WO2015119159A1 - 重ね溶接方法、重ね継手、重ね継手の製造方法、および自動車用部品 - Google Patents
重ね溶接方法、重ね継手、重ね継手の製造方法、および自動車用部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015119159A1 WO2015119159A1 PCT/JP2015/053119 JP2015053119W WO2015119159A1 WO 2015119159 A1 WO2015119159 A1 WO 2015119159A1 JP 2015053119 W JP2015053119 W JP 2015053119W WO 2015119159 A1 WO2015119159 A1 WO 2015119159A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/22—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
- B62D27/023—Assembly of structural joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/02—Side panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lap welding method for a plurality of steel plates, a lap joint formed by the lap welding method, a manufacturing method thereof, and an automotive part having the lap weld joint.
- resistance spot welding is performed in order to superimpose the steel plate members according to the function and use environment. It has been widely performed to form a lap weld member of a plurality of steel plate members by forming a spot weld portion having a nugget.
- a high-strength steel plate and a steel plate are overlapped and a flange (overlapping portion) is resistance spot welded. .
- remote laser welding has been used in the assembly of automobile bodies in place of the conventional resistance spot welding.
- a galvanometer mirror is driven, and a predetermined three-dimensional area can be freely welded.
- the tact time of welding can be greatly reduced.
- remote laser welding does not generate a shunt of welding current to existing welds unlike resistance spot welding, so the pitch between welds can be shortened, and vehicle body rigidity is improved by multi-point welding. .
- remote laser welding is used as a substitute for resistance spot welding, it is usually a substantially circular laser weld, ie circular, oval, annular, oval, C-shaped, long C-shaped, A welding shape such as a multiple ring is used.
- the periphery of the laser weld is tempered, tempered martensite is generated, and the hardness is reduced.
- the hardness of the base material is about Hv460, but the hardness of the heat-affected zone (hereinafter referred to as “HAZ”) around the laser weld is locally It decreases to about Hv300 and the part softens. This locally softened portion is called a HAZ softened portion.
- Such a HAZ softened part may become a starting point of breakage of a steel plate constituting a vehicle body at the time of a vehicle collision.
- a crack may enter from the HAZ softened portion of the flange in a side collision test, and the center pillar may break.
- Such a rupture phenomenon starting from the HAZ softened part by laser welding occurs remarkably in a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength exceeding 1180 MPa. This is particularly noticeable in laser-welded portions of high-strength steel sheets having a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more formed with a quenching structure by a continuous annealing facility having a water cooling function, and high-strength steel sheets formed by hot stamping (hot pressing).
- Remote laser welding can form a large number of welds on the flange because the pitch between welds can be shortened.
- the risk of breakage increases.
- Non-Patent Document 1 suppresses HAZ softening due to resistance spot welding by reducing the strength of a base material by heat treatment performed at the time of hot stamping on a portion where there is a risk of fracture in an A pillar formed by hot stamping. It is disclosed. Thereby, the breakage of the structural member starting from the HAZ softened portion can be prevented.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses that the strength of the base material is reduced by tempering the B pillar formed by hot stamping by high frequency heating, and resistance spot welding does not cause HAZ softening. A method for preventing breakage of a structural member is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 when a high-strength steel plate is welded to form a structural member for an automobile, the stress of the welded portion is relieved by using laser welding and spot welding together.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for forming a continuous welded part by laser welding on a metal material along a spot welded part as a technique for improving the joining of the welded part.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique of laser welding around a spot welded part or a spot welded part as a technique for improving the joining force of the welded part.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in the method of adjusting the strength for each portion of the A pillar, a low strength portion is inevitably formed in a relatively wide range of the A pillar. For this reason, the effect of hot stamping that high strength can be obtained cannot be fully enjoyed, and the effect of weight reduction is also limited.
- the transition region between the quenched region and the unquenched region is wide, the strength characteristics are non-uniform, and the collision performance of the A pillar may vary.
- Non-Patent Document 2 in the method of tempering by high-frequency heating after hot stamping, there is a possibility that the B pillar is deformed by thermal strain generated by high-frequency heating and the dimensional accuracy is lowered.
- the structural members arranged around the door opening such as the A pillar and the roof rail, are not limited to the B pillar, and for example, it is necessary to ensure dimensional accuracy so that the gap with the door panel is uniform over the entire periphery of the door panel.
- the dimensional accuracy of the structural members arranged around the door opening is lowered, the appearance quality of the vehicle cannot be ensured. For this reason, it is difficult to apply the technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 to the structural members around the door opening.
- Patent Document 1 is a technique for suppressing delayed fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement that occurs immediately after continuous laser welding for overlapping steel sheets.
- Hydrogen embrittlement is caused by residual stress and strain associated with welding being concentrated at the start and end of laser welding, and dissolved hydrogen in the steel being concentrated there. Therefore, in order to prevent the deformation of the steel plate and relieve the residual stress and distortion, it has been proposed to suppress the deformation of the steel plate by performing temporary attachment by welding or the like at the planned position for laser welding.
