WO2014189115A1 - ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ及び排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ及び排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014189115A1 WO2014189115A1 PCT/JP2014/063611 JP2014063611W WO2014189115A1 WO 2014189115 A1 WO2014189115 A1 WO 2014189115A1 JP 2014063611 W JP2014063611 W JP 2014063611W WO 2014189115 A1 WO2014189115 A1 WO 2014189115A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- inorganic porous
- porous layer
- particulate filter
- thickness
- Prior art date
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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- B01D2255/104—Silver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
- B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diesel particulate filter (referred to as “DPF”) used for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine, and an exhaust gas purifying apparatus using the same.
- DPF diesel particulate filter
- Exhaust gas emitted from diesel engines includes sulfates based on sulfur in the fuel, tar-like particulate matter (referred to as “PM”) derived from incomplete combustion, nitrogen oxides (NOx), etc. include.
- PM tar-like particulate matter
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- an exhaust gas purifying apparatus that collects PM with a DPF and burns and removes the collected PM at an appropriate timing.
- a DPF usually collects PM on the surface of the partition wall when the porous filter substrate having a honeycomb structure forms a skeleton and exhaust gas flows through the partition wall of the substrate. It has become.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-286835
- a granular or monolithic denitration catalyst in which titanium and silver are supported on ⁇ -alumina and an oxidation catalyst are arranged in series in the exhaust path of engine exhaust gas.
- a method for purifying engine exhaust gas is disclosed in which engine exhaust gas is brought into contact with a denitration catalyst in the presence of a fuel reducing agent from which a part of the fuel has been removed, and then brought into contact with an oxidation catalyst.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-239544
- pores composed of inter-particle gaps of 10 nm to 200 nm and the pores of 10 nm or less that communicate with each other are provided on the surface of a porous inorganic substrate such as cordierite.
- a structure is disclosed in which a coat layer made of oxide particles such as alumina having pore communication holes formed by inter-particle gaps is formed, and a catalyst component is supported in the pores of the coat layer.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-112296 discloses an exhaust gas purifying device that purifies exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine, a gas flow path through which the exhaust gas flows, and a large number of exhaust gas purification apparatuses provided in the gas flow path.
- a particulate filter in which the pores of the particulate filter are in contact with exhaust gas, and the introduction surface of the particulate filter that is in contact with the exhaust gas is substantially microporous in which micropores having a pore diameter smaller than the pores are formed.
- An exhaust gas purifying apparatus is disclosed, which is coated with a body, and the microporous body includes a support made of an oxide capable of storing and releasing oxygen and a catalyst containing Ag supported on the support.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-85010 discloses an exhaust gas purifying device for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine, a gas flow path through which the exhaust gas flows, and a large number of exhaust gas purification apparatuses provided in the gas flow path.
- a particulate filter (DPF) in which fine pores are formed, and the introduction surface of the particulate filter that comes into contact with the exhaust gas is substantially entirely formed with fine pores having a pore diameter smaller than that of the fine pores.
- an exhaust gas purification device coated with a microporous material is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-218310 discloses an exhaust gas purification filter including an inflow surface into which exhaust gas containing particulate matter flows, an exhaust surface from which purified gas is exhausted, and a filter base made of a porous body.
- the filter base has a porous partition and a gas flow path surrounded by the partition, and a porous film having a pore diameter smaller than the pores of the partition is provided on the surface of the partition.
- an exhaust gas purification filter is disclosed in which a micro groove having a depth smaller than the thickness of the porous membrane is formed on at least a part of the surface of the porous membrane.
- the present invention relates to a diesel particulate filter in which exhaust gas circulates inside the partition wall of the filter base material, and prevents PM from accumulating on the surface and inside of the filter base material, thereby suppressing an increase in back pressure due to exhaust gas. Therefore, it is intended to propose a new diesel particulate filter that can stably exhibit the PM combustion ability.
- the present invention relates to a diesel particulate filter in which exhaust gas circulates inside a partition wall of a filter base material, which contains a metal oxide or a metal composite oxide and has a thickness of 50% or more of the thickness of the inorganic porous layer.
- a diesel particulate filter (referred to as “DPF”) having a configuration in which an inorganic porous layer having a surface irregularity having a surface is formed on part or all of the surface of the partition wall on the exhaust gas inflow side. Propose.
- the DPF proposed by the present invention has a surface uneven portion having a thickness of 50% or more of the thickness of the inorganic porous layer, PM can be captured and exhausted through a gap formed by the surface uneven portion. Since the gas flows, it is possible to suppress an increase in the back pressure due to the exhaust gas and to improve the combustion efficiency of the accumulated PM particles. Under the present circumstances, the combustion of PM can further be accelerated
- the catalyst for example, silver and silver compound
- the present DPF 1 a diesel particulate filter 1 as an example of an embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described.
- This DPF is an inorganic material containing a metal oxide or a metal composite oxide in a part or all of the surface of the partition wall 2a on the exhaust gas inflow side in the filter base material 2 and having a surface uneven portion on the surface.
