Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
  • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
  • H02J7/00045—Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a wireless power transmission technique.
• Patent Literature 1 proposes a technique of providing a power receiving apparatus with a circuit for measuring the Q-value of the power receiving antenna and performing foreign substance detection using the Q-value measurement result .
• the power transmitting apparatus comprises: power transmission means for performing wireless power transmission to a power receiving apparatus arranged within a predetermined power transmission range;
• transmission means in a state where no object is present within the predetermined power transmission range; detection means for detecting the output
• impedance of the power transmission means when a predetermined detection signal has been transmitted by the power transmission means; and determination means for, in a case where the initial impedance value and the output impedance value detected by the detection means do not match and there is no change in the output impedance value between before and after the
• the transmission of the predetermined detection signal determining that a foreign substance is present within the predetermined power transmission range, and, in a case where the initial impedance value and the output impedance value detected by the detection means do not match and there is a change in the output impedance value between before and after the transmission of the predetermined detection signal, determining that a power receiving apparatus is present within the predetermined power transmission range.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of an overall
• FIGS. 2A to 2D are diagrams showing
• FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing an operation of a detection unit 103.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a class-E amplifier.
• FIG. 5 is a timing diagram for describing operations of a power transmission unit 113 and the detection unit 103.
• FIGS. 6A and 6B are timing diagrams for describing operations of a power transmitting apparatus.
• FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of flags stored in a system state storage unit 105.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in an ID storage unit 106 in the power transmitting apparatus.
• FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in an ID storage unit 121 in a power receiving apparatus.
• FIGS. 10A and 10B are flowcharts of
• FIGS. 11A and 11B are flowcharts of
• FIGS. 12A and 12B are flowcharts of
• FIGS. 13A and 13B are flowcharts of
• FIGS. 14A and 14B are flowcharts of
• FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of information stored by an impedance storage unit 110.
• a first embodiment of a power transmission system according to the present invention will be described below using, as an example, a wireless power
• transmission system including a power transmitting apparatus 100 that performs wireless power transmission and a power receiving apparatus 101.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the first embodiment.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 and the power receiving apparatus 101 perform power
• a detection unit 103 is a functional unit that performs detection of an output impedance value (referred to as "Z- detection” below) of a DC voltage source 401 in a class-E amplifier that constitutes a power transmission unit 113, and will be described in detail later.
• a control unit 104 is a functional unit that controls the power transmitting apparatus 100 according to the detection result of the detection unit 103.
• a system state storage unit 105 is a functional unit that stores states of the power transmission system and will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 7.
• An ID storage unit 106 is a functional unit that stores identification information of the power receiving apparatus 101 and will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 8.
• a first timer 107, a second timer 108, and a third timer 109 are timers that are used as
• An impedance storage unit 110 is a functional unit that stores results of impedance value detection performed by the detection unit 103 and will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 15.
• An error cancel switch 111 is a functional unit that receives a user operation, for example, in order to cancel a system error state.
• a display unit 112 is a functional unit that displays information regarding the wireless power transmission system, and displays error information for example .
• the power transmission unit 113 supplies power to be transmitted via the medium 102 to a power transmitting antenna 115.
• the power transmission unit 113 is described as being constituted by a class-E amplifier.
• a resonance control unit 114 is a
• a communication unit 116 (power
• transmitting apparatus communication means is a functional unit that exchanges control signals
• control signals are
• the communication unit 116 is compatible with a Bluetooth (registered trademark) standard (referred to as "BT" below) , but it may be compatible with another communication standard. Also, here, the communication unit 116 functions as a BT- standard master device. In addition, the power
• transmitting apparatus 100 is configured to use SDP
• transmitting apparatus 100 announces that it provides a service called "Wireless Charger”.
• reception unit 117 is a functional unit that receives power transmitted from an external apparatus (here, the power transmitting apparatus 100) .
• a load 118 consumes power received by the power reception unit 117, and it is constituted by a charge circuit and a battery here.
• a communication unit 119 (power receiving apparatus communication means) is a functional unit that
• the communication unit 119 is
• a comparing unit 120 is a functional unit that compares information received by the power
• An ID storage unit 121 stores information received by the power receiving antenna 125 and identification information for the power
• a fourth timer 122 and a fifth timer 123 are timers that are used as appropriate according to the system operation state, and will be described in detail later.
• a display unit 124 is a functional unit that displays information regarding the wireless power transmission system, and displays error information for example.
• the power receiving antenna 125 is a
• a switching unit 126 is a functional unit that electromagnetically couples with the power transmitting antenna 115 and receives power.
• a switching unit 126 is a functional unit that connects the power receiving antenna 125 to a resonance unit 128 or a high resistance 127.
• the high resistance 127 is a constant resistance of around several megaohms, for example. It has a configuration in which the impedance of the power receiving antenna 125 seen by the power transmitting antenna 115 becomes a high impedance (referred to as "Hi-Z" below) when the power receiving antenna 125 and the high resistance 127 are connected. Note that approximately no current flows in the power receiving antenna 125 when the impedance is set to Hi-Z.
• the resonance unit 128 is a functional unit for causing the power transmission channel to resonate at a specific impedance.
• the power transmission channel is constituted by the resonance control unit 114, the power transmitting antenna 115, the medium 102 that is to be the transmission channel, and the power receiving antenna 125.
• a characteristic impedance 129 is a characteristic impedance in the case where the resonance circuit is seen by a load switching unit 130, and here, the value is Zo.
• the load switching unit 130 is a functional unit that performs switching between a matching
• the resistance 131 has a resistance value that is lower than the high resistance 127 and higher than the matching resistance 132.
• the intermediate resistance 131 is for setting the impedance of the power receiving antenna 125 seen by the power transmitting antenna 115 to an intermediate impedance (referred to as "Md-Z" below), by connecting to the load switching unit 130.
• Md-Z intermediate impedance
• the load control unit 133 is an impedance conversion circuit that performs an operation of
• the load impedance means the impedance when the load 118 is seen by the load control unit 133.
• load impedance control in the description below.