- this technology relates to measures against delayed fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement by suppressing deformation of the steel plate caused by continuous laser welding, and is used as a substitute for resistance spot welding to surround a substantially circular laser welded portion for stacking steel plates. It does not relate to measures against breakage caused by the HAZ softened part.
- Patent Document 2 also functions as a fixing means for the overlapping portion by performing resistance spot welding prior to performing continuous laser welding. That is, this technique is also a technique for suppressing deformation of a steel sheet caused by continuous laser welding, and is a substitute for resistance spot welding, and measures against breakage caused by a HAZ softened part around a substantially circular laser weld for overlapping steel sheets. It is not about.
- Patent Document 3 sequentially performs a spot welding process and a laser welding process, and of two or more steel plates, a spot welded portion is provided between a high plate steel plate adjacent to the surface side steel plate and the surface side steel plate. Even when the film is not formed, the surface-side steel plate and the high-thick steel plate are welded by laser welding to ensure lap welding. That is, this technique also does not relate to countermeasures against breakage caused by the HAZ softened portion around the substantially circular laser welded portion, which is an alternative to resistance spot welding and for stacking steel plates.
- the application of laser welding which is an alternative to resistance spot welding, is required as a joint for superimposing steel sheets including high-strength steel sheets (particularly, steel sheets of 1180 MPa or more).
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and even when laser welding is performed in order to superimpose a plurality of steel plates including a high-strength steel plate, it is possible to suppress breakage due to a crack caused by the HAZ softened portion. Let it be an issue. In particular, it is an urgent issue to obtain an effective solution that suppresses destruction with low distortion when applied to a collision-resistant structural member such as an automobile pillar.
- laser welding for overlapping steel plates is referred to as “laser lap welding”, and the welded portion is referred to as “laser lap welding”.
- a steel plate of 1180 MPa or higher class is referred to as a “high strength steel plate”.
- the inventors of the present invention form a re-quenched portion by irradiating a laser beam to the outside of the softest portion of the HAZ across the substantially circular laser lap weld.
- the strain concentration in the HAZ softened part can be suppressed and the breakage in the HAZ softened part can be suppressed.
- the present inventors examined in further detail and obtained the following findings.
- the HAZ softened part generated by laser lap welding is reheated and quenched by laser irradiation to increase the hardness of the softened part once and the softened part is eliminated, thereby starting the HAZ softened part.
- destruction can be suppressed.
- it is sufficient to quench the HAZ softened part by reheating by laser irradiation. That is, it may be once melted and solidified by laser irradiation, but is not necessarily melted and solidified.
- quenching by laser irradiation quenching by laser irradiation
- the quenched part is called “laser quenching part”.
- a softened part is also formed around the laser-quenched part, and the terminal part (terminal part) becomes a starting point of a new crack, but the curvature of the terminal part is compared with the HAZ softened part of the laser lap weld. Therefore, it was found that the occurrence of cracks is remarkably suppressed. That is, since the laser irradiation is performed linearly in the main stress direction, the portion that becomes the starting point of the crack becomes a softened portion formed at the end of the laser-quenched portion. The inventors have confirmed through experiments that a softened portion is formed about 1 mm outside the laser-quenched portion. That is, the radius of curvature of the softened portion at the end depends on the laser irradiation width.
- the radius of curvature (laser irradiation width) at the end of the laser-quenched portion is smaller than the equivalent circle diameter (curvature radius) of the substantially circular laser lap weld.
- the length of the arc when viewed at a constant central angle is proportional to the radius of curvature. Therefore, the length of the arc at the end of the laser-hardened part when the center angle is the same as the central angle of the HAZ softened part of the laser lap weld is the length of the HAZ softened part of the HAZ softened part. Compared to a short time. For this reason, the occurrence of cracks can be greatly suppressed by laser quenching linearly in the main stress direction.
- the diameter of the laser lap weld that is substantially circular is about 2 to 15 mm.
- the laser irradiation width in reheating (same as the laser beam diameter) is about 0.15 to 0.9 mm. Therefore, if the laser irradiation width at the time of reheating is smaller than the diameter of laser lap welding (the radius of curvature of the portion through which the quenched portion passes), a crack suppressing effect can be obtained.
- the laser irradiation width is 50% or less of the diameter (curvature diameter) of the laser lap weld, cracking due to the softened part can be remarkably suppressed. More preferably, it should be 40% or less, and more preferably 30% or less.
- the laser irradiation width only needs to be 10% or more of the diameter of the laser lap welding (the curvature diameter of the portion through which the quenched portion passes). More preferably, it may be 20% or more.
- the softest part of laser lap welding is formed about 1 to 2 mm outside the melted part.
- the length of the laser-quenched portion needs to be 3 mm or more from the outer edge of the laser lap weld.
- the length of the laser-quenched portion is 5 mm or more from the outer edge of the laser lap weld, preferably 6 mm or more.
