WO2014161447A1 - 用于滚压管外螺纹的方法、滚压头及其设备 - Google Patents

用于滚压管外螺纹的方法、滚压头及其设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014161447A1
WO2014161447A1 PCT/CN2014/074354 CN2014074354W WO2014161447A1 WO 2014161447 A1 WO2014161447 A1 WO 2014161447A1 CN 2014074354 W CN2014074354 W CN 2014074354W WO 2014161447 A1 WO2014161447 A1 WO 2014161447A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rolling
thread
pipe
rolling wheel
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/074354
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周俊
Original Assignee
上海泛华紧固系统有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海泛华紧固系统有限公司 filed Critical 上海泛华紧固系统有限公司
Priority to US14/781,460 priority Critical patent/US10399140B2/en
Priority to EP14778143.9A priority patent/EP2982457B1/en
Priority to JP2016505689A priority patent/JP6154954B2/ja
Publication of WO2014161447A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014161447A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B21H3/04—Making by means of profiled-rolls or die rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B21H3/04—Making by means of profiled-rolls or die rolls
    • B21H3/042—Thread-rolling heads
    • B21H3/044—Thread-rolling heads working axially

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of pipe products and pipe processing machinery, and in particular to a method for rolling Method of external threading, rolling head and its equipment.
  • the outer diameter of the existing rolled steel pipe blank is the outer diameter of the steel pipe determined by the cutting process, for rolling
  • the outer diameter is too large.
  • the conical surface is 1:16, the inner diameter of the product after rolling
  • the taper surface is often larger than the standard taper 1:16, or the taper length (height) is much larger than the standard allowable length Degree
  • the maximum reduction of the inner hole of the external thread of the rolling pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the steel pipe allowed by the standard and the steel pipe wall
  • the maximum internal diameter reduction caused by the accumulation of the maximum thickness deviation value may result in a fluid transport stability. Determine the impact.
  • the outer diameter is first rolled to reduce the outer diameter of the steel pipe to a certain size, that is, the medium diameter of the standard pipe external thread, and then The method of rolling the outer thread of the conical tube. This method is produced when the outer diameter of the rolled small steel pipe is processed. It is difficult to control the ellipticity of the steel pipe, the damage of the coating on the surface of the steel pipe, and the excessive reduction of the inner diameter of the steel pipe after rolling. phenomenon.
  • the solution to this problem is to directly produce a scale that meets the requirements of the rolling process when producing steel pipes. Rolling special outer diameter steel pipe with small outer diameter of quasi-steel pipe.
  • the outer diameter and wall thickness of rolled steel pipe have no national and international Standards, marketing and acceptance take a certain amount of time, which will inevitably affect the external threading process of the rolling pipe. Promotion and application.
  • the outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical blank can be mechanical or hydraulic axial stamping or diameter without passing through the conical mold
  • a preparatory process for forming a conical surface into an extruded hollow cylindrical blank, which is only passed through one rolling The always-on process, which is directly formed on the hollow cylindrical blank of the standard outer diameter of the pipe.
  • the manufacturing method of the external thread of the conical pipe, the rolling head and the equipment thereof, the process of processing the external thread of the rolling conical pipe Single, practical and complete, and try to meet people's current operating habits.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a method of rolling an external thread of a pipe, characterized in that the rolling wheel is The rolling is started from the screw tail of the external thread of the pipe, and the thread rolling is completed in the direction of the thread head.
  • the existing external pipe thread rolling technology has a rounding diameter reduction or a stamping or extrusion taper. Requirements; at the same time, the technical requirements for the composition, wall thickness, wall thickness uniformity and weld quality of the pipe are very high. high. Even so, in the actual operation, it is affected by the standard looseness of the pipe, and the existing rolling technology produces The pass rate of the external thread of the rolling pipe is still difficult to be more than 80%, and the external threading process of the rolling pipe is not reliable. It is difficult to promote the existing external threading process of the rolling pipe, especially the external threading process of the rolling pipe on site. this The invention overcomes the technical difficulty of the current radial rolling and breaks the prejudice of the existing external thread of the axial rolling pipe.
  • the combined rolling pressure requirements greatly relax the applicability of the pipe, not only for the existing seams and Seamless, thick-walled and thin-walled tubing, and suitable for relatively soft copper tubes of various wall thicknesses or aluminum alloys Pipes and other types of metal pipes; through the strength of the different pipe yield strength and the external thread of the rolling pipe Calculate, reasonable control of rolling pressure, so that the product qualification rate reaches 99.9% or more, so that the rolling pipe thread technology The practicality is greatly enhanced.
  • the tube as described above in the present invention In the external thread rolling processing method, it is further characterized in that the rolling wheel contains a pipe screw a thread forming portion, the thread length of the pipe thread forming portion being smaller than the rolled outer thread of the pipe Effective thread length. More preferably, the thread length of the pipe thread forming portion is one of the external threads of the pipe Thread length, two thread lengths, three thread lengths, four thread lengths or five thread lengths. Preferred are one, two, three and four threads.
  • the pipe thread forming portion of the rolling wheel used in the prior art external pipe thread rolling equipment The length of the thread is greater than or equal to the length of the effective thread of the external thread of the pipe, so that as the rolling progresses, the rolling wheel
  • the contact area with the cylindrical blank of the pipe is increasing.
  • the cylindrical blank of the pipe is subject to The rolling pressure is also increasing, which is very easy to cause deformation and cracking of the pipe, especially the port.
  • the thread length of the externally threaded portion is smaller than the effective thread length of the rolled external thread of the tube
  • the rolling wheel effectively reduces the contact area, and under the premise of ensuring that the thread is fully formed, that is, it is reduced
  • the radial component of the rolling force of the pipe cylindrical blank, not only the material, weld seam and wall thickness of the pipe Such requirements are reduced, and the material cost and manufacturing cost of the rolling wheel are reduced, and the rolling pipe thread process is simultaneously Reliable and mature, the product qualification rate has increased to over 99.9%.
  • the above rolling method provided by the invention can be used for rolling of the external thread of the cylindrical pipe, and can also be used for rolling Rolling of the conical pipe thread.
  • the invention creatively applies the external snail when the above rolling method is used for rolling the external thread of the conical tube
  • the real-time taper radial position adjusting device can dynamically adjust the rolling wheel in real time during the rolling process
  • the invention utilizes rolling The rolling axial component force generated when the rolling wheel is axially rolled from the screw tail to the thread head, or The hollow cylindrical blank is axially moved from the screw tail to the threaded head relative to the rolling wheel;
  • the rolling wheel controlled by the position adjusting device is synchronously fed in real-time taper radial dynamic direction, so that the rolling wheel radial The feed changes as the axial rolling position changes, thereby avoiding the process of stamping or squeezing the conical surface.
  • Directly rolling and forming the external thread of the conical pipe makes the rolling pipe thread process convenient and practical.
  • the rolling wheel can be adjusted in real time during the whole process of dynamic rolling by the radial position adjusting device It is placed in a radial position to form the taper required for the rolling process.
  • the rolling axial force generated by the rolling wheel during rolling is used to make the rolling wheel relatively
  • the hollow cylindrical blank is rolled by the screw tail toward the threaded head while passing through the radial position adjusting device Controlling the radial feed of the rolling wheel so that the radial feed of the rolling wheel changes as the axial position changes, thereby Directly roll forming the outer diameter of the tapered pipe.
  • the axial rolling movement of the rolling wheel relative to the hollow cylindrical blank is the rolling The head moves axially while the hollow cylindrical blank is axially stationary, or the hollow cylindrical blank moves axially
  • the rolling head is axially stationary, or both axially relative to each other.
  • the radial feed rate of the rolling wheel and the rolling wheel are relative to the hollow cylindrical hair
  • the ratio of the axial movement rate of the blank is equal to 1/2 of the real-time taper of the external thread of the pipe.
  • the radial feed rate of the rolling wheel is equal to 1/32.
  • a rolling head for externally threading a pipe comprising at least one circumferential cloth a rolling wheel and a corresponding rolling wheel axle and a rolling wheel seat, the rolling wheel being rotatable through the rolling wheel axle Dynamically fixed to the rolling wheel base, the rolling wheel is provided with a pipe thread forming portion, the pipe thread The threaded length of the formed portion is less than the effective thread length of the rolled outer thread of the tube.
  • the number of the rolling wheels is two or more, preferably 4 And five.
  • the rolling head of the invention can be conveniently used for rolling the external thread of the conical tube.
  • On the rolling wheel base Providing, on the rolling wheel base, a radial position adjusting device for radially adjusting the rolling wheel seat, thereby Adjusting the radial position of the rolling wheel in real time in the radial direction of the dynamic rolling process, thereby forming a rolling process The required taper.
  • Rolling axial force generated by the rolling wheel when rolling the external thread of the conical pipe Force the rolling wheel is axially rolled relative to the hollow cylindrical blank from the screw tail to the thread head,
  • the radial feed of the rolling wheel is controlled by the radial position adjusting device, so that the radial feeding of the rolling wheel follows
  • the axial rolling position changes, so that the external thread of the tapered pipe is directly rolled.
  • the axial rolling movement of the rolling wheel relative to the hollow cylindrical blank is the rolling The head moves axially while the hollow cylindrical blank is axially stationary, or the hollow cylindrical blank moves axially
  • the rolling head is axially stationary, or both axially relative to each other.
  • the radial force power source of the radial position adjusting device may be from the rolling head and the hollow
  • the source of relative rotation of the cylindrical blank is either from other independent sources of power.
  • the radial position adjusting device may be manual adjustment, mechanical transmission adjustment, hydraulic ratio Example adjustment, pneumatic proportional adjustment, motor driven worm gear adjustment, motor driven gear rack adjustment, electricity One of the ball screw adjustment and the radial position feed adjustment by the axial movement of the rolling head, or A combination of many of them.
  • the external thread rolling head further comprises an outer circular housing disk, a rotating disk, and a rolling wheel base and rolling a pressure wheel;
  • the outer circular housing disk is connected to a sliding gap on the rolling device;
  • the rotating disk is in the outer circle
  • One side of the housing disk is mounted on the inner circular shaft coaxially with the outer circular housing disk by a shaft hole fit, and a spiral groove is disposed on a side opposite to the outer circular casing disk;
  • the outer circular casing disk has at least one Radial rolling wheel seat chutes, the rolling wheel seat passing through a plurality of spiral grooves at the bottom thereof and the rotating disc Cooperating with the spiral grooves to make a diameter in the rolling wheel chute of the outer circular casing disk
  • the rolling wheel base is provided with a rolling wheel, and when the rotating disk rotates, through the spiral groove
  • the matching spiral groove drives the rolling wheel seat to move radially along the corresponding sliding groove on the outer circular casing disk.
  • the external thread rolling head further comprises a gear control rod
  • the other side of the rotating disc is umbrella shaped a gear
  • the central axis of the bevel gear substantially coincides with a central axis of the rolling head
  • the gear lever is in One end portion is provided to mesh with the bevel gear of the rotating disk and the central axis is along the longitudinal direction of the gear control rod
  • Another bevel gear of the axis, the longitudinal axis of the gear control lever being integral with the central axis of the rotating disk An angle
  • the rotating gear control lever is capable of rotating the rotating disk about its own axis.
  • the external thread rolling head further comprises a power motor, the power motor is passed through a worm gear, A gear rack, a ball screw, a pulley, a cam or a crank link drives the gear lever to rotate.
  • the external thread rolling head further comprises a power rotating handle, a screw rod, an upper rod, a middle rod, a lower rod, a pair of guiding columns; the pair of guiding columns are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end thereof to the upper rod and the lower rod a side, constituting a fixed frame structure, and the pair of guide posts pass through holes on both sides of the middle rod, and
  • the middle rod can slide up and down along the guiding column;
  • the upper rod is provided with a threaded hole in a vertical direction;
  • the lead screw Engaged with the threaded hole, and the upper end of the screw rod is fixedly connected with the power rotating handle, and the lower end is abutted Relying on the middle rod, so that the power rotating handle drives the screw to rotate, and the middle rod can be along both sides
  • the guiding column moves up and down; the middle rod and the lower rod are respectively provided with a rolling wheel seat and a corresponding rolling wheel.
  • the external thread rolling head further comprises: a cylinder, a spring and an adjusting bolt; the cylinder The upper end of the body is fixedly connected with the lower rod; the lower end of the cylinder is matched with the shaft hole of the sliding device sliding seat And abutting on the cylinder and the two ends abut against the lower rod and the sliding device sliding seat respectively
  • the spring causes the entire fixed frame structure to be floatingly connected to the rolling device slide; the adjusting screw a bolt projecting downwardly from the lower rod and spaced apart from the sliding device carriage by a distance Adjusting the length of the bolt to adjust the distance between the bolt and the sliding device of the rolling device Swinging amplitude of the fixed frame structure to ensure that the hollow cylindrical blank is coaxial with the rolling head;
  • the power rotating handle, the screw rod drives the middle rod to move up and down in the guiding column, thereby realizing the axial direction of the rolling head Dynamic adjustment of the position of the radial roller when moving.
  • the rolling wheel tube thread forming portion contains at least one thread, and the threaded thread
  • the shape corresponds to the threaded external thread of the cylindrical tube or the threaded thread of the tapered tube.
  • the rolling wheel is used for rolling 55° BSPT conical external thread, the diameter is DN4,
  • the pipe thread is The thread length of the type part does not exceed 6 threads, preferably one or two, for the diameter DN50, DN65, DN80 or DN90, the thread length of the pipe thread forming part does not exceed 9 threads, preferably One, two or three, for the pipe diameter is DN100, DN125, DN150 and above, the pipe
  • the thread forming portion has a thread length of no more than 14 threads, preferably one, two, three or four
  • the rolling wheel is used for rolling the external thread of the 60° NPT conical pipe, and the pipe diameter is DN4, DN6, DN8, DN10, DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32 or DN40, the thread of the pipe thread forming part
  • the length is not more than 5 threads, preferably one or
  • the rolling wheel may be a spiral rolling wheel or a ring rolling wheel, or two of them a reasonable combination of people.
  • the rolling wheel further comprises a preform at a head of the pipe thread forming portion
  • the shape of the preformed portion includes a cylindrical surface, a conical surface, a cylindrical thread, a non-complete tapered thread, Or a combination thereof.
  • the rolling wheel further includes an introduction portion at a head of the pipe thread forming portion,
  • the shape of the introduction portion includes a tapered surface, a curved surface, a progressive curved surface, or a combination thereof.
  • the rolling wheel further includes an introduction portion at a head of the preformed portion,
  • the shape of the lead-in portion includes a tapered surface, a curved surface, a progressive surface, or a combination thereof.
  • the introduction portion, the preformed portion, and the pipe thread forming portion are integrated Structure, or a combination of structures.
  • the pipe can be subjected to rolling pretreatment such as rounding and reducing diameter at the same time, which is effective
  • rolling pretreatment such as rounding and reducing diameter at the same time, which is effective
  • the ground pipe reduces the requirement of the pipe thread, and greatly improves the qualification rate of the pipe thread product.
  • the rolling wheel comprises the pipe thread forming portion, and the rolling wheel is opposite to the rolling
  • the wheel seat has an axially movable space in the direction of the rolling wheel axle.
  • the rolling wheel is opposite to the rolling
  • the wheel seat has a radial movable space along the radial direction of the rolling wheel axle.
  • rolling wheel and the rolling wheel shaft of the present invention may be integrated or separated. of.
  • the axial movable space is 0.1 pitch of the corresponding thread of the rolling wheel pipe forming portion Up to 1 pitch, more preferably 0.5 pitch to 1 pitch, more preferably 0.5 pitch Or 1 pitch; the radial movable space preferably does not exceed the corresponding thread of the pipe thread forming portion One pitch, more preferably not more than 0.5 pitch of the corresponding thread of the pipe thread forming portion.
