WO2015045286A1 - 部材表面の断熱層及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
部材表面の断熱層及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015045286A1 WO2015045286A1 PCT/JP2014/004552 JP2014004552W WO2015045286A1 WO 2015045286 A1 WO2015045286 A1 WO 2015045286A1 JP 2014004552 W JP2014004552 W JP 2014004552W WO 2015045286 A1 WO2015045286 A1 WO 2015045286A1
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- insulating layer
- heat insulating
- heat
- hollow particles
- filler material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/01—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers characterised by the use of particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
- F02F3/14—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads within combustion chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1212—Zeolites, glasses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1229—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1241—Metallic substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
- C23C18/1262—Process of deposition of the inorganic material involving particles, e.g. carbon nanotubes [CNT], flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/02—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by wet methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J10/00—Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/04—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
- F05C2203/02—Glass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
- F05C2251/048—Heat transfer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat insulating layer provided on a member surface and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the sprayed layer itself has been used for the trochoidal surfaces of cylinder liners and rotary engines, but it is intended to improve wear resistance and not to improve heat resistance.
- the thermal spray layer a heat insulating layer, it is preferable to spray the low thermal conductive material mainly composed of ZrO 2 as described above.
- Patent Document 1 proposes that an uneven surface of an engine component facing a combustion chamber is provided with a concave and convex portion, and the concave portion is filled by spraying a low thermal conductive material mainly composed of ZrO 2 .
- Patent Document 2 discloses an internal combustion engine in which a heat insulating film including a plurality of first heat insulating materials formed in a granular form, a second heat insulating material formed in a film shape, and a reinforcing fiber material is formed.
- the second heat insulating material As a specific example of the second heat insulating material, a ceramic such as zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silicon, titanium, or zirconium, a ceramic mainly composed of carbon / oxygen, or a ceramic fiber having high strength and high heat resistance is used. Further, it is described that a plurality of these materials can be used in combination.
- the thermal spray material of Patent Document 1 and the heat insulating material such as Ceramic of Patent Document 2 are formed by bonding particles (powder) to each other, so that there is a gap between the particles, that is, a porous shape. Therefore, in a so-called direct injection engine in which fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber, when the sprayed fuel reaches the piston surface, the fuel penetrates into the heat insulating layer through the gap and can contribute to combustion. Disappear. Furthermore, when the soaked fuel is gradually carbonized and remains as carbon deposits, the heat conductivity of the heat insulating layer increases, resulting in a problem of reduced function.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is, for example, to provide a member facing the engine combustion chamber so as to prevent fuel penetration and maintain high heat insulation over a long period of time.
- the object is to obtain a heat insulating layer that can improve the thermal efficiency of the engine.
- the present invention uses a non-powdered vitreous material as the material of the heat insulating layer on the surface of the member.
- the heat insulating layer on the surface of the member according to the present invention includes hollow particles made of an inorganic oxide, a filler material, and a vitreous material mainly composed of silicic acid, and the vitreous material is in a non-powder state. It is characterized by covering the hollow particles and the filler material and bonding them together.
- the vitreous material covers the hollow particles and the filler particles and binds them together, the gap between the hollow particles and the gap between the hollow particles and the filler material are filled. It can be in the state. Furthermore, the vitreous material is in a non-powder state, and unlike the porous sprayed layer or the ceramic layer such as zirconia, the vitreous material itself is dense, so when it is provided on the surface of a member facing the engine combustion chamber, for example. The fuel injected into the engine combustion chamber can be prevented from entering the heat insulating layer. As a result, the generation of carbon deposits due to the soaked fuel can be prevented and the heat insulation performance can be prevented from being lowered, so that the thermal efficiency of the engine can be improved.
- the volume ratio of the hollow particles is large as a component of the heat insulating layer, and since a large amount of air layer can be contained in the heat insulating layer, the heat conductivity of the heat insulating layer can be reduced, and the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating layer can be reduced. Can be improved.