- the reheating temperature (quenching temperature) by laser irradiation should just be more than A3 point of a steel plate. This is because when heating is performed by laser irradiation, the laser beam is rapidly cooled if the irradiation is stopped, and therefore, once the temperature reaches the A3 point or higher, it is quenched. Also, once melted, there is no problem. Once melted, component dilution occurs between the combined steel plates, but the problem that stress concentration occurs in the softest part formed in the outer peripheral portion and becomes the starting point of cracks remains the same.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- a lap welding method in which a plurality of steel plates are overlapped and irradiated with a laser to form a substantially circular laser welded portion, and the laser is irradiated linearly through the outer edge of the substantially circular laser welded portion.
- a lap welding method characterized by forming a hardened portion on the steel plate.
- the substantially circular shape is a circular shape, an oval shape, an annular shape, an oval shape, a C shape, a long C shape, or a multiple annular shape.
- the irradiation width of the linear laser irradiation portion is smaller than the curvature diameter of the outer edge of the substantially circular laser welded portion and through which the linear laser irradiation passes.
- (6) The lap welding method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the steel plate has a martensitic structure among the plurality of steel plates.
- the substantially circular shape is a circular shape, an oval shape, an annular shape, an oval shape, a C shape, a long C shape, or a multiple annular shape.
- the width of the linearly formed hardened portion is smaller than the curvature diameter of the outer edge of the substantially circular laser welded portion where the linear hardened portion intersects or contacts ( The lap joint described in any one of 8) to (11).
- An automotive part comprising the lap joint described in any one of (8) to (14).
- the shape of the laser lap welding according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the shape of laser lap welding which is usually an alternative to resistance spot welding, is substantially circular.
- the substantially circular shape here refers to a series of arcs such as a circle, an ellipse, a ring, an oval, a C-shape, and a long C-shape, and moreover, a multiple ring or a series of arcs is multiplexed. It has become.
- the present invention can be applied to laser welding so as to fill the inside.
- the present invention can be applied to a shape that is not substantially circular. For example, it may be a polygon such as a triangle or a rectangle.
- the HAZ softened portion around the laser lap weld does not become a starting point of cracking and breaks at low strain. Can be avoided. For this reason, for example, it is possible to provide a high-strength automotive part having impact resistance and excellent occupant protection performance at the time of collision.
- FIG. 1 shows a tensile test piece
- FIG. 1 (a) shows the whole
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a cross section taken along the center line of the test piece.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the hardness survey position of the circular laser welded portion in the 1310 MPa class steel plate
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the hardness distribution of the circular laser welded portion.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a fracture at the HAZ softened portion of the circular laser welded portion.
- 4A is a comparative example in a tensile test
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a laser welded joint of Example 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 4C is a diagram of a laser welded joint of Example 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a load-elongation diagram of a comparative example in the tensile test, Example 1 of the present invention, and Example 2 of the present invention.
- Fig.5 (a) is a figure which shows the fracture position in the tension test of this invention example 1
- FIG.5 (b) is a figure which shows the fracture position of this invention example 2 in a tension test.
- 6 (a) to 6 (g) are diagrams showing examples of embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 (a) to FIG. 7 (j) are also diagrams showing examples of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a center pillar.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a side sill.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example in which the present invention is applied to an A pillar to a roof rail.
- FIG. 11A is a view showing a tensile test piece by C-shaped laser lap welding
- FIG. 11B is a view showing a laser lap weld portion of a comparative example
- FIG. 11C is an example of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the laser lap welding part which concerns on FIG. 11,
- FIG.11 (d) is a graph which shows a tension test result.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing the fracture position of the comparative example
- FIG. 12B is a diagram showing the fracture position of the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the hardness distribution of the C-shaped laser lap joint in the present invention example, FIG.
- 13 (a) is a diagram showing the measurement position of the hardness distribution of the lap joint according to the present invention
- 13B shows the hardness distribution of the end portion of the linear laser irradiation part
- FIG. 13C shows the intermediate part of the linear laser irradiation part
- FIG. 13D shows the substantially circular laser lap welding. It is a figure which shows the hardness distribution of a part.
- Laser welder is not particularly limited.
- a disk laser, a fiber laser, a YAG laser, or a carbon dioxide gas laser can be used.
- the beam diameter is in the range of 0.15 to 0.9 mm
- the output is in the range of 1 to 10 kW
- the welding speed is in the range of 1 to 25 m / min.
- the laser welding conditions are appropriately determined depending on the type of steel plate, the thickness of the steel plate, and the like, and are not limited to the above examples.
- ⁇ ⁇ Welding may be welding with a general torch mounted on a robot, but remote laser welding using a galvanometer mirror is desirable.
- Remote laser welding is a technique that combines a long-focus lens with a dedicated scanning mirror, performs spatial transmission of the laser beam, and scans and welds the laser spot at high speed.
- the beam movement time is almost zero, so that highly efficient welding can be performed.
- This system has the merit that it takes almost no time for the laser spot to move from one welding point to another during processing.
- the overlapped portion is irradiated with a laser beam to form a substantially circular laser welded portion, and then the HAZ softened portion formed around (outer peripheral portion) of the substantially circular laser welded portion.