  • the axially movable space and the radial active space are selected by any one selected from the group consisting of Constructed to achieve:
  • the floating connection is selected from the group consisting of a shaft hole floating connection or a bearing floating connection.
  • the shaft hole floating connection includes: the rolling wheel shaft hole surface and the rolling Any arcuate or arcuate contact connection of the axle surface; or the rolling axle and the rolling wheel seat Any of the arcuate or arcuate contact connections between the surfaces of the shaft hole connection locations.
  • the bearing floating connection is through a needle bearing or an end bearing or The combination of the two is implemented.
  • the present invention further provides a method for rolling the external thread of a pipe by using any of the above rolling heads, that is, rolling
  • the pressure roller is rolled and cut from the screw tail of the external thread of the pipe, and the thread rolling is completed in the direction of the thread head.
  • the present invention also provides a pipe thread rolling apparatus using any of the above rolling heads.
  • the rolling device can Further includes: base, power motor, workpiece clamping device, motor switch, and connecting power motor a shifting device with a hollow cylindrical workpiece clamping device or a rolling head; wherein the upper portion of the base is provided
  • the power motor and the motor switch and the clamping device for clamping a hollow cylindrical blank to be processed Positioning, the power motor is controlled by the motor switch, and the rolling wheel is caused by the shifting device
  • the hollow cylindrical blank held by the clamping device produces a relative rolling motion.
  • the rolling device may further comprise: a hollow spindle, two axes guide Column, slide;
  • the hollow motor has a hollow spindle above the power motor, and the shifting device will rotate the spindle of the power motor Connected to the hollow main shaft;
  • the upper part of the base also has the clamping for clamping and rotating the hollow cylindrical blank to be processed a device, the clamping device is concentric with the hollow spindle and integrated;
  • the two-axis guide post is disposed on the other side of the upper portion of the base and parallel to the hollow main shaft Set before and after the heart line;
  • the sliding seat is disposed on the two-axis guide column, and is horizontally slidable along the axis guiding column;
  • the rolling head is floatingly disposed on the sliding seat and is concentric with the hollow main shaft.
  • the rolling device of the present invention may further comprise a chamfering device and/or a rolling and cutting device and/or a Photoelectric sensing device; wherein the chamfering device is floatingly disposed on the sliding seat relative to the power motor And one side of the shifting device, concentric with the hollow main shaft;
  • the cutting material rolling device is disposed on the sliding seat opposite to the power motor shifting device side, Concentric with the hollow spindle;
  • the photoelectric sensing device is disposed on the rolling wheel seat in the rolling head to control rolling Interval and rolling forward and reverse order.
  • the incomplete thread tail of the thread begins to roll in and cut, using the rolling axial force generated during rolling, so that The rolling device is axially moved from the threaded tail to the threaded head while passing through the rolling device Radial synchronous feed of the rolling wheel controlled by the moving mechanism, directly rolling and forming the external thread of the tapered pipe Product.
  • the rolling device In the above method for directly rolling the external thread of the conical tube on the standard outer diameter of the steel pipe, preferably, the rolling device The axial movement is the effect of the axial force caused by the difference in the thread helix angle between the rolling wheel and the cylindrical blank.
  • the rolling device Next, from the incomplete thread of the outer threaded end of the pipe to the direction of the complete pipe external thread of the pipe threaded head Stepwise axial rolling movement.
  • the invention also provides a device for directly rolling the external thread of the conical pipe on the standard outer diameter of the steel pipe, Roller consisting of two or more non-full length sized circumferentially distributed rolling wheels Pressing device, starting from the incomplete thread tail of the external thread of the pipe, using the rolling pressure generated during rolling An axial component that causes the rolling device to move axially from the threaded tail to the threaded head while passing through Radial synchronous feed of the rolling wheel controlled by the transmission mechanism in the rolling device, directly rolling forming Conical tube external thread products.
  • two of the rolling devices are two or more rolling wheels, and the rolling device is During the axial movement of the body, the rolling wheel is simultaneously manually fed by the radial feed or mechanically Step radial feed or hydraulic synchronous radial feed or motor driven worm and worm gear mechanism Radial feed; the radial feed rate and ratio of the rolling wheel in the rolling device is the axis of the rolling device The speed and proportion of the movement are set according to the rolling process requirements of the external thread of the cone pipe.
  • the inner bore of the rolling wheel matches the drum pin mounted on the radially slidable slider or
  • the circular inner hole of the rolling wheel is matched with the standard pin shaft mounted on the radially slidable slider, and the rolling wheel is There is a certain degree of freedom between the hole and the pin, and the roller can move very flexibly in the axial and radial directions.
  • the non-full length tubular external thread rolling wheel has one or more phases Should be standard cylindrical external thread thread or the corresponding standard conical external thread thread.
  • the rolling wheel is used for rolling 55° BSPT conical external thread
  • the diameter is DN4, Number of threaded teeth when DN6, DN8, DN10, DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32 or DN40 No more than 6 lanes, for the diameter of DN50, DN65, DN80 or DN90, the number of threaded tracks does not exceed 9 Road, for the pipe diameter is DN100, DN125 or DN150, the number of threaded paths does not exceed 14;
  • the pressure roller is used for rolling the external thread of 60° NPT conical pipe, the diameter is DN4, DN6, DN8, DN10, DN15, When DN20, DN25, DN32 or DN40, the number of threaded paths does not exceed 6 and the diameter is DN50.
  • the number of threaded paths does not exceed 7;
  • the rolling wheel is used for rolling the external thread of the API conical pipe, the number of the threaded paths does not exceed the corresponding effective thread. 80% of the length.
  • the external thread rolling wheel is a spiral rolling wheel or a ring rolling wheel, or two of them Combination of people.
  • the rolling wheel is a non-full length dimension pipe external thread rolling wheel or is introduced by the introduction portion and The externally threaded portions of the non-full length pipe are combined into a single rolling wheel.
  • the rolling device is designed to be mounted on the side of the processed cylindrical blank for rolling plus
  • the external thread of the head pipe is designed to be rolled on both sides of the cylindrical body to be processed. Processing double-ended pipe external thread products.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: the prior art conical external thread rolling device is from the nozzle end (Threaded head) starts thread rolling, and the thread length of the thread forming portion of the rolling wheel used is Greater than or equal to the effective thread length of the external thread of the pipe it is machined, and during rolling, the rolling wheel diameter
  • the position is not changed in real time with the processing of the conical pipe thread, but the initial radial adjustment of the rolling After that, the radial fixed axial rolling method. Therefore, the hollow cylindrical blank should be carried out before the rolling process.
  • Rounding reduction or pre-forming process such as stamping or pressing conical surface, adding on-site rolling plus The technical difficulty of the pipe thread, the production cost and the damage to the pipe.
  • the invention abandons technical bias, creating Creatively apply the rolling process from the end of the pipe thread to the head of the pipe thread, while using the thread forming part
  • the rolling wheel has a smaller thread length than the effective thread length of the external thread of the pipe and the radial feeding of the rolling wheel Rolling conical surface and other technical means to make full use of the extra-threaded end of the incomplete thread required to roll pressure than the nozzle
  • the external pressure of the externally threaded head forms the rolling force of the external thread of the complete pipe, and the non-end of the steel pipe is not easily deformed.
  • the rolling wheel of the present invention the external thread of the incomplete pipe is started to be rolled at the end of the outer end of the non-end pipe of the steel pipe.
  • Republic of the invention Slightly the current axial or vertical extrusion conical surface process in the process of rolling the external thread of the conical tube Pressure on the pipe body material at the junction of the original outer diameter of the pipe and the conical surface, especially the weld of the welded pipe, etc.
  • the problem is that the processing method is basically the same as the thread processing step of the ferrule processing pipe which has been used for more than 100 years.
  • the method makes the external threading process of the rolling pipe simple and practical, and fully conforms to the current operating habits of the people, so that It is possible to realize the external thread of the rolling processing pipe at the pipe network installation and construction site.
  • the external pipe thread product has the same weight per unit length as the original steel pipe unit weight before rolling and is subject to Rolling cold work hardening, compared to the current traditional metal removal process Greatly improve the mechanical connection and sealing safety performance of the external thread of the pipe, and realize the non-demetallization process to make the steel
  • the goal of reducing wall thickness is expected to save 15%-35% of steel pipe material, providing a low-cost energy saving Ways to reduce emissions.
  • the method for manufacturing the external thread of a conical tube, the rolling head and the same thereof The equipment will open the traditional pipe external thread processing equipment and product production structure upgrade, revolutionize the upgrade
  • the manufacture of pipe construction machinery has great social and economic significance for the global pipeline processing machinery field.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of manufacturing a conical external thread according to the existing external technology of the rolling tube. Figure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the rolling process of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a pipe externally threaded product formed according to the conventional rolling technique.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the process of rolling the external thread of the conical tube with a two-thread rolling roller according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the rolling process of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a view showing the structure of a pipe externally threaded product of a method, a rolling head and an apparatus according to the present invention. Cutaway view.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the relative rotation between a rolling wheel and a hollow cylindrical blank in accordance with the present invention.
  • dT and rolling wheel radial adjustment force dF to achieve axial movement and rolling of the rolling head relative to the hollow cylindrical blank Schematic diagram of radial radial feed.
  • Figure 8 shows the force analysis of the workpiece during the rolling process of three rolling rollers.
  • Figure 9 is a further schematic view of the thread rolling pressure decomposition of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is the relationship between the axial movement rate and the radial feed rate.
  • Figure 11 is the axial movement rate and radial feed rate of the non-standard external thread of the two different tapers.
  • Figure 12 is a circumferentially arranged rolling wheel rotatably fixed to the rolling wheel seat Schematic diagram of the example.
  • Figure 13 is a view showing a rolling wheel of two rolling rollers arranged on the circumference and rotatably fixing a rolling head on the rolling wheel base A schematic of an embodiment.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a rolling head comprising five circumferentially arranged rolling wheels.
  • Figure 15 is a front elevational view showing an embodiment of four rolling wheel rolling heads in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a side view showing the structure of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the outer circular casing disk of Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a rolling wheel seat in the rolling head of Figure 15;
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the rolling wheel of Figure 18 in cooperation with the rolling wheel shaft.
  • Figure 20 is a rotating disk of the same type with a spiral groove on one side and a bevel gear on the other side of Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of the structure.
  • Figure 21 is a perspective view of a manually adjusted radial feed with four rolling wheel rolling heads in accordance with the present invention. Schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment.
  • Figure 22 is a radial or hydraulic proportional adjustment of the rolling wheel radial direction with three rolling wheels in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a two-end assembly needle roller of the rolling wheel in which the annular thread rolling wheel and the rolling wheel shaft are integrated according to the present invention.
  • Axial and radial movements of the floating connection between the bearing (bearing) and the bearing seat of the rolling wheel housing Schematic representation of the space.
  • Figure 27 is an alternative to the rolling wheel of the present invention and the rolling wheel shaft as an integral part - (flat) keyway Schematic diagram of the cooperation.
  • Figure 28 is a static fit of the rolling wheel shaft and the rolling wheel base of the present invention using a gapless shaft hole, not floating Connection, relying on a floating connection between the rolling wheel and the rolling axle to achieve free axial and radial movement schematic diagram.
  • Figure 29 is a cross-sectional shaft hole connection between the rolling wheel shaft and the rolling wheel base of the present invention, but not Floating connection, mainly relying on the rolling wheel and rolling axle and the floating between the rolling axle and the rolling wheel seat Connected to achieve a schematic of free axial and radial motion.
  • Figure 30 to Figure 31 show that the rolling wheel and the rolling wheel shaft of the present invention are needle rollers (bearings) and one end of the rolling wheel Schematic diagram of the free axial and radial movement of the rolling wheel seat with the end bearing floating connection.
  • FIG. 32 to FIG. 34 show that the three axial holes of the rolling wheel and the rolling wheel shaft are matched with the floating connection.
  • 35 to 36 respectively show that the thread forming portion of the rolling wheel tube of the present invention may be a tapered thread and a circle. Schematic diagram of the column thread.
  • 37 to 41 are detailed illustrations of three parts of the rolling wheel of the present invention, respectively: an introduction portion, Schematic diagram of various combinations of preformed parts and pipe thread forming parts.
  • Figure 42 is a three-part rolling wheel of the present invention: introduction, preforming and pipe thread forming part of the split form schematic diagram.
  • Figure 43 is a front elevational view showing an embodiment of an external pipe thread rolling apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Figure 44 is a side view showing the structure of Figure 43.
  • Figure 45 is a diagram showing an external pipe thread rolling method, a rolling head and a device thereof in a hollow cylindrical hair according to the present invention.
  • Figure 46 is a schematic illustration of the process at the end of the rolling process of Figure 45.
  • Figure 47 is a view showing the structure of another rolling apparatus including the rotation of the rolling head of the present invention.
  • Figure 48 is a double-headed conical external thread production apparatus for an external pipe thread rolling method according to the present invention. A schematic structural view of an embodiment.
  • the rolling head of the present invention refers to a device for rolling a pipe external thread on a hollow cylindrical blank.
  • the body member includes one or a plurality of rolling wheels for rolling the external threads of the pipe and for supporting or The rolling wheel shaft and the rolling wheel seat of the fixed rolling wheel.
  • the rolling wheel passes the rolling axle and the rolling Wheel seat fit. It should be noted that the rolling wheel and the rolling wheel shaft of the present invention may be separate or It is one.
  • the external pipe thread of the present invention refers to a pipe thread for matching the internal thread of the pipe in the pipe thread connection, Including the external thread of the cylindrical tube and the external thread of the conical tube.
  • the definition of thread terminology basically refers to the national standard GB/T14791, wherein the external thread of the pipe comprises a complete thread, an incomplete thread and a screw tail, the complete screw
  • the pattern means that the crest and the bottom of the thread have a complete shape of the thread, and the incomplete thread refers to the bottom of the tooth. Incomplete thread with incomplete crest, but it is particularly worth noting that the screw tail of the present invention is directed to the light.
  • the incomplete thread of the transition surface of the slip surface it also includes a thread adjacent to the incomplete thread of the tooth bottom.
  • the effective thread of the external thread of the pipe includes the external thread of the pipe Full thread and incomplete threaded portion, the effective thread length of the external thread of the pipe can be understood as effective The axial length of the thread.
  • the threaded head refers to the portion that first meshes with the internal thread. But in specific In the implementation, the threaded head is not necessarily at the nozzle, for example, the outer taper of the taper is processed in the variable diameter area of the pipe. The corresponding threaded head should be the side with the smallest diameter of the thread.
  • the outer surface of the rolling wheel of the present invention has a pipe thread forming portion, and the pipe thread forming portion
  • the minute is the thread corresponding to the complete thread that is required to be rolled out, and may include a cylindrical external thread or a cone External thread of the pipe; the external thread of the cylindrical pipe and the external thread of the cone include: BSPT, NPT, API and meter Standard cylindrical pipe external thread and tapered outer pipe thread.
  • the thread length of the pipe thread forming portion can be It is understood as the axial length of the thread.
  • the thread length of the contoured portion is greater than or equal to the full thread length of the external thread of the tube; In the Ming Dynasty, the thread length of the pipe thread forming part is creatively smaller than the complete thread of the corresponding pipe external thread.
  • the length of the rolling wheel greatly reduces the rolling pressure of the pipe when rolling, and also reduces the rolling Wheel material and manufacturing costs.
  • the thread length of the externally threaded portion of the tube of the present invention is smaller than the corresponding external thread of the tube
  • the effective thread length of the rolling wheel is also referred to as a non-full length rolling wheel.
  • the thread forming portion of the rolling wheel tube of the present invention contains at least one thread, and the one thread refers to The continuous axial length is a pitch thread, the threaded shape of the thread is outside the cylindrical tube being machined
  • the threaded thread or the threaded thread of the tapered tube is processed, that is, the external thread is included
  • the rolling wheel of the forming part can be rolled to machine the external thread of the above-mentioned cylindrical pipe or the external thread of the conical pipe.