- the volume ratio of the hollow particles in the heat insulating layer to 75 vol% or less, it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of the vitreous material for bonding the hollow particles to each other and to form a durable film. It becomes.
- the vitreous material is the largest, and the hollow particles: filler material:
- the vitreous material is preferably in the range of 17 to 48: 5 to 14:44 to 75.
- the heat conductivity of a heat insulation layer can be reduced similarly to the above, the heat insulation performance of a heat insulation layer can be improved, and the quantity of a vitreous material can fully be secured.
- a durable film can be formed.
- the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer on the member surface according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.15 W / m ⁇ K to 0.4 W / m ⁇ K.
- the volume specific heat of the heat insulating layer of the surface of the member according to the present invention is the range of 400kJ / m 3 ⁇ K or more 1300kJ / m 3 ⁇ K.
- the heat insulating layer having a low volume specific heat can solve the problem that the amount of intake air is reduced because the heat insulating layer temperature is lowered by intake air in the intake process of the engine, and the thermal efficiency can be improved.
- the hollow particles have at least one of silica and alumina as a main component and have a median diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter of the hollow particles is 5 ⁇ m or more, the amount of air contained in the particles can be increased.
- the particle size is 30 ⁇ m or less, the amount of particles that can be contained with respect to the thickness of the heat insulating layer can be increased, resulting in high heat insulation.
- the amount of air layer required for performance can be obtained.
- the surface roughness of the heat insulating layer can be reduced. For example, when it is provided on the surface of a member facing the engine combustion chamber, a local increase in the surface temperature of the heat insulating layer is prevented. Abnormal combustion and heat loss of the heat insulating layer can be prevented.
- the filler material may be composed of at least one of a fibrous inorganic oxide and a transition metal oxide.
- the fibrous inorganic oxide increases the strength of the heat insulating layer and suppresses the generation of cracks, and the transition metal oxide contributes to increase the hardness of the heat insulating layer.
- the method for producing a heat insulating layer on the surface of a member according to the present invention comprises a step of preparing a member for forming a heat insulating layer, a solution containing a precursor that becomes a vitreous material by heat treatment, hollow particles, and a filler material.
- a step of changing to a material comprises a step of preparing a member for forming a heat insulating layer, a solution containing a precursor that becomes a vitreous material by heat treatment, hollow particles, and a filler material.
- a heat insulating layer containing hollow particles, a filler material, and a vitreous material mainly composed of silicic acid can be formed on the member surface. Since the obtained heat insulating layer changes the precursor into a vitreous material by heat-treating the mixed solution of the crow precursor solution, the hollow particles, and the filler material, the vitreous material contains the hollow particles and the filler particles. Join and join them together. As a result, the vitreous material can be filled with the gaps between the hollow particles or between the hollow particles and the filler material.
- the vitreous material is obtained by solidifying the precursor solution by heating, that is, the vitreous material is in a non-powder state and is itself dense. Therefore, for example, when it is provided on the surface of the member facing the engine combustion chamber, the penetration of fuel into the heat insulating layer can be prevented. Therefore, generation of carbon deposits due to the soaked fuel can be prevented, and deterioration of the heat insulation performance can be prevented, so that a heat insulation layer capable of improving the thermal efficiency of the engine can be obtained.
- silicon alkoxide can be used as a precursor.
- the heat insulating layer on the member surface according to the present invention for example, when it is provided on the member surface facing the engine combustion chamber, it is possible to prevent the infiltration of fuel into the heat insulating layer and maintain high heat insulation over a long period of time. The thermal efficiency of can be improved. Moreover, according to the manufacturing method of the heat insulation layer on the member surface which concerns on this invention, the heat insulation layer which has the above effects can be obtained.
- the present invention is applied to a member facing the combustion chamber of the engine shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 1 is a piston
- reference numeral 3 is a cylinder block
- reference numeral 5 is a cylinder head
- reference numeral 7 is an intake valve for opening and closing the intake port 9 of the cylinder head 5
- reference numeral 11 is an exhaust port 13.