- the HAZ softened part around the substantially circular laser welded part is hardened by forming a linear hardened part across. Therefore, the quenching portion can be formed so as to divide the HAZ softened portion by laser irradiation linearly through the outer edge of the laser lap weld.
- “passes the outer edge of the laser lap weld” indicates a state of crossing or contacting the outer edge of the laser lap weld.
- the laser lap weld is a melt-solidified part as shown in FIG. Therefore, the outer edge of the laser lap weld indicates the boundary between the melt-solidified portion and the base metal.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which a circular center part is also melted and solidified.
- FIG. 13 is C-shaped, the laser lap weld is a melt-solidified part in this case, and the concept is the same.
- FIG. 13 (a) shows an example of laser quenching so as to cross the C-shaped laser lap weld.
- the hardness distribution of the steel plate surface of the direction shown with the dotted line in Fig.13 (a) is shown.
- FIGS. 13B, 13C, and 13D show the steel sheet surface hardness distributions of the laser-hardened part terminal part (terminal part), the laser-hardened part, and the laser lap weld part, respectively.
- the quenching portion is a region sandwiched between maximum points of hardness appearing across the laser irradiation portion when the hardness distribution is measured across the laser quenching portion. Indicates.
- a softened part is formed around the quenching part by heat input during quenching.
- FIG.13 (c) there exists a part which shows the minimum value of hardness outside the peak of hardness. This is a softened part by laser hardening.
- FIG. 13B is a diagram showing the hardness of the end portion (end portion) of the laser-quenched portion.
- FIG. 13B shows a hardness distribution in the laser irradiation direction.
- the maximum point of hardness in FIG. 13B is the end (end portion) of the quenched portion, and the right side is the quenched portion.
- the hardened portion is formed at 50% or more of the thickness of a high-strength steel plate (particularly a steel plate including a martensite structure).
- the position of the linear hardened portion may be the main stress direction that is assumed to be the main stress direction at the time of collision, or when laser welding is performed on a flange-shaped steel plate member. Even if there is a deviation from the main stress direction due to the accuracy of laser welding, etc., it is preferable that the deviation angle is small, so the linear hardened portion should be formed within a range of ⁇ 30 ° with respect to the main stress direction. Is desirable. If the quenched portion is formed within a range of ⁇ 30 ° with respect to the main stress direction, it can be regarded as formed in the main stress direction. More desirably, it is within a range of ⁇ 15 ° with respect to the principal stress direction. More desirably, it is within a range of ⁇ 10 ° with respect to the principal stress direction.
- the principal stress direction can be obtained in advance at the design stage.
- the method for obtaining the principal stress direction in advance is not limited. For example, it can be obtained by a simulation such as a finite element method (FEM). Alternatively, it can be obtained by testing with a model or an actual test member. There may be a plurality of principal stress directions. In this case, a hardened portion may be formed by irradiating the laser linearly in accordance with each principal stress direction.
- FEM finite element method
- the HAZ softened portion around the substantially circular laser lap welded portion is divided, and the strength is reduced due to the HAZ softened portion in the main stress direction. Is suppressed.
- the linear hardening part should just divide the HAZ softening part of a laser lap welding part, it does not necessarily need to be continuously formed linearly inside the laser lap welding part.
- the steel plate to which the present invention can be applied is not limited.
- the HAZ softening is remarkable in steel having a martensite structure, and the effect is great when the present invention is applied to such a steel sheet.
- a steel sheet having a martensitic structure there is a high-strength steel having a tensile stress of 1180 MPa or more.
- Such high-strength steel is often applied to hot stamping (hot press molding), and is sometimes called hot stamping steel.
- the presence or absence of plating is not ask
- the lap joint according to the present invention may be applied to any steel member.
- the effect obtained is great when applied to an automobile member that requires impact resistance.
- the present invention will be described based on specific examples. For example, when it collides with the center pillar of an automobile, a tensile load is applied to the flange portion where the inner panel and the outer panel are overlap-welded. Therefore, the strain concentrates on the HAZ softened portion of the circular laser lap weld formed on the flange and breaks. The inventors conducted a test assuming such a case.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a tensile test piece.
- a 440 MPa class steel plate (plate thickness of 1.2 mm), a 1310 MPa class steel plate (plate thickness of 1.4 mm), and a 270 MPa class alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate (plate thickness of 0.7 mm) are superposed on the holding part of the test piece.
- the sample was fixed by resistance spot welding, and circular laser lap welding was performed at the center of the test piece. Laser welding is performed using a fiber laser under the conditions of a beam diameter of 0.6 mm, an output of 2.0 kW, and a welding speed of 2.0 m / min, and a circle with a diameter of about 7 mm shown in FIG.
- a test piece having a welded laser lap weld was formed.
- FIG. 2 (a) is an explanatory view showing the hardness investigation position of a circular laser welded part in a 1310 MPa class steel plate
- FIG. 2 (b) is an explanatory view showing the hardness distribution of the circular laser welded part. It is.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a fracture position of a circular laser lap weld joint.