  • the rolling wheel can also be used in the starting position of the hollow cylindrical blank processing.
  • the starting position of the hollow cylindrical blank processing is a tube The position where the rolling wheel first contacts the hollow cylindrical blank during external thread rolling.
  • the head of the contoured portion refers to the end portion of the pipe thread forming portion near the starting position of the hollow cylindrical blank.
  • Place The shape of the preformed portion includes a cylindrical surface, a conical surface, a cylindrical thread, a non-complete tapered thread, or a group thereof Hehe.
  • the preformed part is a cylindrical external thread
  • the external shape of the cylindrical tube and the externally threaded part of the tube The teeth are the same.
  • the preformed part is a non-completely conical external thread
  • the snail of the non-completely conical external thread The pitch of the thread is equal to the thread of the external thread forming part, and the root and tube thread forming part of the non-complete taper thread
  • the roots of the divided threads are the same, while the crests are smaller.
  • the shape of the introduction portion includes a tapered surface, a curved surface, and a progressive Surface or a combination thereof.
  • the rolling wheel can also have a guide from the starting position of the hollow cylindrical blank processing.
  • the preformed part and the pipe thread forming part Into the part, the preformed part and the pipe thread forming part.
  • Each of the above parts may be an integrated structure. It can also be a combined structure.
  • the combined structure means that the parts are sequentially divided into hollow cylindrical blanks. In the direction of the work, it can be on the same rolling axle, or it can be divided on different rolling axles. It is even divided on different rolling heads.
  • the rolling wheel base of the present invention is provided with a radial position adjusting device for adjusting the rolling wheel seat in the radial direction Positioning, thereby adjusting the radial position of the rolling wheel in real time in the radial direction of the dynamic rolling process, the movement
  • the whole process of rolling is to mean that the rolling wheel is in the process of axial rolling feeding, and the rolling wheel is continuously and continuously uninterrupted. Radial feed until the end of the rolling process.
  • the axial feed and radial feed through the feedback system can be complemented in real time. Feed distance to meet the rolling taper process requirements.
  • the radial position adjusting device can control the rolling wheel to freely move in the radial direction in the rolling head,
  • the radial direction is understood to be the vertical direction of the hollow cylindrical blank machining axis.
  • the rolling wheel is rolled and cut from the screw tail end inside the external thread of the pipe, due to the screw helix angle of the rolling wheel.
  • the rate refers to the moving speed of the rolling head relative to the hollow cylindrical blank in the direction of the processing axis of the hollow cylindrical blank;
  • the radial feed rate refers to the vertical direction of the rolling wheel in the machining axis of the hollow cylindrical blank.
  • the ratio of the radial feed rate to the axial movement rate of the present invention is equal to the outside of the tube 1/2 of the thread's real-time taper.
  • the real-time taper refers to the cone of the external thread corresponding to the thread rolling position. Degree, which is twice the angle between the tangent to the baseline of the external thread of the pipe to be machined at this point and the thread axis.
  • the baseline of the external thread of the pipe can be understood as the same axial section of the outer thread of the pipe to be machined.
  • the connection of the side thread bottom is an imaginary curve.
  • the real-time taper is 0.
  • the radial feed rate is also 0;
  • the real-time taper is The taper of the thread is 1/16, and the radial feed rate of the rolling wheel is the rolling head relative to the hollow cylindrical blank.
  • real-time taper can be used when rolling other external threads with variated threads Varying over time, correspondingly, the radial feed rate of the rolling wheel and the rolling head relative to the hollow cylindrical blank
  • the ratio of the axial movement rate is set by 1/2 of the real-time taper.
  • the 55° taper pipe external thread or the 60° taper pipe external thread according to the present invention respectively corresponds to Corresponding domestic or international standard conical external thread
  • the standard conical external thread referenced includes BSPT (GB/T7306.2-2000), NPT (GB/T12716-2002), and API (GB/T9253.2-1999)
  • the external thread of the conical tube, when the invention is used for rolling the API standard thread the external thread of the tube may be a line tube Thread, casing round thread, tubing round thread or trapezoidal sleeve thread. It should be noted that the roll of the present invention The thread that can be rolled by the pressing method, the rolling head and the rolling device is not subject to the thread labels listed herein.
  • the nominal diameter (DN) of the hollow cylindrical blank of the present invention refers to the pipe standard "low” Welded steel pipe for pressurized fluid transport (GB3091-2008), but in the actual application process of the present invention Other types of tubing are also capable of rolling threading in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.
  • the active space of the present invention should be understood as the presence of a space in which the rolling wheel is in the air. Freely move in between.
  • the axial movable space refers to the rolling wheel in the axial direction of the rolling wheel axle Activity space.
  • the axial distance of the axially movable space should be understood as the rolling wheel along the rolling.
  • the maximum distance that can be freely moved in the axial direction of the pressure wheel shaft; the maximum distance is preferably the rolling wheel snail
  • the contoured portion corresponds to 0.1 pitch of the thread to 1 pitch; more preferably, 0.5 pitch to 1 More pitch, more preferably 0.5 pitch or 1 pitch.
  • the rolling wheel tube thread forming portion Refers to the thread on the roller that corresponds to the pipe thread that is required to be rolled out.
  • the radial active space refers to the The movable space of the rolling wheel in the vertical direction along the processing axis of the hollow cylindrical blank, the radial activity
  • the moving space should be understood as the thread forming portion of the rolling wheel along the axis of the hollow cylindrical blank machining
  • the maximum distance that can be freely movable relative to the pre-machined hollow cylindrical blank in the vertical direction.
  • the maximum distance Preferably, it does not exceed one pitch of the corresponding thread of the thread forming portion of the rolling wheel. More preferably, it is not super
  • the thread forming portion of the over-rolling wheel tube corresponds to 0.5 pitch of the thread.
  • 1 to 6 are a prior art external threading process of a rolling pipe and an external threading work of a rolling pipe according to the present invention
  • Figure 1 to Figure 3 show the axial movement of the existing externally threaded rolling wheel with effective thread length However, the rolling process diagram without radial feed and its products.
  • Figure 1 shows a prior art effective thread length conical outer thread rolling wheel 80, rolled
  • the length dimension of the pipe thread forming portion of the wheel is the corresponding effective thread length
  • 425 is the taper blank taper.
  • the hollow cylindrical blank is stamped to form a 425 conical surface, and then The nozzle 420 (ie, the head 460 where the external thread of the pipe is to be machined) begins to be axially rolled to the pipe 421 (ie, The end of the outer thread 461) to be machined is finished.
  • Figure 2 clearly shows the hollow circle during rolling
  • the contact surface between the cone blank and the rolling wheel 80 is continuously increased until the rolling wheel 80 and the conical surface 425 are all rolled. The process of touching.
  • the nozzle will withstand the radial force that forms the complete thread from the beginning of the rolling, along with The axial rolling is performed, and the radial force received by the sections 420 to 421 of the pipe is continuously increased.
  • the hollow cylindrical blank in Figure 4 is the original outer diameter blank of the pipe rather than the preformed hollow circle in Figure 1.
  • Cone blank, while the two-thread rolling wheel has a 7-thread length compared to the shortest 55-degree DN6 external thread Less than 5 threads.
  • Using the rolling wheel 82 of the present invention from the non-nozzle 411 that is, the tail of the external thread of the pipe to be machined 481) begins to feed axially and radially to the nozzle 410 (ie, the head 480 of the external thread to be machined) Rolling is continued until the threaded tail 480 of the outer thread product of the tube of Figure 5 ends.
  • Figure 7 to Figure 9 show the analysis of the force applied to the workpiece during the rolling process of the three rolling rollers.
  • a radial force dF and a dynamic torque dT are applied to the outside when rolling.
  • Radial force dF and generated by dF The tangential (friction) force dTf and the tangential (frictional force) dTt generated by dT are combined to produce X and Y.
  • the three rolling component forces dX, dY and dZ of the conical pipe thread in the Z-axis direction are closely related.
  • Dividing force dX, dY and dZ distribution ratio relationship with thread profile, helix angle, pitch, hollow cylindrical blank Diameter and material, rolling wheel (installation) form, rolling wheel diameter and rolling wheel and hollow cylindrical blank Relative speed and so on are closely related.
  • the main force that deforms a hollow cylindrical blank into a conical pipe thread (including threads)
  • the tooth force dF1 and the taper force dF2) are the radial rolling pressure dR applied to the workpiece by the rolling wheel, the diameter in FIG.
  • the rolling pressure dR is approximately equal to dF, and its direction is flat with the center of the rolling wheel and the center of the hollow cylindrical blank. Row or overlap; caused by the relative rotation of the hollow cylindrical blank and the rolling wheel by the dynamic torque dT Tangential (friction) force dTt and dTf produced by dF rotate the workpiece; due to the beginning of the hollow cylindrical blank
  • the actual helix angle of the starting angle and the rolling wheel is different, mainly the dynamic torque makes the hollow cylindrical blank and the rolling head Rotation while generating relative axial (Z-axis direction) movement; while continuing to dynamically apply taper forming force dF2, thereby completing the external thread processing of the pipe by the method of the present invention.
  • Figures 10 through 11 further illustrate the radial and axial synchronous feed of standard and non-standard threads. Rate relationship.
  • the rolling wheel is in the process of axial rolling, according to the standard cone Degree feed.
  • a is equal to 1/32
  • in cylindrical pipe thread rolling a Equal to 0.
  • a1 is not equal to a2, and the rolling wheel is rolled in the axial direction.
  • the radial feed position will be changed in real time by the taper feeding of a1 to the taper feeding according to a2. In reality, the taper rolls the radial feed control.
  • Figures 12 through 14 show the distribution of the rolling wheels of the three rolling heads of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a rolling head in the number one rolling wheel.
  • a plurality of rolling wheels can be generated to simultaneously roll the hollow cylinder The same process effect of the blank 40.
  • This single rolling wheel rotates at high speed to make the hollow cylindrical blank circumference
  • the same point rolling interval on the surface is equivalent to the interval between several rolling wheels for rolling the workpiece.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of two rolling wheel rolling heads equally distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • 40 in the picture It is a hollow cylindrical blank, 61 is a rolling wheel seat chute, 86 is a rolling wheel seat, and 82 is a rolling wheel.
  • the rolling wheel base 86 of Figures 12 and 13 is realized by the transmission mechanism along the rolling wheel seat chute. Radial feed required.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of five rolling wheel rolling heads equally distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • 1 is the base
  • 40 is a hollow cylindrical blank
  • 61 is a rolling wheel seat chute
  • 62 is a servo motor
  • 69 is a ball screw
  • 82 is a rolling wheel.
  • the servo motor 62 turns The driving rod 82 drives the rolling wheel 82 on the rolling wheel seat 86 to move radially.
  • FIG. 15 to 20 show a pipe externally threaded rolling head with four rolling wheels of the present invention,
  • Figure 15 shows the outer circular housing disk 60 with the bottom two sides passing The two cylinders 602 on the two link plates 601 float with the center circular hole on both sides of the sliding seat in the rolling device Connected; the gap is floated to solve the problem in the center of the hollow cylindrical blank and the rolling head in actual operation. The problem of consistent heart position.
  • Figure 16 shows the outer circular housing disk 60 and the rotating disk 66.
  • the rotating disk 66 passes The shaft hole is fitted to the right side of the outer circular housing disk 60 and is mounted concentrically with the outer circular housing disk 60 in its round shaft portion. Above, the rotating disk 66 is provided with a spiral groove 662 on the side opposite to the outer circular housing disk 60 (as shown in FIG. 20). Show).
  • Figure 17 shows four radial rolling wheel housing chutes 61 on the outer circular housing disk 60.
  • Figure 18 shows The rolling roller seat 86 passes through a plurality of spiral convex grooves 861 on the right side thereof and a spiral groove 662 of the rotary disk 66 The rolling wheel chute 61 of the outer circular casing disk 60 is radially moved in cooperation with each other.
  • a bevel gear 661 is formed on the right side of the rotary disk 66, and its central axis is substantially the same as the central axis of the rolling head. Lines coincide.
  • the bevel gear 661 meshes with another bevel gear on the gear control lever 64.
  • the gear control The central axis of the other bevel gear of the rod 64 is along the longitudinal axis of the gear control lever 64 and with the bevel gear
  • the central axis of 661 is at an angle which, in the particular embodiment shown, is 90°.
  • Rotating gear The lever 64 can rotate the rotating disk 66 about its own axis.
  • the rolling wheel seat 86 is driven along the outer circular housing disk 60.
  • the rolling wheel seat chute 61 is moved radially.
  • the front end of the rolling wheel base 86 passes through the circular pin shaft.
  • 83 is equipped with a non-full length outer tube thread rolling wheel 82, and the rolling wheel 82 has an introduction portion on both sides of the longitudinal direction Section 8A1, preformed portion 8B1 and tapered pipe thread forming portion 8C, threaded portion of the pipe thread forming portion
  • the number is two, but other numbers may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the same forming structure on both sides It is for the service life of double rolling wheels.
  • the center hole of the outer thread rolling wheel 82 is matched with the circular pin shaft 83
  • the wheel can automatically contact the teeth, further reducing the damage caused by the rolling radial force on the pipe.
  • the worm 63 drives the gear control 64 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating disk 66 to rotate, by rolling the wheel base 86
  • the helical groove 861 interacts with the spiral groove 661 on the rotating disk 66 at the outer circular housing disk 60
  • Four non-full length sized tubes on four rolling wheel seats are synchronously controlled in the radial direction of the rolling wheel chute 61
  • Externally threaded rolling wheel 82 thereby forming a shaft which is composed of a plurality of radially movable non-full length rolling rollers Rolling head to the outer diameter of the moving conical tube, and the purpose of rolling the external thread of different sizes of tubes.
  • the rotation of the rotating disk can also be achieved by other transmissions than gearing.
  • the worm gear 63 can also be of other transmission mechanisms known in the art, such as ball screws, crank joints. Rod instead.
  • the number of rolling wheels in the above rolling head is one, two, four, five in the above embodiment. In addition, other numbers may be used, for example, three, six or more. Wherein preferably 4 or 5 One.
  • FIG 21 shows an embodiment of another externally threaded rolling head.
  • the pipe external thread rolling head includes a spring-equipped cylinder 75, two guide posts 71, a middle rod 771 and an upper rolling wheel mounted on the 771 Seat 761, lower rod 772 and lower rolling wheel base 762 mounted on 772, upper rod 770, screw rod 73, moving The force rotates the handle 72, and four floating adjustment bolts 74 (two bolts are not shown later). in spite of The number of adjustment bolts in this embodiment is four, but it should be understood that it may be, for example, two, three, or the like.
  • the upper end and the lower end of the two guide posts 71 are respectively associated with the upper rod 770 and the lower rod 772 of the external thread rolling device.
  • the two sides are fixedly connected to form a frame structure.
  • Two guide posts 71 are respectively disposed on both sides of the middle rod 771
  • the hole, the middle rod 771 is slidable up and down relative to the hole.
  • a vertical threaded hole is opened in the upper rod 770.
  • wire The bar 73 is engaged with the threaded hole, and the upper end of the screw rod 73 is fixedly connected with the power rotating handle 72, and the lower end is abutted
  • the middle rod 771 is used to guide the middle rod 771 along the two sides when the rotating handle 72 drives the screw 73 to rotate.
  • the column 71 moves up and down to drive the upper rolling wheel base 761 on the middle rod 771 to move radially.
  • cylinder 75 The bottom is floatingly connected to the central circular hole gap of the rolling device slide 102, and the spiral is placed on the cylindrical body 75.
  • the two ends of the spring abut against the rolling device slide 102 and the lower rod 772, respectively, thereby realizing the floating connection of the rolling head Pick up.
  • Four floating adjusting bolts 74 (the latter two adjusting bolts are not shown) are screwed to the lower rod 772 And protruding downward from the lower surface thereof and the protruding end thereof is spaced apart from the surface of the rolling device slide 102 by a certain distance,
  • the length protruding from the lower rod can be adjusted by the threaded connection to adjust and slide the sliding device 102 The separation distance, thereby controlling the swinging amplitude of the rolling head left and right.