- An exhaust valve that opens and closes reference numeral 15 denotes a fuel injection valve.
- the combustion chamber of the engine is formed by the top surface of the piston 1, the cylinder block 3, the cylinder head 5, and the valve head surfaces of the intake and exhaust valves 7 and 11 (surfaces facing the combustion chamber).
- a cavity 17 is formed on the top surface of the piston 1. Note that the illustration of the spark plug and the cylinder liner is omitted.
- the cooling loss depends on the heat transfer rate from the working gas to the engine combustion chamber wall, its heat transfer area, and the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the wall temperature. For this reason, in the engine combustion chamber, a heat insulating layer made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the metal base material of the engine component is formed on the surface of the metal base material.
- a heat insulating layer 21 is formed on the top surface 19a (the member surface facing the engine combustion chamber) of the piston main body 19 as an engine member.
- a concave portion corresponding to the cavity 17 is formed at the center of the top surface 19a of the piston body 19, and the heat insulating layer 21 is formed with a uniform thickness so as to follow the shape of the top surface 19a.
- the piston main body 19 of this embodiment is made of an aluminum alloy that has been subjected to T6 treatment.
- the top surface 19a of the piston body 19 on which the heat insulating layer 21 is formed is subjected to a roughening treatment such as a blast treatment and an anodizing treatment (alumite treatment).
- corrugation is formed in the top surface 19a of the piston main body 19, and the adhesiveness of the piston main body 19 and the heat insulation layer 21 can be improved, As a result, it can prevent that the heat insulation layer 21 peels from the piston main body 19. .
- other methods may be used, for example, the top surface of the piston main body 19 may be subjected to a chemical conversion treatment on 19a.
- the heat insulation layer 21 of this embodiment includes hollow particles 23 made of an inorganic oxide, a filler material 25, and a vitreous material 27 mainly composed of silicic acid.
- the heat insulating layer 21 has a layer structure in which the vitreous material 27 covers the hollow particles 23 and the filler material 25 and combines them.
- the vitreous material 27 combines the hollow particles 23 with each other so as to fill the gaps between the hollow particles 23 and the filler material 25, and the vitreous material 27 is non-powdered and is itself dense. It is configured. For this reason, there is no gap through which the fuel can pass between the hollow particles 23 or the vitreous material 27 itself, and as a result, the fuel injected into the engine combustion chamber can be prevented from entering the heat insulating layer 21.
- the inorganic oxide hollow particles 23 include Si-based oxide components such as fly ash balloons, shirasu balloons, silica balloons, and airgel balloons (for example, silica (SiO 2 )) or Al-based oxide components (for example, it is preferable to employ ceramic hollow particles containing alumina (Al 2 O 3 ). Each material and particle size are as shown in Table 1.
- the chemical composition of the fly ash balloon is SiO 2 ; 40.1-74.4%, Al 2 O 3 ; 15.7-35.2%, Fe 2 O 3 ; 1.4-17.5%, MgO: 0.2 to 7.4%, CaO: 0.3 to 10.1% (the above is mass%).
- the chemical composition of the Shirasu balloon is SiO 2 ; 75 to 77%, Al 2 O 3 ; 12 to 14%, Fe 2 O 3 ; 1 to 2%, Na 2 O; 3 to 4%, K 2 O; 2 to 4%, IgLoss; 2 to 5% (the above is mass%).
- the median diameter (D50) of the hollow particles 23 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter of the hollow particles When the median diameter of the hollow particles is 5 ⁇ m or more, the amount of air contained in the particles can be increased. On the other hand, when the particle size is 30 ⁇ m or less, the amount of particles that can be contained with respect to the thickness of the heat insulating layer can be increased, resulting in high heat insulation. The amount of air layer required for performance can be obtained. Furthermore, when the median diameter of the hollow particles is 30 ⁇ m or less, the surface roughness of the heat insulating layer can be reduced, the local increase in surface temperature can be prevented, and abnormal combustion of the engine and heat loss of the heat insulating layer can be prevented.