- FIG. 4 shows a load-elongation diagram (FIG. 4 (C)) of a comparative example (FIG. 4 (a)), Example 1 (FIG. 4 (b)) and Example 2 (FIG. 4 (c)) of the tensile test. d)).
- the comparative example (FIG. 4A) is a case of only laser lap welding.
- Inventive Example 1 (FIG. 4B) is a case where a hardened portion is formed by laser irradiation linearly in the axial direction (main stress direction) of the test piece from the outer edge of laser lap welding.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the fracture position of Example 1 (FIG. 5A) and Example 2 (FIG. 5B) of the present invention.
- Example 1 of the present invention was able to eliminate the low strain fracture as compared with the comparative example.
- the molten metal part of a lap weld part softens because the elements of each steel plate are mixed, this part is not broken at the molten metal part because three steel sheets are overlapped and the plate thickness is large.
- the elongation at break was about 7.3%, which was improved by about 317% compared to the comparative example. It was confirmed that the fractured portion was broken in the middle of the laser-quenched portion (FIG. 5B). That is, it was confirmed that the HAZ softened part of the lap welding did not break. As a result, it was confirmed that the present invention example 2 is less affected by the low strain fracture than the comparative example and the invention example 1.
- the fracture surface was observed by observing the fracture surface of a high-strength steel plate (1310 MPa class steel plate in the above test piece) among the test pieces.
- FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (g) are explanatory views showing various substantially circular laser lap welds 1 to 7 assuming a flange.
- the main stress direction is the longitudinal direction of the flange (left-right direction in the figure).
- the present invention has a circular shape 1, an oval shape 2, a C shape 3, a long C shape 4, an annular shape 5, an elliptical shape 6, 2 It can be applied to the laser lap welding of the heavy annular ring 7.
- FIGS. 7A to 7J are explanatory views showing a linear laser-quenched portion 8 formed across the HAZ softened portion formed around the circular laser lap weld 1.
- FIG. 7 also assumes a flange, and the main stress direction is the longitudinal direction of the flange (left-right direction in the figure) as in FIG.
- the linear laser-quenched portion 8 does not necessarily have to pass through the center of the circular laser welded portion 1.
- the formation direction of the linear laser-quenched portion 8 may be within 30 ° with respect to the assumed principal stress direction.
- the left and right lengths of the linear laser-quenched portion 8 do not necessarily have to be the same, but are 3 mm or more away from the end of the substantially circular laser welded portion 1.
- the laser quenching portion 8 needs to be formed up to the position.
- the end of the linear laser-quenched portion 8 may be widened to suppress stress concentration.
- the size needs to be smaller than the circular laser weld 1.
- the linear laser-quenched portion 8 may be bent as long as it is within ⁇ 30 ° with respect to the assumed principal stress direction.
- a plurality of circular laser-quenched portions 1, 1 may be continuously connected by a single linear laser welded portion 8.
- the linear laser-quenched portion 8 does not necessarily have to penetrate through the inside of the circular laser lap weld 1.
- laser quenching sections 8 there may be a plurality of laser quenching sections 8. If there are a plurality of main stress directions, laser quenching portions may be formed in the respective directions.
- the width of the laser-quenched portion may change.
- the width of the laser-quenched portion is preferably wide at the outer edge of the laser lap weld and narrow at the end.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a situation in which the present invention is applied to the center pillar 9.
- a side panel outer (not shown) made of a 270 MPa class alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, a center pillar reinforcement 10 made of a hot stamp material, and a center pillar inner (not shown) made of a 590 MPa class steel sheet.
- a center pillar reinforcement 10 made of a hot stamp material
- a center pillar inner (not shown) made of a 590 MPa class steel sheet.
- the assembled side panel is assembled with the underbody in the main body line, temporarily fixed, and then struck by remote laser welding.
- a laser-quenched portion 8 is formed by performing linear laser irradiation.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a situation in which the present invention is applied to the side sill 12.
- the side sill 12 is assembled with the underbody in the main body line, temporarily fixed, and then further struck by remote laser welding.
- the side sill 12 includes a sill inner panel made of 590 MPa class galvannealed steel sheet, a sill inner reinforcement made of 1180 MPa class galvannealed steel sheet, and a sill outer panel made of 270 MPa class galvannealed steel sheet. , And overlapped with flanges formed on the respective edge portions.
- circular laser welding is performed to form the laser lap weld 1
- linear laser irradiation for dividing the HAZ softened portion is performed to form the linear laser-quenched portion 8.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a situation in which the present invention is applied to the A pillar 13 to the roof rail 14.
- the side panel including the A pillar 13 to the roof rail 14 is assembled with the underbody in the main body line, and is further struck by remote laser welding, similarly to the center pillar 9.
- the Each of the A pillar 13 and the roof rail 14 is constituted by three sheets of a formed panel made of two hot stamp materials and a 270 MPa class galvannealed steel sheet.
