WO2014185499A1 - 塩化水素の精製方法 - Google Patents
塩化水素の精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014185499A1 WO2014185499A1 PCT/JP2014/062985 JP2014062985W WO2014185499A1 WO 2014185499 A1 WO2014185499 A1 WO 2014185499A1 JP 2014062985 W JP2014062985 W JP 2014062985W WO 2014185499 A1 WO2014185499 A1 WO 2014185499A1
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
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- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28061—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 100-500 m2/g
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- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/07—Purification ; Separation
- C01B7/0706—Purification ; Separation of hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/0718—Purification ; Separation of hydrogen chloride by adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2256/26—Halogens or halogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2047—Hydrofluoric acid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/416—Further details for adsorption processes and devices involving cryogenic temperature treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying hydrogen chloride by-produced when producing chlorodifluoromethane.
- Hydrogen chloride and aqueous hydrochloric acid are used in a wide range of applications such as the production of various chemicals, the production of vinyl chloride and ethylene chloride, and the pickling of steel.
- hydrogen chloride is produced by reacting chlorine and hydrogen generated during salt electrolysis, but in recent years, it has been added to the production of fluorocarbons such as chlorodifluoromethane (hereinafter referred to as “R-22”).
- R-22 chlorodifluoromethane
- the catalyst is poisoned by a fluorine compound, so that the concentration of fluorine ions contained in the hydrogen chloride used is required to be several mass ppm or less.
- concentration of fluorine ions contained in the hydrogen chloride used is required to be several mass ppm or less.
- it is important to efficiently and economically remove highly water-soluble hydrogen fluoride like hydrogen chloride.
- the content of fluorine and its compounds is regulated in accordance with tap water quality standards, etc., and the demand for the amount of fluorine compounds contained has become stricter.
- a purification step comprising supplying a sulfuric acid to remove hydrogen fluoride and the like as hydrofluoric acid; and an absorption step to absorb by-product hydrogen chloride gas contained in the reaction gas after the sulfuric acid washing step into water to form a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.
- Patent Document 2 a method of removing hydrogen fluoride by treating hydrogen chloride gas containing hydrogen fluoride with activated alumina supporting boron oxide is also known (Patent Document 2).
- the present invention is a method for purifying hydrogen chloride produced as a by-product in the production of R-22 and obtaining a purified aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, which can remove fluorine compounds such as hydrogen fluoride with high efficiency, and provides hydrogen chloride. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for purifying hydrogen chloride and a method for obtaining a purified aqueous hydrochloric acid solution that can sufficiently purify the water.
- [2] The method for purifying hydrogen chloride according to [1], wherein the condensate is heated in the gas-liquid separation step.
- [3] The method for purifying hydrogen chloride according to [1] or [2], wherein the adsorbent is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, silane, and chlorosilane.
- [4] The method for purifying hydrogen chloride according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein in the defluorination step, the temperature of the adsorbent is 100 to 120 ° C.
- fluorine compounds such as hydrogen fluoride can be removed with high efficiency from the reaction crude gas containing hydrogen chloride in the production of R-22, hydrogen chloride is sufficiently purified, A purified aqueous hydrochloric acid solution can be obtained.
- the method for purifying hydrogen chloride of the present invention is a reaction crude gas containing R-22 gas and hydrogen chloride gas (hereinafter referred to as “reaction crude gas A”) obtained by reacting chloroform and hydrogen fluoride (HF). From this, hydrogen chloride is purified to obtain a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.
- reaction crude gas A in addition to R-22 and by-product hydrogen chloride, unreacted hydrogen fluoride and chloroform, by-product dichlorofluoromethane (hereinafter referred to as “R-21”), trifluoromethane. (Hereinafter referred to as “R-23”), carbonyl fluoride and the like.
- the method for purifying hydrogen chloride of the present invention comprises the following condensation step, gas-liquid separation step, defluorination step and absorption step.
- Condensation step a step of condensing R-22 gas in reaction crude gas A to obtain condensate B containing R-22 and crude hydrogen chloride gas C containing hydrogen chloride gas.
- Gas-liquid separation step A step of gas-liquid separation of condensate B and crude hydrogen chloride gas C.
- Defluorination step a step of bringing the separated crude hydrogen chloride gas C into contact with an adsorbent that adsorbs the fluorine compound, and adsorbing and removing the fluorine compound in the crude hydrogen chloride gas C to obtain a purified hydrogen chloride gas D.
- Absorption step a step of absorbing hydrogen chloride in hydrogen chloride gas D into water or an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
- the reaction crude gas A obtained by the production of R-22 is supplied to the condenser 12, and the reaction crude gas A is cooled in the condenser 12, whereby the R-22 gas in the reaction crude gas A is cooled.
- R-22 (boiling point ⁇ 40.7 ° C.), R-21 (boiling point 8.92 ° C.), chloroform (boiling point 61.2 ° C.), hydrogen fluoride (boiling point 19.54 ° C.) are condensed.
- low boiling point hydrogen chloride (boiling point ⁇ 85.0 ° C.), R-23 (boiling point ⁇ 82.1 ° C.), carbonyl fluoride (boiling point ⁇ 84.57 ° C.) are mainly produced in the crude hydrogen chloride gas C. included.
- the temperature in the condenser 12 that is, the temperature of the reaction crude gas A in the condensation process, takes into consideration the boiling points of the high-boiler and the low-boiler, and the high-boiler is condensed, and the low-boiler is gaseous. Adjust to temperature.