- 2 is a diesel particulate filter having a configuration in which a porous layer 5 is formed.
- exhaust gas can flow inside the partition wall 2a of the filter substrate 2, and at this time, PM in the exhaust gas is collected by the inorganic porous layer 5 on the surface of the partition wall 2a, and the inside of the partition wall 2a. PM can be prevented from entering. Moreover, PM collected by the inorganic porous layer 5 can be burned. In addition, at this time, since the exhaust gas can flow through the gaps between the particles in the surface irregularities on the surface of the inorganic porous layer 5, it is possible to suppress the increase in the back pressure due to the exhaust gas and to burn the accumulated PM particles Efficiency can also be improved.
- the filter base material 2 constituting the skeleton of the present DPF has a honeycomb structure and has a plurality of cells 3 communicating in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. It is partitioned and the ends of adjacent cells are alternately sealed. As a result, the gas inflow cell 3A that is open on the upstream side of the exhaust gas and sealed on the downstream side, and the gas outflow cell 3B that is sealed on the upstream side of the exhaust gas and open on the downstream side are interposed via the base material partition wall 2a. It is equipped with the structure formed by adjoining.
- the shape of the filter base 2 of the present DPF is not limited to the above shape.
- a known substrate as a DPF such as a wall-through type, a flow-through honeycomb type, a wire mesh type, a ceramic fiber type, a metal porous body type, a particle filling type, and a foam type.
- the material of the filter substrate 2 may be a porous material made of a refractory material such as ceramics or a metal material.
- Materials for the ceramic substrate include refractory ceramic materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), cordierite, cordierite-alpha alumina, silicon nitride, zircon mullite, spodumene, alumina-silica magnesia, zircon silicate, sillimanite. ), Magnesium silicate, zircon, petalite, alpha alumina and aluminosilicates.
- Examples of the material for the metal substrate include refractory metals such as stainless alloy, Fe—Cr—Al alloy, mullite, alumina, aluminum titanate and the like.
- silicon carbide (SiC) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the penetration of Fe into the base material by Pd.
- the formation density of the cells 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably one in which 10 to 100 cells are formed per 1 cm 2 of the substrate cross section.
- the inorganic porous layer 5 is an inorganic porous layer containing a metal oxide or a metal composite oxide and having an uneven surface portion having a thickness of 50% or more of the thickness of the inorganic porous layer. Is preferred.
- the inorganic porous layer 5 may be formed on the surface of the portion of the partition wall of the gas inflow cell 3A where the exhaust gas passes through the partition wall 2a.
- the metal oxide or metal composite oxide contained in the inorganic porous layer 5 is a metal oxide or metal composite oxide containing one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, silica, zirconium, and cerium. You can list things. For example, an inorganic porous body selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, and titania compounds, or a porous body made of OSC material such as cerium compound, zirconium compound, ceria / zirconia composite oxide can be given.
- a porous body made of a compound selected from alumina, silica, silica-alumina, alumino-silicates, alumina-zirconia, alumina-chromia and alumina-ceria can be mentioned.
- an inorganic porous body made of a cerium-zirconium composite oxide in which the amount of cerium oxide is 5 to 50% by weight is particularly preferable.
- the inorganic porous body may contain an oxide of at least one kind of atom selected from the group consisting of Nb, La, Fe, Y, Pr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sn, and Sr.
- the inorganic porous layer 5 can also contain a silver alloy containing silver and palladium as a catalytically active component. If the inorganic porous layer 5 contains a silver alloy containing silver and palladium, PM collected in the inorganic porous layer 5 can be burned more efficiently by the combustion catalytic action of silver.
- silver is preferably contained in an amount of 1 g / L or more with respect to the base material volume, and more preferably 1.5 g / L or more or 10 g / L or less, and more preferably 2.0 g / L or more. Further preferred.
- the diffusion of silver at a high temperature can be more effectively suppressed by containing palladium in an amount of 1 wt% or more of the silver alloy. Further, if the palladium content is 75 wt% or less of the silver alloy, the catalytic activity effect of silver is not hindered. From this viewpoint, the ratio of silver to palladium is more preferably 5: 1 to 1: 3.
- the silver alloy may contain elements other than silver and palladium as long as the effects of silver and palladium are not hindered.
- elements other than silver and palladium for example, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, La, Fe, Y, Pr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sn, and Sr or an oxide thereof may be contained.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 35% by mass.
- the silver alloy containing silver and palladium is preferably present in a state of being supported on the inorganic porous body as described above.
- the inorganic porous layer 5 may contain other components such as a binder component and a stabilizer component.
- the binder component include at least one binder component selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 .
- the stabilizer include alkaline earth metals and alkali metals. Among these, one or more metals selected from the group consisting of magnesium, barium, boron, thorium, hafnium, silicon, calcium, potassium, sodium, cesium and strontium can be selected.
- an uneven surface portion having a thickness of 50% or more of the thickness of the inorganic porous layer is formed from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in back pressure due to the exhaust gas by flowing the exhaust gas. It is preferable to do this.