- circular laser welding is performed to form the laser lap weld portion 1
- laser irradiation is performed to divide the HAZ softened portion around the circular laser lap weld portion 1 to form the laser quenched portion 8. .
- Example 1 is an example in which the present invention is applied to C-shaped laser lap welding.
- 11A is an explanatory view showing a tensile test piece
- FIG. 11B is an explanatory view showing a laser welded part of a comparative example
- FIG. 11C shows a laser welded part of an example of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing and FIG.11 (d) is a graph which shows a tension test result.
- the tensile test pieces consisted of a 270 MPa class galvannealed steel plate having a thickness of 0.7 mm, a 1310 MPa class steel plate having a thickness of 1.4 mm, and a 440 MPa class steel plate having a thickness of 1.2 mm in this order.
- the tensile test piece shown in FIG. 11A was created by superposing and performing resistance spot welding on the gripping part of the test piece.
- test piece in which a laser welded portion was formed and a test piece (invention example) in which linear laser irradiation was performed after the C-shaped welded portion shown in FIG. did.
- the tensile test was carried out at a tensile speed of 3 mm / min with the created weld as a rating distance of 50 mm.
- FIG. 12 (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the fracture position of the comparative example
- FIG. 12 (b) is an explanatory diagram showing the fracture position of the example of the present invention.
- the C-shaped laser welding of the comparative example had an elongation at break of 2.7%. And as shown to Fig.12 (a), it fractured
- the elongation at break was 4.3% as shown in FIG.
- rupture position was the front-end
- the example of the present invention improved the elongation at break by about 60% over the comparative example.
- the present invention can be used for a lap joint in which steel plates including a high-strength steel plate are combined.
- it can be used for machine structural parts such as automobile parts.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、このような状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、高強度鋼板を含む複数の鋼板を重ね合わせるためにレーザ溶接した場合でも、HAZ軟化部に起因する亀裂による破壊を抑制することを課題とする。特に、自動車のピラー等の耐衝突構造部材へ適用する際に低歪で破壊することを抑制する有効な解決策を得ることが喫緊の課題である。
以下、本明細書において、鋼板を重ね合わせるためのレーザ溶接を「レーザ重ね溶接」と呼び、その溶接部分を「レーザ重ね溶接部」と呼ぶ。また、本明細書においては、特に断りのない限り1180MPa以上級の鋼板を「高強度鋼板」と呼ぶ。
これはレーザ照射による再加熱により、HAZ軟化部を焼入れすれば足りることも見出した。つまり、レーザ照射により一旦溶融凝固させてもよいが、必ずしも溶融凝固させる必要はない。本明細書において、レーザ照射により焼入れすることを「レーザ焼入れ」、また焼入れした部分を「レーザ焼入れ部」と呼ぶ。
本明細書において、最大応力方向を主応力方向と呼び、この時かかる応力を主応力と呼ぶ。通常、高強度鋼板を補強材とする耐衝撃部材は、衝撃応力のかかる方向がだいたい決まっている。自動車のピラー等の部材ではフランジの長手方向が主応力方向になる。したがって、この方向に対し亀裂の発生を抑制する対策を行なえばよい。
すなわち、主応力方向に直線状にレーザ照射するため、亀裂の起点になる部分はレーザ焼入れ部の末端に形成される軟化部になる。発明者らは実験により、レーザ焼入れ部の1mm程度外側に軟化部が形成されることを確認した。つまり、末端部の軟化部の曲率径は、レーザ照射幅に依存する。略円形状のレーザ重ね溶接部の円相当径(曲率径)に比べ、レーザ焼入れ部の末端部の曲率径(レーザ照射幅)は小さい。一定の中心角で見たときの弧の長さは曲率径に比例する。したがって、レーザ重ね溶接のHAZ軟化部の硬度回復した部分の中心角と同じ中心角にした時のレーザ焼入れ部の末端部の弧の長さは、HAZ軟化部の硬度回復した部分の長さに比べて著しく短くなる。そのため、主応力方向に直線状にレーザ焼入れすることにより、亀裂の発生を大きく抑制することができる。
通常、略円形状で行うレーザ重ね溶接部の直径は2~15mm程度である。一方、再加熱でのレーザ照射幅(レーザビーム径と同じ。)は0.15~0.9mm程度である。
したがって、再加熱時のレーザ照射幅が、レーザ重ね溶接の直径(焼入れ部が通る部分の曲率径)より小さければ、亀裂抑制効果を得ることができる。特に、レーザ照射幅が、レーザ重ね溶接部の直径(曲率径)の50%以下であれば、軟化部起因の亀裂発生を顕著に抑制できる。さらに好ましくは40%以下にするとよく、より好ましくは30%以下であるとよい。
一方、レーザ照射幅を狭めすぎると、HAZ軟化部の亀裂発生の抑制効果が低下する。このため、レーザ照射幅は、レーザ重ね溶接の直径(焼入れ部が通る部分の曲率径)の10%以上あればよい。より好ましくは20%以上であればよい。
(2)前記直線状のレーザ照射が、予め求めた主応力方向に照射することを特徴とする(1)に記載の重ね溶接方法。
(3)前記直線状のレーザ照射が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁から少なくとも3mm以上照射することを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の重ね溶接方法。
(4)前記略円状は、円状、長円状、円環状、長円環状、C字状、長C字状または多重円環状であることを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね溶接方法。