- the condensation step may be performed under pressure. When the condensation step is performed under pressure, the temperature may be determined in consideration of the boiling points of the high-boiler and the low-boiler under the pressurized condition.
- the condenser 12 is not particularly limited as long as it has a cooling function capable of lowering the temperature of the reaction crude gas A to a predetermined temperature.
- Condensate B containing R-22 and hydrogen chloride crude gas C containing hydrogen chloride gas are sent from the condenser 12 to the distillation tower 14, and the condensate B is heated in the distillation tower 14, so that the condensate B and crude hydrogen chloride are heated.
- Gas C is gas-liquid separated while performing a distillation operation.
- the hydrogen chloride in the condensate B can also be recovered, so that the recovery efficiency of hydrogen chloride is increased. Since the boiling points of R-21, R-22, chloroform and hydrogen fluoride are much higher than those of hydrogen chloride, these high boiling substances and hydrogen chloride do not azeotrope.
- the amount of high boiling substances in the condensate B moving into the crude hydrogen chloride gas C by heating is very small.
- the crude hydrogen chloride gas C containing hydrogen chloride, R-23, and carbonyl fluoride is distilled from the top of the column, and the condensate B containing R-22, R-21, hydrogen fluoride, and chloroform is the bottom of the column. Recovered from.
- the tower bottom temperature is controlled to a temperature at which the amount of evaporation necessary for production can be obtained at the set internal pressure, and flooding is prevented from occurring by raising the tower bottom temperature more than necessary.
- the distillation column 14 is not particularly limited, and a known distillation column can be employed.
- the condensate B In the distillation column 14, most of the high boiling substances such as hydrogen fluoride are contained in the condensate B and separated from the hydrogen chloride by distillation, but the high boiling substances are also contained in the hydrogen chloride crude gas C in a trace amount. . Therefore, in order to increase the purity of hydrogen chloride in the distillate gas, it is preferable to perform a reflux operation by providing a condenser 15 in the distillation column 14 and performing partial condensation.
- the condensate B is recovered from the bottom of the distillation column 14 and sent to a process for separating and purifying R-21, R-22, and the like.
- the temperature of the adsorbent in the defluorination step that is, the temperature in the defluorination tower 18 is preferably 100 to 120 ° C., more preferably 100 to 110 ° C. in the pressure system. Outside this temperature range, the adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent for the fluorine compound tends to decrease.
- the preheater 16 preferably heats the crude hydrogen chloride gas C to 115 to 130 ° C., preferably 120 to 125 ° C. More preferred. However, this temperature depends on the heat dissipation condition of the line.
- the pressure at which the crude hydrogen chloride gas C is brought into contact with the adsorbent is preferably 0.65 to 0.8 MPaG, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8 MPaG.
- the equilibrium adsorption amount in the gas phase adsorption depends on the pressure and reaches equilibrium at about 1000 kPa, but the upper limit of the pressure depends on the design pressure of the defluorination tower.
- the superficial velocity is said to be 0.05 to 0.5 m / second, and it is preferable to use within this range also in the case of adsorption of fluorine compounds.
- the superficial velocity is more preferably 0.10 to 0.30 m / sec.
- the superficial velocity of the crude hydrogen chloride gas C is less than or equal to the upper limit value, a sufficient contact time between the crude hydrogen chloride gas C and the adsorbent is obtained, and the fluorine compound removal efficiency is high.
- the contact time between the hydrogen chloride crude gas C and the adsorbent may be appropriately set in consideration of the fluorine compound removal efficiency, productivity, and the like.
- the adsorbent that adsorbs the fluorine compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, silane, and chlorosilane from the viewpoint of high removal efficiency of hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl fluoride. More preferred is activated alumina. Active alumina includes alumina-alumina gel and alumina-silica gel with silica added to increase the specific surface area. From the point of adsorbing fluorine compounds with high efficiency, alumina-alumina active alumina is More preferred. As a simple level of activated alumina, Al 2 O 3 is preferably 99.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 99.7% by mass or more.
- the particle diameter of the activated alumina is preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 2 to 4 mm.
- the particle diameter of the activated alumina exceeds the upper limit value, the pressure loss is reduced, but the adsorption area is reduced. If the particle diameter of the activated alumina is less than the lower limit value, the adsorption area increases but the pressure loss increases.
- the said particle size is a value prescribed
- the specific surface area of the activated alumina is preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 250 to 300 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area of activated alumina is at least the lower limit value, the fluorine compound removal efficiency is high. If the specific surface area of activated alumina is less than the lower limit, the amount of adsorption decreases.
- the specific surface area is a value measured by a gas adsorption method.
- the activated alumina is preferably one in which purified hydrogen chloride gas is contacted in advance from the viewpoint of high fluorine compound removal efficiency. Specifically, it is preferable to carry out purification of hydrogen chloride after filling the defluorination tower 18 with activated alumina and ventilating the purified hydrogen chloride gas in advance.
- the factor that increases the removal efficiency of the fluorine compound by bringing the purified alumina chloride into contact with the activated alumina in advance is not clear, but the surface of the activated alumina is chlorinated and the aluminum chloride having high affinity with the fluorine compound is the surface. It is thought that this is because high adsorption efficiency can be obtained by the production.
- the purified hydrogen chloride gas that is brought into contact with activated alumina in advance is preferably a hydrogen chloride gas having a fluorine content of 2 mass ppm or less in terms of HF, and more preferably 1 mass ppm or less.