- the thickness of the surface irregularities that is, the height from the bottom of the lowest concave to the convex among the concaves
- the air is exhausted through the gaps in the surface irregularities. Since the gas flows, it is possible to suppress an increase in the back pressure, and it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency of the accumulated PM particles because the exhaust gas flows through the surface irregularities.
- the thickness of the surface irregularities is preferably 50% or more of the thickness of the inorganic porous layer, particularly 60% or more, especially 65% or more, and more preferably 75% or more or 95% or less. Is preferred.
- the thickness of the uneven surface portion of the inorganic porous layer 5 is from the bottom of the lowest recess (the most concave in FIG. 6) to the highest convex (the most convex in FIG. 6) among the recesses.
- the height can be measured using, for example, “3D Real Surface View Microscope VE-8800” manufactured by Keyence Corporation.
- an SEM image is first taken from above with the sample placed horizontally, and then the SEM image is taken again by inclining the sample by a predetermined angle ( ⁇ ).
- the sample is tilted by ⁇ , the movement distance of an arbitrary measurement point is measured on the observation image, the position of the arbitrary measurement point is obtained, and the point corresponding to the arbitrary measurement point is automatically determined from the observation image by several tens of thousands.
- the thickness of the surface irregularities is measured by extracting and calculating points to construct a 3D image.
- the total thickness of the inorganic porous layer can be obtained by SEM imaging of the cross section.
- an inorganic porous body powder made of the above metal oxide or metal composite oxide and water are mixed and wet pulverized.
- a pulverized slurry and other components such as a binder component, a stabilizer component, and a catalytically active component such as a silver alloy containing silver and palladium are added to the pulverized slurry as necessary to prepare a coating composition. It can be formed by coating and baking. Under the present circumstances, the thickness of the surface uneven
- the pulverization energy when pulverizing using a ball mill, the pulverization energy may be controlled by adjusting the size of the ball mill, the ratio of the number of ball mills to the amount of slurry, the number of rotations and the rotation time, etc.
- the thickness of the surface irregularities of the inorganic porous layer 5 can be reduced.
- the thickness of the inorganic porous layer 5 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of initial pressure loss after the catalyst coating, and can be exemplified by a thickness of 70 ⁇ m or less, particularly 50 ⁇ m or less. Since the present invention can be preferably used for a catalyst that tends to have high pressure loss, it is more preferably applied to the inorganic porous layer 5 having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the DPF further includes at least one kind of noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Au, and Rh on part or all of the surface of the partition wall of the gas outflow cell 3B. Or you may make it laminate
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 may be provided so as to be embedded from the surface of the partition wall of the gas outflow cell 3B toward the inside, or a part of the noble metal catalyst layer 6 may be provided as a gas outflow cell. It may be provided on the surface of the 3B partition wall so as to be partially embedded.
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 By providing the noble metal catalyst layer 6 on a part or all of the partition walls of the gas outflow cell 3B, CO, HC, and the like, which are unburned fuel added to increase the exhaust gas temperature, can be efficiently removed by the noble metal catalyst layer 6. Can be processed.
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is preferably provided as necessary, and is not necessarily provided.
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 When the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is provided in this way, when the silver in the catalyst layer 5 diffuses and comes into contact with the noble metal in the noble metal catalyst layer 6, the noble metal immediately deactivates the catalytic activity. However, when Pd is contained in the DPF, the diffusion of silver can be suppressed, so that the deactivation of the noble metal can be prevented.
- the noble metal in the noble metal catalyst layer 6 it is preferable to employ any one of Rh, Pt, Pd, Ir, and Au noble metals having higher electronegativity than silver (Ag) alone or in combination.
- Rh, Pt and Pd are preferable, and these are preferably used alone or in combination.
- the noble metal in the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is preferably contained in an amount in the range of 0.01 g to 10 g, particularly 0.1 g or more or 5 g or less with respect to 1 liter of the porous substrate.
- the catalyst contains the noble metal in such an amount, the exhaust gas can be efficiently purified.
- the noble metal is preferably present in a state of being supported on the inorganic porous body.
- the inorganic porous material for example, an inorganic porous material selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina and titania compounds, or a porous material made of an OSC material such as a cerium compound, a zirconium compound, and a ceria / zirconia composite oxide.
- the body can be mentioned. More specifically, for example, a porous body made of a compound selected from alumina, silica, silica-alumina, alumino-silicates, alumina-zirconia, alumina-chromia and alumina-ceria can be mentioned.
- an inorganic porous body made of a cerium-zirconium composite oxide having an amount of cerium oxide of 5 to 50% by weight is particularly preferable.
- the inorganic porous body may contain an oxide of at least one kind of atom selected from the group consisting of Nb, La, Fe, Y, Pr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sn, and Sr.
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 may contain other components such as a binder component and a stabilizer component.
- the binder component include at least one binder component selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 .
- the stabilizer include alkaline earth metals and alkali metals. Of these, one or more metals selected from the group consisting of magnesium, barium, boron, thorium, hafnium, silicon, calcium, and strontium can be selected.
