WO2014208597A1 - フッ素含有電解液の処理方法 - Google Patents
フッ素含有電解液の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014208597A1 WO2014208597A1 PCT/JP2014/066837 JP2014066837W WO2014208597A1 WO 2014208597 A1 WO2014208597 A1 WO 2014208597A1 JP 2014066837 W JP2014066837 W JP 2014066837W WO 2014208597 A1 WO2014208597 A1 WO 2014208597A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/20—Halides
- C01F11/22—Fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safe treatment method for non-aqueous electrolytes used in lithium ion batteries and the like.
- Electrolytic solutions used in lithium ion batteries and the like contain fluorine compounds (LiPF 6 , LiBF 4, etc.) that serve as electrolytes and volatile organic solvents, which are mainly carbonates. It is a flammable substance. Moreover, when LiPF 6 reacts with water, it hydrolyzes to generate toxic hydrogen fluoride. For this reason, a safe processing method is required.
- fluorine compounds LiPF 6 , LiBF 4, etc.
- the following treatment methods are known as a treatment method for a lithium ion battery and its electrolytic solution.
- A Lithium-ion battery etc. is frozen below the melting point of the electrolytic solution, the battery is disassembled and crushed, the electrolytic solution is separated from the crushed material in an organic solvent, and the extracted electrolytic solution is distilled to separate it into an electrolyte and an organic solvent Treatment method (Patent Document 1), (b) roasting used lithium batteries, crushing the roasted material and separating it into magnetic and non-magnetic materials, and those having a large amount of useful metals such as aluminum and copper Treatment method (Patent Document 2), (c) A lithium battery is opened with ultra-high pressure water, and an electrolytic solution is recovered using an organic solvent (Patent Document 3).
- the treatment method (a) is difficult to implement because it requires a refrigeration facility to disassemble and crush the lithium battery under refrigeration.
- fluorine is treated as a combustion gas in the roasting process of the lithium battery. Therefore, a highly pure fluorine component cannot be recovered, and fluorine cannot be reused.
- the treatment method (c) the treatment of the recovered electrolyte solution becomes a problem. Specifically, the electrolytic solution contains a flammable organic solvent, and the fluorine compound in the electrolytic solution reacts with water to generate toxic hydrogen fluoride. Therefore, a safe treatment of the electrolytic solution is required.
- cleaning containing an organic solvent becomes a problem.
- a high-temperature acid is added to the solution after washing to decompose LiPF 6 into phosphoric acid and fluorine, and slaked lime is added thereto to produce Ca fluoride and Ca phosphate. Since the solid content produced is a mixture of Ca fluoride and Ca phosphate, it is difficult to reuse.
- the present invention has solved the problems in the conventional processing method, a method for safely processing the electrolyte containing volatile fluorine compound (LiPF 6 or the like) and an organic solvent.
- This invention provides the processing method of the fluorine-containing electrolyte solution which consists of the following structures.
- a method for treating an electrolytic solution containing a fluorine compound and an organic solvent, wherein the used battery containing the electrolytic solution is washed with a washing solvent to extract the electrolytic solution, and the washing obtained in the washing step A post-cleaning liquid recovery step for recovering the post-liquid, a vaporization step for vaporizing volatile components contained in the recovered post-cleaning liquid under reduced pressure, and a fluorine component contained in the gas obtained in the vaporization step reacting with calcium to form a fluorine.
- a method for treating a fluorine-containing electrolytic solution comprising: a calcium fluoride recovery step for recovering calcium fluoride, and an organic solvent component recovery step for recovering an organic solvent component contained in the gas obtained in the vaporization step.
- a small amount of water or dilute mineral acid is added to the post-cleaning liquid, and then heated under reduced pressure, and the fluorine component is hydrolyzed by hydrolysis of LiPF 6 contained in the post-cleaning liquid.
- the gas obtained in the vaporization step is cooled to a condensate, and the organic solvent component is separated and recovered from the condensate, and the fluorine component contained in the condensate or the gas obtained in the vaporization step.
- the used battery is washed with a washing solvent to extract the electrolyte inside the battery, so that the amount of electrolyte LiPF 6 and the organic solvent of the electrolyte remaining in the battery is reduced, and fluorine and Most of the organic solvent can be recovered. Moreover, a used battery can be processed safely.
