望の階まで下ろし、所望の階の単位植物栽培装置1に栽培トレイ90を搬入する。
そして単位植物栽培装置1内で植物を育成しつつ栽培トレイ90を下流側に移動させる。栽培トレイ90が単位植物栽培装置1の末端に至ると栽培トレイ90を導入・排出側昇降装置202の昇降台125に移動させる。そして昇降台125を最下階まで降下し、コンベア装置180を駆動して栽培トレイ90を昇降台125から排出する。
本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置200では、単位植物栽培装置1の末端に至った栽培トレイ90を導入・排出側昇降装置202の昇降台125に取り出す際、末端の育苗ユニット3内で栽培トレイ90を培養液回収用樋46側に傾斜し、育苗ユニット3内の培養液を排水する。
以下、図33を参照しつつ説明する。
単位植物栽培装置1の末端に至った栽培トレイ90を導入・排出側昇降装置202の昇降台125に導入する際には、図33(a)の様に昇降台125を移動して昇降台125の高さを該当する単位植物栽培装置1の高さに合わせる。
なお本実施形態では、昇降台125に傾斜用係合部材220があるが、傾斜用係合部材220は昇降台125の領域内に引き込んでおり、栽培トレイ90とは係合し得ない位置にあるから、昇降台125を昇降させても育苗ユニット3や栽培トレイ90に傾斜用係合部材220が衝突することはない。
搬送手段駆動装置181についても同様であり、駆動側係合部材216は昇降台125の領域内に引き込んでおり、昇降台125を昇降させても育苗ユニット3や栽培トレイ90に駆動側係合部材216が衝突することはない。
傾斜用係合部材220は、図33(b)の様に、培養液回収用樋46と対向する側であって栽培トレイ90の下にもぐり込む。
その結果、傾斜用係合部材220は栽培トレイ90と係合し得ない位置から栽培トレイ90と係合し得る位置に移動することとなる。
そのため栽培トレイ90は培養液回収用樋46側に傾斜し、内部の培養液が排水される。
排水が終了すると、図33(d)の様に、昇降台125を降下し、栽培トレイ90を元の姿勢に戻す。
続いて図33(e)の様に、続いてギャードモータ225を逆回転し、ピニオン223を回転させ、ピニオン223と係合するラック222を直線移動させて傾斜用係合部材220を後退させ、傾斜用係合部材220を育苗ユニット3内から昇降台125側に戻す。
以下、図34、図35、図36を参照しつつ説明する。
図34(a)は、傾斜用係合部材220を育苗ユニット3内から昇降台125側に戻した直後における昇降台125及び搬送手段駆動装置181と、末端の育苗ユニット3の関係を示している。
また図36(a)は、その際の駆動側係合部材216と、末端の育苗ユニット3の搬送手段側係合部70の関係を示している。
その結果、図34(b)、図36(b)の様に昇降台125と共に駆動側係合部材216が上昇する。
具体的には、モータ内蔵ローラ210を駆動してベルト215を走行させ、ベルト215に固定された駆動側係合部材216を単位植物栽培装置1側に移動させる。
ここで単位植物栽培装置1の末端の育苗ユニット3には、搬送手段側係合部70が設けられているが、先に昇降台125を上昇させたことにより、駆動側係合部材216の高さが育苗ユニット3側の搬送手段側係合部70よりも高くなっている(図36(b))。
そのため駆動側係合部材216を単位植物栽培装置1側に移動させても駆動側係合部材216が搬送手段側係合部70に衝突することはない(図36(c))。
そうして図34(b)、図36(c)の様に駆動側係合部材216の駆動側係合部218を搬送手段側係合部70の真上に位置まで至らしめる。
その結果、直線移動部材62の移動側係合突出部(駆動側係合部)68と係合して各育苗ユニット3内の栽培トレイ90が導入・排出側昇降装置202側に進み、図35(d)のように先端の栽培トレイ90が導入・排出側昇降装置202の昇降台125側に引き込まれる。
それ以後は、前記した工程と逆の工程を行う。具体的には、昇降台125を上昇させて駆動側係合部材216の先端部分(駆動側係合部218)を搬送手段側係合部70の開口73から抜き出し、さらに駆動側係合部材216を後退させて昇降台125側に戻す。
さらにその後、駆動側係合部材216を後退させて昇降台125側に戻す。
本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置200では、筒状空間60内の所望のエリアに風を発生させることができる。
即ち本実施形態の総合植物栽培装置200は、空調装置205を有し、空調装置205の排気側はダクト等によって各単位植物栽培装置1の筒状空間60内の送風路形成部材65の本管80に接続されている。
送風路形成部材65は、筒状空間60を軸方向に貫通して配されるが、中途部分に小型送風機85が設けられている。より具体的には、単位植物栽培装置1を構成する育苗ユニット3にそれぞれ一個ずつ小型送風機85が設けられている。
そして本管80には多数の送風口84が設けられている。即ち一つの育苗ユニット3の小型送風機85の吐出側から次の育苗ユニット3の小型送風機85の吸入側に至までの間に多数の送風口84が設けられている。
そのため空調装置205の吐出側の圧力が不足していても、中途の小型送風機85で増圧され、各送風口84から筒状空間60を内に風を送りだすことができる。
なお本実施形態では、手動によって送風口84の開度を調節するが、モータ弁等を使用して送風口84の開度を遠隔操作する方法も推奨される。
また送風口84に動力で駆動するルーバーを設け、定期的に送風方向を変更することも推奨される。
送風量の制御は、モータに供給される電流、モータの回転数、送風方向といった情報に基づいて行うことができる。