• the load control unit 133 and the matching resistance 132 have the same function in that they both are both used to perform impedance matching with the resonance unit 128. However, after detecting a change in the impedance of the load 118, the load control unit 133 performs impedance conversion, and therefore a certain amount of time is required for the operation to stabilize. On the other hand, since the matching resistance 132 is a constant resistance, no time is required for the operation to stabilize.
• FIGS. 2A to 2D are diagrams showing examples of states in the periphery of the power transmission range in the power transmission system. Note that a
• a communication range 200 indicates a range in which communication by means of the communication unit 116 in the power transmitting apparatus 100 is possible.
• a power transmission range 201 indicates a range in which power transmission by means of the power transmitting antenna 115 is possible.
• the communication range 200 is configured to be larger than the power transmission range 201, and the communication range 200 is configured to contain the entirety of the power transmission range 201.
• FIG. 2A shows a state where nothing is arranged in the power transmission range 201. That is to say, the power receiving apparatus 101 and a foreign substance 202 are not present in the power transmission range 201.
• FIG. 2B shows a state where only the
• FIG. 2C shows a state where only the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201. Note that in FIG. 2C, the power transmitting apparatus 100 is not transmitting power to the power receiving apparatus 101.
• FIG. 2D is the same as FIG. 2C in that the power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 is transmitting power to the power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 needs to perform control so as to not perform power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 needs to perform control so as to perform power transmission.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing an operation of the detection unit 103.
• FIG. 3 includes the power transmitting antenna 115, the power receiving antenna 125, and the foreign substance 202.
• a voltage VI indicates a voltage at both terminals of the power transmitting antenna 115.
• a current II indicates a current flowing in the power receiving antenna 125, and a current 12 indicates a current flowing in the foreign substance 202.
• Z is the impedance value of the power receiving antenna 125.
• the value of the voltage VI changes
• the voltage VI in the state where the foreign substance 202 and the power receiving apparatus 101 are not present in the power transmission range 201 as shown in FIG. 2A indicates a value that is different from the voltage VI in the state where the foreign substance 202 is present in the power transmission range 201 as shown in FIG. 2B.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect the foreign substance 202 by detecting the voltage VI in the state in FIG. 2B and comparing it with V_init.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201 as shown in FIG. 2C
• the voltage VI similarly indicates a value that is different from V__init.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect that the foreign substance 202 or the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power
• the impedance Z can be controlled by changing the impedance Z. If the impedance Z is set to Hi-Z (e.g., infinity), the current II will be zero. If the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201 as shown in FIG. 2C, the voltage VI indicates a value that is different from V_init, as described above. If the power receiving apparatus 101 performs control such that the impedance Z is set to Hi-Z, or in other words, such that the current II is set to zero in this state, the voltage VI will be equal to V_init.
• Hi-Z e.g., infinity
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect that the foreign substance 202 or the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201 based on the change in the voltage VI. However, the power transmitting apparatus 100 cannot determine whether the cause of the change is the foreign substance 202 or the power receiving apparatus 101.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 controls the impedance Z such that it is Hi-Z in the state shown in FIG. 2C, the current II will be zero, and the voltage VI will be V_init. In other words, the power "transmitting apparatus 100 can
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect that the foreign substance 202 is present in the power transmission range 201.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 controls the impedance Z such that it is Md-Z in the state shown in FIG. 2C, a microcurrent will flow in the power receiving antenna 125 and the impedance Z. For this reason, the power receiving apparatus 101 can detect the power transmitting apparatus 100 by
• the change in the voltage VI can also be expressed as a change in the input impedance of the power transmitting antenna 115 that is obtained by dividing the voltage VI by the current flowing in the power transmitting antenna 115.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the class-E amplifier that
• the class-E amplifier is constituted by an N-channel MOSFET 405, two inductors, and two capacitors.
• Reference numeral 403 indicates a gate terminal
• reference numeral 402 indicates a drain terminal
• reference numeral 404 indicates a source terminal.
• Reference numeral 401 indicates a DC voltage source that is input to the N-channel MOSFET 405.
• the power transmission unit 113 is connected to the power transmitting antenna 115 via the resonance control unit 114. For this reason, the input impedance of the power transmitting antenna 115 is expressed as a change in the output impedance of the class-E amplifier. Also, a change in the output impedance of the class-E amplifier is expressed as a change in the output impedance of the DC voltage source 401.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect the foreign substance 202 or the power receiving apparatus 101.
• impedance value of the DC voltage source in the state shown in FIG. 2A (initial impedance value) will be expressed as "Z_init” below.
• Hi-Z is an impedance value that is used for apparatus protection and apparatus detection.
• the current II that flows in the power reception unit 117 can be set to zero in principle by setting the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 to Hi-Z, and the risk can be reduced.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 is set to Hi-Z as often as possible in the interest of circuit protection.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect that at least one of the foreign substance 202 and the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201 by detecting the change in the voltage VI as described above, the power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can perform this
• Md-Z is the impedance value that is used for apparatus detection. As described above, the power receiving apparatus 101 can detect the power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect the power receiving apparatus 101 as well if the
• impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is set to Md-Z.
• Zo is the impedance value that is used when the transmission efficiency is to be calculated. If the output impedance of the power transmitting antenna
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 calculates the transmission efficiency between the power transmitting and receiving antennas and the efficiency is excessively low. In the case of using Hi-Z or Md-Z when calculating the transmission
• the transmission efficiency between the power transmission and reception antennas cannot be calculated accurately since impedance matching between the power receiving antenna and the load cannot be achieved and there is a lot of reflection. Accordingly, when the transmission efficiency is to be calculated, the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is set to Zo such that matching can be achieved with the output impedance Zo of the power receiving antenna.
• apparatus 101 is set to Zo also when power is to be received from the power transmitting apparatus 100.
• FIG. 5 is a timing diagram for describing operations of the power transmission unit 113 and the detection unit 103.