(5)前記直線状のレーザ照射部分の照射幅が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部外縁であって前記直線状のレーザ照射が通る部分の曲率直径より小さいことを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね溶接方法。
(6)前記複数の鋼板のうち、マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする(1)~(5)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね溶接方法。
(7)前記マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板が、引張強度1180MPa以上を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする(6)に記載された重ね溶接方法。
(8)複数の鋼板を重ね合わせレーザを照射して略円状のレーザ溶接部を形成して、前記複数の鋼板を接合した重ね継手であって、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁を通りレーザを照射して直線状に形成された焼入れ部を備えることを特徴とする重ね継手。
(9)前記直線状の焼入れ部が、予め求めた主応力方向に形成されていることを特徴とする(8)に記載の重ね継手。
(10)前記直線状に形成された焼入れ部が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁から少なくとも3mm以上形成されていることを特徴とする(8)または(9)に記載の重ね継手。
(11)前記略円状は、円状、長円状、円環状、長円環状、C字状、長C字状または多重円環状であることを特徴とする(8)~(10)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手。
(12)前記直線状に形成された焼入れ部の幅が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部外縁であって前記直線状の焼入れ部が交叉または接する部分の曲率直径より小さいことを特徴とする(8)~(11)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手。
(13)前記鋼板のうち、少なくとも一つの鋼板がマルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする(8)~(12)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手。
(14)前記マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板が、引張強度1180MPa以上を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする(13)に記載された重ね継手。
(15)複数の鋼板を重ね合わせレーザを照射して略円状のレーザ溶接部を形成して製造する重ね継手の製造方法であって、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁を通り直線状にレーザを照射して鋼板に焼入れ部を形成することを特徴とする重ね継手の製造方法。
(16)(8)~(14)のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手を備えることを特徴とする自動車用部品。
更には、一般的には用いられないが、略円状ではない形状であっても、本発明は適用できる。例えば、三角形、四角形などの多角形であってもよい。
焼入れ部の周辺には、焼入れ時の入熱による軟化部ができる。図13(c)において、硬さのピークの外側に、硬さの極小値を示す部分がある。これがレーザ焼入れによる軟化部である。
主応力方向は複数あってもよい。この場合、各主応力方向に合せて直線状にレーザ照射し、焼入れ部を形成すればよい。
また、めっきの有無も問わない。
例えば自動車のセンターピラーに衝突すると、インナーパネルとアウターパネルを重ね溶接したフランジ部に引張荷重が付加される。そのため、フランジに形成された円状のレーザ重ね溶接部のHAZ軟化部にひずみが集中し破断する。発明者らは、このようなケースを想定して試験を行った。
440MPa級鋼板(板厚1.2mm)と、1310MPa級鋼板(板厚1.4mm)と、270MPa級合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(板厚0.7mm)とを重ね合わせ、試験片の把持部に抵抗スポット溶接で固定し、試験片の中央部に円状のレーザ重ね溶接を実施した。ファイバーレーザを用い、ビーム径0.6mm,出力2.0kW,溶接速度2.0m/minの条件でレーザ溶接を行って、図4(a)に示す直径が約7mmの円状で円内部も溶接したレーザ重ね溶接部を有する試験片を形成した。
図5は、本発明例1(図5(a))、本発明例2(図5(b))の破断位置を示す説明図である。
本発明例1の破断伸びは4.3%であり、比較例と比較しても、破断伸びが比較例よりも約87%向上した。また破断箇所もレーザ焼入れ部の末端部で破断していることが確認できた(図5(a))。この結果、本発明例1は、比較例に比べ低歪破壊が解消されていることが確認できた。なお、重ね溶接部の溶融金属部は、各鋼板の元素が混じるために軟化するが、この部分は3枚の鋼板が重ねあわされて板厚が大きいため、溶融金属部では破断しない。
なお、破断面の観察は、試験片のうち高強度鋼板(上記試験片では1310MPa級鋼板)の破断面を観察した。
図8は、本発明をセンターピラー9に適用した状況を示す説明図である。
サイドシル12もセンターピラー9と同様に、メインボディラインでアンダーボディと組み立てられ、仮止めされた後、リモートレーザ溶接で増し打ちされる。サイドシル12は、590MPa級合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板からなるシルインナーパネルと、1180MPa級合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板からなるシルインナーレインフォースと、270MPa級合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板からなるシルアウターパネルとを、それぞれの縁部に形成されたフランジで重ね合わされて構成される。このとき円状のレーザ溶接を行ってレーザ重ね溶接部1を形成した後、HAZ軟化部を分断するための線状のレーザ照射を行って線状のレーザ焼入れ部8を形成する。
以下、上記とは異なる態様についての実施例を紹介する。
図11(a)は引張試験片を示す説明図であり、図11(b)は比較例のレーザ溶接部を示す説明図であり、図11(c)は本発明例のレーザ溶接部を示す説明図であり、図11(d)は引張試験結果を示すグラフである。
2 略円状(長円状)のレーザ溶接部
3 略円状(C字状)のレーザ溶接部
4 略円状(長C字状)のレーザ溶接部
5 略円状(円環状)のレーザ溶接部
6 略円状(長円環状)のレーザ溶接部
7 略円状(2重円環状)のレーザ溶接部
8 直線状の焼入れ部
9 センターピラー
10 センターピラーリンフォース
11 スポット溶接部
12 サイドシル
13 Aピラー
14 ルーフレール
Claims (16)
- 複数の鋼板を重ね合わせレーザを照射して略円状のレーザ溶接部を形成する重ね溶接方法であって、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁を通り直線状にレーザを照射して鋼板に焼入れ部を形成することを特徴とする重ね溶接方法。
- 前記直線状のレーザ照射が、予め求めた主応力方向に照射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の重ね溶接方法。
- 前記直線状のレーザ照射が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁から少なくとも3mm以上照射することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の重ね溶接方法。
- 前記略円状は、円状、長円状、円環状、長円環状、C字状、長C字状または多重円環状であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載された重ね溶接方法。