- the thickness of the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is too large, the chance of contact between the noble metal in the noble metal catalyst layer 6 and the exhaust gas is reduced, so that the decomposition efficiency is lowered. If it is too thin, the heat resistance will decrease. From this viewpoint, the thickness of the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the inorganic porous layer 5 As a method of forming the inorganic porous layer 5, first, the inorganic porous body powder made of the above metal oxide or metal composite oxide and water are mixed, and this is wet pulverized to obtain a pulverized slurry. If necessary, other components such as a binder component, a stabilizer component, and a catalytically active component such as a silver alloy containing silver and palladium are added to the pulverized slurry to prepare a coating composition. And this coating composition is apply
- the inorganic porous layer 5 may be formed by baking or reducing, for example, at 400 to 700 ° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere such as air or oxygen-enriched air. However, it is not limited to such a method.
- the thickness of the surface irregularities of the inorganic porous layer 5 can be adjusted by controlling the grinding energy when the slurry is wet-ground.
- the pulverization energy may be controlled by adjusting the size of the ball mill, the ratio of the number of ball mills to the amount of slurry, the number of rotations and the rotation time, etc.
- the thickness of the surface irregularities of the inorganic porous layer 5 can be reduced.
- a silver solution in which silver and palladium are dissolved for example, a silver compound is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a silver solution in which silver is dissolved, while a solution in which palladium is dissolved is mixed with this.
- a silver compound for example, silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver fluoride and the like can be used, and as the solvent, acetic acid, aqueous ammonia and the like can be used.
- a palladium nitrate solution can be used as the solution in which palladium is dissolved.
- reducing agent for example, hydrazine, hydrosulfite, sodium thiosulfate, formalin, potassium nitrite, potassium hydrogen nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, ammonium, glycolose, ferrous citrate solution, tannin
- reducing agent for example, hydrazine, hydrosulfite, sodium thiosulfate, formalin, potassium nitrite, potassium hydrogen nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, ammonium, glycolose, ferrous citrate solution, tannin
- acid for example, hydrazine hydride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium tetrahydroborate, and hypophosphorous acid.
- the inorganic porous layer 5 it is preferable to prevent the silver solution from penetrating into the base material as much as possible. This is because when silver in the silver solution penetrates into the base material and reacts with a base material such as SiC, the silver is deactivated. However, since the base material is porous, it is inevitable that the silver solution penetrates into the base material to some extent.
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 is prepared by adding an inorganic porous body powder such as silica or alumina to a solution in which the noble metal is dissolved to prepare a slurry, which is partly or entirely on the surface of the filter substrate.
- the noble metal catalyst layer 6 may be formed by applying to part or all of the surface of the partition wall of the gas outflow cell 3B, drying, and firing. However, it is not limited to such a method.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus arranges the main DPF in the gas flow passage 10 through which the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine flows, and at the upstream side of the main DPF, Pt , Pd, Ir, Au, and Rh, the first catalyst structure 11 containing at least one kind of noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Ir, Au, and Rh and / or an oxide of the noble metal is disposed, and further, the temperature of the exhaust gas is set on the upstream side. It is preferable to arrange a heating means 12 for adjustment.
- the main DPF and the first catalyst structure 11 may be arranged in the same casing, or the main DPF and the first catalyst structure 11 may be arranged in different casings, respectively. Good.
- the first catalyst structure 11 can be formed using, for example, a porous ceramic base material.
- the porous ceramic substrate can be formed of, for example, cordierite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or the like.
- a metal honeycomb substrate can also be used effectively as a substrate for the first oxidation catalyst 21.
- this porous base material (including the metal honeycomb), it has a form in which a large number of through holes (cells) are formed in the longitudinal direction, and those in which each through hole is partitioned by partition walls are preferably used. be able to.
- the partition wall thickness (T) is preferably in the range of 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the porous substrate preferably has a large contact area with the exhaust gas, and the surface area of the substrate is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 cm 2 / cm 3 . It is preferable to use a porous substrate in which 15 to 200 cells are formed per 1 cm 2 of the cross section of the porous substrate.
- the diameter of such a porous substrate can be appropriately set according to the exhaust gas flow path diameter containing the catalyst, but it is 90 to 98 of the exhaust gas flow path diameter (inner diameter) which is a casing in which the catalyst is provided.
- a porous substrate having a diameter of about% is easy to use, and is preferable because almost all of the exhaust gas is exhausted in contact with the catalyst.
- the first noble metal catalyst body 11 preferably contains any noble metal of Rh, Pt, Pd, Ir, Au alone or in combination. Among these, Rh, Pt, and Pd are preferable, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- These first oxidation catalyst structures 11 contain the noble metal as described above in an amount of 0.1 to 10 g, preferably 1 to 5 g, per 1 liter of the porous substrate volume. It is preferable. When the catalyst contains the noble metal in such an amount, the exhaust gas can be efficiently purified.