• the horizontal axis indicates time. From time Tl to time T2, a detection signal 502 for the detection unit 103 to perform Z-detection is
• a BT address that is an address uniquely assigned to the communication unit 116 is transmitted using a BT address signal 503 via the power
• the detection unit 103 detects the
• Square 504 indicates that the detection unit 103 is performing Z-detection. Also, the height of square 504 conceptually illustrates the magnitude of the impedance detected during Z-detection. For example, in the case of FIG. 2A, the height of square 504
• Reference numeral 506 which includes the detection signal 502 and the BT address signal 503, is referred to as a "pulse" in the
• FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of flags stored in the system state storage unit 105.
• a power transmission flag 700 is a flag that is set to “1" when the power transmitting apparatus 100 starts power transmission and is set to "0" when power transmission is stopped.
• a suspend flag 701 is a flag that is set to "1" when power
• a prohibit flag 703 is a flag that is set to "1" when power transmission is prohibited, and is set to "0" at other times.
• An apparatus flag 704 is a flag that is set to "1” if a BT connection has been achieved between the communication unit 116 of the power transmitting apparatus 100 and the communication unit 119 of the power receiving apparatus 101, and is set to "0" if not.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in the ID storage unit 106 in the power transmitting apparatus. After the control unit 104 has determined that the power receiving apparatus 101 is the cause of the impedance change, the BT address of the power receiving apparatus 101 is stored in a storage region 800. Also, if the control unit 104 disconnects the BT connection with the power receiving apparatus 101, the BT address of the corresponding power receiving apparatus 101 is cleared from the storage region 800.
• FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in the ID storage unit 121 in the power receiving apparatus.
• the pulse 506 that is transmitted by the power transmission unit 113 via the power transmitting antenna 115 is received by the power receiving antenna 125 and the BT address included in the pulse 506 is detected, the detected BT address is stored in the storage region 900. Also, when the power transmitting apparatus 100 has stopped power
• the power receiving apparatus 101 deletes the BT address stored in the storage region 900.
• the BT address stored in the storage region 901 is a BT address for the power transmitting apparatus 100 that is received by the communication unit 119 of the power receiving apparatus 101 via the communication unit 116 of the power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits a later-described Inquiry message, and when the power receiving apparatus 101 receives the Inquiry message, the power receiving apparatus 101 detects the BT address of the power transmitting apparatus that is the transmission source based on the header information of the Inquiry message. Then, the detected BT address is stored in the storage region 901. Also, if the BT connection between the power transmitting apparatus 100 and the power
• the power receiving apparatus 101 deletes the BT address stored in the storage region 901.
• FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in the impedance storage unit 110.
• the impedance value obtained as a result of the Z- detection performed by the detection unit 103 is stored (overwritten) in Z_now in column 1501. Note that the detection unit 103 copies the content of Z_now to
• FIGS. 6A and 6B are timing diagrams for
• FIG. 6A is a timing diagram for the power transmitting apparatus 100 in the case where the foreign substance 202 enters the power transmission range 201 at time Ta4, and the horizontal axis indicates time.
• FIGS. 10A and 10B are a flowchart of operations for the detection unit 103.
• transmission flag 700 is "0" (NO in step S1000) .
• the detection unit 103 updates
• the first timer 107 is reset at time Tal (step S1002) .
• the first timer 107 times out at time Ta2 (YES in step S1003) .
• step S1004 the pulse detection unit 103 transmits the pulse 506 in the period up to time Ta3 (step S1004) . Then, the
• detection unit 103 performs Z-detection from Ta2 to Ta3
• step S1005 (step S1005) .
• the height of square 602 is equal to Z_init . Accordingly, the detection unit 103 stores Z_init in Z_now (step S1006) .
• Row 1502 shows the information stored in the impedance storage unit 110 at this time.
• Z_before and Z_now are both equal to Z_init (YES in step S1011) .
• the power transmission flag 700 is "0" (NO in step S1012)
• the prohibit flag 703 is “0” (NO in step S1013)
• the apparatus flag 704 is also "0” (NO in step S1016) . Accordingly, the detection unit 103 once again resets the first timer 107 at time Ta3.
• Square 604 shows that the foreign substance 202 is present in the power transmission range 201 from time Ta4 to time Ta7.
• the detection unit 103 performs Z-detection from Ta5 to Ta6. Note that the Z-detection is set to time out at T6 using the first timer 107.
• the height of square 603 conceptually illustrates the magnitude of the impedance detected at this time, and here it is Zl. According to FIG. 6A, the height Zl of the square 602 is not equal to Z_init.
• Row 1503 shows the information stored in the impedance storage unit 110 at this time.
• Z_now and Z__before are not equal (NO in step S1011) . Accordingly, the detection unit 103 determines that the foreign substance 202 or the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201 (step S1018).
• the flags stored in the system state storage unit 105 at this time are as shown in row 705, and the power transmission flag 700 is "0" (NO in step S1019) .
• the detection unit 103 updates the suspend flag 701 to "1" (step S1020) .
• the system state storage unit 105 at this time is as shown in row 706.
• the suspend flag 701 is "1" which means that the control unit 104 needs to identify which of the foreign substance 202 and the power receiving apparatus 101 is the cause of the impedance change.
• the detection unit 103 starts the control unit 104 and the procedure moves to step SHOO (FIG. HA) .
• FIGS . 11A and 11B are a flowchart of operations for BT control in the power transmitting apparatus 100.
• the state here is the state shown in FIG. 2B, and the power receiving apparatus 101 is not present.
• the BT (communication unit 116) of the power transmitting apparatus 100 has not been started (NO in step SHOO) .
• the control unit 104 starts the BT as the master (step S1101) and transmits an Inquiry message for performing inquiry of peripheral BT-compatible devices with the BT standard from the communication unit 116 (step S1102, 605) .
• an Inquiry response message (response signal) that is a response to the Inquiry message is sent as a response.
• the foreign substance 202 does not respond to the Inquiry message, and therefore the control unit 104 does not receive the Inquiry response message (NO in step S1103) .
• the control unit 104 determines that the cause of the impedance change detected from time Ta5 to Ta6 is not compatible with BT (step S1127), and determines that it is the foreign substance 202 (step S1120) .