- hydrogen chloride gas obtained in the defluorination step in the purification method of the present invention may be used, and the chloride purified by a method other than the purification method of the present invention may be used.
- Hydrogen gas may be used.
- the time for which the activated alumina is brought into contact with the hydrogen chloride gas in advance is a time until the temperature in the defluorination tower 18, that is, the temperature of the activated alumina reaches an equilibrium in a state where 100% of the hydrogen chloride gas is in contact. .
- the form of the defluorination tower 18 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a single-column fixed bed or a multi-column continuous fixed bed such as a three-column type.
- the fluorine concentration in the hydrogen chloride gas D obtained in the defluorination step is preferably 10 mass ppm or less, more preferably 2 mass ppm or less in terms of HF.
- the hydrogen chloride gas D recovered from the defluorination tower 18 is cooled by the cooler 20 and supplied to the absorption tower 22 to form water or an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “absorption water E”).
- absorption water E aqueous hydrochloric acid solution
- the hydrogen chloride gas D contains R-23, which is a low boiling point substance, but is hardly soluble in water, so it remains in the gas phase and is separated.
- carbonyl fluoride contained in a very small amount in hydrogen chloride gas D is hydrolyzed to become hydrogen fluoride and carbon dioxide gas. Hydrogen fluoride is absorbed by the absorption water E, and the carbon dioxide gas is below the detection limit of gas chromatographic analysis in the gas phase.
- the absorption tower 22 has a hydrogen chloride gas absorption tower 22a to which hydrogen chloride gas D is supplied and a packed tower type recovery tower 22b to which absorption water E is supplied.
- the absorption water E is absorbed by the hydrogen chloride gas absorption tower 22a, and the unabsorbed hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed by the absorption water E by the packed tower type recovery tower 22b.
- the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F obtained by absorbing the hydrogen chloride in the hydrogen chloride gas D by the absorption water E is recovered in the recovery unit 24 from the bottom of the hydrogen chloride gas absorption tower 22a.
- the non-absorbed gas G containing R-23 that has not been absorbed by the absorbed water E is sent to the step of separating and purifying R-23 from the top of the packed tower type recovery tower 22b.
- the hydrogen chloride concentration of the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is preferably azeotropic concentration (normal pressure) or higher, that is, 20% by mass or higher, more preferably 20 to 22% by mass. If the hydrogen chloride concentration of the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution supplied as the absorption water E is in the above range, the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F having a hydrogen chloride concentration of 30 to 40% by mass can be easily recovered from the absorption tower 22.
- the temperature of the absorption water E in the absorption step is preferably equal to or lower than the boiling point of the absorption water E, and more preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
- the higher the pressure the higher the gas solubility, so it is advantageous to operate the absorption tower at a high pressure.
- the pressure in the absorption tower is preferably determined in consideration of the temperature and pressure before and after the absorption tower.
- the contact time between the hydrogen chloride gas D and the absorbed water E may be appropriately set in consideration of the absorption efficiency of hydrogen chloride, productivity, and the like.
- the content of fluorine in the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F obtained in the absorption step is 0.8 mg / L or less, more preferably 0.1 mg / L or less in terms of hydrogen fluoride, from the viewpoint of environment.
- the purification method of the present invention can remove fluorine compounds such as hydrogen fluoride from the reaction crude gas obtained by the production of R-22 with higher efficiency and sufficient hydrogen chloride compared with the conventional purification method. Can be purified. Further, since most of the hydrogen fluoride is removed in the condensation step and the gas-liquid separation step, the life of the adsorbent used in the defluorination step is extended, which is economically advantageous.
- the method for purifying hydrogen chloride and the method for purifying aqueous hydrochloric acid according to the present invention are not limited to the methods described above.
- an inert gas (nitrogen gas, etc.) or air may be passed through the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F obtained in the absorption step to dissipate the hardly soluble volatile components remaining in the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, thereby further removing it.
- Good By making gas-liquid contact with an inert gas or air in the diffusion step, the hardly soluble volatile components (remaining R-22, R-23, chloroform) in the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F are transferred to the gas phase and further removed.
- halogenated organic compounds other than a fluorine type using adsorption agents, such as activated carbon, as needed after an absorption process or a diffusion process.
- adsorption agents such as activated carbon
- Example 1 is an example, and Examples 2 and 3 are comparative examples.
- Composition of reaction crude gas The concentration of the fluorine compound contained in the reaction crude gas used for purification was determined by absorbing the reaction crude gas in water and measuring the fluorine ion concentration with a fluorine ion meter using a fluorine ion selective electrode. The concentration of hydrogen chloride contained in the reaction crude gas was measured by a neutralization titration method by absorbing the reaction crude gas in water. Chloroform was quantified using capillary gas chromatography after absorbing the reaction crude gas in water and extracting organic substances with carbon disulfide.
- the hydrogen fluoride equivalent concentration (HF equivalent concentration) in the gas and the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was obtained by measuring the fluorine ion concentration using the fluorine ion meter and converting it to the hydrogen fluoride concentration.
- Example 1 Hydrogen chloride was purified in the process shown in FIG.
- the defluorination tower 18 a three-column type (first tower, second tower, third tower) continuous fixed bed defluorination tower is used, and the trade name “KHD-24” (Sumitomo Chemical) is used as an adsorbent in each of the three towers.