- 前記直線状のレーザ照射部分の照射幅が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部外縁であって前記直線状のレーザ照射が通る部分の曲率直径より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載された重ね溶接方法。
- 前記複数の鋼板のうち少なくとも一つの鋼板が、マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載された重ね溶接方法。
- 前記マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板が、引張強度1180MPa以上を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載された重ね溶接方法。
- 複数の鋼板を重ね合わせレーザを照射して略円状のレーザ溶接部を形成して前記複数の鋼板を接合した重ね継手であって、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁を通りレーザを照射して直線状に形成された焼入れ部を備えることを特徴とする重ね継手。
- 前記直線状に形成された焼入れ部が、予め求めた主応力方向に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の重ね継手。
- 前記直線状に形成された焼入れ部が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁から少なくとも3mm以上形成されていることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の重ね継手。
- 前記略円状は、円状、長円状、円環状、長円環状、C字状、長C字状または多重円環状であることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手。
- 前記直線状の焼入れ部の幅が、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部外縁であって前記直線状の焼入れ部が交叉または接する部分の曲率直径より小さいことを特徴とする請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手。
- 前記鋼板のうち少なくとも一つの鋼板が、マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手。
- 前記マルテンサイト組織を有する鋼板が、引張強度1180MPa以上を有する鋼板であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載された重ね継手。
- 複数の鋼板を重ね合わせレーザを照射して略円状のレーザ溶接部を形成して製造する重ね継手の製造方法であって、前記略円状のレーザ溶接部の外縁を通り直線状にレーザを照射して鋼板に焼入れ部を形成することを特徴とする重ね継手の製造方法。
- 請求項8~14のいずれか1項に記載された重ね継手を備えることを特徴とする自動車用部品。
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RU2016132308A RU2653742C2 (ru) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | Способ сварки внахлест, нахлесточное соединение, способ изготовления нахлесточного соединения и деталь автомобиля |
MX2016009185A MX2016009185A (es) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | Metodo de soldadura por solapado, union de solapa, metodo de produccion para union de solapa, y parte automotriz. |
US15/114,186 US10589380B2 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | Lap welding method, lap joint, production method of lap joint, and an automobile part |
EP15746888.5A EP3112076A4 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | Lap-welding method, lap joint, production method for lap joint, and automotive part |
JP2015561009A JP6179605B2 (ja) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | 重ね溶接方法、重ね継手、重ね継手の製造方法、および自動車用部品 |
CN201580003615.2A CN105873715B (zh) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | 搭接焊方法、搭接接头、搭接接头的制造方法、以及汽车用部件 |
CA2936787A CA2936787C (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-04 | Lap welding method, lap joint, production method of lap joint, and an automobile part |
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JP2020159488A (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 重ね接合構造、及び自動車骨格部品 |
JP7389315B2 (ja) | 2019-03-27 | 2023-11-30 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 重ね接合構造、及び自動車骨格部品 |
JP7446128B2 (ja) | 2020-02-27 | 2024-03-08 | 三和シヤッター工業株式会社 | 鋼製ドアおよび鋼製ドアの製造方法 |
Also Published As
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MX2016009185A (es) | 2016-10-03 |
KR20160104048A (ko) | 2016-09-02 |
RU2016132308A (ru) | 2018-03-07 |
JP6179605B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
CN105873715B (zh) | 2018-06-26 |
CA2936787A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
EP3112076A4 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
KR101943173B1 (ko) | 2019-01-28 |
EP3112076A1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
RU2653742C2 (ru) | 2018-05-14 |
CA2936787C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
US20170008124A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
CN105873715A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
US10589380B2 (en) | 2020-03-17 |
JPWO2015119159A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
RU2016132308A3 (ja) | 2018-03-07 |
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