- calcium fluoride having a purity of 80% or more can be recovered, and can be recycled as a raw material for producing hydrofluoric acid or a raw material for cement. Furthermore, since the organic solvent component recovered by the treatment method of the present invention is separated from fluorine, no harmful substances such as hydrogen fluoride are generated when used as a fuel and can be used safely. In addition, the battery body after washing can be recycled by crushing and sorting.
- the schematic process drawing of the processing method of the present invention The schematic process drawing which shows the aspect of a collection
- the treatment method of the present embodiment is a treatment method for an electrolytic solution containing a fluorine compound and an organic solvent, wherein the used battery containing the electrolytic solution is washed with a washing solvent to extract the electrolytic solution, and the washing A post-cleaning liquid recovery process for recovering the post-cleaning liquid obtained in the process, a vaporization process for vaporizing a volatile component contained in the recovered post-cleaning liquid under reduced pressure, and a fluorine component contained in the gas obtained in the vaporization process for calcium.
- the processing method of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
- Electrolytic solutions used in lithium ion batteries and the like contain an electrolyte fluorine compound and an organic solvent.
- the fluorine compound is mainly lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 )
- the organic solvent is dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- the washing solvent is preferably an organic solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or lower.
- the washing solvent include carbonates, and more preferable examples include diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate.
- the carbonates contained in the electrolytic solution can be recovered from the used battery and reused as a cleaning solvent by the treatment method of this embodiment or other methods. It is preferable to reuse the carbonic acid esters in the electrolytic solution as a cleaning solvent because the cost can be reduced.
- the cleaning step may be performed by a method of repeatedly extracting the liquid after injecting the cleaning solvent into the battery cell after opening the battery, or a method of repeatedly immersing the battery from which the electrode material has been removed in the cleaning solvent. it can.
- a lithium ion battery or the like is provided with a safety valve for lowering the excessive internal pressure. Therefore, in the case of a metal can with a hard battery case, it is preferable to open the safety valve and inject the cleaning solvent organic solvent.
- the electrode material may be taken out by cutting and immersed in a cleaning solvent.
- the battery cell is rotated, vibrated, and depressurized to remove bubbles inside the battery.
- the extraction of the electrolytic solution may be promoted by irradiation with a combination of these.
- the extraction of the electrolytic solution may be promoted by stirring after the immersion, applying vibration, irradiating ultrasonic waves, or a combination thereof.
- the amount of the washing solvent used is preferably 1 to 20 times the weight of the electrolyte solution, and more preferably 2 to 6 times. When the amount of the washing solvent is less than this, the washing effect is small, and when the amount of the washing solvent is more than this, the treatment of the solution after washing becomes complicated.
- the washed liquid extracted from the battery is placed in a sealed container and heated, and the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) and the organic solvent component contained in the washed liquid are vaporized under reduced pressure.
- the boiling point of DMC is 90 ° C.
- the boiling point of EMC is 109 ° C.
- the boiling point of DEC is 127 ° C.
- the boiling point of PC is 240 ° C. at an atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
- the boiling point of is 244 ° C., but vaporizes below these boiling points under reduced pressure.
- the post-cleaning solution becomes 170 ° C. to 251 ° C. Therefore, DMC, EMC, DEC, PC, EC and hydrogen fluoride can be vaporized.
- the pressure may be lower than 5 kPa, for example, reduced to 1 kPa to 0.1 kPa and heated to 80 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- LiPF 6 reacts sequentially with water to hydrolyze into lithium fluoride, phosphoric acid and hydrogen fluoride as shown in the following formula.
- the amount of water added is preferably 0.5% to 10% of the solution after washing, more preferably 1% to 3%.
- the water to be added may be either liquid or gas (water vapor).
- a method for adding water a method of adding in advance, a method of adding sequentially during the reaction, a method of supplying continuously, a method combining these, or the like can be used.
- the decomposition of LiPF 6 can be similarly promoted by adding a small amount of dilute mineral acid to the electrolytic solution.
- mineral acid sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and the like can be used.