• suspend flag 701 is updated to "0" (step S1121) and the prohibit flag 703 is updated to "1" (step S1122) .
• control unit 104 performs error display on the display unit 112 so as to notify the user that the foreign substance 202 is present in the power transmission range 201, or that power
• step S1123 The flags stored in the system state storage unit 105 at this time are as shown in row 707.
• the prohibit flag 703 is "1" since the foreign substance 202 is present in the power transmission range 201.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 is not connected by BT and the apparatus flag 704 is "0" (NO in step S1124) .
• the control unit 104 causes the
• step S1126 the processing returns to step S1000 (step S1129) .
• step S1129 it is presumed that after viewing the error display, the user removes the foreign substance 202 from the power transmission range 201 for example.
• the detection unit 103 transmits the pulse and performs Z-detection. Since the foreign substance 202 has been removed from the power transmission range 201, the state from Ta8 to Ta9 is the state shown in FIG. 2A, and the impedance storage unit 110 is as shown in row 1502. According to row 707, the prohibit flag 703 is "1" (YES in step S1013) , and therefore the detection unit 103 determines that the foreign substance 202 has been removed (step S1017), the prohibit flag 703 is updated to "0", and thereafter the error display is switched off (step S1015) . Then, the detection unit 103 returns to the processing of step S1000.
• the output impedance of the DC voltage source for the class-E amplifier when a pulse is transmitted in the state where the foreign substance 202 and the power receiving apparatus are not present in the power transmission range 201 is stored by the detection unit 103 as Z_init. Also, the
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can recognize that at least one of the foreign substance 202 and the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201. Additionally, by recognizing that there is no response for an Inquiry message, the power transmitting apparatus 100 can recognize that the foreign substance 202 is present.
• the detection unit 103 is configured to detect the output impedance of the DC voltage source 401, but it may be configured so as to detect another physical amount that changes due to the foreign substance 202 being
• the power transmitting antenna 115 electromagnetically coupled with the power transmitting antenna 115.
• a configuration is possible where the voltage VI of the power transmitting antenna 115 is detected. Also, the power transmitting
• the apparatus 100 causes the communication unit 116 to operate as-the ' BT master and transmits the Inquiry message denoted by 605. Therefore, a foreign substance that does not respond to an Inquiry message can be promptly identified.
• the inquiry message may be another packet for which a response from the power receiving apparatus 101 is expected. Also, the
• communica.tion unit 116 may be configured to use a communication standard other than BT (e.g., wireless LAN) .
• FIG. 6B is a timing diagram for the power transmitting apparatus 100 and the power receiving apparatus 101 in the case where the power receiving apparatus 101 is present in the power transmission range 201. Note that the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis conceptually illustrates the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 seen by the power transmitting antenna 115.
• Hi-Z, Md-Z, and Zo are indicated as three predetermined impedance values.
• the control performed by the power receiving apparatus 101 for setting the impedance to the respective values is as described above.
• Square 610 indicates that the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is Hi-Z from time Tbl to Tb2.
• Square 611 indicates that the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is Md-Z from time Tb2 to Tb3.
• Square 615 indicates that the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is Zo from time Tb5 to Tb6.
• square 612 shows that the detection unit 103 transmits the pulse 506 and performs Z- detection from time Tb2 to Tb3 and that the Z-detection result is indicated by a dashed line 624. As is evident from comparing the dashed line 624 and Z_init, the impedance detected by the detection unit 103 from time Tb2 to time Tb3 is not equal to Z_init .
• FIGS. 13A and 13B are a flowchart showing operations for BT control in the power receiving apparatus 101. If the remaining battery power is less than or equal to a pre-determined threshold value (e.g., 95%) (YES in step S1300), the power receiving apparatus 101 starts the fourth timer 122 at time Tbl (step
• step S1303 is set to Hi-Z.
• step S1304 the power receiving apparatus 101 starts the fifth timer 123 (step S1305) and connects the switching unit 126 to the resonance unit 128 (step S1304)
• the functions of the fourth timer 122 and the fifth timer 123 will be described here.
• the fourth timer 122 defines the amount of time that the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is set to Hi-Z
• the fifth timer 123 defines the amount of time that it is set to Md-Z. In other words, if the power
• the power receiving apparatus 101 does not receive the pulse 506 from the power transmitting apparatus 100 (NO in later- described step S1308), the power receiving apparatus 101 changes the state to Hi-Z and Md-Z repeatedly.
• the detection unit 103 detects an impedance that is different from Z init from time Tb2 to Tb3. Because of this, the detection unit 103 recognizes that the foreign substance 202 or the power receiving
• the power transmission unit 113 (i.e., the detection signal 502 and the BT address signal 503) transmitted by the power transmission unit 113 from Tb2 to Tb3.
• the power transmission unit 113 i.e., the detection signal 502 and the BT address signal 503 transmitted by the power transmission unit 113 from Tb2 to Tb3.
• receiving apparatus 101 can acquire the BT address of the power transmitting apparatus 100 that is included in the BT address signal 503 by detecting the voltage generated at both terminals of the intermediate
• the power receiving apparatus 101 can recognize its own presence in the power transmission range 201 of the power transmitting apparatus 100.
• the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is immediately set to Hi-Z at time Tb3 (step S1310), regardless of whether or not the fifth timer 123 has timed out, in the interest of the aforementioned
• the power receiving apparatus 101 stores (updates) the BT address of the power transmitting apparatus 100 acquired in step S1311 in the storage region 900 of the ID storage unit 121 (step S1312).
• the BT address (identifier) of the power transmitting apparatus 100 that was acquired from the pulse 506 is "aa aa aa aa aa aa aa”.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 starts the BT (communication unit 119) (step S1313) .
• transmitting apparatus 100 starts the BT (communication unit 116) (step S1101) and transmits the Inquiry
• the power receiving apparatus 101 Upon receiving the Inquiry message (YES in step S1314), the power receiving apparatus 101 acquires the BT address of the transmission source device stored in the header portion of the Inquiry message and stores
• the power receiving apparatus 101 compares the two BT addresses stored in the storage regions 900 and 901 of the ID storage unit 121 (step S1316) .