  • Upper and lower end rolling wheel seat along hollow circle In the circumferential direction of the column blank 40, two upper rolling wheels 82 and two lower rolling wheels 82 are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the rolling wheel snail is rolled.
  • the number of lanes is preferably two, and the upper and lower rolling wheel seats and the rolling wheel 82 are assembled in a manner similar to the foregoing.
  • the method of application is not described here.
  • the up and down feed of the middle rod 771 is controlled by rotating the rotary handle 72. Thereby controlling the radial feed position of the rolling wheel 82 for effecting the axial movement of the rolling device of the present invention
  • the radial rolling wheel is radially synchronously fed according to the rolling taper and the threading process requirements, and the rolling is not realized.
  • the purpose of the same size steel pipe external thread products It should be noted that the rotation of the rotary handle 72 can be manually implemented. However, the rotation is also driven by direct drive rotation by a motor or by any transmission mechanism known in the art.
  • Figure 22 shows an embodiment of a hydraulically adjusted tubular externally threaded rolling head comprising: a fixed disc 60.
  • Three hydraulic cylinders 68 installed in the circumferential direction and a cylinder proportional servo valve 67; the inner end of the cylinder Mounting the rolling wheel base 86 and the rolling wheel 82 of the present invention mounted on the rolling wheel base; the rolling wheel base 86 and the rolling
  • the assembly of the pressure roller 82 is similar to that of the two embodiments described above, and will not be described herein.
  • Start up The force source cylinder drives the rolling wheel seat 86 through the proportional servo control valve 67 for implementing the hollow circle of the present invention.
  • the structure of the rolling head can also refer to the patents listed below Reasonable setting and modification of the corresponding rolling head device: US5699691A, US3058196A, EP282889A2, US3452567A, US3058196A, US20060162411A1, JP10034270A, JP10244340A, JP2003126937A, JP9327742A, CN100542735C, CN2555962Y, CN103264128A, CN103286245A, SU1344479A1, US20120011912A1 US4617816A, US4785649A, US5870918A, GB1150525A, JP1273637A, SU703197A1.
  • Figures 23 to 36 show the externally threaded rolling wheel of the present invention and its various axial and radial clearances. Match the schematic.
  • each of the above figures illustrates that the rolling wheel 82 is embedded in the rolling wheel seat through the rolling wheel shafts 83 at both ends.
  • the sleeve 766 of the 76 increases the flexibility of the floating of the rolling wheel and the rolling wheel seat.
  • mark 891 and 892 are respectively axial gaps and radial gaps.
  • Figure 23 is a cylindrical hole in which the two ends of the spiral rolling wheel 82 are a convex arc-shaped shaft column and a rolling wheel base 76.
  • the axial hole fit between the floating connections forms axial and radial active spaces, ie axial clearance and radial Clearances 891, 892.
  • Figure 24 is a convex arc shape of the cylindrical roller column and the rolling wheel base 76 at both ends of the annular rolling wheel 82.
  • the shaft hole between the holes cooperates to realize a floating connection, forming an axial and radial movable space, that is, an axial gap and Radial gaps 891, 892.
  • the axial hole between the curved holes cooperates to realize a floating connection, forming an axial and radial movable space, that is, between the axial directions Gap and radial gaps 891, 892.
  • the above-mentioned structure uses an integrated rolling wheel, that is, the rolling wheel shaft 83 and the rolling wheel 82 are integrated into one.
  • Type structure the biggest advantage of using the integrated rolling wheel is that the diameter of the rolling wheel is not affected by the diameter of the inner diameter of the rolling wheel 82 and The diameter of the shaft 83 is such that the diameter of the roller can be small, for example: 10 mm or even smaller. This creates technical conditions for increasing the number of rolling wheels in the rolling head.
  • Figure 26 is a two-end assembly needle roller bearing of the rolling wheel which is integrated with the rolling roller and the rolling wheel shaft of the present invention. Axial and radial movements are achieved between the bearing bore of the rolling wheel housing and the needle bearing Schematic diagram of the structure of space.
  • FIG. 26 is different from FIG. 23, FIG. 24, and FIG. 25, and Needle bearing 836 is used on the rolling wheel base 76, and the use of the needle bearing 836 can further greatly improve the rolling The sliding rotation effect between the pressure roller shaft 83 and the hole of the roller housing 76.
  • Figure 27 is an alternative to the rolling wheel 82 of the present invention and the rolling wheel shaft 83 as an integral part, even if A schematic view of the cooperation with the (flat) keyway 835.
  • Figure 28 is a static fit of the rolling wheel shaft 83 and the rolling wheel base 76 of the present invention using a gapless shaft hole and Non-floating connection, relying on a floating connection between the rolling wheel 82 and the rolling wheel shaft 83 to achieve a free axial direction 891 and radial 892 activities.
  • Figure 29 is a perspective view of the use of a gap shaft hole between the rolling wheel shaft 83 and the rolling wheel base 76 of the present invention. But not a floating connection, mainly relying on the floating connection between the rolling wheel 82 and the rolling wheel shaft 83 to achieve By axial and radial movement, the rolling wheel 82 and the rolling axle 83, the rolling axle 83 are illustrated. There is an axial gap 891 between the rolling wheel seat 76 and radial gaps 8921, 8922 at two positions.
  • FIG. 30 to 31 show the use of a needle roller (shaft) according to the rolling wheel 82 and the rolling wheel shaft 83 of the present invention in Fig. 26. Bearing) floating connection, while the two end faces of the rolling wheel adopt end face bearings to achieve free axial and radial In the case of activity; the use of needle roller (bearing) 836 and end bearing 837 can further greatly improve rolling The sliding rotation effect between the wheel 82 and the rolling wheel shaft 83 and between the rolling wheel 82 and the rolling wheel base 76.
  • Figure 33 is a cylindrical structure of the rolling wheel shaft 83, and the inner ring of the annular rolling wheel 82 is a convex arc-shaped knot. Structure.
  • Figure 34 is a convex arc-shaped structure in the middle of the rolling wheel shaft 83, and the inner hole of the annular rolling wheel 82 is also external. Convex circular arc structure.
  • 35 to 36 respectively show that the thread forming portions of the rolling wheel 82 of the present invention are respectively conical snails.
  • 825 is the diameter of the two end holes of the rolling wheel, which is equal to the roll
  • the diameter of the pinch shaft plus 0.1 to 1 pitch corresponding to the thread of the rolling wheel forms a radial active space 892.
  • each of the above rolling wheels may be a spiral thread or a ring thread, and the cylindrical roller Or a tapered roller, depending on the rolling process needs.
  • the above shaft hole fit or bearing Combination or other form of cooperation the purpose of which is to produce a rolling wheel relative to a rolling wheel seat or a rolling wheel.
  • the axially and radially freely movable space disclosed in the present invention can be realized with respect to the rolling axle for rolling Several rolling wheels are free to move to the teeth at the initial moment.
  • the preformed portion B1 and the tapered pipe thread forming portion C are an integrated structure
  • Figure 38 is a conical surface introduction portion A2 on the rolling wheel 82, and a non-complete conical pipe thread preforming portion.
  • a sub-B2 and a conical pipe thread forming portion C are a combined structure;
  • a lead-in portion A3 including a progressive curved surface on the rolling wheel 82, and a cylindrical preform portion.
  • the combined structure of the B3 and the tapered pipe thread forming portion C is integrated;
  • Figure 40 is a view showing a lead-in portion A1 and a conical tube thread which are formed on the rolling wheel 82 in a convex arcuate surface.
  • the type portion C is an integrated structure;
  • Figure 41 is a view showing a non-complete cylindrical pipe thread preforming portion B2 and a conical snail on the rolling wheel 82.
  • the pattern forming portion C is an integrated structure.
  • Figure 42 shows the three-part split structure of the rolling wheel 82 of the present invention, that is, the introduction portion A, preforming The portion B and the tapered pipe thread forming portion C are sequentially separated on the rolling wheel shaft 83 to form the rolling wheel 82.
  • schematic diagram shows the three-part split structure of the rolling wheel 82 of the present invention, that is, the introduction portion A, preforming The portion B and the tapered pipe thread forming portion C are sequentially separated on the rolling wheel shaft 83 to form the rolling wheel 82.
  • Figure 43 is a front elevational view showing the structure of an external pipe thread rolling apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Figure 44 is a side view showing the structure of Figure 43.
  • the device comprises a base 1, and the upper side of the base 1 is provided with a moving
  • the force motor 22 and the shifting device 21 and the motor switch 20 are used to clamp the hollow cylindrical blank 40 and Rotating clamping device 3; on the other side of the upper part of the base 1, the parallel spindle center line is located side by side in a water
  • Two axes guide column 11 in the plane, the guide column is provided with a rack;
  • the bottom side of the slide 10 is installed on two shaft guide columns 11 , the inner side of the bottom side of the slide 10 and the guide post 11 are provided with gears, and the aforementioned guide column
  • the racks on the 11 are matched, and the slider 10 can be moved axially by the rotation of the crank 101; the slider 10 is relatively
  • One side of the power motor shifting device 21 is provided with a conical outer thread rolling which is concentric with the main shaft and floats Device 6, the rolling device 6 is provided with four circumferentially distributed embodiments
  • the wheel 82 is fed with a radial taper and a thread rolling process.
  • Photoelectric sensor 121 and photoelectric sensing stem 122 Into the photoelectric sensing device.
  • the rolling wheel starts from the rolling starting end of the hollow cylindrical blank, the rolling is completed to the nozzle end
  • the product threaded head contacts the photoelectric sensing contact 122, and the sensor 121 is activated to stop the main motor 22.
  • the servo motor 62 rotates in the reverse direction, and the rolling wheel 82 exits the rolling processing station.
  • the rolling device can be equipped with a cutting device 5 and a chamfering device 9, so that the device has The ability to machine any length of product and chamfer deburring.
  • Figure 45 is a diagram showing an external pipe thread rolling method, a rolling head and an apparatus in a hollow cylindrical body according to the present invention.
  • Figure 46 is a schematic illustration of the end of the rolling process of the present invention of Figure 45.
  • Figure 45 shows the condition of the equipment starting from the completion of the cutting and preparing to roll.
  • Figure 46 shows the rolling finish At the time of the activation, under the action of the photoelectric sensing device 12, the rolling wheel 82 is radially withdrawn, and the external threaded product is completed. Schematic diagram of machining and preparing chamfering.
  • Figure 47 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus including the rotation of the rolling head of the present invention.
  • the device includes a machine Seat 1, the upper left side of the base 1 is provided with a power motor 22 and a shifting device 21 and a motor switch 20, and the shifting gear
  • the device 21 is connected to the hollow main shaft 23 to change the high speed and small torque of the power motor 22 into a hollow main shaft.
  • Low speed and high torque rotation; the hollow main shaft 23 is connected to the rolling head 6; thus the power motor 22 rotates through the air
  • the spindle of the heart drives the rolling head 6 to rotate and the one end is fixed by the clamping device 3, and the other end is positioned by the center hole.
  • the external thread of the hollow cylindrical blank 40 positioned centrally by the needle device 91; at the upper part of the base 1, the parallel main shaft
  • the center line is provided with a double plane guide 11 in the same horizontal plane; the bottom of the slide 10 is mounted on the plane rail 11 is provided with a clamping device 3 on the side of the sliding seat 10 and a hollow cylindrical hair coaxially on the other side.
  • the pipe thread rolling device 6 is provided with four circumferentially distributed radial rays. Synchronized rolling roller 82.
  • the product threaded head contacts the photoelectric sensing device 121,
  • the main motor 22 is stopped, while the servo motor 62 is rotated in the reverse direction, and the rolling wheel 82 is taken out of the rolling process.
  • the work station completes the processing of the external thread of the rolling pipe.
  • rolling according to process needs
  • the device can be equipped with a cutting device.
  • the hollow cylindrical blank center hole positioning device 91 is changed to the chamfering device 9,
  • the device additionally has the function of processing any length of product and chamfering deburring.
  • the rolling head of the present invention can be applied not only to the above rolling equipment, but also to those skilled in the art. According to the spirit of the present invention, it can also be applied to the corresponding rolling involved in the patents listed below. Any one of the devices or a possible combination between them: US4771625A, JP1273637A, CN102198590A, CN202316603U, CN103264128A, CN1251821C.
  • Figure 48 is an illustration of an embodiment of a double-ended conical external thread production apparatus manufactured in accordance with the method of the present invention.
  • the left and right sides are respectively provided with rolling heads 6 of different steering directions.
  • Hollow cylindrical blank 40 When rotated at the set speed, the left and right two rolling heads 6 are respectively threaded tails which are to be machined at 411. The part begins to roll in and cuts, and the threaded head that is to be processed from the inside to the outside of 410 is rolled and cut. with When the radial feed device motor 62 of the rolling head 6 is used, the double-headed conical external thread products are rolled and added. work.
  • the axial and radial working modes of the left and right rolling heads, the basic configuration and function of the equipment and the aforementioned The same, not to repeat here.
  • Gas-only galvanized steel pipe has an outer diameter of 423 of 42.4 mm, an ordinary wall thickness of 3.50 mm, and an inner diameter of 422. It is 35.40 mm.
  • the existing external pipe threading process is adopted, and the large-tonnage axial punch is adopted.
  • the inner diameter 422 of the steel pipe is reduced by 3.11 mm, that is, the external thread of the pipe after rolling processing
  • the inner diameter is not only affected by the taper diameter of the taper, but also by a roll of about 1.5 mm.
  • the effect of the inner diameter reshrinking diameter is only 32.29 mm at the minimum end of the inner diameter, and the percentage of the inner diameter of the steel pipe is reduced. 9%, far greater than the 3.4% reduction in the inner diameter of the steel pipe allowed by the aforementioned national and international standards.
  • the pipe thread forming portion has only two threaded rolling wheels 82, and the thread length is less than the effective thread length of the product. 20% of the length of the 11-thread thread, and also the rolling wheel length of the rolling wheel of the present invention is the existing rolling technology Less than 20% of the length of the pressure roller.
  • the rolling head is started by the outer threaded end 481 of the 411 which is also to be machined.
  • the rolling method eliminates the stamping process and equipment, and avoids the stamping pressure on the pipe body material during the taper forming. Especially in the conspicuous and dominant damage of the welded pipe welds at the intersection of the standard outer diameter and the tapered surface of the steel pipe, Reduce the safety hazard of the existing rolling technology on the external thread of the pipe, and reduce the inner hole of the steel pipe The 482 reduction is only 50% of the prior art, which increases the stability of fluid transport within the tube.
  • the wheel 82 causes the rolling wheel to be rolled into the position 411, and the spiral rising angle of the rolling wheel and the hollow cylindrical blank 40 are utilized.
  • the difference in the lead-in angle causes the carriage 10 to automatically move from the position 411 to the double guide column 11 to 410.
  • the outer threaded head 480 of the worker moves axially.
  • the servo motor 62 passes the preset The program automatically feeds radially according to the requirements of the rolling taper process; when rolling in the rolling device 6 on the carriage 10
  • the photoelectric sensing device 12 operates to turn off the main power.
  • the servo motor 62 is started to rotate in the reverse direction, and the rolling wheel 82 is separated from the external thread product 48, and the rolling is added. The work is completed.