- the catalyst component fixed to the porous substrate is preferably present in a state of being supported on the inorganic porous body.
- the inorganic porous material for example, an inorganic porous material selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina and titania compounds, or a porous material made of an OSC material such as a cerium compound, a zirconium compound, and a ceria / zirconia composite oxide.
- the body can be mentioned.
- the first oxidation catalyst can further contain alumina or alumina composite oxide with enhanced heat resistance.
- Heating means When exhaust gas flows through the partition wall 2 a of the filter base 1, PM in the exhaust gas is collected by the inorganic porous layer 5.
- the PM collected by the inorganic porous layer 5 can be heated and burned by the heating means 12.
- heating means 12 examples include a means for directly spraying fuel used in an internal combustion engine.
- the exhaust gas purification device may further have a NOx treatment catalyst (not shown) disposed behind.
- a NOx treatment catalyst (not shown) disposed behind.
- the NOx treatment catalyst By arranging the NOx treatment catalyst, most of the NOx can be treated and exhausted as N2.
- a commonly used urea SCR catalyst or NOx catalyst can be used.
- Example 1 Al 2 O 3 (80 parts by mass) was impregnated with an aqueous silver nitrate solution and an aqueous palladium nitrate solution, and evaporated to dryness at 120 ° C. This was fired at 800 ° C. for 20 hours, and Ag and Pd were alloyed to obtain an AgPd alloy particulate fired powder. At this time, the molar ratio of Ag to Pd in the AgPd alloy was 5: 1. 200 g of this AgPd alloy particulate combustion powder, 500 g of alumina sol having an alumina concentration of 20% by mass, and 300 g of pure water were mixed and wet-ground with a ball mill to obtain an AgPd slurry. At this time, the conditions of the ball mill were an alumina ball mill (size: 5 mm), a ball mill number ratio of 30% with respect to the amount of slurry, a rotation speed of 20 rpm, and a rotation time of 5 hours.
- the pressure was reduced from the outlet side of the DPF, the AgPd slurry was pushed in from the inlet side, and the slurry was injected into the gas inflow cell.
- the excess slurry is removed by suction, dried at 70 ° C. for 3 hours, and then calcined at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to remove paraffin, and the entire surface of the partition wall from the inlet side of the gas inlet cell to the position of 80% in the length direction
- a particulate filter (sample) obtained by forming an inorganic porous layer having surface irregularities was obtained.
- the thickness of the inorganic porous layer was 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 In Example 1, except that the ball mill conditions were changed to an alumina ball mill (size: 5 mm), a ball mill number ratio of 30% with respect to the slurry amount, a rotation speed of 30 rpm, and a rotation time of 5 hours, the same as in Example 1, A particulate filter (sample) was obtained. At this time, the thickness of the inorganic porous layer was 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 In Example 1, except that the ball mill conditions were changed to an alumina ball mill (size: 10 mm), a 30% ball mill number ratio to the amount of slurry, a rotation speed of 20 rpm, and a rotation time of 5 hours, A particulate filter (sample) was obtained. At this time, the thickness of the inorganic porous layer was 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 In Example 1, except that the ball mill conditions were changed to an alumina ball mill (size: 20 nm), a ball mill number ratio of 30% to the slurry amount, a rotation speed of 40 rpm, and a rotation time of 5 hours, the same as in Example 1, A particulate filter (sample) was obtained. At this time, the thickness of the inorganic porous layer was 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 a particulate filter (sample) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wet pulverization by the ball mill was changed to a disk mill (Retsch disk), rotation speed 500 rpm, and rotation time 10 minutes. At this time, the thickness of the inorganic porous layer was 30 ⁇ m.
- a cordierite honeycomb type oxidation catalyst having a diameter of 143.8 mm and a length of 76.2 mm (Pt carrying amount: 2.4 g / L, Pd carrying amount: 0.00 mm) is disposed upstream of the exhaust pipe of the 2.4 L diesel engine. 6 g / L) was installed, and the particulate filter (sample) obtained in the examples and comparative examples was arranged downstream thereof.