• FIG. 9 shows the two BT addresses stored in the ID storage unit 121 at this time.
• the BT address in the storage region 900 and the BT address in the storage region 901 both match the BT address of the power transmitting apparatus 100 (YES in step S1317).
• the power receiving apparatus 101 determines whether or not connection to the device corresponding to the BT address stored in the ID storage unit 121 is complete.
• BT connection has not yet been performed (NO in step S1318) .
• the power receiving apparatus 101 transmits the Inquiry response message (response signal) (step S1319, 613) in response to the Inquiry message transmitted by the device corresponding to a BT address stored in the ID storage unit 121 (in this case, the power transmitting apparatus 100)
• the power receiving apparatus recognizes its own presence in the power transmission range 201 and subsequently transmits an Inquiry response message (response signal) .
• the transmitting apparatus 100 determines whether or not the transmission source of the Inquiry response message is a device that has not been connected by BT. Here, since the power transmitting apparatus 100 and the power receiving apparatus 101 have not been connected by BT (YES in step S1104), the power transmitting apparatus 100 performs authentication processing for the power receiving apparatus 101.
• a PIN code is used in BT authentication, and authentication is successful if the PIN code used by the power receiving apparatus 101 is the same as that in the power transmitting apparatus 100.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 uses its own BT address as the PIN code for example (step S1105) .
• the power receiving apparatus 101 uses the BT address of the power transmitting apparatus 100 that was acquired from the pulse 506 in step S1311 as the PIN code (step S1320) . Because the PIN codes have been made common to the power transmitting
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 generates an initialization key based on the BT
• step S1106 transmits a random number generated in the power transmitting apparatus 100 to the power receiving apparatus 101 (not shown) .
• the power receiving apparatus 101 Upon receiving the random number, the power receiving apparatus 101 generates an initialization key based on the PIN code and the random number.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits the newly-generated random number to the power receiving apparatus (step S1107).
• the power receiving apparatus 101 Upon receiving the random number in step S1107, the power receiving apparatus 101 generates an SRES (Signal Response) message based on the random number, the BT address of the power transmitting apparatus 100, and the initialization key and transmits the SRES message to the power transmitting apparatus 100.
• SRES Signal Response
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 compares the SRES message with its own generated SRES message
• step S1109) the PIN code is used in common by the power transmitting apparatus 100 and the power receiving apparatus 101, and therefore the SRES messages match (YES in step S1109) , and the
• step S1110 YES in step S1321) .
• the power receiving apparatus 101 transmits an SDP (Service Discovery Protocol ) _inquires message (step S1322).
• SDP Service Discovery Protocol
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 Upon receiving the SDP_inquires message (step S1112), the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits an SDP_response message including
• Wired Charger which is information regarding a service that can be provided (step S1113) .
• step S1323 the power receiving apparatus 101 checks whether or not the desired service and the service acquired in step S1323 match (step S1324).
• the power receiving apparatus 101 checks whether or not the desired service and the service acquired in step S1323 match (step S1324).
• the power receiving apparatus 101 checks whether or not the desired service and the service acquired in step S1323 match (step S1324).
• the control unit 104 Since the BT connection with the power receiving apparatus 101 was successful, the control unit 104 updates the apparatus flag 704 to "1" (step S1116) . Then, the control unit 104 instructs the power receiving apparatus 101 to set the impedance to Hi-Z in order to determine whether or not the foreign substance 202 is present in the power transmission range 201
• step S1117 the control unit 104 causes the detection unit 103 to operate, performs the processing of the above-described steps S1001, S1004, S1005, S1030, and S1006, and compares the result with the content of the impedance storage unit 110 (step S1118) .
• the power transmission unit 113 has transmitted the pulse 506 transmitted in step S1004.
• the state is that shown in FIG. 2C, and the foreign
• the control unit 104 determines that the power
• the receiving apparatus 101 is the cause of the impedance change detected from time Tb2 to time Tb3 (step S1114) and updates the BT address in the storage region 800 of the ID storage unit 106 to the BT address of the power receiving apparatus 101 (step S1115) .
• the BT address of the power receiving apparatus 101 can be acquired from the header or the like of the SDP_response message received in step S1112.
• apparatus 101 is "bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bbbb”.
• FIGS. 12A and 12B are a flowchart of operations for power transmission control in the power transmitting apparatus 100.
• FIGS. 14A and 14B are a flowchart of operations for power reception control in the power receiving apparatus 101.
• control unit 104 transmits an instruction to change the impedance to Zo
• step S1200 Upon receiving the Zo instruction (YES in step S1400), the power receiving apparatus 101 sets the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 to Zo (step S1401) and transmits a Zo instruction response indicating that the impedance has been set to Zo to the power transmitting apparatus 100 (step S1402) .
• step S1201 the control unit 104 transmits the pulse 506 from the power transmitting antenna 115 (step S1201)
• step S1202 Upon receiving the pulse (YES in step S1403), the power receiving apparatus 101 transmits a power reception response indicating a voltage value or a power value to the power transmitting apparatus 100 (step S1431) .
• step S1204 If the power reception response received in step S1203 is not zero (NO in step S1230), the control unit 104 derives the transmission efficiency (step S1204), causes the resonance control unit 114 to operate (step S1205), and controls the resonance control unit 114 such that the transmission efficiency peaks. If the transmission efficiency peaks (YES in step S1205) , the transmission efficiency and the threshold value that was stored in advance are compared (step S1207). If the transmission efficiency is greater than or equal to the threshold value (YES in step S1208), the control unit 104 transmits an
• step S1232, 616) transmits the Hi-Z instruction.
• the pulse transmission for the efficiency calculation step S1202 is not performed thereafter.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 sets the impedance to Hi-Z (step S1432), and transmits a Hi-Z instruction response indicating that the Hi-Z
• step S1220 control is performed such that an efficiency notification (efficiency is low) is transmitted (step S1220) and power transmission is not performed.