  • the floating chamfering device can be 9 used together.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 and FIG. 45 and FIG. 46 they are compared with each other, and the conical outer screw of the present invention Method for embossing products, rolling head and equipment thereof, and manufacturing method of prior art conical external thread products, The differences in the rolling head and its equipment are obvious, and the beneficial effects are:
  • the steel tube of the rolled externally threaded product The length of the bit is the same as the weight per unit length of the original steel pipe before rolling and is subjected to rolling cold hard
  • the pressure bearing capacity is increased by about 100% compared with the corresponding standard external thread of the cutting tube; It is easy to see that on the basis of improving the safety of the external thread connection of the pipe, it is possible to reduce the outer diameter or wall of the steel pipe. Thick, thus reducing the amount of steel used in steel pipes, achieving the goal of environmental protection for energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • the rolling wheel can start to roll the point of entry from the screw tail of the external thread of the pipe, or it can be From the screw tail of the effective thread or from the screw tail of the complete thread or other non-threaded port of the complete thread The end starts rolling and cutting, and the thread rolling is completed in the direction of the thread head.
  • rolling wheels It can be rolled from the head of the external thread of the pipe, and the rolling wheel is gradually pressed radially from the inside to the outside.
  • the process requires rolling to the end of the external thread of the conical tube.
  • the rolling head can be relative to the fixed hollow cylindrical steel
  • the rotation of the device of the tube blank or the device for fixing the blank cylindrical tube blank relative to the rolling head device The rotation or the relative rotation of the two.
  • Each rolling wheel can also have its own rotating power to roll the axle
  • the center rotates itself to produce motion relative to the hollow cylindrical blank.
  • Several rolling wheel seats can be synchronous radial Feed motion or non-synchronous motion.
  • the aforementioned number of rolling wheel threads for different types of steel: such as Carbon steel pipe, stainless steel pipe, copper steel pipe, titanium alloy steel pipe to 24 and special alloy steel pipe, etc.
  • Steel pipes of the same size such as 1/16 inch and above, or other non-standard outer diameter pipe, for no Same as steel pipe thickness, seamed seamless steel pipe, for different pipe external thread type: such as NPT, BSPT, API
  • the metric pipe thread and the like can be adjusted according to the aforementioned suitable rolling pressure principle of the present invention, by adjusting The axial head and the radial feed ratio of the rolling head device are then processed outside the tube by the rolling method disclosed in the present invention.
  • the thread determines the length of the roller to accommodate a variety of standard and non-standard pipes.
  • the rolling method of the present invention does not However, it is suitable for hollow cylindrical blanks and is also suitable for solid cylindrical blanks. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is regarded as The scope defined by the appended claims is subject to the scope of the claims.
  • dZ is the axial component of the spiral angle difference between the rolling wheel and the cylindrical blank

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Abstract

一种管外螺纹滚压加工方法、滚压头及其滚压设备。使滚压轮相对于空心圆柱毛坯由螺尾向螺纹头部沿轴向滚压移动，同时通过所述径向位置调节装置控制滚压轮径向进给，使得滚压轮径向进给随着轴向滚压位置的变化而变化，从而直接滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹。滚压头包括至少一个沿圆周布置的滚压轮及相应的滚压轮轴和滚压轮座，滚压轮通过滚压轮轴可转动地固定到滚压轮座，滚压轮上设有管螺纹成型部分，管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度小于所滚压的管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度。一种包括这种滚压头的滚压设备。从而，钢管端部在滚压期间不容易变形、显著节约空心圆柱毛坯的材料、提高成品率。

Description

用于滚压管外螺纹的方法、滚压头及其设备
本申请要求2013年3月31日提交的申请号为CN201310110406.0的在先 申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及管道产品和管道加工机械领域，且具体涉及一种用于滚压 管外螺纹的方法、滚压头及其设备。
背景技术
由于滚压管外螺纹相比切削管外螺纹具有管螺纹机械连接强度高、密封性 能好等优点，被越来越多的人们所重视，相应的制造工艺在国家发明专利 “CN200310111695.2”和发明专利“CN200710106912.7”也有所披露。然而， 上述的二个发明专利所揭示的二种滚压管外螺纹加工方法都是先进行轴向冲 压或径向挤压圆锥面然后再进行管外螺纹滚压加工的工艺。相比切削管外螺纹 一道加工成形方法，这二种加工工艺均需要利用圆锥形模具机械的或者是液压 的轴向冲压或者是径向挤压空心圆柱毛坯工件，即先加工形成圆锥面，再在圆 锥面上滚压加工管外螺纹。
显然所述的这二种滚压管外螺纹加工工艺至少存在着下列3个问题：
1.由于滚压管外螺纹加工工艺比目前套丝或者是切削加工管外螺纹工艺 多了一道设备庞大的圆锥面加工工序，不但费时，而且对于管网现场加工管外 螺纹操作非常不便，无法使人接受。
2.由于巨大的轴向瞬间冲压或径向挤压压力，锥面成形时，钢管原始外径 与圆锥面交界处的管体材料，特别是焊管的此处焊缝，容易受到隐性和显性的 破坏，造成管外螺纹产品安全隐患。
3.由于现有滚压钢管毛坯外径是以切削工艺而定的钢管外径，对于滚压而 言其外径偏大。在冲压形成圆锥面时，尽管圆锥面为1:16，但滚压后产品内径 锥面往往大于标准锥度1:16，或者是锥面长度（高度）远远大于标准允许的长 度，造成滚压管外螺纹产品内孔最大缩小量大于标准允许的钢管外径和钢管壁 厚最大偏差值之累计所造成的最大内径缩小量，对流体输送稳定性可能产生一 定影响。
从另一方面而言，如果不对现有标准钢管外径采用圆锥面加工的话，要么 滚压加工成形的管外螺纹尺寸过大，要么管体容易变型或者是开裂。因此，冲 压或挤压是现有管外螺纹滚压技术的必须工艺。究其原因，这是上述二项发明 专利工艺设计上的缺陷以及以切削管螺纹技术制定的钢管标准外径作为滚压 钢管外径滚压加工管外螺纹等原因所造成的。
针对切削钢管外径过大不适合直接滚压，有一种利用滚压工艺在钢管标准 外径上先进行滚压使钢管外径缩减至一定尺寸，即标准管外螺纹的中径，然后 再滚压加工圆锥管外螺纹的方法。这种方法在滚压缩小钢管外径加工时会产生 不易控制钢管椭圆度、钢管表面镀层受损以及滚压后产生钢管内孔缩小过多等 现象。解决此问题的方法是在生产钢管时直接生产出符合滚压工艺要求的比标 准钢管外径偏小的滚压专用外径钢管。但滚压钢管外径与壁厚尚无国家和国际 标准，市场推广和接受需要一定的时间，这势必会影响到滚压管外螺纹工艺的 推广和应用。
通过上述描述与分析，不难发现：在使用现有标准外径的钢管情况下，省 略轴向冲压或径向挤压工艺，简化工艺步骤，使滚压管外螺纹既符合国家和国 际标准，又符合目前人们操作习惯是推广滚压管外螺纹这一优秀工艺的关键所 在。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以现有的管材标准外径作为滚压管外螺纹的 空心圆柱毛坯外径，可以不通过圆锥形模具机械的或者是液压的轴向冲压或径 向挤压空心圆柱毛坯加工形成圆锥面的预备工艺，仅仅通过一次滚压这一贯穿 始终的工艺方法，直接在管材标准外径的空心圆柱体毛坯上滚压加工成形密封 圆锥管外螺纹的制造方法、滚压头及其设备，使滚压圆锥管外螺纹加工工艺简 单、实用和完整，并且尽量符合人们目前的操作习惯。
本发明一方面提供一种滚压加工管外螺纹的方法，其特征在于，将滚压轮 从所述管外螺纹的螺尾开始滚压切入，向螺纹头部方向完成螺纹滚压。
现有螺纹滚压工艺有二种：径向滚压法和轴向滚压法。70多年来径向滚 压工艺技术被实际证明无法实施不借助芯棒的管外螺纹的滚压，而现有的管外 螺纹滚压工艺沿袭的是管外螺纹切削的加工方式，是从内外螺纹啮合的起始 端，亦即螺纹头部开始切入滚压完整管外螺纹开始的轴向滚压法。除了技术偏 见之外，目前的轴向滚压技术也只能从螺纹头部开始滚压，否则管螺纹产品的 螺纹长度大大超出标准管螺纹长度。径向与轴向滚压的工艺技术困难和对切削 工艺的承袭造成滚压管外螺纹从螺纹头部开始滚压这一工艺技术的必然。由于 管口端是管外螺纹最小直径端，其径向变形是整个管螺纹段最大处。在滚压加 工初始阶段（也即数个滚压轮对牙时）管口受到较大的径向应力；同时随着管 外螺纹成形过程的深入和材料冷作硬化，管材受到的滚压力不断增强，对于焊 管或者是薄壁管极易产生由管口端部开始的管体焊缝开裂或者是管体变形，直 接导致现有的管外螺纹滚压技术对管材有矫圆缩径或者是冲压或挤压锥度的 要求；同时对管材的成分、壁厚、壁厚均匀度以及焊缝质量等技术指标要求很 高。即便如此，在实际操作中受到管材标准宽松的影响，现有滚压技术生产的 滚压管外螺纹产品合格率仍然难以在80％以上，滚压管外螺纹工艺不可靠，造 成现有滚压管外螺纹工艺，特别是现场施工滚压管外螺纹工艺，难以推广。本 发明克服了目前径向滚压的技术困难，破除现有轴向滚压管外螺纹这一偏见， 创造性地采取从管外螺纹尾端开始滚压切入，向螺纹头部方向完成滚压的管外 螺纹加工方法。一方面利用管材非端口部（内侧）受挤压后比端口部不容易变 形的特点；另一方面，对于管外螺纹，特别是圆锥管外螺纹，利用其螺纹尾部 不完整螺纹的技术标准，有效地降低了滚压加工初始滚压轮与空心圆柱毛坯啮 合阶段的滚压力要求，极大地放宽了管材的适用度，不但适用于现有的有缝与 无缝、厚壁与薄壁管材，而且适用于相对较软的各种壁厚的铜管或者是铝合金 管等等其它各类金属管材；通过对不同管材屈服强度与滚压管外螺纹形成力的 计算，合理的控制滚压力，使产品合格率达到99.9%以上，使滚压管螺纹技术 的实用性大大增强。
为了进一步减小作用在空心圆柱毛坯上的滚压力，在本发明如上所述的管 外螺纹滚压加工方法中，优选地其进一步的特征在于，所述滚压轮上含有管螺 纹成型部分，所述管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度小于所滚压的所述管外螺纹的有 效螺纹长度。更优选地，所述管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度为所述管外螺纹的一 道螺纹长度、二道螺纹长度、三道螺纹长度、四道螺纹长度或五道螺纹长度。 优选的是一道、二道、三道和四道螺纹。