- KHD-24 Suditomo Chemical
- purified hydrogen chloride gas (HF equivalent concentration: 2 mass ppm) and nitrogen gas were aerated in advance.
- the flow rates of the purified hydrogen chloride gas and nitrogen gas to be passed were changed as shown in Tables (1) to (7).
- the hydrogen chloride gas was vented until the temperature in the defluorination tower 18 (adsorbent temperature) reached equilibrium in a state where 100% hydrogen chloride gas was vented ((7) in Table 1). The temperature in the defluorination tower 18 did not exceed 90 ° C.
- Condensate B containing and hydrogen chloride crude gas C containing hydrogen chloride gas were obtained.
- the condensate B and the hydrogen chloride crude gas C were supplied to the distillation column 14, and the condensate B and the hydrogen chloride crude gas C were gas-liquid separated while the condensate B was heated.
- the pressure in the distillation column 14 was 1.0 MPaG, the heating temperature of the condensate B was 25 ° C., and the temperature of the crude hydrogen chloride gas C distilled from the top of the column was ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the pressure of the crude hydrogen chloride gas C distilled from the top of the distillation column 14 was reduced to 0.7 MPaG, and then heated to 110 ° C. by the preheater 16 and supplied to the defluorination column 18.
- the space velocity of the crude hydrogen chloride gas C was 0.2 m / second, and the contact time between the crude hydrogen chloride gas C and the adsorbent was about 55 seconds in total for the three towers.
- the pressure in the defluorination tower 18 during purification is 0.7 MPaG
- the gas temperature at the outlet of the first deboiling tower is 115 ° C.
- the gas temperature at the outlet of the second deboiling tower is 110 ° C.
- the third degassing tower was 102 ° C.
- the hydrogen chloride gas D recovered from the defluorination tower 18 is cooled to 42 ° C. by the cooler 20, supplied to the absorption tower 22 and brought into contact with demineralized water (absorption water E), and hydrogen chloride in the hydrogen chloride gas D is supplied.
- demineralized water demineralized water
- the flow rate of the absorption water E was 0.0014 m 3 / sec
- the superficial velocity of the hydrogen chloride gas D was 2.5 m / sec
- the contact time between the absorption water E and the hydrogen chloride gas D was 2 sec.
- the temperature of the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution F recovered from the absorption tower 22 was 25 ° C.
- the hydrogen chloride concentration was 36.5% by mass.
- the HF conversion concentration of each gas in the defluorination step is 10.03 mass ppm at the first tower inlet of the defluorination tower 18, 5.52 mass ppm at the first tower outlet, 2.55 mass ppm at the second tower outlet, It was 1.90 mass ppm at the 3rd tower exit, and HF conversion density
- Example 2 Hydrogen chloride was purified in the process shown in FIG.
- the same reaction crude gas A as used in Example 1 was supplied to an activated carbon tank 30 filled with about 7 kg of activated carbon, and the fluorine compound was removed by adsorption.
- the flow rate of the reaction crude gas A was 20 Nm 3 / hour, the tank temperature was 107 ° C., and the tank pressure was 4.7 kg / cm 2 .
- the gas H recovered from the activated carbon tank 30 is cooled to 40 ° C. by the preheater 31 and supplied to the sulfuric acid washing tower 32, and hydrogen fluoride in the gas H reacts with sulfuric acid (HF + H 2 SO 4 ⁇ HSO 3 F + H 2 O) and removed as hydrofluoric acid.
- the hydrogen chloride gas I recovered from the sulfuric acid washing tower 32 is supplied to an absorption tower 34 (a form having a hydrogen chloride gas absorption tower 34a and a packed tower type recovery tower 34b similar to the absorption tower 22), and water (absorbed water E ),
- the hydrogen chloride in the hydrogen chloride gas I was absorbed in water to form an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution F, which was separated from R-21, R-22 and R-23.
- the flow rate of the absorption water E was 0.000011 m 3 / sec
- the superficial velocity of the hydrogen chloride gas I was 1.1 m / sec
- the contact time between the absorption water E and the hydrogen chloride gas I was 2 seconds.
- the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F was recovered in the recovery unit 36.
- the gas J that was not absorbed by the absorption water E was recovered from the top of the packed tower type recovery tower 34b.
- the HF equivalent concentration in the reaction crude gas supplied to the activated carbon tank 30 was 6.6% by mass, and the HF equivalent concentration of hydrogen chloride gas at the outlet of the activated carbon tank 30 was 300 ppm by mass.
- the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F recovered from the absorption tower 34 had a hydrogen chloride concentration of 33 mass% and an HF equivalent concentration of 100 mass ppm.
- Example 3 Example 2 except that water was added to the activated carbon tank 30 (addition amount: 11.4 g / Nm 3 -supplied reaction gas) in order to decompose (COF 2 + H 2 O ⁇ 2HF + CO 2 ) and remove carbonyl fluoride with water.
- an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was obtained. Hydrogen fluoride generated by decomposition of carbonyl fluoride in the activated carbon tank 30 is removed as sulfuric acid in the sulfuric acid washing tower 32.
- the HF equivalent concentration at the outlet of the activated carbon tank 30 was 19 ppm by mass.
- the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution F recovered from the absorption tower 34 had a hydrogen chloride concentration of 33 mass% and an HF equivalent concentration of 6 mass ppm.