- the exhaust gas flows through the gaps due to the surface irregularities. It was found that an increase in back pressure due to exhaust gas can be suppressed. At the same time, it has been found that the combustion efficiency of the accumulated PM particles can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
このようなDPFは、通常、ハニカム構造を呈する多孔質製のフィルタ基材が骨格を為し、該基材の隔壁内部を排気ガスが流通する際に、該隔壁表面でPMを捕集するようになっている。
例えば特許文献1(特開2003-286835号公報)には、エンジン排気ガスの排気路に、γ-アルミナにチタンおよび銀を担持した粒状またはモノリス状の脱硝触媒と酸化触媒とを直列に配置し、エンジン排気ガスを、燃料の一部を取り出した燃料還元剤の存在下に脱硝触媒に接触させ、その後、酸化触媒に接触させるエンジン排気ガスの浄化方法が開示されている。
また、上記特許文献5のように、基材隔壁の表面に、前記隔壁の気孔よりも小さい気孔径の多孔質膜を設けたDPFでは、該多孔質膜の表面にPMが滞留する結果、やはり排ガスの流れが悪くなって背圧が高くなるという課題を抱えていた。
この際、当該無機多孔質層に、PMの燃焼を促進する触媒(例えば銀や銀化合物)を含有させることにより、PMの燃焼をさらに促進させることができる。
本DPFは、フィルタ基材2における、排気ガスが流入する側の隔壁2aの表面の一部又は全部に、金属酸化物又は金属複合酸化物を含有し、かつ表面凹凸部を表面に備えた無機多孔質層5を形成してなる構成を備えたディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタである。
本DPFの骨格をなすフィルタ基材2は、図1及び図2に示すように、ハニカム構造を呈し、排気ガスの流動方向に連通した複数のセル3を有し、各セル3は隔壁で互いに仕切られ、隣接するセルの端部が交互に目封じされている。これにより、排気ガスの上流側を開口し、下流側が封鎖されたガス流入セル3Aと、排気ガスの上流側が封鎖され、下流側が開口してなるガス流出セル3Bとが、基材隔壁2aを介して隣接して配置してなる構成を備えたものとなっている。
セラミック製基材の材質としては、耐火性セラミック材料、例えば炭化ケイ素(SiC)、コージライト、コージライト-アルファアルミナ、窒化ケイ素、ジルコンムライト、スポジュメン、アルミナ-シリカマグネシア、ケイ酸ジルコン、シリマナイト(sillimanite)、ケイ酸マグネシウム、ジルコン、ペタライト(petalite)、アルファアルミナおよびアルミノシリケート類などを挙げることができる。
金属製基材の材質としては、耐火性金属、例えばステンレス合金、Fe-Cr-Al合金、ムライト、アルミナ、チタン酸アルミニウム等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、PdによるFeの基材への浸透抑制効果の観点から、炭化ケイ素(SiC)が特に好ましい。
無機多孔質層5は、金属酸化物又は金属複合酸化物を含有し、且つ、無機多孔質層の厚さの50%以上の厚さを有する表面凹凸部を備えた無機多孔質層であるのが好ましい。
より具体的には、例えばアルミナ、シリカ、シリカ-アルミナ、アルミノ-シリケート類、アルミナ-ジルコニア、アルミナ-クロミアおよびアルミナ-セリアから選択される化合物からなる多孔質体を挙げることができる。
中でも、セリウム酸化物の量が5~50重量%であるであるセリウム-ジルコニウム複合酸化物からなる無機多孔質体が特に好ましい。
また、当該無機多孔質体は、Nb、La、Fe、Y、Pr、Ba、Ca、Mg、SnおよびSrよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の原子の酸化物を含有していてもよい。
無機多孔質層5が、銀及びパラジウムを含む銀合金を含有すれば、無機多孔質層5に捕集されたPMを、銀の燃焼触媒作用により、より効率的に燃焼させることができる。
かかる観点から、銀とパラジウムの比率は5:1~1:3であるのがさらに好ましい。
バインダー成分としては、SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2およびAl2O3よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類のバインダー成分を挙げることができる。
安定剤としては、例えばアルカリ土類金属やアルカリ金属を挙げることができる。中でも、マグネシウム、バリウム、ホウ素、トリウム、ハフニウム、ケイ素、カルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、セシウム及びストロンチウムから成る群から選択される金属のうちの一種又は二種以上を選択可能である。
表面凹凸部の厚さ(すなわち、凹部の中でも一番低い凹部の底から凸部までの高さ)が、無機多孔質層の厚さの50%以上であれば、表面凹凸部の隙間を通じて排気ガスが流れるため、背圧が高くなるのを抑制することができると共に、表面凹凸部に排ガスが流動するとため、滞留したPM粒子の燃焼効率を向上させることもできる。
かかる観点から、表面凹凸部の厚さは、無機多孔質層の厚さの50%以上であるのが好ましく、中でも60%以上、中でも65%以上、その中でも75%以上或いは95%以下であるのが好ましい。
測定原理としては、最初に試料を水平にして上からSEM画像を撮影し、次に、試料を所定角度(θ)傾けて再度SEM画像を撮影する。このように試料をθ傾けて、観察像上で任意の測定点の移動距離を計測して任意の測定点の位置を求め、観察像から任意の測定点に相当する点を自動的に数万ポイント抽出して演算し、3D像を構築することにより、表面凹凸部の厚さを測定するものである。無機多孔質層の全体厚さは断面をSEM撮影して求めることができる。
この際、スラリーを湿式粉砕する際の粉砕エネルギーを制御することで、無機多孔質層5の表面凹凸部の厚さを調整することができる。例えばボールミルを使用して粉砕する場合であれば、ボールミルの大きさ、スラリー量に対するボールミルの個数割合、回転数及び回転時間などを調整して粉砕エネルギーを制御すればよく、粉砕エネルギーを大きくすれば、無機多孔質層5の表面凹凸部の厚さを小さくすることができる。
本DPFは、図3に示すように、さらに前記ガス流出セル3Bの隔壁の表面の一部又は全部に、Pt、Pd、Ir、Au及びRhからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の貴金属および/または該貴金属の酸化物を含む貴金属触媒層6を積層するようにしてもよい。
また、図4に示すように、貴金属触媒層6をガス流出セル3Bの隔壁の表面から内部に向けて埋設するように設けてもよいし、また、貴金属触媒層6の一部をガス流出セル3Bの隔壁の表面に設け、一部を埋設するように設けてもよい。
ガス流出セル3Bの隔壁の一部又は全部に貴金属触媒層6を設けることにより、排ガス温度を上げるために添加した燃料の未燃焼分であるCOやHCなどを、この貴金属触媒層6によって効率的に処理することができる。
但し、該貴金属触媒層6は必要に応じて設けるのが好ましく、必ず設ける必要はない。
より具体的には、例えばアルミナ、シリカ、シリカ-アルミナ、アルミノ-シリケート類、アルミナ-ジルコニア、アルミナ-クロミアおよびアルミナ-セリアから選択される化合物からなる多孔質体を挙げることができる。