目前现有技术的管外螺纹滚压设备所使用的滚压轮的管螺纹成型部分的 螺纹长度大于或等于管外螺纹有效螺纹的长度，这样随着滚压的进行，滚压轮 与管材圆柱毛坯的接触面积不断增加，随着材料的冷作硬化，管材圆柱毛坯受 到的滚压力也不断增加，极易导致管材，特别是端口的变形与开裂，本发明采 用管外螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度小于所滚压的所述管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度 的滚压轮，有效地减小了接触面积，在保证螺纹充分成形的前提下，亦即减小 了管材圆柱毛坯所受到的滚压力的径向分力，不但对管材的材质、焊缝、壁厚 等要求降低，而且降低了滚压轮材料成本和制造成本，同时使滚压管螺纹工艺 可靠成熟，产品合格率提高至99.9％以上。
本发明提供的上述滚压方法既可以用于圆柱管外螺纹的滚压，也可以用于 圆锥管螺纹的滚压。
本发明在上述滚压方法用于滚压圆锥管外螺纹时创造性地应用了管外螺 纹实时锥度概念，增加滚压全过程中径向位置动态实时调节装置，所述管外螺 纹实时锥度径向位置调节装置能够在滚压全过程中实时动态调节所述滚压轮 座沿径向移动的位置，其目的是为了在滚压管外螺纹的同时，实现其实时锥度 的滚压，打破了轴向冲压或径向挤压形成圆锥面的技术偏见。本发明利用滚压 时产生的滚压轴向分力，使所述滚压轮由螺尾向螺纹头部沿轴向滚压移动，或 者是空心圆柱毛坯相对于滚压轮由螺尾向螺纹头部轴向移动；同时通过所述径 向位置调节装置控制的滚压轮同步按实时锥度径向动态进给，使得滚压轮径向 进给随着轴向滚压位置的变化而变化，从而避免了冲压或挤压圆锥面的工艺而 直接滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹，使滚压管螺纹工艺方便实用。现有滚压管螺 纹技术采用轴向滚压技术，也就是说一旦滚压设备中滚压轮径向位置调整完 毕，空心圆锥毛坯进入滚压工位，滚压轮径向位置固定直至滚压完成，滚压轮 径向退出，工件退出。虽然滚压轮也可以径向进给和退出调节，但其进给运动 关系与管螺纹的牙型成形特别是圆锥面成形过程无关，其目的、实施的技术手 段和最终技术效果与本发明是完全不同。
优选地，所述滚压轮能够通过径向位置调节装置在动态滚压全过程实时调 节其沿径向的位置，从而形成滚压工艺所需要的锥度。
优选地，利用滚压时所述滚压轮产生的滚压轴向分力，使所述滚压轮相对 于空心圆柱毛坯由螺尾向螺纹头部滚压移动，同时通过所述径向位置调节装置 控制滚压轮径向进给，使得滚压轮径向进给随着轴向位置的变化而变化，从而 直接滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹。
优选地，所述滚压轮相对于所述空心圆柱毛坯的轴向滚压移动是所述滚压 头轴向移动而所述空心圆柱毛坯轴向静止，或者是所述空心圆柱毛坯轴向移动 而所述滚压头轴向静止，或者是二者同时轴向的相对移动。
优选地，所述滚压轮的径向进给速率和所述滚压轮相对于所述空心圆柱毛 坯的轴向移动速率的比值等于所述管外螺纹实时锥度的1/2。
用于滚压BSPT，NPT标准圆锥管外螺纹时，所述滚压轮的径向进给速率 和所述滚压轮相对于所述空心圆柱毛坯的轴向移动速率的比值等于1/32。
本发明另一方面提供一种滚压管外螺纹的滚压头，包括至少一个沿圆周布 置的滚压轮及相应的滚压轮轴和滚压轮座，所述滚压轮通过所述滚压轮轴可转 动地固定到所述滚压轮座上，所述滚压轮上设有管螺纹成型部分，所述管螺纹 成型部分的螺纹长度小于所滚压的所述管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度。
所述的管外螺纹滚压头中，所述滚压轮的个数为2个以上，优选地为4 个和5个。
本发明滚压头可以方便地用于滚压圆锥管外螺纹。在所述滚压轮座上还可 以在所述滚压轮座上设有沿径向调节所述滚压轮座的径向位置调节装置，从而 沿径向在动态滚压全过程实时调节所述滚压轮的径向位置，从而形成滚压工艺 所需要的锥度。滚压圆锥管外螺纹时利用滚压时所述滚压轮产生的滚压轴向分 力，使所述滚压轮相对于空心圆柱毛坯由螺尾向螺纹头部沿轴向滚压移动，同 时通过所述径向位置调节装置控制滚压轮径向进给，使得滚压轮径向进给随着 轴向滚压位置的变化而变化，从而直接滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹。
优选地，所述滚压轮相对于所述空心圆柱毛坯的轴向滚压移动是所述滚压 头轴向移动而所述空心圆柱毛坯轴向静止，或者是所述空心圆柱毛坯轴向移动 而所述滚压头轴向静止，或者是二者同时轴向的相对移动。
优选地，所述径向位置调节装置的径向力动力源可以来自使滚压头与空心 圆柱毛坯相对转动的动力源或者是来自其它独立的动力源。
优选地，所述径向位置调节装置可以是手动调节、机械传动调节、液压比 例调节、气动比例调节、电机带动蜗轮蜗杆调节、电机带动齿轮齿条调节、电 机滚珠丝杠调节以及由滚压头轴向运动联动径向位置进给调节中的一种，或者 其中多种的组合。
优选地，管外螺纹滚压头还包括外圆壳体盘、旋转盘、以及滚压轮座和滚 压轮；所述外圆壳体盘与滚压设备上的滑座间隙相连；所述旋转盘在所述外圆 壳体盘一侧通过轴孔配合与所述外圆壳体盘同轴心地安装在其内圆轴上，并在 与所述外圆壳体盘相对的一侧上设有螺旋凹槽；所述外圆壳体盘上开有至少一 个径向滚压轮座滑槽，所述滚压轮座通过其底部的多个螺旋凸槽与所述旋转盘 的所述螺旋凹槽的相互配合作用而在外圆壳体盘的所述滚压轮座滑槽内作径 向移动，所述滚压轮座上装有滚压轮，当旋转盘旋转时，通过与其螺旋凹槽相 匹配的螺旋凸槽，带动滚压轮座沿着外圆壳体盘上相应滑槽作径向移动。
优选地，管外螺纹滚压头还包括齿轮控制杆，所述旋转盘的另一侧是伞形 齿轮，所述伞形齿轮中心轴线大致与滚压头的中心轴线重合；齿轮控制杆在其 一端部设有与所述旋转盘的伞形齿轮啮合且中心轴线沿所述齿轮控制杆纵向 轴线的另一伞形齿轮，所述齿轮控制杆的纵向轴线与所述旋转盘的中心轴线成 一定角度；所述旋转齿轮控制杆能够使所述旋转盘绕其自身轴线旋转。
优选地，管外螺纹滚压头还包括动力电机，所述动力电机通过蜗轮蜗杆、 齿轮齿条、滚珠丝杠、皮带轮、凸轮或曲柄连杆驱动所述齿轮控制杆旋转。
优选地，管外螺纹滚压头还包括动力旋转柄、丝杆、上杆、中杆、下杆、 一对导向柱；所述一对导向柱在其上端和下端分别固定到所述上杆和下杆的两 侧，构成固定框架结构，且所述一对导向柱穿过所述中杆两侧上的孔，且所述 中杆能沿所述导向柱上下滑动；所述上杆内设有竖直方向的螺纹孔；所述丝杠 可与所述螺纹孔啮合，且所述丝杆上端与所述动力旋转柄固定连接，而下端抵 靠所述中杆，从而所述动力旋转柄带动所述丝杆转动下可使所述中杆沿两侧的 导向柱上下移动；所述中杆和下杆上分别设有滚压轮座和相应的滚压轮。
优选地，管外螺纹滚压头还包括：圆柱体、弹簧以及调节螺栓；所述圆柱 体上端与所述下杆固定相连；所述圆柱体下端与滚压设备滑座的轴孔活动配 合，通过套设在所述圆柱体上且两端分别抵靠所述下杆和所述滚压设备滑座的 所述弹簧使整个所述固定框架结构与所述滚压设备滑座浮动相连；所述调节螺 栓从所述下杆向下突出并与所述滚压设备滑座间隔开一定距离，通过调节所述 调节螺栓的长短，从而调节其与所述滚压设备滑座间隔开的距离，能够控制所 述固定框架结构的摆动幅度以保证所述空心圆柱毛坯与滚压头同轴；通过转动 所述动力旋转柄，所述丝杆带动中杆在导向柱上下移动由此实现在滚压头轴向 移动时径向滚压轮位置的动态调整。
优选地，所述滚压轮管螺纹成型部分含有至少一道螺纹，所述螺纹的螺牙 形状与所加工的圆柱管外螺纹螺牙或者是所加工的圆锥管外螺纹螺牙对应。
优选地，所述滚压轮用于滚压55°BSPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、 DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、DN20、DN25、DN32或DN40时，其管螺纹成 型部分的螺纹长度不超过6道螺纹，优选的是一道或二道，对于管径为DN50、 DN65、DN80或DN90，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过9道螺纹，优选 的是一道、二道或三道，对于管径为DN100、DN125、DN150及以上，其管 螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过14道螺纹，优选的是一道、二道、三道或四 道；所述滚压轮用于滚压60°NPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、DN6、DN8、 DN10、DN15、DN20、DN25、DN32或DN40时，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹 长度不超过5道螺纹，优选的是一道或二道，对于管径为DN50、DN65、DN80 或DN90，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过8道螺纹，优选的是一道、二 道或三道，对于管径为DN100、DN125、DN150及以上，其管螺纹成型部分 的螺纹长度不超过13道螺纹，优选的是一道、二道、三道或四道；所述滚压 轮用于滚压API圆锥管外螺纹时，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过其相应 有效螺纹长度的90%，优选的是一道、二道、三道、四道或五道螺纹。
优选地，所述滚压轮可以是螺旋滚压轮或者是环型滚压轮，或者是它们二 者的合理组合。
优选地，所述滚压轮在所述管螺纹成型部分的头部进一步包括预成型部 分，所述预成型部分的形状包括圆柱面、圆锥面、圆柱螺纹、非完整圆锥螺纹、 或其组合。
优选地，所述滚压轮在所述管螺纹成型部分的头部进一步包括导入部分， 所述导入部分的形状包括锥面、弧面、渐进曲面或其组合。
优选地，所述滚压轮在所述预成型部分的头部进一步包括导入部分，所述 导入部分的形状包括锥面、弧面、渐进曲面或其组合。
优选地，所述导入部分、所述预成型部分以及所述管螺纹成型部分是一体 化结构，或是组合结构。
利用本发明的滚压轮，可同时对管材进行矫圆与缩径等滚压预处理，有效 地降低了滚压管螺纹对管材的要求，同时大大提高了管螺纹产品的合格率。
优选地，所述滚压轮包括所述管螺纹成型部分，所述滚压轮相对所述滚压 轮座沿所述滚压轮轴的方向上有一轴向活动空间。所述滚压轮相对于所述滚压 轮座沿所述滚压轮轴的径向上有一径向活动空间。
需要说明的是，本发明的滚压轮和滚压轮轴可以是一体的也可以是分开 的。
所述轴向活动空间优选的是滚压轮管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的0.1个螺距 至1个螺距，更优选的，是0.5个螺距至1个螺距，更优选的，是0.5个螺距 或1个螺距；所述径向活动空间优选的是不超过所述管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹 的1个螺距，更优选的是不超过所述管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的0.5个螺距。
优选地，所述轴向活动空间和所述径向活动空间是通过选自以下任一组结 构来实现的：
a)所述滚压轮轴和所述滚压轮座之间的浮动连接；
b)所述滚压轮与所述滚压轮轴之间的浮动连接；
a)组和b)组的组合；
所述浮动连接选自：轴孔浮动连接或轴承浮动连接。
在一实施例中，所述轴孔浮动连接包括：所述滚压轮轴孔表面与所述滚压 轮轴表面任一呈弧形或均为弧形的接触连接；或所述滚压轮轴和所述滚压轮座 之间的轴孔连接位置处表面任一呈弧形或均为弧形的接触连接。
在一实施例中，所述轴承浮动连接是通过滚针轴承或者是端面轴承或者是 二者组合连接实现的。
本发明另外提供一种利用上述任一滚压头滚压管外螺纹的方法，亦即将滚 压轮从所述管外螺纹的螺尾开始滚压切入，向螺纹头部方向完成螺纹滚压。
本发明还提供一种运用上述任一滚压头的管螺纹滚压设备。该滚压设备可 以进一步包括：机座、动力电机、工件夹紧装置、电机开关以及联接动力电机 与空心圆柱工件夹紧装置或者是滚压头的变速装置；其中，所述机座上部设有 所述动力电机及所述电机开关及用于夹紧待加工空心圆柱毛坯的所述夹紧装 置，所述动力电机在电机开关的控制下，通过所述变速装置，使所述滚压轮与 所述夹紧装置夹持的空心圆柱毛坯产生相对滚压运动。
在另一实施例中所述滚压设备还可以进一步包括：空心主轴、两根轴向导 柱、滑座；
其中，所述机座上部一侧设有所述动力电机及所述变速装置和所述电机开 关，所述动力电机上方有所述空心主轴，所述变速装置将所述动力电机的主轴 与所述空心主轴相连；
所述机座上部还有用于夹紧待加工空心圆柱毛坯并使其旋转的所述夹紧 装置，所述夹紧装置与所述空心主轴同轴心并连为一体；
所述两轴向导柱设置在所述机座上部的另一侧，且平行于所述空心主轴中 心线前后设置；
所述滑座设置在所述两轴向导柱上，可沿所述轴向导柱水平自由滑动；
所述滚压头浮动设置在所述滑座上，与所述空心主轴同轴心。
本发明上述滚压设备还可以包括一倒角装置和/或一滚压切料装置和/或一 光电感应装置；其中，所述倒角装置浮动设置在所述滑座上相对所述动力电机 和所述变速装置一侧，与所述空心主轴同轴心；
所述切料滚压装置，设置在所述滑座上相对所述动力电机变速装置一侧， 与所述空心主轴同轴心；
所述的光电感应装置设置在所述滚压头中的所述滚压轮座上，控制滚压时 间和滚压正反转顺序。
一种在钢管标准外径上直接滚压圆锥管外螺纹的方法，由至少二个或者是 二个以上的非全长度尺寸的沿圆周方向分布的滚压轮组成的滚压装置，从管外 螺纹的不完整螺纹尾部开始滚压切入，利用滚压时产生的滚压轴向分力，使所 述滚压装置由螺纹尾部向螺纹头部沿轴向移动，同时通过所述滚压装置中由传 动机构控制的滚压轮的径向同步进给，直接一次滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹产 品。
上述在钢管标准外径上直接滚压圆锥管外螺纹的方法中，优选地，滚压装 置的轴向移动是在滚压轮与圆柱毛坯的螺纹螺旋角差异所致的轴向力的作用 下，从管外螺纹螺纹尾部不完整螺纹开始向管外螺纹头部的完整管外螺纹方向 逐步的轴向滚压移动。
本发明还提供一种在钢管标准外径上直接滚压圆锥管外螺纹的装置，由至 少二个或者是二个以上的非全长度尺寸的沿圆周方向分布的滚压轮组成的滚 压装置，从管外螺纹的不完整螺纹尾部开始滚压切入，利用滚压时产生的滚压 轴向分力，使所述滚压装置由螺纹尾部向螺纹头部沿轴向移动，同时通过所述 滚压装置中由传动机构控制的滚压轮的径向同步进给，直接一次滚压加工成形 圆锥管外螺纹产品。
优选地，所述的滚压装置中的二个或者是二个以上滚压轮，在滚压装置整 体轴向移动滚压过程中滚压轮同时是通过手动同步径向进给的或者是机械同 步径向进给的或者是液压同步径向进给的或者是电机带动蜗杆和蜗轮机构同 步径向进给的；滚压装置中的滚压轮的径向进给速度和比例是随着滚压装置轴 向移动的速度和比例按锥管管外螺纹的滚压工艺要求设置的。
优选地，滚压轮的内孔与安装在可径向滑动的滑块的鼓形销轴相匹配或者 是滚压轮圆弧形内孔与安装在可径向滑动的滑块的标准销轴相匹配，滚压轮内 孔与销轴之间有一定的空间自由度，滚压轮能轴向和径向非常灵活地运动。
优选地，所述非全长度尺寸的管外螺纹滚压轮有一道或者是一道以上的相 应标准的圆柱管外螺纹螺牙或者是相应标准的圆锥管外螺纹螺牙。