- Example 1 in which hydrogen chloride was purified by the purification method of the present invention having the condensation step, the gas-liquid separation step, the defluorination step, and the absorption step, the HF equivalent concentration in the obtained hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was very low. Hydrogen fluoride could be removed with high efficiency.
- Example 2 and Example 3 in which hydrogen chloride was purified by a purification method in which the fluorine compound was removed by adsorption removal with activated carbon and decomposition removal by sulfuric acid washing, the HF equivalent concentration in the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution obtained compared to Example 1 was The removal efficiency of hydrogen fluoride was low.
- the method of the present invention can be used for the purification of hydrogen chloride produced as a by-product in the production of R-22 and the production of a purified aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
- the entire content of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-103270 filed on May 15, 2013 is cited here as disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Incorporated.
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Abstract
Description
R-22等のフロンを製造する際に副生する塩化水素を利用する場合、フッ素化合物を充分に除去する必要がある。例えば、塩化ビニルや塩化エチレンの製造では、フッ素化合物によって触媒が被毒するので、使用する塩化水素中に含まれるフッ素イオン濃度で数質量ppm以下とすることが求められる。特に、塩化水素と同様に水溶性の高いフッ化水素を効率良く、経済的に取り除くことが重要である。また、塩酸水溶液の場合も水道水質基準等においてフッ素及びその化合物の含有量が規制されており、含まれるフッ素化合物の量に対する要求が厳しくなってきている。
(i)塩化水素ガス中の有機化合物を活性炭で吸着分離する精製方法(非特許文献1)
(ii)過去に発明者等が行ったR-22副生塩化水素ガス精製の例であるが、R-22を製造する反応器から回収した副生塩化水素ガスを含む反応粗ガスを、100℃程度に加熱した状態で粒状活性炭充填管に通して、反応粗ガス中に含まれるフッ素化合物を吸着除去する工程と、該吸着除去工程で得られた塩化水素ガスを冷却して硫酸洗浄塔に供給し、フッ化水素等を弗硫酸として取り除く硫酸洗浄工程と、該硫酸洗浄工程後の反応ガスに含まれる副生塩化水素ガスを水に吸収させて塩酸水溶液とする吸収工程と、を有する精製方法。
(iii)R-22製造工程で副生物として排出される、フッ素系化合物を含有してなる塩化水素ガスを精製する方法であり、塩化水素ガスを水または塩酸水溶液に吸収させる吸収工程と、前記吸収工程で得られた塩酸水溶液に空気および/または不活性ガスを通気して難溶性揮発成分を除去するエアレーション工程と、該エアレーション工程後に、塩酸水溶液中のフッ素化合物をシリカゲル等の吸着剤で吸着除去する塩酸水溶液精製工程と、有する方法(特許文献1)。
また、前記方法(iii)では、塩酸水溶液精製工程におけるフッ化水素の除去効率が充分でない。
更に、特許文献2における、酸化ホウ素を担持させた活性アルミナを用いてフッ化水素を除去する方法は、活性アルミナを高頻度で交換する必要があることから経済的に不利であり、またR-22の製造で得られる反応粗ガスから塩化水素を精製するにはフッ素化合物の除去効率が不充分である。
[1]フッ化水素とクロロホルムを反応させて得られる、R-22ガスと塩化水素ガスを含む反応粗ガスから塩化水素を精製する方法であって、
前記反応粗ガス中のR-22ガスを凝縮させ、R-22を含む凝縮液と、塩化水素ガスを含む塩化水素粗ガスを得る凝縮工程と、
前記凝縮液と前記塩化水素粗ガスを気液分離する気液分離工程と、
分離した塩化水素粗ガスを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させ、該塩化水素粗ガス中のフッ素化合物を吸着除去して塩化水素ガスを精製する脱弗工程と、
前記塩化水素ガス中の塩化水素を水または塩酸水溶液に吸収させる吸収工程と、を有する塩化水素の精製方法。