また、当該無機多孔質体は、Nb、La、Fe、Y、Pr、Ba、Ca、Mg、SnおよびSrよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の原子の酸化物を含有していてもよい。
バインダー成分としては、SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2およびAl2O3よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類のバインダー成分を挙げることができる。
安定剤としては、例えばアルカリ土類金属やアルカリ金属を挙げることができる。中でも、マグネシウム、バリウム、ホウ素、トリウム、ハフニウム、ケイ素、カルシウムおよびストロンチウムから成る群から選択される金属のうちの一種又は二種以上を選択可能である。
次に、本DPFの製造方法の一例について説明する。
該銀化合物としては、例えば硝酸銀、酢酸銀、フッ化銀などを用いることができ、溶媒としては、酢酸、アンモニア水などを用いることができる。
他方、パラジウムが溶解している溶液としては、例えば硝酸パラジウム溶液などを用いることができる。
次に、前述した本DPFを用いた排気ガス浄化装置(「本排気ガス浄化装置」と称する)について説明する。
第1触媒構造体11は、例えば、多孔質セラミックス製の基材を用いて形成することができる。
多孔質セラミックス製基材は、例えばコージェライト、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素などで形成することができる。また、メタルハニカム基材も第一酸化触媒21の基材として有効に使用することもできる。
隔壁の厚さ(T)は、10~300μmの範囲内にあることが好ましい。
また、この多孔質基材は、排気ガスとの接触面積が大きいことが好ましく、基材の表面積は10~50cm2/cm3の範囲内にあることが好ましい。
このような多孔質基材の断面1cm2あたり、15~200個のセルが形成された多孔質基材を使用することが好ましい。
ここで、無機多孔質体としては、例えばシリカ、アルミナおよびチタニア化合物から成る群から選択される無機多孔質体、或いは、セリウム化合物、ジルコニウム化合物、セリア・ジルコニア複合酸化物などのOSC材からなる多孔質体を挙げることができる。
フィルタ基材1の隔壁2a内部を排気ガスが流通する際、無機多孔質層5で排気ガス中のPMが捕集される。無機多孔質層5で捕集したPMは、加熱手段12によって加熱して燃焼させることができる。
ここで使用されるNOx処理触媒は、通常使用されている尿素SCR触媒やNOx触媒を用いることができる。
本明細書において「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」或いは「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)或いは「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」或いは「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意図も包含する。
Al2O3(80質量部)に、硝酸銀水溶液及び硝酸パラジウム水溶液を含浸させ、120℃で蒸発乾固させた。これを800℃×20時間焼成し、AgとPdを合金化させてAgPd合金パティキュレート焼成粉末を得た。この際、AgPd合金におけるAgとPdのモル比率は5:1であった。
このAgPd合金パティキュレート燃焼粉末200gと、アルミナ濃度20質量%のアルミナゾル500gと、純水300gとを混合し、ボールミルで湿式粉砕し、AgPdスラリーを得た。
この際、ボールミルの条件は、アルミナ製ボールミル(大きさ5mm)、スラリー量に対するボールミルの個数割合30%、回転数20rpm、回転時間5時間で行った。
この際、当該無機多孔質層の厚さは30μmであった。
実施例1において、ボールミルの条件を、アルミナ製ボールミル(大きさ5mm)、スラリー量に対するボールミルの個数割合30%、回転数30rpm、回転時間5時間に変更した以外、実施例1と同様にして、パティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)を得た。この際、当該無機多孔質層の厚さは30μmであった。
実施例1において、ボールミルの条件を、アルミナ製ボールミル(大きさ10mm)、スラリー量に対するボールミルの個数割合30%、回転数20rpm、回転時間5時間に変更した以外、実施例1と同様にして、パティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)を得た。この際、当該無機多孔質層の厚さは30μmであった。
実施例1において、ボールミルの条件を、アルミナ製ボールミル(大きさ20nm)、スラリー量に対するボールミルの個数割合30%、回転数40rpm、回転時間5時間に変更した以外、実施例1と同様にして、パティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)を得た。この際、当該無機多孔質層の厚さは30μmであった。
実施例1において、ボールミルによる湿式粉砕を、ディスクミル(Retsch製ディスク)、回転数500rpm、回転時間10分に変更した以外、実施例1と同様にして、パティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)を得た。この際、当該無機多孔質層の厚さは30μmであった。
測定装置としては、株式会社キーエンス製「3Dリアルサーフェスビュー顕微鏡VE-8800」を用いて、下記条件・手順で、実施例・比較例で得たパティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)における無機多孔質層の表面凹凸部の厚さ(凹凸高さ)を測定した。
倍率:150倍
撮影距離:16.6mm
加速電圧:2kV
検出器:2次電子検出器
雰囲気:真空
(1)実施例・比較例で得たパティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)を、高さ1cm×横2cm×奥行2cmの大きさにサンプリングした。そのとき、無機多孔質層の表面が表面に位置するようにした。
(2)水平状態で上からSEM画像を撮影し、次に角度を5度傾けた状態でSEM画像を撮影した。
(3)撮影したSEM画像から装置付属ソフトにより、無機多孔質層の表面凹凸部の厚さを算出した。
(4)次に、サンプルをセル断面が表面(上側)にくるようにし、SEM画像を撮影した。
(5)撮影したSEM画像から装置付属ソフトにより、無機多孔質層の厚みを算出した。
(6)(3)、(4)で算出された数値より、無機多孔質層の厚みに対する表面凹凸部の厚さの割合(%)={(表面凹凸厚み)/(コート層厚み)}×100を算出した。
実施例・比較例で得たパティキュレートフィルタ(サンプル)について、下記の方法で圧損増加量(ΔkPa/hr)を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
圧損増加量(ΔkPa/hr)=(煤捕集後の圧損‐煤捕集前の圧損)/煤堆積時間
○○○:4.0ΔkPa/hr以下
○○:4.0ΔkPa/hr以上5ΔkPa/hr未満
○:5以上6.5未満
△:6.5以上8未満
×:8ΔkPa/hr以上
Claims (8)