• control unit 104 makes a request to the power receiving apparatus 101 to receive power reception parameters that indicate the power amount requested by the power receiving apparatus 101, the peak voltage allowable by the power reception unit 117, and the like (step S1209) , and the power receiving apparatus 101 responds to the request (step S1408).
• the control unit 104 compares the power reception parameters acquired in step S1210 and its own power transmission capability and determines whether or not power transmission is possible (step S1211) .
• control unit 104 causes the detection unit 103 to operate, performs the processing of the above-described steps S1001, S1004, S1005, S1030, S1006, and S1011, and compares the result with the content of the impedance storage unit 110 (step S1233) .
• the power transmission unit 113 has transmitted the pulse 506 transmitted in step S1004. Since the foreign substance 202 is not present in the power transmission range 201 in the state shown in FIG. 2C, the impedance detected by the detection unit 103 from time Ta6 to time Ta7 is equal to Z_init (YES in step S1234). Because of this, the control unit 104 transmits a power transmission permitted notification to the power receiving apparatus 101 (step S1213) , and upon receiving a power transmission permitted response (step S1214), the control unit 104 instructs the power receiving apparatus 101 to connect to the charge circuit (step S1215) .
• the detection unit 103 is operated from time Ta6 to Ta7 because there is a possibility that the foreign substance 202 enters the power transmission range 201 in the period from Tb5 to Tb6. In this way, before starting power transmission, the control unit 104 always causes the detection unit 103 to operate and checks that there is no foreign substance 202.
• step S1409 Upon receiving the power transmission permitted notification (YES in step S1409) , the power receiving apparatus 101 transmits the power
• step S1410 the power receiving apparatus 101 receives a charge circuit connection instruction (step S1411) and connects the load switching unit 130 to the load control unit 133 (step S1412) . Furthermore, the power receiving apparatus 101 starts the load control unit 133 (step S1413) and transmits a charge circuit connection response (step S1414).
• step S1216 the control unit 104 performs notification of the start of power
• control unit 104 updates the suspend flag 701 to "0" (step S1218) and updates the power transmission flag 700 to "1" (step S1219) .
• the power receiving apparatus 101 starts load impedance control (step S1415), starts power reception upon receiving the power transmission start notification (step S1416) , and displays the fact that charging is being performed on the display unit 124. At this time, the state is that shown in FIG. 2D, and the system state storage unit 105 is in a state where the flags shown in row 708 have been stored.
• the impedance of the power receiving apparatus 101 is constant at Zo. Since the power transmission unit 113 uses a class-E amplifier, the impedance of the DC voltage source detected by the detection unit 103 is constant as well.
• Z_tx is the impedance of the DC voltage source when the power transmitting apparatus 100 is
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 Upon starting power transmission (YES in step S1000), the power transmitting apparatus 100 resets the second timer that times out in a micro- period (e.g., several milliseconds) that is shorter than that of the first timer. Then, when the second timer has timed out, the power transmitting apparatus performs Z-detection.
• a micro- period e.g., several milliseconds
• the control unit 104 recognizes that the foreign substance 202 or a new power receiving
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 performs the following processing and determines whether the cause of the impedance change is the foreign substance 202, a new power receiving apparatus, or movement of the power receiving apparatus 101.
• step S1019 the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits a power transmission suspension
• step S1025 notification to the power receiving apparatus 101 indicating that power transmission is to be interrupted until the determination ends (step S1025). Then, the power transmission flag is updated to "0" (step S1027) and power transmission stops (step S1026) . Then, the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits the Hi-Z instruction to the power receiving apparatus 101 (step S1028) .
• the power receiving apparatus 100 Upon receiving the power transmission suspension notification (YES in step S1429) , the power receiving apparatus 100 transmits a power transmission suspension notification response. At this time, the power receiving apparatus 101 recognizes that power transmission has been suspended since the power
• step S1430 the power receiving apparatus 101 no longer recognizes whether or not it is in the power transmission range 201, and therefore the BT address stored in the storage region 900 is deleted (step S1430).
• the power receiving apparatus 101 upon receiving the power transmission suspension notification, the power receiving apparatus 101 does not switch off the charge display (step S1 . 421) , regardless of the fact that power transmission has been stopped. Then, when the Hi-Z instruction is received, the impedance is set to Hi-Z (step S1423) and the Hi-Z instruction response is subsequently transmitted.
• step S1029 the power transmitting apparatus 100 updates the suspend flag 701 to "1" (step S1020) . Then, the power transmitting apparatus 100 returns to the processing of step SHOO in order to perform the identification (step S1023) . At this time, the system state storage unit 105 is in the state in which the flags shown in row 709 are stored.
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 detects the foreign substance 202 using the processing that was described above with reference to FIG. 2A
• step S1120 Since the apparatus flag 704 is "1" (YES in step S1126) , the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits an error notification to the power receiving apparatus 101 (step S1126) .
• the system state storage unit 105 at this time is in the state in which the flags shown in row 710 are stored.
• the power receiving apparatus 101 switches off the charge display (step S1425) and performs error display on the display unit 124 (step S1426) .
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 causes the detection unit to operate in step S1126 and moves to the processing of step S1000 (steps S1126, S1129) , and therefore, as described above with reference to FIG. 2A, it is possible to detect that the foreign substance 202 has been removed.
• the apparatus flag 704 is "1" (YES in step S1016) , and therefore the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits an error cancel notification to the power receiving apparatus (step S1021) .
• the power receiving apparatus 101 moves to step S1400 and waits for the Zo instruction. Thereafter, the power
• transmitting apparatus 100 starts power transmission using the processing that was described with reference to FIG . 6B.
• the Z-detection result will indicate a value that is different from Z_tx due to the influence of the new power receiving apparatus. Because of this, the power transmitting apparatus 100 can detect the new power receiving
• step S1200 a Zo instruction is given for all of the BT addresses stored in the storage region 800 at this time.