[2]前記気液分離工程において前記凝縮液を加熱する、前記[1]に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[3]前記吸着剤が、活性アルミナ、水酸化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、シラン、およびクロロシランからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である前記[1]または[2]に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[4]前記脱弗工程において、前記吸着剤の温度が100~120℃である、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[5]前記脱弗工程において、分離した塩化水素粗ガスを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させる圧力が0.65~0.8MPaGである、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[6]前記脱弗工程において、分離した塩化水素粗ガスを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させる空塔速度が、0.10~0.30m/秒である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[7]前記吸収工程において、得られる塩酸水溶液中のフッ素含有量がフッ化水素換算で濃度が0.8mg/L以下である、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[8]前記吸収工程において、得られる塩酸水溶液の塩化水素濃度が30~40質量%である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[9]前記吸着剤が、精製した塩化水素ガスを事前に接触させた活性アルミナである前記[1]~[8]に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[10]精製した塩化水素ガスを事前に接触させる活性アルミナの温度が90℃以下である、前記[9]に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
[11]前記[1]~[10]に記載の塩化水素の精製方法を行う塩酸水溶液の製造方法。
反応粗ガスA中には、R-22および副生塩化水素に加えて、未反応のフッ化水素およびクロロホルム、副生物であるジクロロフルオロメタン(以下、「R-21」という。)、トリフルオロメタン(以下、「R-23」という。)、フッ化カルボニル等が含まれる。
凝縮工程:反応粗ガスA中のR-22ガスを凝縮させ、R-22を含む凝縮液Bと、塩化水素ガスを含む塩化水素粗ガスCを得る工程。
気液分離工程:凝縮液Bと塩化水素粗ガスCを気液分離する工程。
脱弗工程:分離した塩化水素粗ガスCを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させ、該塩化水素粗ガスC中のフッ素化合物を吸着除去して精製された塩化水素ガスDを得る工程。
吸収工程:塩化水素ガスD中の塩化水素を水または塩酸水溶液に吸収させる工程。
図1に示すように、R-22の製造で得られる反応粗ガスAを凝縮器12に供給し、凝縮器12において反応粗ガスAを冷却することで反応粗ガスA中のR-22ガスを凝縮させ、凝縮液Bと、塩化水素粗ガスCを得る。
高沸物であるR-22(沸点-40.7℃)、R-21(沸点8.92℃)、クロロホルム(沸点61.2℃)、フッ化水素(沸点19.54℃)は凝縮し、主として凝縮液Bに含まれる。また、低沸物である塩化水素(沸点-85.0℃)、R-23(沸点-82.1℃)、フッ化カルボニル(沸点-84.57℃)は、主として塩化水素粗ガスCに含まれる。
凝縮器12は、反応粗ガスAの温度を所定の温度まで下げることができる冷却機能を有するものであれば特に限定されない。
凝縮器12からR-22を含む凝縮液Bと、塩化水素ガスを含む塩化水素粗ガスCを蒸留塔14に送り、蒸留塔14において凝縮液Bを加熱して、凝縮液Bと塩化水素粗ガスCを蒸留操作を行いながら気液分離する。蒸留塔14において凝縮液Bを加熱して蒸留操作を行いながら気液分離することで、凝縮液B中の塩化水素も回収できるので、塩化水素の回収効率が高まる。R-21、R-22、クロロホルムおよびフッ化水素の沸点は塩化水素の沸点よりかなり高いので、これら高沸物と塩化水素は共沸しない。そのため、加熱によって凝縮液B中の高沸物が塩化水素粗ガスC中に移動する量は極めて少ない。
蒸留塔14では、塩化水素、R-23、フッ化カルボニルを含む塩化水素粗ガスCは塔頂部から留出し、R-22、R-21、フッ化水素、クロロホルムを含む凝縮液Bは塔底部から回収される。
蒸留塔14は、特に限定されず、公知の蒸留塔を採用することができる。
凝縮液Bは蒸留塔14の塔底部から回収され、R-21、R-22等をそれぞれ分離精製する工程に送られる。
蒸留塔14の塔頂部から回収した塩化水素粗ガスCをプレヒーター16で加熱して脱弗塔18に送り、脱弗塔18においてフッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に高温、高圧の条件で接触させ、該塩化水素粗ガスC中のフッ素化合物を吸着除去して塩化水素ガスDとする。脱弗工程では、塩化水素粗ガスC中に残存する微量のフッ化水素と、低沸物であるフッ化カルボニルが吸着除去される。
脱弗工程における吸着剤の温度、すなわち脱弗塔18内の温度は、加圧系にて100~120℃が好ましく、100~110℃がより好ましい。この温度範囲をはずれると、吸着剤のフッ素化合物に対する吸着能は低下傾向にある。
脱弗塔18内の温度を効率的に上記の好ましい温度範囲とするため、プレヒーター16では塩化水素粗ガスCを115~130℃に加熱することが好ましく、120~125℃に加熱することがより好ましい。ただし、この温度はラインの放熱条件に依存する。
活性アルミナの一般的使用条件として、空塔速度は0.05~0.5m/秒と言われており、フッ素化合物吸着の場合もこの範囲内で使用することが好ましい。空塔速度は、0.10~0.30m/秒がより好ましい。前記塩化水素粗ガスCの空塔速度が上限値以下であれば、塩化水素粗ガスCと吸着剤の接触時間が充分に得られ、フッ素化合物の除去効率が高い。
塩化水素粗ガスCと吸着剤の接触時間は、フッ素化合物の除去効率、生産性等を考慮して適宜設定すればよい。