- concentration of the mineral acid is suitably from 0.1M to 5M, and the addition amount is preferably from 0.5% to 10%, more preferably from 1% to 5% of the solution after washing. If the concentration is higher than this, since sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are volatilized and recovered simultaneously when vaporized under reduced pressure, the purity is reduced when fluorine is recovered as calcium fluoride, which is not preferable.
- the vaporizer it is preferable to use a vaporizer having a facility for heating a sealed container for storing the liquid after washing. Then, it is preferable to supply a post-cleaning solution and a small amount of water or diluted mineral acid through the opening of the sealed container and guide the vaporized gas to a calcium fluoride recovery process through a pipe connected to the opening.
- the residual liquid after vaporization contains LiF and phosphoric acid generated by the decomposition of LiPF 6 , these can be recovered in another processing step.
- the treatment method of the present embodiment includes a calcium fluoride recovery step in which a fluorine component (mainly hydrogen fluoride) contained in the vaporized gas is reacted with calcium to obtain calcium fluoride, and an organic contained in the vaporized gas.
- the vaporized gas can be cooled to a condensate, the organic solvent component can be separated from the condensate and recovered, and the fluorine component contained in the condensate can be reacted with calcium to be recovered as calcium fluoride.
- the fluorine component in gas can react with calcium in the state of vaporization gas, calcium fluoride can be produced
- a mode of the recovery process is shown in FIG.
- the vaporized gas is introduced into a cooler and condensed to obtain a condensate, the condensate is guided to a water-cooled trap, and hydrogen fluoride in the gas is absorbed into the water phase.
- the organic solvent component (oil content) contained in the condensate is collected while floating on the surface of water.
- the separated organic solvent component is extracted and recovered. Since the aqueous phase that has absorbed hydrogen fluoride is hydrogen fluoride water having a pH of 2 or less, a calcium compound (calcium carbonate, slaked lime, quicklime, etc.) is added thereto to neutralize the solution to pH 5.5 to 7.0. Fluorine in it reacts with calcium to precipitate calcium fluoride.
- the calcium fluoride is recovered by solid-liquid separation.
- the vaporized gas is introduced into a cooler to condense, and this condensate is collected in a container. Since this condensate contains hydrogen fluoride, it is strongly acidic with a pH of 2 or less. A calcium compound is added to this condensate to neutralize to pH 5.5 to 7.0, and fluorine and calcium in the liquid are reacted to precipitate calcium fluoride. This is subjected to solid-liquid separation to recover a liquid organic solvent and solid calcium fluoride.
- the vaporized gas is introduced into the calcium-containing liquid, the fluorine component in the gas is absorbed into the calcium-containing liquid, the generated calcium fluoride is separated, and passes through the calcium-containing liquid.
- the condensed gas is introduced into a cooler and condensed, and the condensate is collected to recover the organic solvent component.
- the calcium-containing liquid solutions of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and the like can be used.
- the solvent of the calcium-containing liquid diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or the like can be used.
- the concentration of the calcium-containing liquid is preferably 1% to 40%, and preferably 5% to 25%. Is more preferable.
- the produced calcium fluoride can be recovered by volatilizing the liquid or by separating it into solid and liquid. The separated liquid can be replenished with a new calcium compound and used again as a calcium-containing liquid.
- the vaporized gas is passed through a packed bed of calcium compounds, and fluorine in the gas is reacted with calcium to generate calcium fluoride.
- This calcium fluoride is extracted from the packed bed and used by replenishing the packed bed with a new calcium compound. Meanwhile, the gas that has passed through the packed bed is cooled and condensed. Since the condensate is mainly an organic solvent component, it is recovered.
- the phosphorus concentration was measured by ICP-AES.
- the fluorine concentration was measured by the fluoride ion electrode method.
- the organic component was measured with a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer.
- Example 1 Washing
- Diethyl carbonate (DEC) is used as an organic solvent for the cleaning liquid, and this is injected into a used lithium ion battery having a weight of 1.67 kg. The inside is depressurized to 20 kPa and defoamed, followed by ultrasonic irradiation for 3 minutes. It was. After washing, the liquid was sucked out of the battery. The operation of extracting the liquid after washing from the injection of the organic solvent was repeated 5 times. Table 1 shows the number of washings, the amount of injected organic solvent, the amount of collected post-washing liquid, and the phosphorus concentration (phosphorus weight) contained in the post-washing liquid.