- the heat insulating layer 21 preferably contains such hollow particles 23 at a volume ratio of 40 vol% or more and 75 vol% or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the hollow particle 23 is contained in the heat insulation layer 21 by the mass ratio of 17 mass% or more and 48 mass% or less. In this way, since the content of the hollow particles 23 as a component of the heat insulating layer 21 is as large as 40 vol% or more or 17 mass% or more, a large amount of air layer can be contained in the heat insulating layer 21. For this reason, the thermal conductivity and volume specific heat of the heat insulation layer 21 can be reduced, and the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation layer 21 can be improved.
- the amount of the vitreous material 27 for bonding the hollow particles 23 to each other can be sufficiently secured, and the durability It is possible to form a film having a thickness.
- the filler material 25 is preferably included in the heat insulating layer 21 in a volume ratio of 1 vol% or more and 5 vol% or less, and the vitreous material 27 is It is preferable that it is contained in the heat insulation layer 21 by the volume ratio of 23 vol% or more and 58 vol% or less.
- the filler material 25 is preferably included in the heat insulating layer 21 at a mass ratio of 5 mass% to 14 mass%, and the vitreous material 27 is included in the heat insulating layer 21 at a mass ratio of 44 mass% to 75 mass%.
- the filler material 25 is contained in the heat insulating layer to reinforce the heat insulating layer 21, and is preferably made of a high-strength and high heat-resistant material.
- a fibrous inorganic oxide and a transition metal oxide are preferably used. be able to.
- the vitreous material 27 is used to form the heat insulating layer 21 by combining the hollow particles 23 with each other and the hollow particles 23 and the filler material 25, and heat insulating with a content of 23 vol% or more or 44 mass% or more. If included in the layer 21, the hollow particles 23 and the hollow particles 23 and the filler material 25 can be sufficiently bonded to each other, and a durable film can be formed.
- the amount of the hollow particles 23 for improving the heat insulating performance can be sufficiently secured.
- the heat insulating layer 21 having high heat insulating properties can be obtained.
- a piston main body (base material) made of an aluminum alloy as an engine member is prepared (step S1).
- a degreasing process on the piston body, dirt such as oils and fats and fingerprints adhering to the surface on which the heat insulating layer is to be formed is removed.
- a roughening treatment base treatment
- blasting such as sand blasting is preferably performed.
- the blasting process can be performed using an air blasting apparatus, using alumina having a particle size of # 30 as a projection material, and processing conditions of a pressure of 0.39 MPa, a time of 45 seconds, and a distance of 100 mm.
- the alumite treatment can be performed using an oxalic acid bath under a treatment condition of a bath temperature of 20 ° C., a current density of 2 A / dm 2 , and a time of 20 minutes.
- the base treatment is not limited to these, and for example, chemical conversion treatment may be performed.
- hollow particles, a filler material, and a glass precursor solution are prepared as a heat insulating layer material (step S3).
- the hollow particles the above-mentioned shirasu balloon, silica balloon or the like can be used.
- the filler material fibrous inorganic oxides, transition metal oxides, and the like can be used, and specifically, potassium titanate fibers can be suitably used.
- the glass precursor may be any material that can obtain a vitreous material mainly composed of silicic acid by heat treatment, and a silicon alkoxide solution (for example, G-90 manufactured by Izumo Co., Ltd.) can be used. .
- a mixed solution is prepared by stirring and mixing these materials (step S4).
- the mixed solution is applied to the top surface of the piston body using a spray, a brush, a spin coat or the like (step S5).
- the glass precursor is cured as a vitreous material by performing a heat treatment on the applied mixed solution (step S6).
- the heat treatment performed here is a heat treatment performed at 90 ° C. or more and 160 ° C. or less for 40 minutes with respect to the applied mixture.