また送風路形成部材65を複数設け、その内の一本または複数本を吸引用に使用してもよい。例えば二酸化炭素濃度が高いエリアがあれば吸引用の送風路形成部材で当該領域の空気を吸引して置換してもよい。
例えば一つの小型送風機85の送風が弱く、その先の小型送風機85の吸引力が強い場合には、二つの小型送風機85の間に設けられた送風口84は負圧傾向となり、筒状空間60内の空気を吸引する。
そのため故意に送風口84を負圧傾向として筒状空間60内の空気を吸引し、風を起こしたり二酸化炭素等を拡散させてもよい。
送風路形成部材65の断面形状は任意である。
送風口84近傍のエリアを離れると、空気の流れが緩慢となり、筒状空間60全体に拡散されて筒状空間60の圧力が上昇する。
ここで筒状空間60は、導入・排出側昇降装置202に開口し、さらに導入・排出側昇降装置202とトレイ搬送コンベア140は連通していて一連の空気流路が形成されている。
そしてトレイ搬送コンベア140の末端部がダクト226を介して空調装置205の吸気側に接続されている。そのため空調装置205の吐出側を出た送風は、送風路形成部材65の送風口84から筒状空間60に入り、さらに導入・排出側昇降装置202とトレイ搬送コンベア140を経由して空調装置205に戻る。即ち空調装置205を含む一連の循環経路を空気が循環することとなる。
本実施形態では、総合植物栽培装置200の下部に培養液供給装置206がある。培養液供給装置206は図示しない培養液タンクとポンプを備えている。
また本実施形態では、総合植物栽培装置200の上部に補給用タンク(図示せず)が設けられており、補給用タンクと各育苗ユニット3に付属する小型ポンプ77が接続されている。
補給用タンク(図示せず)には、総合植物栽培装置200のポンプから培養液が供給され、常に一定水位の培養液が補給用タンクに貯留されている。
そして補給用タンクから重力落下によって小型ポンプ77に培養液が供給され、小型ポンプ77で加圧された培養液が供給側配管31の主管33に供給される。そして枝管35から各栽培トレイ90に培養液が供給される。
ここで本実施形態では、容器部40の底の中心からオーバーフロー管部91aにかけての領域に空隙(培養液が滴下される領域)96bからオーバーフロー管部91aに至る1本の流路が形成されている。
容器部40の底の中心からオーバーフロー管部91bにかけての領域についても同様であり、中央部の空隙96b(培養液が滴下される領域)からオーバーフロー管部91bに至る一本の流路が形成されている。
そのため空隙96bに供給された培養液は滞ることなく、オーバーフロー管部91a,91bに流れ、培養液回収用樋46に回収され、図示しない配管を経由して養液供給装置206に戻される。
またインターネットに接続し、遠く離れた場所から風や、培養液を調節してもよい。
例えば小型送風機85の回転数、送風口84の開度等は、遠隔操作可能であることが望ましい。例えば、インターネット等に接続し、遠く離れた場所から送風量等を調節できることが望ましい。インターネットを経由して送風量等を調節する場合には、総合植物栽培装置200の各部や内部の栽培トレイ90を監視するカメラを設けることが推奨される。
また植物の種類、季節、筒状空間60内における場所等に応じて、送風量の変化を予めプログラムしておき、そのプログラムに応じて送風量を変化させることも推奨される。例えば、植物がどの程度成長しているかは、筒状空間60のリターン用昇降装置203からの距離によって決まるから、特定のエリアだけを特定の時間だけ、特定風量の風を発生させる様にプログラムしておき、そのプログラムに従って送風量を変化させる。
また植物の種類、季節、筒状空間60内における場所等に応じて、培養液の供給量を予めプログラムしておき、そのプログラムに応じて小型ポンプ77の回転数等を変化させることも推奨される。例えば、特定のエリアだけを特定の時間だけ培養液を多く供給する様にプログラムしておき、そのプログラムに従って小型ポンプ77の回転数を変化させる。
この構成によると、一台の搬送手段駆動装置181で複数の単位植物栽培装置1の直線移動部材62を動作させることができ、部品点数が少なくて足る。
また動力部分が筒状空間60の外にあるのでメンテナンスが容易である。
なお、上記した実施形態では、昇降台125を昇降させることによって、駆動側係合部218と育苗ユニット3側の直線移動部材62との係合・離脱を行う構成を採用した。しかしながら本発明は、この構成に限定されるものではなく、駆動側係合部218にチャック等を設けることにより、直線移動部材62との係合・離脱を行わしめてもよい。
この構成によると、一台の搬送手段駆動装置181で複数の単位植物栽培装置1の栽培トレイ90を傾斜させることができ、部品点数が少なくて足る。
また動力部分が筒状空間60の外にあるのでメンテナンスが容易である。
なお、上記した実施形態では、昇降台125を昇降させることによって、栽培トレイ90の一端を持ち上げ、栽培トレイ90を傾斜させているが、昇降台125に別途シリンダーやカム等の昇降手段を搭載し、この昇降手段によって栽培トレイ90の一端を持ち上げてもよい。
これに対して発光部材の高さを変更することができる構成を採用することもできる。例えば苗が小さい場合には、一部又は全部の発光部材の高さを下げて苗に近づける。また苗に照射しにくい位置にある発光部材は消滅又は減光することが望ましい。
1a 幼苗用単位植物栽培装置
1b 成苗用単位植物栽培装置
2,3, 150 育苗ユニット
2a 幼苗用育苗ユニット
2b 成苗用育苗ユニット
5 ケース
11 点検窓
12 トレイ設置台
15,154 搬送装置
16 照明装置
17 給排水設備
19 搬送手段
20 押圧部材連結体
22 押圧部材
21 移動側係合突出部
28,161 動力伝達部材
36 管
37 冷却水回収用樋
38,90 栽培トレイ