活性アルミナとしては、アルミナ単味のアルミナゲルと、比表面積を増加させるためにシリカを添加したアルミナ・シリカゲルが存在するが、フッ素化合物を高効率で吸着する点から、アルミナ単味の活性アルミナがより好ましい。活性アルミナの単味の程度としては、Al2O3が99.0質量%以上であることが好ましく、99.7質量%以上であることがより好ましい。
活性アルミナの粒径は、5mm以下が好ましく、2~4mmがより好ましい。活性アルミナの粒径が上限値を超えると、圧損は低減されるが吸着面積が低下する。活性アルミナの粒径が下限値未満であれば、吸着面積は増加するが圧損が増加する。
なお、前記粒径は、篩による粒度で規定される値である。
活性アルミナの比表面積は、100m2/g以上が好ましく、250~300m2/gがより好ましい。活性アルミナの比表面積が下限値以上であれば、フッ素化合物の除去効率が高い。活性アルミナの比表面積が下限値未満であれば、吸着量が低下する。
なお、前記比表面積は、気体吸着法で測定される値である。
活性アルミナに精製した塩化水素ガスを事前に接触させることでフッ素化合物の除去効率が高まる要因は必ずしも明らかではないが、活性アルミナ表面が塩素化され、フッ素化合物との親和性が高い塩化アルミニウムが表面に生成されることによって高い吸着効率が得られるためであると考えられる。
また、活性アルミナに塩化水素ガスを事前に接触させる場合は、吸着熱による発熱に注意する必要がある。塔内温度が上昇して設計温度を超えると、シール材質等の熱劣化を生じる可能性があり、その観点から塩素化時の脱弗塔内温度は、90℃以下が好ましく、70℃以下がより好ましい。
活性アルミナを事前に塩化水素ガスに接触させる時間は、100%の塩化水素ガスを接触させている状態で、脱弗塔18内の温度、すなわち活性アルミナの温度が平衡に達するまでを目安とする。
脱弗工程で得られる塩化水素ガスD中のフッ素濃度はHF換算で、10質量ppm以下が好ましく、2質量ppm以下がより好ましい。
脱弗塔18から回収される塩化水素ガスDを冷却器20で冷却して吸収塔22に供給し、水または塩酸水溶液(以下、これらをまとめて「吸収水E」ということがある。)に接触させることで、塩化水素ガスDに含まれる塩化水素を吸収水Eに吸収させ、塩酸水溶液Fを得る。塩化水素ガスDには、低沸物であるR-23が含まれているが、水に対して難溶であるので気相に残存して分離される。また、塩化水素ガスDに極微量に含まれているフッ化カルボニルは加水分解されることでフッ化水素と炭酸ガスになる。フッ化水素は吸収水Eに吸収され、炭酸ガスは気相において、ガスクロマトグラフ分析の検出限界以下となる。
また、吸収水Eとして塩酸水溶液を用いる場合、該塩酸水溶液の塩化水素濃度は、共沸濃度(常圧)以上、すなわち20質量%以上が好ましく、20~22質量%がより好ましい。吸収水Eとして供給する塩酸水溶液の塩化水素濃度が前記範囲であれば、吸収塔22から塩化水素濃度が30~40質量%の塩酸水溶液Fを回収しやすい。
一般にガスの溶解度は圧力が高いほど大きいので、吸収塔は高圧で操作することが有利であるが、吸収塔内の圧力は吸収塔前後の温度・圧力を考慮して決めることが好ましい。
塩化水素ガスDと吸収水Eの接触時間は、塩化水素の吸収効率、生産性等を考慮して適宜設定すればよい。
例えば、吸収工程で得られた塩酸水溶液Fに不活性ガス(窒素ガス等。)または空気を通気し、塩酸水溶液中に残留する難溶性揮発成分を放散させてさらに除去する放散工程を設けてもよい。該放散工程で不活性ガスまたは空気と気液接触させることにより、塩酸水溶液F中の難溶性揮発成分(残存するR-22、R-23、クロロホルム。)が気相に移行し、さらに除去される。
また、気液分離工程においては、塩化水素の純度および回収率が高い点から凝縮液を蒸留することが好ましいが、凝縮液を蒸留せずに気液分離する方法であってもよい。
[反応粗ガスの組成]
精製に使用した反応粗ガスに含まれるフッ素化合物の濃度は、該反応粗ガスを水に吸収させ、フッ素イオン選択性電極を用いたフッ素イオンメーターによってフッ素イオン濃度を測定することによって求めた。反応粗ガスに含まれる塩化水素の濃度は、該反応粗ガスを水に吸収させ、中和滴定法により測定した。クロロホルムは、反応粗ガスを水に吸収させ、二硫化炭素により有機物を抽出した後、キャピラリーガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて定量した。
ガス中および塩酸水溶液中のフッ化水素換算濃度(HF換算濃度)は、前記フッ素イオンメーターを用いてフッ素イオン濃度を測定し、フッ化水素濃度に換算することで求めた。
塩酸水容液中の塩化水素濃度は、中和滴定法によって測定した。
図1に示した工程で塩化水素の精製を行った。
脱弗塔18として3塔式(第1塔、第2塔、第3塔)の連続固定床の脱弗塔を用い、3塔それぞれに、吸着剤として商品名「KHD-24」(住友化学工業社製、活性アルミナ粒状品、粒径:2~4mm、Al2O3含有量:99.7質量%、SiO2含有量:0.02質量%、比表面積:270m2/g。)を合計で4200kg充填した。その後、精製した塩化水素ガス(HF換算濃度2質量ppm)と窒素ガスとを事前に通気した。通気する精製した塩化水素ガスと窒素ガスの各々の流量は、表1の(1)~(7)に示すように変化させた。塩化水素ガスの通気に際しては、100%塩化水素ガスを通気した状態(表1の(7))で脱弗塔18内の温度(吸着剤の温度)が平衡に達するまで通気を行った。脱弗塔18内の温度が90℃を超えることはなかった。
次いで、凝縮液Bと塩化水素粗ガスCを蒸留塔14に供給し、凝縮液Bを加熱しつつ、凝縮液Bと塩化水素粗ガスCを気液分離した。蒸留塔14内の圧力は1.0MPaG、凝縮液Bの加熱温度は25℃、塔頂部から留出する塩化水素粗ガスCの温度は-30℃であった。
次いで、蒸留塔14の塔頂部から留出した塩化水素粗ガスCの圧力を0.7MPaGに減圧した後、プレヒーター16で110℃まで加熱して脱弗塔18に供給した。塩化水素粗ガスCの空間速度を0.2m/秒とし、塩化水素粗ガスCと吸着剤の接触時間を3塔合計で55秒程度とした。また、精製中の脱弗塔18内の圧力は0.7MPaGであり、第1脱沸塔出口におけるガスの温度は115℃、第2脱沸塔出口におけるガスの温度は110℃、第3脱沸塔出口におけるガスの温度は102℃であった。