- the heat treatment conditions can be appropriately adjusted within the above range depending on the material of the glass precursor. For example, when G-90 manufactured by Izumo Co., Ltd. is used, first, heat treatment is performed at about 100 ° C. for about 10 minutes to remove the solvent and moisture in the mixed solution and dry, and then at about 150 ° C. By performing a heat treatment for about 30 minutes, the glass precursor is cured as a vitreous material mainly composed of silicic acid.
- the heat insulating layer containing the hollow particles, the filler material, and the vitreous material can be formed on the top surface of the piston body that is the surface of the member facing the engine combustion chamber.
- the vitreous material is a non-powdered material obtained by vitrifying the glass precursor solution by heat treatment, and the gap between the hollow particles and the gap between the hollow particles and the filler material are formed. They are connected to each other so as to fill. For this reason, this heat insulation layer is not porous, can prevent the permeation of fuel, can maintain heat insulation for a long time, and can improve the thermal efficiency of the engine.
- heat insulating layers containing hollow particles at a volume ratio of 0 vol%, 40 vol%, 60.7 vol%, 67.8 vol%, or 75 vol% were prepared as the heat insulating layers.
- the heat insulation layer was obtained by the method.
- the heat insulating layer was formed on an aluminum alloy substrate.
- the thermal diffusivity (m 2 / s), density (kg / m 3 ), and weight specific heat (kJ / kg ⁇ K) were measured for each of the obtained heat insulating layers.
- Each of these measurement methods uses a conventional method, specifically, the thermal diffusivity is measured using the laser flash method, the density is measured using the Archimedes method, and the specific heat by weight is the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC method). And measured. In addition, the measurement was performed on 25 degreeC conditions.
- the heat conductivity and volume specific heat of the heat insulating layer decrease as the content ratio of the hollow particles in the heat insulating layer increases. Specifically, when the heat insulating layer does not contain hollow particles (0 vol%), the thermal conductivity was 0.63 W / m ⁇ K and the volume specific heat was 2159 kJ / m 3 ⁇ K. When the content ratio was increased to 40 vol%, the thermal conductivity was 0.4 W / m ⁇ K, and the volume specific heat was reduced to 1300 kJ / m 3 ⁇ K. Furthermore, when the hollow particle content ratio in the heat insulating layer was increased to 75 vol%, the thermal conductivity was 0.15 W / m ⁇ K, and the volume specific heat was reduced to 400 kJ / m 3 ⁇ K.
- a heat insulation layer (thickness of about 75 ⁇ m) with a hollow particle content of 60.7 vol% was formed on the top surface of the piston, and the endurance test in the high-speed acceleration / deceleration mode was conducted by incorporating the piston in a mass-produced gasoline engine. It was confirmed that there was no isolation of the heat insulation layer and the durability and reliability were high.
- the heat insulation layer according to the present invention it is possible to obtain a heat insulation layer having low thermal conductivity and volume specific heat, high heat insulation performance, and high durability by containing hollow particles. It was suggested.