• the Zo instruction is given for the BT address of the power receiving apparatus 101 and the BT address of the new power receiving apparatus. Then, the power
• step S1421 it is sufficient that the power receiving apparatus 101 does not switch off the charge display while the power transmitting apparatus 100 is performing the determination, or in other words, when there is a possibility of being able to continue to receiving power regardless of the fact that power transmission has been stopped. Accordingly, if new power receiving apparatuses frequently enter the power transmission range 201, the charge display is not switched off each time, and the user of the power receiving apparatus 101 need not worry that charging is not being performed.
• step S1109 if another BT device that can respond to the Inquiry message but does not have shared information is present in the power transmission range 201 for example, a negative determination is made in step S1109, and the power transmitting apparatus 100 determines that the other BT device is a foreign substance (step S1120) .
• the output impedance of the DC voltage source 401 in the state where the foreign substance 202 and the power receiving apparatus 101 are not present in the power transmission range 201 is stored as Z_init by the detection unit 103. Then, by
• the power receiving apparatus 101 has a function of controlling the impedance. Due to the power receiving apparatus 101 controlling the impedance in accordance with instructions from the power
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can identify which of the foreign
• the power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit power to the power receiving apparatus 101 with a more
• step S1234 if Z_init and Z_before are not equal in step S1234 (NO in step S1234), the power
• transmitting apparatus determines that a foreign substance is present (steps S1235, S1120) and prohibits power transmission. By doing so, power transmission can be prohibited when a foreign substance has entered the power transmission range in the period from time Tb5 to Tb6.
• the power transmitting apparatus determines that a foreign substance is present and prohibits power transmission. This corresponds to the case where a BT device that cannot receive the Wireless Charger service enters the power transmission range and BT
• the power transmitting apparatus can consider the BT device as being equal to a foreign substance and not perform power transmission thereto.
• step S1212 Another example of this is the case where the power transmitting apparatus is configured to transmit a power transmission ability determination notification in step S1212 regardless of the
• the power receiving apparatus is configured to transmit a power transmission ability determination response in response to the notification, but the power transmitting apparatus does not receive the power transmission ability determination response.
• the power transmitting apparatus does not receive the power transmission permitted response
• the power transmitting apparatus does not receive the charge circuit connection response.
• the power receiving apparatus is configured to transmit a power transmission start notification response in response to a power transmission start notification, but the power transmission start response is not received, or the Hi-Z instruction response is not received.
• the power receiving apparatus is configured to transmit an error notification response in response to an error notification, but the power transmitting apparatus does not receive the error notification response.
• the power receiving apparatus is configured to transmit an error cancel notification response in response to an error cancel notification, but the power transmitting apparatus does not receive the error cancel notification response.
• the power receiving apparatus is configured to transmit an efficiency notification response in response to an efficiency notification, but the efficiency
• the power transmitting apparatus may be configured to stop or prohibit power transmission also in the case where BT communication has been disconnected due to
• the power receiving apparatus may disconnect from BT, delete the BT address from the storage region 901, and subsequently stop BT .
• the power transmitting apparatus may disconnect from BT, delete the BT address from the storage region 901, and subsequently stop BT .
• the transmission ability determination, the case where the Hi-Z instruction is not received, the case where the power transmission permitted notification is not received, and the case where the charge circuit connection instruction is not received are examples of cases where the power transmitting apparatus does not perform the expected processing.
• the power receiving apparatus is configured to detect the power reception amount received from the power
• the power receiving apparatus may transmit a power reception inability notification to the power
• the second timer is set to a micro-period
• the entry of the foreign substance 202 into the power transmission range 201 can be immediately detected and power transmission can be promptly stopped.
• the first timer is set to a longer time period than the second timer, it is possible to achieve low power consumption in the power transmitting apparatus in the state where power transmission is not being performed, or where the BT has not been started.
• the power transmitting apparatus checks whether or not the foreign substance is present in the power transmission range by setting the impedance of the power receiving apparatus to Hi-Z. By doing so, the error notification can be transmitted to the power receiving apparatus and notification of the fact that power transmission is prohibited can be performed in the case where the foreign substance is present.
• the power transmitting apparatus performs Z-detection before the efficiency calculation. By doing so, the foreign substance can be detected before the efficiency calculation is performed, and the efficiency calculation can be performed with accuracy. Also, Z-detection is performed before the start of power transmission, and therefore, if a foreign
• the power transmitting apparatus can recognize the entry of the foreign
• step S1429 the power receiving apparatus does not switch off the charge display until the error notification is received. By doing so, the charge display can remain on in the case where there is a possibility that power reception can continue, even if power reception has been
• the charge display is not switched off each time.
• the power receiving apparatus upon recognizing its own presence in the power transmission range 201, the power receiving apparatus performs BT authentication processing. By doing so, after the BT authentication for the power receiving apparatus is successful, the power
• transmitting apparatus can recognize that the power receiving apparatus is present in the power
• the power transmitting apparatus can recognize that the power receiving apparatus that transmitted the Inquiry response message is present in the power transmission range.
• the power transmitting apparatus can realize communication control with the power receiving apparatus that is present in the power . transmission range 201.
• the power transmitting apparatus performs notification of its own BT address via the power transmitting antenna used in the power transmission range 201 that is smaller than the communication range 200. Then, the power receiving apparatus performs authentication processing with only the power transmitting apparatus having the BT address that was acquired using the power receiving antenna. By doing so, the power receiving apparatus can avoid the problem of connecting via BT to another adjacent power transmitting apparatus.
• the power receiving apparatus stops the communication unit. By doing so, system malfunction can be prevented. Also, if an expected response is not received from the power receiving apparatus, the power transmitting apparatus also stops a communication unit and stops the power transmission sequence. By doing so, system malfunction can be prevented .
• the power transmitting apparatus starts the communication unit after detecting an impedance change. By doing so, power is not supplied needlessly to the communication unit and low power consumption can be realized.
• step S1300, YES in step S1418 the power receiving apparatus sets the impedance to Hi-Z (steps S1301, S1431) . By doing so, a power receiving apparatus that does not need to be charged will not influence the Z-detection executed by the power transmitting apparatus 100. Also, if the remaining battery power is greater than the threshold value (NO in step S1300, YES in step S1418), the power receiving apparatus does not connect to the power transmitting apparatus by BT, and it is possible to achieve power conservation in the power receiving apparatus and the power transmitting apparatus.