55,170 接続部材
60 筒状空間
62 直線移動部材
65 送風路形成部材
70 搬送手段側係合部
81 風量調整手段
84 送風口
85 小型送風機
91a,91b オーバーフロー管部
100 総合植物栽培装置
101 トレイ搬入装置
102 トレイ入替え装置
103a 幼苗用架台
103b 成苗用架台
108 保持部材
110a,b,c,d 底支持部
112 トレイ搬出装置
118 開閉部材
125 昇降台
181 搬送手段駆動装置
182 培養トレイ傾斜手段
216 駆動側係合部材
220 傾斜用係合部材
243 LED
Claims (24)
- 植物の苗又は種が植えられた複数の栽培トレイと、植物に光を当てるための照明装置と、栽培トレイを上流側から下流側に向かって順次移動させる搬送手段を有し、栽培トレイ上で植物を成長させつつ搬送手段で栽培トレイを下流側に移動させる植物栽培装置において、
複数の育苗ユニットを有し、前記育苗ユニットは両端が開放され周面を覆うことが可能なケースを有し、
複数の育苗ユニットのケースが連結されて一連の筒状空間が形成され、
前記栽培トレイは、前記ケースで形成される一連の筒状空間に置かれ、前記栽培トレイは搬送手段によってケースを跨いで下流側に移動することを特徴とする植物栽培装置。 - 育苗ユニットのケースは直線的であって且つ間隔を開けて配置され、隣接する育苗ユニットのケース同士の間に接続部材があり、隣接するケースは接続部材を介して閉塞性が保持されて一連の筒状空間が構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の植物栽培装置。
- 育苗ユニットのケース内に、栽培トレイを載置する載置台と、栽培トレイを下流側に押す押圧部材が内蔵されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の植物栽培装置。
- 筒状空間内の気圧が大気に比べて正圧に保たれていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。
- 送風して筒状空間内の空気を動かす送風手段を有し、前記送風手段は、エリアごとに送風量を異ならせる送風量調整手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。
- 送風手段は、筒状空間内に挿通された送風路形成部材を有し、送風路形成部材は複数の送風口を有し、当該送風口から筒状空間内に送風されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の植物栽培装置。
- 送風口を開閉あるいは開度調整する風量調整手段を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の植物栽培装置。
- 送風路形成部材内に複数の送風機が間隔を開けて直列的に内蔵され、上流側の送風機の送風側と下流側の送風機の吸入側の間に送風口があることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の植物栽培装置。
- 栽培トレイに培養液を供給する培養液供給手段を有し、
培養液供給手段は、栽培トレイに供給する培養液の量を調整する液量調整手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。 - 液量調整手段は補助ポンプを有し、複数の育苗ユニットに補助ポンプが付属していることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の植物栽培装置。
- 栽培トレイには培養液が溜められるものであり、
余剰の培養液を排出する排出口を有し、
栽培トレイに培養液を供給する培養液供給手段を有し、
前記培養液供給手段によって、培養トレイの一方の辺に寄った位置から培養トレイに培養液が供給され、
前記栽培トレイの前記排出口は培養液を供給される辺側に寄った位置にあることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。 - 栽培トレイには、培養液供給手段から培養液が供給され、培養トレイ内を巡って前記排出口に至る培養液流路が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。
- 栽培トレイには培養液が溜められるものであり、
栽培トレイを傾斜させて培養液を排出する培養トレイ傾斜手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。 - 栽培トレイは天面が円弧状に湾曲したケース内にあり、照明装置は前記天面にあって複数の発光素子によって構成され、
天面の頂点近傍においては発光素子の配置密度が天面の裾領域に比べて低いことを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。 - 照明装置は微小時間間隔で点滅するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至14のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置。
- 請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置が複数段及び/又は複数列に渡って設置されていることを特徴とする植物栽培システム。
- 請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置を複数有する植物栽培システムであって、