次いで、脱弗塔18から回収した塩化水素ガスDを冷却器20によって42℃まで冷却し、吸収塔22に供給して脱塩水(吸収水E)と接触させ、塩化水素ガスD中の塩化水素を脱塩水に吸収させた。吸収水Eの流量は0.0014m3/秒、塩化水素ガスDの空塔速度を2.5m/秒とし、吸収水Eと塩化水素ガスDの接触時間が2秒となるようにした。吸収塔22から回収される塩酸水溶液Fの温度は25℃、塩化水素濃度は36.5質量%であった。
脱弗工程における各ガスのHF換算濃度は、脱弗塔18の第1塔入口で10.03質量ppm、第1塔出口で5.52質量ppm、第2塔出口で2.55質量ppm、第3塔出口で1.90質量ppmであり、吸収塔22から回収される塩酸水溶液F中のHF換算濃度は0.30質量ppmであった。
図2に示した工程で塩化水素の精製を行った。例1で用いたものと同じ反応粗ガスAを、活性炭を約7kg充填した活性炭槽30に供給し、フッ素化合物を吸着除去した。反応粗ガスAの流量は20Nm3/時間、槽内温度は107℃、槽内圧力は4.7kg/cm2とした。
次いで、活性炭槽30から回収したガスHをプレヒーター31で40℃に冷却して硫酸洗浄塔32に供給し、該ガスH中のフッ化水素を硫酸と反応(HF+H2SO4→HSO3F+H2O)させ、弗硫酸として除いた。
次いで、硫酸洗浄塔32から回収した塩化水素ガスIを吸収塔34(吸収塔22と同様の塩化水素ガス吸収塔34aと充填塔式回収塔34bを有する形態)に供給し、水(吸収水E)と接触させることで、該塩化水素ガスI中の塩化水素を水に吸収させて塩酸水溶液Fとし、R-21、R-22およびR-23と分離した。吸収水Eの流量は0.000011m3/秒、塩化水素ガスIの空塔速度を1.1m/秒とし、吸収水Eと塩化水素ガスIの接触時間が2秒となるようにした。塩酸水溶液Fは回収部36に回収した。また、吸収水Eに吸収されなかったガスJは、充填塔式回収塔34bの塔頂部から回収した。
活性炭槽30に供給する反応粗ガス中のHF換算濃度は6.6質量%、活性炭槽30出口における塩化水素ガスのHF換算濃度は300質量ppmであった。また、吸収塔34から回収される塩酸水溶液Fの塩化水素濃度は33質量%であり、HF換算濃度は100質量ppmであった。
フッ化カルボニルを水で分解(COF2+H2O→2HF+CO2)・除去するために活性炭槽30に水を添加(添加量:11.4g/Nm3-供給反応ガス)した以外は、例2と同様にして塩酸水溶液を得た。活性炭槽30でフッ化カルボニルが分解して生成するフッ化水素は、硫酸洗浄塔32で弗硫酸となって除かれる。
活性炭槽30出口のHF換算濃度は19質量ppmであった。また、吸収塔34から回収される塩酸水溶液Fの塩化水素濃度は33質量%であり、HF換算濃度は6質量ppmであった。
一方、活性炭による吸着除去、および硫酸洗浄による分解除去によりフッ素化合物を除去する精製方法で塩化水素を精製した例2および例3では、例1に比べて得られた塩酸水溶液中のHF換算濃度が高く、フッ化水素の除去効率が低かった。
なお、2013年5月15日に出願された日本特許出願2013-103270号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (11)
- フッ化水素とクロロホルムを反応させて得られる、クロロジフルオロメタンガスと塩化水素ガスを含む反応粗ガスから塩化水素を精製する方法であって、
前記反応粗ガス中のクロロジフルオロメタンガスを凝縮させ、クロロジフルオロメタンを含む凝縮液と、塩化水素ガスを含む塩化水素粗ガスを得る凝縮工程と、
前記凝縮液と前記塩化水素粗ガスを気液分離する気液分離工程と、
分離した塩化水素粗ガスを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させ、該塩化水素粗ガス中のフッ素化合物を吸着除去して塩化水素ガスを精製する脱弗工程と、
前記塩化水素ガス中の塩化水素を水または塩酸水溶液に吸収させる吸収工程と、を有する塩化水素の精製方法。 - 前記気液分離工程において前記凝縮液を加熱する、請求項1に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記吸着剤が、活性アルミナ、水酸化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、シラン、およびクロロシランからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1または2に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記脱弗工程において、前記吸着剤の温度が100~120℃である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記脱弗工程において、分離した塩化水素粗ガスを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させる圧力が0.65~0.8MPaGである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記脱弗工程において、分離した塩化水素粗ガスを、フッ素化合物を吸着する吸着剤に接触させる空塔速度が、0.05~0.50m/秒である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記吸収工程において、得られる塩酸水溶液中のフッ素の含有量がフッ化水素換算で0.8mg/L以下である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記吸収工程において、得られる塩酸水溶液の塩化水素濃度が30~40質量%である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 前記吸着剤が、精製した塩化水素ガスを事前に接触させた活性アルミナである、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 精製した塩化水素ガスを事前に接触させる活性アルミナの温度が90℃以下である、請求項9に記載の塩化水素の精製方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の塩化水素の精製方法を行う塩酸水溶液の製造方法。
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