- DEC Diethyl carbonate
- Fluorine and phosphorus in the electrolyte PF 6 - forms a complex can not be the concentration measurement of fluorine by fluoride ion electrode in this embodiment, showing the cleaning effect by the phosphorus index instead of fluorine.
- Example 2 Vaporization and recovery
- 373 g of the washed liquid extracted in Example 1 is put in a sealed container, 20 g of water is added, the pressure is reduced at an oil bath temperature of 120 ° C. and a pressure of 20 kPa for 2 hours, and the organic solvent and hydrogen fluoride contained in the washed liquid are vaporized. I let you.
- This vaporized gas was introduced into a cooler and cooled and condensed to 2 ° C. according to the recovery step shown in FIG. 2 (B), and 325 mL of condensate was recovered.
- the fluorine concentration of the condensate was 14400 mg / L and pH 1.0. To this was added 13.0 g of calcium carbonate to form a precipitate.
- the solid-liquid separated precipitate was confirmed to be calcium fluoride by powder X-ray diffraction.
- the recovered amount of calcium fluoride was 10.3 g (the recovered amount of fluorine was 4.59 g) and the purity was 91.2%, and it could be used as a raw material for producing hydrofluoric acid.
- the concentration of fluorine in the liquid phase after solid-liquid separation was 30 mg / L.
- the liquid phase was 93% diethyl carbonate (DEC), 3% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) derived from the electrolyte, 1.5% ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 2% residual moisture, and other 0% It was a liquid containing 5%. 315 g of this mixed solvent was recovered.
- Example 3 Reuse of DEC
- DEC diethyl carbonate
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年6月28日に、日本に出願された特願2013-136495号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
〔1〕フッ素化合物および有機溶媒を含む電解液の処理方法であって、前記電解液を含む使用済み電池を洗浄溶媒で洗浄して前記電解液を抽出する洗浄工程、前記洗浄工程で得た洗浄後液を回収する洗浄後液回収工程、回収した前記洗浄後液に含まれる揮発成分を減圧下で気化する気化工程、前記気化工程で得たガスに含まれるフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収するフッ化カルシウム回収工程、及び前記気化工程で得たガスに含まれる有機溶媒成分を回収する有機溶媒成分回収工程を有することを特徴とするフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
〔2〕前記洗浄溶媒が炭酸エステル類であり、前記洗浄後液回収工程で回収した電解液中の炭酸エステル類を、精製後に洗浄溶媒として再利用する、前記〔1〕に記載のフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
〔3〕前記気化工程において、前記洗浄後液に少量の水または希薄な鉱酸を添加した後に減圧下で加熱して、前記洗浄後液に含まれているLiPF6の加水分解によってフッ素成分の気化を促進する、前記〔1〕または〔2〕に記載するフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