- フィルタ基材の隔壁内部を排気ガスが流通するディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタにおいて、金属酸化物又は金属複合酸化物を含有し、且つ、無機多孔質層の厚さの50%以上の厚さを有する表面凹凸部を備えた無機多孔質層を、排気ガスが流入する側の前記隔壁の表面の一部又は全部に形成してなる構成を備えたディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 排気ガスの上流側を開口し、下流側が封鎖されたガス流入セルと、排気ガスの上流側が封鎖され、下流側を開口してなるガス流出セルとを、基材隔壁を介して隣接して設けてなる構成を有するフィルタ基材を備えたディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタであって、金属酸化物又は金属複合酸化物を含有し、且つ、無機多孔質層の厚さの50%以上の厚さを有する表面凹凸部を備えた無機多孔質層を、前記ガス流入セルの隔壁表面の一部又は全部に形成してなる構成を備えたディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 前記無機多孔質層の表面は、無機多孔質層の厚さの60%以上の厚さを有する表面凹凸部を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 前記無機多孔質層の厚さは、100μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れかに記載のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 前記無機多孔質層は、銀及びパラジウムを含む銀合金を触媒活性成分として含有する請求項1~4の何れかに記載のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ。
- ガス流出セルの隔壁の一部又は全部に、Pt、Pd及びRhのよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の貴金属および/または該貴金属の酸化物を、触媒活性成分として含有する貴金属触媒層を備えた請求項1~5の何れかに記載のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 請求項1~6の何れかに記載のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタを備えた排気ガス浄化装置。
- 内燃機関から排出される排気ガスが流動するガス流通路内において、請求項1~7の何れかに記載のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタの上流側に、Pt、Pd及びRhのよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の貴金属および/または該貴金属の酸化物を含む触媒構造体を備えた排気ガス浄化装置。
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JP2014525251A JP5993009B2 (ja) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ及び排気ガス浄化装置 |
US14/891,747 US9708946B2 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Diesel particulate filter and exhaust gas purification device |
CN201480021469.1A CN105143620B (zh) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | 柴油颗粒过滤器和废气净化装置 |
EP14800503.6A EP3001000B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Diesel particulate filter and exhaust gas purification device |
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CN107261843A (zh) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 蜂窝结构体 |
WO2019065741A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-04 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | パティキュレートフィルタ |
JP2019516541A (ja) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-06-20 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーJohnson Matthey Public Limited Company | 排気ガス浄化用フィルター |
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USD785678S1 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2017-05-02 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Catalyst carrier for exhaust gas purification |
USD780808S1 (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-03-07 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Catalyst carrier for exhaust gas purification |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9708946B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
US20160115835A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
EP3001000A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
JP5993009B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
EP3001000B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
JPWO2014189115A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
EP3001000A4 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
CN105143620B (zh) | 2017-09-19 |
CN105143620A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
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