• the high resistance may be a capacitor indicating a high impedance in the frequency of a high- frequency voltage generated in the power receiving antenna. It is also conceivable to not include the high resistance 127. In that case, the power receiving antenna is in an open state, and there is no current flowing in the power receiving antenna. In other words, the impedance of the power receiving antenna can be set to an extremely high value. Also, Z_init need not be a fixed value and may be a value obtained by giving a margin of error to a fixed value.
• the pulse was described as having a configuration where the detection signal 502 and the BT address signal 503 are combined, but it is possible to use only the BT address signal 503. Also, the power transmitting apparatus is configured to transmit the pulse intermittently, but similar effects can be
• the power transmitting apparatus may transmit an Md-Z instruction for setting the impedance to Md-Z to the power receiving apparatus, and the power receiving apparatus may set the impedance to Md-Z.
• the power receiving apparatus can recognize whether or not it is present in the power transmission range 201, and therefore system
• the power transmitting apparatus notifies its own BT address to the power receiving apparatus via the power
• arithmetic operation has been carried out. Due to the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus sharing the specific arithmetic operation, a similar effect can be obtained and security is improved.
• Examples of the specific arithmetic operation include a method of finding the exclusive OR of a predetermined 6-byte bit string and the bit string of the BT address ( 6 bytes ) .
• the power transmitting apparatus notifies its own BT address to the power receiving apparatus via the power
• the BT address may be other information by which the power transmitting apparatus can be identified.
• the BT address may be a random number generated randomly by the power
• transmitting apparatus transmits the random number from time Tb2 to Tb3 and attaches the random number to the Inquiry message. Then, a similar effect can be
• the receiving apparatus may include an information element indicating that it can receive the Wireless Charger service in the Inquiry response message and transmit this Inquiry response message to the power transmitting apparatus as a response.
• the power receiving apparatus may include "Wireless Power
• the power transmitting apparatus can avoid performing needless authentication processing with a BT device that cannot receive the Wireless Charger service.
• the power transmitting apparatus operates as the master device and the power receiving apparatus determines whether or not to transmit the Inquiry response based on the address of the Inquiry transmission source.
• another packet that is exchanged before the encryption key is shared in step Sllll, or in other words, another packet that is expected as a response from the slave device may be used.
• an ID packet that is exchanged at the time of calling (Page) may be used.
• the BT address signal 503 is
• the power transmitting apparatus configured to be transmitted by the power transmitting apparatus, but a configuration is possible where the power receiving apparatus transmits its own BT address.
• the power receiving apparatus controls the connection between an antenna switching switch and the resonance unit for example, and thereby modulates the load according to the pulse transmitted by the power transmitting apparatus. This changes the
• the power transmitting apparatus has the storage region 900 and the storage region 901.
• the power transmitting apparatus stores the BT address of the power receiving apparatus that was received using load modulation in the storage region 900, and stores the BT address of the power receiving apparatus that is the Inquiry response message transmission source in the storage region 901.
• the power transmitting apparatus compares the BT addresses using the processing in step S1316 and performs authentication and encryption key generation processing on the BT addresses if they match.
• BT authentication processing is performed with only the power receiving apparatus that is present in the power transmission range 201, and therefore the SRES messages always match and needless authentication processing for other BT devices is not performed.
• the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus may both transmit the corresponding BT addresses from the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna.
• a configuration is used where the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus both have the storage region 900 and the storage region 901.
• the power receiving apparatus subsequently transmits the BT address of the power receiving apparatus.
• the power receiving apparatus transmits the Inquiry response to only the power transmitting apparatus that is present in the power transmission range 201. Also, since the power transmitting apparatus performs
• WDFS Wi-Fi Direct Service standard
• the WFDS standard is a protocol than can realize authentication and connection processing between one access point and one station on a wireless LAN.
• the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus are both configured to transmit the corresponding MAC addresses from the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna.
• the power transmitting apparatus can perform communication control with the power receiving apparatus that is present in the range in which power transmission can be performed.
• the wireless LAN connection between the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus operating as the access point is disconnected. For this reason, the power transmitting apparatus cannot exchange control signals with the remaining power receiving apparatuses. Because of this, it is desirable that the power transmitting apparatus is configured to operate as the access point.
• a wireless LAN terminal that is compatible with WFDS may possibly be a station or an access point.
• a GroupNegotiation phase (referred to below as a "GN phase") in the WFDS standard, it is determined whether the wireless LAN terminal is to serve in the role of the station or the access point.
• the wireless LAN terminal having a larger intent value from 0 to 15 that is exchanged in the GN phase is to serve in the role of the access point, and the wireless LAN terminal have the smaller intent value is to serve in the role of the station.
• the transmitted by the power receiving apparatus For example, by setting the intent value transmitted by the power transmitting apparatus 100 to the power receiving apparatus 101 in the GN phase to "15" and setting the intent value transmitted by the power receiving
• the apparatus 100 can operate as the access point, and the power receiving apparatus 101 can operate as the station .
• the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus are both configured to transmit the corresponding MAC addresses from the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna, but a configuration is also possible where one of the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus performs transmission thereof.
• the power transmitting apparatus can perform communication control with the power receiving apparatus that is present in the range in which communication is possible, and the power transmitting and receiving apparatuses can identify each other.
• Embodiments of the present invention can also be realized by a computer of a system or apparatus that reads out and executes computer executable instructions recorded on a storage medium (e.g., non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) to perform the
• the computer may comprise one or more of a central processing unit (CPU) , micro processing unit (MPU) , or other circuitry, and may include a network of separate computers or separate computer processors.
• CPU central processing unit
• MPU micro processing unit
• the storage medium may include, for example, one or more of a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read only memory (ROM) , a storage of distributed computing
• an optical disk such as a compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), or Blu-ray Disc (BD)TM
• CD compact disc
• DVD digital versatile disc
• BD Blu-ray Disc
• flash memory device a flash memory card, and the like.

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