筒状空間の高さが低い幼苗用の植物栽培装置と、前記幼苗用の植物栽培装置よりも筒状空間の高さが高い成苗用の植物栽培装置を有することを特徴とする植物栽培システム。 - 請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置を複数有する植物栽培システムであって、
構造及び/又は筒状空間内の環境が異なる複数の植物栽培装置があり、栽培トレイを一つの植物栽培装置から他の植物栽培装置に載せ変えるトレイ入替え装置を有することを特徴とする植物栽培システム。 - 請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置が複数段に渡って設置され、栽培トレイを載置して昇降させる昇降装置を有することを特徴とする植物栽培システム。
- 請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置が複数段に渡って設置され、栽培トレイを載置して昇降させる昇降装置を有し、
植物栽培装置の搬送手段は直線移動する直線移動部材を有し、当該直線移動部材は対トレイ係合部を有し、対トレイ係合部を栽培トレイに係合させて栽培トレイを搬送するものであり、
昇降装置に植物栽培装置の搬送手段を駆動する搬送手段駆動装置があることを特徴とする植物栽培システム。 - 搬送手段には搬送手段側係合部があり、搬送手段駆動装置には前記搬送手段側係合部と係合する駆動側係合部があり、
搬送手段側係合部及び駆動側係合部は上下方向に相対移動することにより係合及び係合解除を行うことが可能であり、
前記昇降装置を昇降させて搬送手段側係合部及び駆動側係合部の係合及び係合解除を行うことを特徴とする請求項20に記載の植物栽培システム。 - 請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の植物栽培装置が複数段に渡って設置され、栽培トレイを載置して昇降させる昇降装置を有し、
栽培トレイは培養液が溜められるものであり、
昇降装置に栽培トレイを傾斜させて培養液を排出する培養トレイ傾斜手段を有することを特徴とする植物栽培システム。 - 培養トレイ傾斜手段は培養トレイと係合する傾斜用係合部を有し、
前記傾斜用係合部材を培養トレイに係合させた状態で昇降部材を上昇させ、培養トレイを傾斜させることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の植物栽培システム。 - 傾斜用係合部を培養トレイに向かって移動する移動手段を有し、傾斜用係合部は培養トレイと係合し得ない位置から培養トレイと係合し得る位置に移動することを特徴とする請求項23に記載の植物栽培システム。
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JP2021029173A (ja) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-01 | 伊東電機株式会社 | 植物栽培装置及び植物製造方法 |
EP3903573A1 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-11-03 | Artechno Holding BV | Bench for carrying trays on which crops to be grown are located |
US11877548B2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2024-01-23 | Cyclofields Indoor Farming | Closed loop vertical disengageable aeroponic growing system |
WO2022092030A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | 三菱ケミカルアクア・ソリューションズ株式会社 | 植物栽培装置及び方法 |
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JP6876891B2 (ja) | 2021-06-02 |
JP6865974B2 (ja) | 2021-04-28 |
EP3257367A4 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
JP2019141082A (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
KR20170117420A (ko) | 2017-10-23 |
CN107249308A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
JPWO2016129674A1 (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
WO2016129673A1 (ja) | 2016-08-18 |
EP3257367A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
JP2019115365A (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
US20180035624A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
JPWO2016129673A1 (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
JP6746056B2 (ja) | 2020-08-26 |
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