〔4〕前記気化工程で得たガスを冷却して凝縮液にし、前記凝縮液から有機溶媒成分を分離して回収し、前記凝縮液に含まれるフッ素成分、あるいは前記気化工程で得たガス中のフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収する、前記〔1〕~〔3〕の何れか1項に記載するフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
以下、本発明の一実施形態を説明する。なお、%は質量%である。
本実施形態の処理方法は、フッ素化合物および有機溶媒を含む電解液の処理方法であって、前記電解液を含む使用済み電池を洗浄溶媒で洗浄して前記電解液を抽出する洗浄工程、前記洗浄工程で得た洗浄後液を回収する洗浄後液回収工程、回収した前記洗浄後液に含まれる揮発成分を減圧下で気化する気化工程、前記気化工程で得たガスに含まれるフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収するフッ化カルシウム回収工程、前記気化工程で得たガスに含まれる有機溶媒成分を回収する有機溶媒成分回収工程を有することを特徴とするフッ素含有電解液の処理方法である。本実施形態の処理方法を図1に示す。
本実施形態の処理方法では、リチウムイオン電池などから安全に電解液を取り出すために、使用済みのリチウムイオン電池などを放電した後に、この使用済み電池を洗浄溶媒で洗浄して電池内部の電解液を抽出する。
洗浄溶媒は沸点150℃以下の有機溶媒が好ましい。洗浄溶媒として例えば、炭酸エステル類を挙げることができ、より好ましくは、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸ジメチル,炭酸エチルメチル,エタノール,メタノール,メチルエチルケトン,アセトン,イソプロピルアルコール,酢酸エチル等を挙げることができる。
さらに、電解液に含まれる炭酸エステル類を、本実施形態の処理方法あるいは他の方法によって使用済み電池のから回収して洗浄溶媒に再利用することができる。電解液中の炭酸エステル類を洗浄溶剤に再利用すれば、コストを低減することができるので好ましい。
洗浄後、洗浄後液を回収する。洗浄後液には電解液が抽出されており、従って電解質のフッ素化合物(LiPF6)と、有機溶媒(DMC、EMC、DEC、PC、EC等)が含まれている。
洗浄後は前記開孔を下向きにして電池から洗浄後液を抜き出し、あるいは前記開孔から洗浄後液を吸引して抜き出す。電池を洗浄溶媒に浸漬して洗浄する方法では、電池を引き上げて洗浄後液を回収する。洗浄を繰り返すことによって電池内部に残留する電解液量を低減することができる。
電池から抜き出した洗浄後液を密閉容器に入れて加熱し、洗浄後液に含まれているフッ素化合物(LiPF6)および有機溶媒成分を減圧下で気化させる。有機溶媒のうち炭酸エステル類については、常圧(101.3kPa)において、DMCの沸点は90℃、EMCの沸点は109℃、DECの沸点は127℃、PCの沸点は240℃であり、ECの沸点は244℃であるが、減圧下ではこれらの沸点以下で気化する。具体的には、例えば、5kPaの減圧下で80℃~150℃に加熱すると、洗浄後液は170℃~251℃の状態になるので、洗浄後液に含まれるDMC、EMC、DEC、PC、EC、およびフッ化水素を気化させることができる。なお、5kPaより低く、例えば1kPa~0.1kPaに減圧して80℃~120℃に加熱しても良い。
LiPF6+H2O → LiF+2HF(↑)+POF3
POF3+H2O → HPO2F2+HF(↑)
HPO2F2+H2O → H2PO3F+HF(↑)
H2PO3F+H2O → H3PO4+HF(↑)
本実施形態の処理方法は、気化したガスに含まれるフッ素成分(主にフッ化水素)をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収するフッ化カルシウム回収工程、および気化したガスに含まれる有機溶媒成分を回収する有機溶媒成分回収工程を有する。気化したガスは冷却して凝縮液にし、前記凝縮液から有機溶媒成分を分離して回収し、さらに前記凝縮液に含まれるフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収することができる。または、気化ガスの状態でガス中のフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムを生成させ、これを回収することができる。また、回収した有機溶媒成分は精製して本実施形態の洗浄溶媒として利用することができる。回収工程の態様を図2に示す。
洗浄液の有機溶媒として炭酸ジエチル(DEC)を用い、これを重量1.67kgの使用済みリチウムイオン電池に注入し、内部を20kPaに減圧して脱泡処理し、続いて超音波照射を3分間行った。電池内部から洗浄後液を吸引して抜き出した。この有機溶媒注入から洗浄後液抜き出しの操作を繰り返し5回行った。洗浄回数、有機溶媒の注入液量、回収した洗浄後液の量、洗浄後液に含まれるリン濃度(リン重量)を表1に示す。電解液中のフッ素およびリンはPF6 -錯体を形成しており、この形態ではフッ化物イオン電極によるフッ素の濃度測定ができないので、フッ素に代えてリンを指標にして洗浄効果を示す。
表1に示すように、5回の洗浄で、合計2.323gのリン(このリン量に相当する電解質)を電池から抜き出した。廃電池の重量は12.9g(=376.5g-363.6g)減少した。
実施例1で抜き出した洗浄後液373gを密閉容器に入れ、水20gを添加し、オイルバス温度120℃、圧力20kPaで2時間減圧し、洗浄後液に含まれる有機溶媒およびフッ化水素を気化させた。