优选地，所述滚压轮用于滚压55°BSPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、 DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、DN20、DN25、DN32或DN40时，其螺牙道数 不超过6道，对于管径为DN50、DN65、DN80或DN90，其螺牙道数不超过9 道，对于管径为DN100、DN125或DN150，其螺牙道数不超过14道；所述滚 压轮用于滚压60°NPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、 DN20、DN25、DN32或DN40时，其螺牙道数不超过6道，对于管径为DN50、 DN65、DN80、DN90、DN100、DN125或DN150，其螺牙道数不超过7道； 所述滚压轮用于滚压API圆锥管外螺纹时，其螺牙道数不超过其相应有效螺纹 长度的80%。
优选地，管外螺纹滚压轮是螺旋滚压轮或者是环型滚压轮，或者是它们二 者的组合。
优选地，所述滚压轮是非全长度尺寸管外螺纹滚压轮或者是由导入部分和 非全长度尺寸管外螺纹部分组合成一体的滚压轮。
优选地，所述滚压装置，是安装在被加工圆柱毛坯一边的设计用于滚压加 工单头管外螺纹产品，或者是安装在被加工圆柱毛坯两边的设计用于同时滚压 加工双头管外螺纹产品。
本发明的有益效果是：现有技术的圆锥管外螺纹滚压装置都是从管口端 （螺纹头部）开始进行螺纹滚压，所用的滚压轮的螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度均 大于或等于其所加工的管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度，而且滚压过程中，滚压轮径 向位置不是随着圆锥管螺纹的加工过程而实时变化的，而是滚压初期径向调整 好后，径向固定的轴向滚压方法。因而在滚压加工前要对空心圆柱毛坯要进行 矫圆缩径或者是冲压或挤压圆锥面等前道预成型工艺，增加了实施现场滚压加 工管螺纹的技术难度、生产成本和对管材的破坏。同时在滚压管外螺纹过程中， 滚压轮和管材的接触范围随着螺纹的成型而不断加大以及材料冷作硬化的增 强，滚压力也相应地增大，对管材的材料成分、焊缝、壁厚及其均匀度和口径 要求很高，使得滚压管外螺纹滚压的推广难以进行。本发明摈弃技术偏见，创 造性地运用从管螺纹尾部至管螺纹头部的滚压工艺，同时采用螺纹成型部分的 螺纹长度较所述管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度要小的滚压轮以及滚压轮径向进给 滚压圆锥面等技术手段，充分利用管外螺纹尾部不完整螺纹所需滚压力比管口 处管外螺纹头部成形完整管外螺纹的滚压力、钢管非端部不容易变形等特点， 通过本发明的滚压轮在钢管非端部管外螺纹尾部开始滚压不完整管外螺纹，逐 步径向进给矫圆缩径锥度管材，同时滚压完整管外螺纹直至完成管外螺纹滚压 加工；在强化螺纹密度和减小钢管内孔直径缩小量的同时，有效地避免了滚压 过程中滚压径向力过大或突变所造成的管材变型和焊缝开裂等现象。本发明省 略了目前滚压圆锥管外螺纹工艺中轴向冲压或径向挤压圆锥面工序，解决了冲 压对管材原始外径与圆锥面交界处的管体材料，特别是焊管焊缝，的破坏等问 题，实现了与目前沿用100多年的套丝加工管螺纹操作步骤基本一致的加工方 法，使滚压管外螺纹工艺简化与实用，并且完全符合人们目前的操作习惯，使 管网安装施工现场实现滚压加工管外螺纹成为可能。与此同时，由于滚压成形 的管外螺纹产品其单位长度重量与滚压前的原始钢管单位长度重量一样并受 滚压的冷作硬化作用，相比目前传统的去金属工艺法切削管外螺纹工艺，在大 大提高了管外螺纹机械连接与密封安全性能基础上，实现非去金属工艺法使钢 管壁厚减薄的目标，可望节约15%－35%的钢管材料，提供了一种低成本节能 减排的方法。同时，利用本发明涉及的制造圆锥管外螺纹的方法、滚压头和其 设备，将开启传统管外螺纹加工设备和产品生产结构升级换代，革命性地提升 管材施工机具的制造，对全球管道加工机械领域具有重大的社会和经济意义。
下面将结合附图说明和具体实施方式对本发明的前述目的、技术方案和有 益效果进行详细的描述。
附图说明
图1是根据现有的滚压管外螺纹技术制造圆锥管外螺纹产品的工艺示意 图。
图2是图1的滚压过程工艺的示意图。
图3是根据现有的滚压技术加工成形的管外螺纹产品的结构剖视图。
图4是根据本发明的用二道螺纹滚压轮滚压圆锥管外螺纹工艺示意图。
图5是图4滚压工艺过程的示意图。
图6是根据本发明的方法、滚压头和设备滚压成形的管外螺纹产品的结构 剖视图。
图7是根据本发明的利用使滚压轮与空心圆柱毛坯之间相对转动的扭矩 dT和滚压轮径向调节力dF来实现滚压头相对空心圆柱毛坯的轴向移动和滚压 轮径向同步进给的示意图。
图8显示了三个滚压轮滚压圆锥管螺纹过程中工件受力情况分析。
图9是图8的螺纹滚压力分解进一步示意图。
图10是轴向移动速率与径向进给速率的关系。
图11是二段不同锥度的非标准管外螺纹轴向移动速率与径向进给速率的 示意图。
图12是一个沿圆周布置的滚压轮可转动地固定在滚压轮座上滚压头一实 施例示意图。
图13是包含2个沿圆周布置的滚压轮可转动地固定滚压轮座上滚压头一 实施例示意图。
图14是包含5个沿圆周布置的滚压轮的滚压头一实施例示意图。
图15是根据本发明的四个滚压轮滚压头的一实施例的结构正视图。
图16是图15的结构侧视图。
图17是图16中外圆壳体盘的结构剖视图。
图18是图15中滚压头中滚压轮座结构剖视图。
图19是图18中的滚压轮结构与滚压轮轴配合结构剖视图。
图20是图16中的一面为螺旋凹槽而另一面为伞齿轮的旋转盘与控制杆配 合的结构剖视图。
图21是根据本发明的带有四个滚压轮滚压头的手动调节径向进给的一实 施例的结构示意图。
图22是根据本发明的带有三个滚压轮由液压或气动比例调节滚压轮径向 位置的滚压头的一实施例的结构示意图。
图23至图25是本发明滚压轮与滚压轮轴为一体的滚压轮与滚压轮座之间 使用轴孔配合实现浮动连接的有轴向和径向活动空间的示意图。
图26是本发明环形螺纹滚压轮与滚压轮轴为一体的滚压轮二端装配滚针 (轴承)与滚压轮座轴承孔之间使用轴承配合实现浮动连接的有轴向和径向活动 空间的示意图。
图27是本发明滚压轮与滚压轮轴作为一体成型的替代方案—（平）键槽 配合的示意图。
图28是本发明滚压轮轴与滚压轮座之间使用无间隙轴孔静配合并非浮动 的连接，依靠滚压轮和滚压轮轴之间的浮动连接来实现自由轴向和径向活动的 示意图。
图29是本发明滚压轮轴与滚压轮座之间使用有间隙轴孔配合连接，但非 浮动的连接，主要依靠滚压轮和滚压轮轴以及滚压轮轴和滚压轮座之间的浮动 连接来实现自由轴向和径向活动的示意图。
图30至图31为本发明滚压轮和滚压轮轴为滚针(轴承)同时滚压轮一端面 与滚压轮座为端面轴承浮动连接来实现自由轴向和径向活动的示意图。
图32至图34为本发明滚压轮和滚压轮轴三种轴孔配合浮动连接来实现自 由轴向和径向活动空间的示意图。
图35至图36分别表示本发明滚压轮管螺纹成型部分可以是圆锥螺纹和圆 柱螺纹的结构示意图。
图37至图41是本发明滚压轮中三个部分的详细图示，分别是：导入部分、 预成型部分和管螺纹成型部分的各类组合示意图。
图42是本发明滚压轮三部分：导入、预成型和管螺纹成型部分分体形式 示意图。
图43是根据本发明的管外螺纹滚压设备的一实施例的结构正视图。
图44是图43的结构侧视图。
图45是根据本发明的管外螺纹滚压方法、滚压头及其设备在空心圆柱毛 坯上滚压成形圆锥管外螺纹的一实施例的工艺示意图。
图46是图45的滚压过程结束时的工艺示意图。
图47显示包含本发明的滚压头转动的另一滚压设备的结构示意图。
图48是根据本发明的管外螺纹滚压方法的双头圆锥管外螺纹生产设备的 一实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合较佳的实施例对本发明进行详细的描述，应当注意的是，在后 述的描述中，尽管所使用的术语是从公知公用的术语中选择的，但是有些术语 则是申请人按其判断来选择的，其详细含义应根据本发明欲揭示的精神来理 解。本文中使用的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等关于方向的表述仅表示 是说明性的，并不表示对各装置和部件在使用时的方向进行限制。
本发明所述滚压头是指用于在空心圆柱毛坯上滚压加工出管外螺纹的装 置，主体部件包括用于滚压管外螺纹的一个或者是数个滚压轮以及用于支撑或 固定滚压轮的滚压轮轴和滚压轮座。所述滚压轮通过所述滚压轮轴与所述滚压 轮座配合。值得注意的是本发明所述的滚压轮和滚压轮轴可以是分体的，也可 以是一体的。
本发明所述的管外螺纹是指管螺纹连接中用于与管内螺纹配合的管螺纹， 包括圆柱管外螺纹以及圆锥管外螺纹。螺纹术语的定义基本参考国家标准 GB/T14791，其中管外螺纹包括完整螺纹、不完整螺纹和螺尾，所述的完整螺 纹是指螺纹的牙顶和牙底均具有完整形状的螺纹，所述的不完整螺纹是指牙底 完整而牙顶不完整的螺纹，但特别值得指出的是本发明中所述的螺尾除指向光 滑表面过渡的牙底不完整的螺纹外，还包括了与此牙底不完整的螺纹相邻的一 道或数道牙底完整的螺纹。本发明所述的管外螺纹的有效螺纹包括管外螺纹的 完整螺纹和不完整螺纹部分，所述的管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度可以理解为有效 螺纹的轴向长度。本发明中螺纹头部是指与内螺纹首先啮合的部分。但在具体 的实施当中，螺纹头部不一定是在管口，例如在管材的变径区域加工锥管外螺 纹，其相应的螺纹头部应该为螺纹中径最小的一侧。
本发明所述的滚压轮外表面上具有管螺纹成型部分，所述的管螺纹成型部 分是指与要求滚压出的完整螺纹对应的螺纹，可以包括圆柱管外螺纹或者圆锥 管外螺纹；所述的圆柱管外螺纹和圆锥外螺纹包括：BSPT，NPT，API以及米 制标准圆柱管外螺纹和圆锥外管螺纹。所述的管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度可以 理解为该螺纹的轴向长度。在现有的圆锥管外螺纹滚压工艺当中，滚压轮管螺 纹成型部分的螺纹长度大于或等于上述的管外螺纹的完整螺纹长度；而在本发 明中，创造性地采用管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度小于相应管外螺纹的完整螺纹 长度的滚压轮，大大减少了管材在滚压时所承受的滚压力，同时也降低了滚压 轮的材料与制造成本。本发明管外螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度小于相应管外螺纹 的有效螺纹长度的滚压轮也称为非全长尺寸滚压轮。
本发明的滚压轮管螺纹成型部分含有至少一道螺纹，所述的一道螺纹是指 连续的轴向长度为一个螺距的螺纹，所述螺纹的螺牙形状与所加工的圆柱管外 螺纹螺牙或者是所加工的圆锥管外螺纹螺牙对应，亦即运用包含上述管外螺纹 成型部分的滚压轮可以滚压加工出上述的圆柱管外螺纹或者圆锥管外螺纹。
除上述管外螺纹成型部分外，滚压轮还可以在空心圆柱毛坯加工的起始位 置再增加一预成型部分或者导入部分，所述空心圆柱毛坯加工的起始位置为管 外螺纹滚压加工时滚压轮与空心圆柱毛坯最先接触的位置。本发明所述的管螺 纹成型部分的头部是指管螺纹成型部分靠近空心圆柱毛坯加工起始位置端。所 述预成型部分的形状包括圆柱面、圆锥面、圆柱螺纹、非完整锥螺纹、或其组 合。预成型部分为圆柱管外螺纹时，圆柱管外螺纹的牙型和管外螺纹成型部分 的牙型相同。预成型部分为非完整圆锥管外螺纹时，非完整圆锥管外螺纹的螺 距与管外螺纹成型部分螺纹的螺距相等，非完整锥螺纹的牙底与管螺纹成型部 分螺纹的牙底相同，而牙顶较小。所述导入部分的形状包括锥面、弧面、渐进 曲面或其组合。
除此之外，滚压轮还可以从空心圆柱毛坯加工的起始位置依次同时具有导 入部分、预成型部分以及管螺纹成型部分。上述的各个部分可以是一体化结构， 也可以是组合结构。所述的组合结构是指，各部分依次分设在空心圆柱毛坯加 工方向上，可以是在同一个滚压轮轴上，也可以是分设在不同的滚压轮轴上， 甚至是分设在不同的滚压头上。
本发明所述滚压轮座上设有沿径向调节所述滚压轮座的径向位置调节装 置，从而沿径向在动态滚压全过程实时调节所述滚压轮的径向位置，所述的动 态滚压全过程是至指滚压轮在轴向滚压进给过程中，滚压轮同时连续不间断地 径向进给直至滚压工艺结束。通过反馈系统轴向进给与径向进给可以实时互补 进给距离，以满足滚压锥度工艺要求。
该径向位置调节装置可以控制滚压轮在滚压头内沿径向方向自由活动，所 述的径向方向应当理解为空心圆柱毛坯加工轴线的垂直方向。在实际的滚压过 程中，滚压轮从管外螺纹内侧的螺尾端滚压切入，由于滚压轮的螺纹螺旋升角 与空心圆柱毛坯的导入角存在差异，滚压时随着空心圆柱毛坯和滚压轮的相对 运动，滚压轮受到滚压轴向分力的作用，使滚压头相对空心圆柱毛坯由螺尾向 螺纹头部沿轴向移动；与此同时，通过所述径向位置调节装置控制滚压轮径向 进给，使滚压头相对空心圆柱毛坯的轴向移动速率和滚压轮的径向进给速率保 持设定的比例关系，即可直接滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹。所述的轴向移动速 率是指滚压头相对空心圆柱毛坯在空心圆柱毛坯加工轴线方向上的移动速率； 所述的径向进给速率是指滚压轮在空心圆柱毛坯加工轴线的垂直方向上的进 给速率。本发明的所述径向进给速率和所述轴向移动速率的比值等于所述管外 螺纹实时锥度的1/2。所述的实时锥度是指螺纹滚压处所对应的管外螺纹的锥 度，为该点处所欲加工的管外螺纹的基线的切线与螺纹轴线夹角的两倍，所述 的管外螺纹的基线可以理解为所欲加工管外螺纹过轴心的同一轴向截面内同 侧螺纹牙底的连线，为一假想曲线。例如，滚压圆柱管螺纹时，实时锥度为0， 此时径向进给速率也为0；滚压BSPT，NPT标准圆锥管螺纹时，实时锥度即 为螺纹锥度，为1/16，此时滚压轮的径向进给速率是滚压头相对空心圆柱毛坯 的轴向移动速率的1/32；滚压其他包含变异螺纹的管外螺纹时，实时锥度可以 随时间变化，相应地，滚压轮的径向进给速率和滚压头相对于空心圆柱毛坯的 轴向移动速率的比值按照实时锥度的1/2进行设置。
本发明所述的55°的圆锥管外螺纹或60°的圆锥管外螺纹分别对应的是 相应的国内或国际标准圆锥管外螺纹，所参考的标准圆锥管外螺纹包括BSPT （GB/T7306.2-2000），NPT（GB/T12716-2002），以及API（GB/T9253.2-1999） 圆锥管外螺纹，本发明用于滚压API标准螺纹时，所述管外螺纹可以是管线管 螺纹，套管圆螺纹，油管圆螺纹或偏梯形套管螺纹等。应注意的是本发明的滚 压方法、滚压头和滚压装置所能滚压的螺纹并不受本发明此处所列举的螺纹标 准的限制，其他未提及的标准或非标准螺纹同样可依据本发明披露的思想滚压 获得。本发明所述的空心圆柱毛坯的公称直径（DN）参考的是管材标准《低 压流体输送用焊接钢管》（GB3091-2008），但在本发明的实际运用过程中其 他类型的管材也能够根据本发明的精神进行滚压螺纹加工。
本发明所述的活动空间应当理解为存在一个空间可以使得滚压轮在该空 间内自由地活动。所述的轴向活动空间指所述滚压轮在滚压轮轴的轴线方向上 的活动空间。所述轴向活动空间的轴向距离应当理解为所述滚压轮在沿所述滚 压轮轴的轴线方向上可自由活动的最大距离；该最大距离优选的是滚压轮管螺 纹成型部分对应螺纹的0.1个螺距至1个螺距；更优选的，是0.5个螺距至1 个螺距；更优选的，是0.5个螺距或1个螺距。所述的滚压轮管螺纹成型部分 是指与要求滚压出的管螺纹对应的滚压轮上的螺纹。所述的径向活动空间指所 述滚压轮在沿所述空心圆柱毛坯加工轴线的垂直方向上的活动空间，该径向活 动空间应当理解为所述滚压轮管螺纹成型部分沿所述空心圆柱毛坯加工轴线 的垂直方向上可相对预加工的空心圆柱毛坯自由活动的最大距离。该最大距离 优选的是不超过滚压轮管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的1个螺距。更优选的是不超 过滚压轮管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的0.5个螺距。