- the present invention is not limited to the member facing the combustion chamber of the engine, but can be used for forming a heat insulating layer on the surface of various industrial or consumer members.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
図1に示す直噴エンジンEにおいて、符号1はピストン、符号3はシリンダブロック、符号5はシリンダヘッド、符号7はシリンダヘッド5の吸気ポート9を開閉する吸気バルブ、符号11は排気ポート13を開閉する排気バルブ、符号15は燃料噴射弁である。エンジンの燃焼室は、ピストン1の頂面、シリンダブロック3、シリンダヘッド5、吸排気バルブ7,11のバルブヘッド面(燃焼室に臨む面)で形成される。ピストン1の頂面には、キャビティ17が形成されている。なお、点火プラグ、及びシリンダライナの図示は省略している。
次に、エンジン燃焼室に臨む部材表面に形成された断熱層の構成について図2及び図3を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態においては、エンジン燃焼室に臨む部材表面として上記ピストンの頂面に形成された断熱層について説明するが、シリンダブロック等の他のエンジン燃焼室に臨む部材表面に形成された断熱層も同様の構成とすることができる。
次に、上記の断熱層をエンジン燃焼室に臨む部品表面であるピストンの頂面に形成する方法について図4を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下では、ピストン本体の頂面に断熱層を形成する方法を説明するが、シリンダブロックなど他のエンジン部材においてもピストン本体の場合と同様の方法で断熱層を形成することができる。
以下に、上記製造方法により得られた本実施形態に係るエンジン燃焼室に臨む部材表面の断熱層における中空粒子含有割合と、断熱層の熱伝導率及び体積比熱との関係について検討した結果について説明する。ここでは、断熱層における中空粒子の含有比率が0vol%から75vol%までの範囲で異なる断熱層を作製し、その中空粒子量の差による断熱層の熱伝導率及び体積比熱を比較した。具体的に、断熱層として、それぞれ中空粒子を0vol%、40vol%、60.7vol%、67.8vol%又は75vol%の体積比率で含む5種類の断熱層を作製した。このとき、フィラー材とガラス質材の含有比は、断熱層における中空粒子を除く残部において、体積比でフィラー材:ガラス質材=7:93で一定となるように調整した。
3 シリンダブロック
5 シリンダヘッド
7 吸気バルブ
11 排気バルブ
19 ピストン本体
19a 頂面
21 断熱層
23 中空粒子
25 フィラー材
27 ガラス質材
Claims (11)
- 部材表面に設けられた断熱層であって、
前記断熱層は、無機酸化物からなる中空粒子と、フィラー材と、ケイ酸を主体とするガラス質材とを含み、
前記ガラス質材は、非粉末状態であり、前記中空粒子と前記フィラー材とを覆うと共にそれらを互いに結合していることを特徴とする部材表面の断熱層。 - 前記中空粒子と前記フィラー材と前記ガラス質材との体積比率(vol%)は、中空粒子:フィラー材:ガラス質材=40~75:1~5:23~58の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 前記中空粒子と前記フィラー材と前記ガラス質材との質量比率(mass%)は、前記ガラス質材が最も大きく、且つ、中空粒子:フィラー材:ガラス質材=17~48:5~14:44~75の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 熱伝導率が0.15W/m・K以上0.4W/m・K以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 体積比熱が400kJ/m3・K以上1300kJ/m3・K以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 前記中空粒子は、少なくともシリカ及びアルミナのいずれかを主成分とし、メディアン径が5μm以上30μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 前記フィラー材は、少なくとも繊維状無機酸化物及び遷移金属酸化物のいずれかからなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 前記部材がエンジン燃焼室に臨むエンジン部材であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の部材表面の断熱層。
- 部材表面の断熱層の製造方法であって、
前記断熱層を形成する部材を準備する工程と、
熱処理によりガラス質材となる前駆体を含有する溶液と、中空粒子と、フィラー材とを混合する工程と、
前記混合された混合物を前記部材表面に塗布する工程と、
前記塗布された混合物に対して90℃以上160℃以下で40分以内の熱処理を行うことにより、前記前駆体をガラス質材に変化させる工程とを備えていることを特徴とする部材表面の断熱層の製造方法。 - 前記前駆体としてシリコンアルコキシドを用いることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の部材表面の断熱層の製造方法。
- 前記部材がエンジン燃焼室に臨むエンジン部材であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の部材表面の断熱層の製造方法。
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DE112014000847.8T DE112014000847T5 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-04 | Wärmeisolierende Schicht auf einer Komponentenoberfläche und Verfahren zum Herstellen derselben |
CN201480021894.0A CN105121824A (zh) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-04 | 部件表面的绝热层及其制造方法 |
US14/431,144 US20160025035A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-04 | Heat-insulating layer on surface of component and method for fabricating same |
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