この気化ガスを、図2(B)に示す回収工程に従い、冷却器に導入して2℃に冷却凝縮し、凝縮液325mLを回収した。凝縮液のフッ素濃度は14400mg/L、pH1.0であった。これに炭酸カルシウム13.0gを加えて沈澱を生成させた。固液分離した沈澱は粉末X線回折によってフッ化カルシウムであることを確認した。フッ化カルシウムの回収量10.3g(フッ素の回収量4.59g)、純度91.2%であり、フッ酸製造原料として利用できるものであった。固液分離後の液相のフッ素濃度は30mg/Lであった。また、この液相は濃度93%の炭酸ジエチル(DEC)、電解液由来の炭酸ジメチル(DMC)を3%、炭酸エチルメチル(EMC)を1.5%、残留した水分を2%、その他0.5%を含む液体であった。この混合溶媒315gを回収した。
実施例2で回収した炭酸ジエチル(DEC)を主成分とする混合溶媒を精製して洗浄液の有機溶媒として用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして使用済みリチウムイオン電池の内部を回収した有機溶媒で洗浄し、洗浄後液を電池から抜き出した。洗浄回収5回、各注入液量50g~80g、合計注入液量355.2g、合計回収液量(洗浄後液の液量)367.3g、洗浄後液に含まれるリン合計量2.3gであった。
抜き出した洗浄後液に水20gを添加し、実施例2と同様にしてフッ化カルシウムと有機溶媒を回収した。フッ化カルシウムの回収量10.2g(フッ素の回収量4.54g)、純度90.8%であった。
使用済みリチウムイオン電池にそのまま水20gを注入し、減圧乾燥して電解液を除去した。オイルバス温度120℃、圧力20kPaで2時間減圧し、洗浄後液に含まれる有機溶媒およびフッ化水素を気化させた。その結果、凝縮液161.6gを回収した。この凝縮液のフッ素濃度は15500mg/Lであった。実施例1と同様にして、フッ化カルシウムと有機溶媒を回収した。フッ化カルシウムの回収量5.5g(フッ素の回収量2.45g)、純度90.6%であった。
Claims (4)
- フッ素化合物および有機溶媒を含む電解液の処理方法であって、
前記電解液を含む使用済み電池を洗浄溶媒で洗浄して前記電解液を抽出する洗浄工程、
前記洗浄工程で得た洗浄後液を回収する洗浄後液回収工程、
回収した前記洗浄後液に含まれる揮発成分を減圧下で気化する気化工程、
前記気化工程で得たガスに含まれるフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収するフッ化カルシウム回収工程、及び
前記気化工程で得たガスに含まれる有機溶媒成分を回収する有機溶媒成分回収工程を有することを特徴とするフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。 - 前記洗浄溶媒が炭酸エステル類であり、前記洗浄後液回収工程で回収した電解液中の炭酸エステル類を、精製後に洗浄溶媒として再利用する、請求項1に記載のフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
- 前記気化工程において、前記洗浄後液に少量の水または希薄な鉱酸を添加した後に減圧下で加熱して、前記洗浄後液に含まれているLiPF6の加水分解によってフッ素成分の気化を促進する、請求項1または請求項2に記載のフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
- 前記気化工程で得たガスを冷却して凝縮液にし、前記凝縮液から有機溶媒成分を分離して回収し、前記凝縮液に含まれるフッ素成分、あるいは前記気化工程で得たガス中のフッ素成分をカルシウムと反応させてフッ化カルシウムにして回収する、請求項1~請求項3の何れか一項に記載のフッ素含有電解液の処理方法。
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| CN104852102A (zh) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-19 | 厦门理工学院 | 一种废旧锂离子电池电解液资源化利用和无害化处理方法及装置 |
| CN113644333A (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-12 | 华南师范大学 | 一种回收电池中电解液的装置和方法 |
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| WO2025070799A1 (ja) * | 2023-09-27 | 2025-04-03 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | リチウム含有物の処理方法、及び、リチウム含有物の処理装置 |
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| JP6612506B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-14 | 2019-11-27 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 使用済みリチウムイオン電池の処理方法 |
| JP6162754B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-07-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池の電解質除去方法 |
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