图1至图6是一种现有滚压管外螺纹工艺与根据本发明的滚压管外螺纹工 艺的一组对比示意图，显示了从空心圆柱毛坯准备到加工圆锥管外螺纹产品的 全过程以及其产品的差异。
图1至图3显示了现有的利用有效螺纹长度管外螺纹滚压轮的有轴向移动 但无径向进给的滚压工艺示意图及其产品。
图1中显示了一种现有技术的有效螺纹长度圆锥管外螺纹滚压轮80,滚压 轮的管螺纹成型部分的长度尺寸为相应的有效螺纹长度，425为圆锥毛坯锥度。
在滚压管螺纹之前，先对空心圆柱毛坯进行冲压形成425圆锥面，然后由 管口420（也即欲加工管外螺纹的头部460）处开始轴向滚压至管材421（也即 欲加工管外螺纹的尾部461）结束。图2中清晰地显示了在滚压过程中空心圆 锥毛坯与滚压轮80的接触面不断增加直至滚压轮80与圆锥面425全部滚压接 触的过程。显然，管口从滚压开始就要承受形成完整螺纹的径向力，同时随着 轴向滚压进行，管材420至421段所受到的径向力不断增加。这样的滚压工艺， 对管材的材料成分、焊缝、壁厚和口径有相当的要求，对冲压预成型圆锥面工 艺要求也很高。在冲压或挤压圆锥面和滚压过程中，产品46端口（螺纹头部） 的内径462缩小量难以控制，往往465圆锥面大于管螺纹产品标准要求。同时 对于镀锌管而言，管外螺纹类产品头部460处的锌层受到的滚压（摩擦）次数 和破坏要比其它部位大。
图4至图6显示了本发明的管外螺纹滚压轮的有轴向移动，同时径向按滚 压工艺要求在滚压全过程动态实时进给的滚压工艺示意及其产品。
图4中的空心圆柱毛坯为管材原始外径毛坯而非图1中的预成型的空心圆 锥毛坯，而二道螺纹滚压轮相比最短的55度DN6管外螺纹的7道螺纹长度要 少5道螺纹。利用本发明滚压轮82从非管口411（也即欲加工管外螺纹的尾部 481）处开始向管口410处(也即欲加工管外螺纹的头部480)轴向径向同时进给 滚压，直至图5中管外螺纹产品的螺纹尾部480处结束。显然，相比图1至图 3所示的现有滚压管螺纹技术，管材在滚压过程中受到的滚压力明显地减小， 在保证管螺纹牙型完全成形的前提下，保护了目前各种标准壁厚管材的圆度和 焊缝完整。由于滚压过程中径向进给力完全受控，图6中产品48内径482的 值对于不同管材材料的相同尺寸管螺纹产品是基本恒定的，并可保证完全符合 管螺纹产品各种标准。同时管材螺纹段所受到的滚压次数是相同的，时间基本 一致，大大优化了管材螺纹段内部金相结构的均匀度。
图7至图9显示了三个滚压轮滚压圆锥管螺纹过程中工件受力情况分析。 滚压时外界施加一个径向力dF和一个动力扭矩dT。径向力dF和由dF产生的 切向（摩擦）力dTf以及由dT产生的切向（摩擦）力dTt三者综合产生X、Y 和Z轴方向的圆锥管螺纹的三个滚压分力dX、dY和dZ（沿垂直于图面方向）； 分力dX、dY和dZ分配比例关系与螺纹牙型、螺旋角、螺距、空心圆柱毛坯 直径与材料、滚压轮（安装）形式、滚压轮直径以及滚压轮与空心圆柱毛坯的 相对转速等密切相关。使空心圆柱毛坯变形为圆锥管螺纹的主要力（包括螺纹 牙型力dF1和锥度力dF2）为滚压轮施加给工件的径向滚压力dR，图9中的径 向滚压力dR近似等于dF，其方向与滚压轮中心和空心圆柱毛坯中心的连线平 行或者重叠；由动力扭矩dT使空心圆柱毛坯和滚压轮产生相对旋转而产生的 切向（摩擦）力dTt和由dF产生的dTf使工件旋转；由于空心圆柱毛坯的初 始角和滚压轮实际螺旋角有差异，主要是动力扭矩使空心圆柱毛坯与滚压头在 旋转的同时产生相对轴向（Z轴方向）移动；同时继续动态地施加锥度成形力 dF2，从而用本发明的方法完成管外螺纹加工。
图10至图11进一步说明了标准螺纹与非标准螺纹径向和轴向同步进给的 速率关系。
在图10标准管螺纹锥度的标示中，滚压轮在轴向滚压过程中，按标准锥 度进给。在BSPT、NPT和米制管螺纹中a等于1/32,在圆柱管螺纹滚压中，a 等于0。
在图11非标准管螺纹锥度的标示中，a1不等于a2,滚压轮在轴向滚压过 程中其径向进给位置会由按a1的锥度进给实时地变更到按a2的锥度进给，实 现实时锥度滚压径向进给控制。
图12至图14显示了本发明的三种滚压头的滚压轮分布方式。
图12是数量为一个滚压轮的滚压头实施例的示意图。在空心圆柱毛坯40 相对于该一个滚压轮82高速旋转时，可以产生多个滚压轮同时滚压空心圆柱 毛坯40的相同工艺效果。这种单个滚压轮高速旋转可以使空心圆柱毛坯圆周 表面相同点滚压间隔时间等效于数个滚压轮滚压工件的间隔时间。
图13沿圆周方向等分分布的2个滚压轮滚压头实施例示意图。图中的40 为空心圆柱毛坯，61为滚压轮座滑槽，86为滚压轮座，82为滚压轮。
图12和图13的滚压轮座86借助传动机构实现沿滚压轮座滑槽按工艺需 要的径向进给。
图14是分别沿圆周方向等分分布的5个滚压轮滚压头实施例示意图。
图中1为机座，40为空心圆柱毛坯，61为滚压轮座滑槽，62为伺服电机、 69为滚珠丝杆，82为滚压轮。空心圆柱毛坯40高速旋转时，伺服电机62转 动通过丝杆69带动滚压轮座86上的滚压轮82径向运动。
图15至图20显示了本发明的一种带有四个滚压轮的管外螺纹滚压头，包 括：外圆壳体盘60、旋转盘66、齿轮控制杆64、蜗轮蜗杆组63、动力电机62 以及滚压轮座86和滚压轮82。图15显示出外圆壳体盘60，其底部二边通过 二块链接板601上的二个圆柱602与滚压设备中滑座二边的中心圆孔间隙浮动 相连；间隙浮动相连是为了解决在实际操作中空心圆柱毛坯的中心与滚压头中 心位置一致的问题。图16示出外圆壳体盘60和旋转盘66。该旋转盘66通过 轴孔配合在外圆壳体盘60右侧并与外圆壳体盘60同心地安装在其圆轴部分 上，旋转盘66在与外圆壳体盘60相对的一侧上设有螺旋凹槽662(如图20所 示)。图17显示出外圆壳体盘60上开有四个径向滚压轮座滑槽61。图18显示 出滚压轮座86通过其右侧部多个螺旋凸槽861与旋转盘66的螺旋凹槽662的 相互配合作用而在外圆壳体盘60的滚压轮座滑槽61作径向移动。如图20所 示，在旋转盘66的右侧形成伞形齿轮661，其中心轴线大致与滚压头的中心轴 线重合。该伞形齿轮661与齿轮控制杆64上的另一伞齿轮啮合。该齿轮控制 杆64的另一伞齿轮的中心轴线沿该齿轮控制杆64的纵向轴线并与伞形齿轮 661的中心轴线成一定角度，在所示具体实施例中，该角度为90°。旋转齿轮 控制杆64可使旋转盘66绕其自身轴线旋转。当旋转盘66旋转时，通过与其 螺旋凹槽662相匹配的螺旋凸槽861，带动滚压轮座86沿着外圆壳体盘60上 滚压轮座滑槽61作径向移动。如图18所示，滚压轮座86前端通过圆弧销轴 83装有非全长度尺寸的管外螺纹滚压轮82，滚压轮82纵向二边均带有导入部 分8A1、预成型部分8B1和圆锥管螺纹成形部分8C,管螺纹成形部分的螺纹道 数为2道，但也可采用其它道数而不偏离本发明的范围。二边相同的成形结构 是为了双倍滚压轮的使用寿命。管外螺纹滚压轮82的中心孔与圆弧销轴83配 合并存在一定的轴向间隙891和径向间隙892，以便在滚压初始阶段四个滚压 轮能自动对牙，进一步减少滚压径向力对管材的破坏。动力电机62通过蜗轮 蜗杆63带动齿轮控制64旋转，从而带动旋转盘66旋转，通过滚压轮座86上 的螺旋凸槽861与旋转盘66上的螺旋凹槽661相互作用，在外圆壳体盘60的 滚压轮滑槽61中径向上下同步控制四个滚压轮座上的四个非全长度尺寸的管 外螺纹滚压轮82，由此构成由多个可径向运动非全长度尺寸滚压轮组成的可轴 向移动的圆锥管外螺纹滚压头，并可实现滚压不同尺寸管外螺纹产品的目的。 应理解，旋转盘的转动也可通过除齿轮传动之外的其它传动方式来实现。还应 理解该蜗轮蜗杆63也可由本领域公知的其它传动机构，如滚珠丝杠、曲柄连 杆来代替。
以上滚压头中滚压轮的数量除了上述实施例中的1个、2个、4个、5个 之外，也可以为其它数量，例如3个、6个或更多个。其中优选地是4个或5 个。
图21显示了另一种管外螺纹滚压头的一实施例。该管外螺纹滚压头包括 设有弹簧的圆柱体75、两个导向柱71、中杆771和安装在771上的上滚压轮 座761、下杆772和安装在772上的下滚压轮座762、上杆770、丝杆73、动 力旋转柄72、以及四个浮动调节螺栓74（后面调节二个螺栓未示出）。尽管 在该实施例中调节螺栓的数量是4个，但应理解，其可以是如2个、3个等。 其中两个导柱71的上端和下端分别与管外螺纹滚压装置的上杆770和下杆772 的两侧固定连接组成框架结构。两个导柱71分别穿过中杆771两侧上设置的 孔，中杆771可相对于该孔上下滑动。上杆770中开有竖直方向的螺纹孔。丝 杠73与该螺纹孔啮合，且丝杆73上端与动力旋转柄72固定连接，而下端抵 靠中杆771，从而在旋转柄72带动丝杆73转动下可使中杆771沿两侧的导向 柱71上下移动,带动中杆771上的上滚压轮座761径向运动。其中圆柱体75 的底部与滚压设备滑座102中心圆孔间隙浮动相连，套在圆柱体75上的螺旋 弹簧的两端分别抵靠滚压设备滑座102和下杆772，从而实现滚压头的浮动连 接。四个浮动调节螺栓74（后面二个调节螺栓未显出）与下杆772内螺纹连接 并从其下表面向下突出且其突出端与滚压设备滑座102面间隔开一定距离，其 从下杆突出的长度可通过该螺纹连接进行调整，从而调整与滚压设备滑座102 的间隔距离，从而控制滚压头左右前后摆动幅度。上下端滚压轮座上沿空心圆 柱毛坯40的圆周方向分布上边两个滚压轮82和下边两个滚压轮82，滚压轮螺 牙道数优选的是二道，上下滚压轮座与滚压轮82的装配方式类似于前述的实 施例方法，在此不再赘述。通过旋转调节旋转柄72，控制中杆771的上下进给， 从而控制滚压轮82的径向进给位置，用于实现本发明的在滚压装置轴向移动 时滚压轮径向按滚压锥度和螺纹工艺要求进行径向同步进给，并可实现滚压不 同尺寸钢管管外螺纹产品的目的。应指出，其中旋转柄72的转动可手动实现， 但也借助于电机直接驱动转动或通过本领域已知的任何传动机构驱动转动。
图22显示了一种液压调节的管外螺纹滚压头一实施例，包括:固定圆盘 60、沿圆周方向安装的三个液压油缸68以及油缸比例伺服阀67；油缸内端安 装着滚压轮座86以及安装在滚压轮座上的本发明滚压轮82；滚压轮座86与滚 压轮82的装配方式类似于前述的二个实施例的方法，在此不再赘述。启动动 力源油缸通过比例伺服控制阀67带动滚压轮座86用于实现本发明的在空心圆 柱毛坯轴向移动时滚压轮径向按滚压锥度工艺要求进行径向同步进给，并可实 现滚压不同尺寸钢管管外螺纹产品的目的。除了液压油缸外，通过控制气缸也 可以实现同步控制与气缸活塞杆相连的滚压轮座86和滚压轮82实现径向同步 进给，来实现本发明所揭示的目的。
结合图4至图6和图15至图22,本发明滚压工艺的技术特征清晰可见。虽 然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本 领域的一般技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，应当可以作出种种的 等效的变化或替换，例如：所述滚压头的结构还可以参照下面所列专利中涉及 到的相应滚压头装置进行合理的设置和改造：US5699691A、US3058196A、 EP282889A2、US3452567A、、US3058196A、、US20060162411A1、JP10034270A、 JP10244340A、JP2003126937A、JP9327742A、CN100542735C、CN2555962Y、 CN103264128A、CN103286245A、SU1344479A1、US20120011912A1、 US4617816A、US4785649A、US5870918A、GB1150525A、JP1273637A、 SU703197A1。
图23至图36显示了本发明的管外螺纹滚压轮以及其轴向和径向间隙各种 配合示意图。
图23至图25是本发明滚压轮与滚压轮轴为一体的滚压轮与滚压轮座之间 使用轴孔配合实现浮动连接的有轴向和径向活动空间的示意图。
上述各图中均示意了滚压轮82通过两端的滚压轮轴83嵌设在滚压轮座 76的轴套766上，轴套766增加了滚压轮与滚压轮座间隙浮动的灵活度。标记 891、892分别是各种配合的轴向间隙、径向间隙。
图23是螺旋滚压轮82的二端为外凸圆弧形轴柱与滚压轮座76的圆柱孔 之间的轴孔配合实现浮动连接形成有轴向和径向活动空间，即轴向间隙和径向 间隙891、892。
图24是环形滚压轮82的二端为圆柱形轴柱与滚压轮座76的外凸圆弧形 孔之间的轴孔配合实现浮动连接，形成有轴向和径向活动空间，即轴向间隙和 径向间隙891、892。
图25是螺旋滚压轮82的二端为外凸圆弧形轴柱与滚压轮座76的外凸圆 弧形孔之间的轴孔配合实现浮动连接，形成有轴向和径向活动空间，即轴向间 隙和径向间隙891、892。
上述结构中均使用的是一体滚压轮，即滚压轮轴83和滚压轮82是一体成 型结构，使用一体滚压轮的最大好处是滚压轮直径不受滚压轮82内孔直径和 其轴83直径的影响，因而滚压轮直径可以很小，比如：10毫米，甚至更小。 这为增加滚压头中的滚压轮数量创造了技术条件。
图26是本发明环形滚压轮与滚压轮轴为一体的滚压轮二端装配滚针轴承 与滚压轮座轴承孔之间使用滚针轴承配合实现浮动连接的有轴向和径向活动 空间的结构示意图。图示中，图26与图23、图24、图25不同之处再于，在 滚压轮座76上采用了滚针轴承836，使用滚针轴承836可以进一步大大改善滚 压轮轴83与滚压轮座76孔之间的滑动转动效果。
图27是本发明滚压轮82与滚压轮轴83作为一体成型的替代方案，即使 用（平）键槽835配合的示意图。
图28是本发明滚压轮轴83与滚压轮座76之间使用无间隙轴孔静配合并 非浮动的连接，依靠滚压轮82和滚压轮轴83之间的浮动连接来实现自由轴向 891和径向892活动的情况。
图29是本发明滚压轮轴83与滚压轮座76之间使用有间隙轴孔配合连接， 但并非浮动连接，主要依靠滚压轮82和滚压轮轴83之间的浮动连接来实现自 由轴向和径向活动情况，其中示意了滚压轮82与滚压轮轴83、滚压轮轴83 和滚压轮座76之间轴向间隙891和两个位置的径向间隙8921、8922。
图30至图31为根据图26中本发明滚压轮82和滚压轮轴83采用滚针（轴 承）浮动连接配合，同时滚压轮二个端面采用端面轴承来实现自由轴向和径向 活动的情况；使用滚针（轴承）836和端面轴承837可以进一步大大改善滚压 轮82与滚压轮轴83之间和滚压轮82与滚压轮座76之间的滑动转动效果。
图32至图34为本发明滚压轮82和滚压轮轴83三种轴孔配合浮动连接来 实现自由轴向和径向活动空间的情况，其中仅仅示意了径向间隙892。
其中，图32是滚压轮轴83中部为外凸圆弧形结构，螺旋滚压轮82内孔 为圆柱形结构。
图33是滚压轮轴83为圆柱形结构，环形滚压轮82内孔为外凸圆弧形结 构。
图34是滚压轮轴83中部为外凸圆弧形结构，环形滚压轮82内孔也为外 凸圆弧形结构。
图35至图36分别表示本发明滚压轮82的螺纹成型部分分别是圆锥管螺 纹和圆柱管螺纹的结构。其中，825是滚压轮二个端孔的直径，其等于所述滚 压轮轴直径加上0.1至1个对应滚压轮螺纹的螺距来形成径向活动空间892。
需要指出是，尽管图32至图36没有标示轴向间隙，但在实际滚压中，轴 向间隙是必须存在的。
上述各个滚压轮的螺纹形式可以是螺旋螺纹或者是环形螺纹，圆柱滚压轮 或者是圆锥滚压轮，完全取决于滚压工艺需要。上述的轴孔配合或者是轴承配 合或者是其它配合形式，其目的是要产生滚压轮相对于滚压轮座或者是滚压轮 相对于滚压轮轴可实现轴向与径向的本发明揭示的自由活动空间，以便在滚压 初始瞬间数个滚压轮可自由活动对牙。
图37至图41是本发明滚压轮82中三个部分的详细图示，分别是：导入 部分A、预成型部分B和管螺纹成型部分C的各类组合示意图。
其中，图37是在滚压轮82上呈外凸圆弧面的导入部分A1、圆柱管螺纹 预成型部分B1和圆锥管螺纹成型部分C为一体的组合结构；
图38是在滚压轮82上圆锥面导入部分A2、非完整圆锥管螺纹预成型部 分B2和圆锥管螺纹成型部分C为一体的组合结构；
图39是在滚压轮82上包括呈渐进曲面的导入部分A3、圆柱面预成型部 分B3和圆锥管螺纹成型部分C为一体的组合结构；
图40是在滚压轮82上包括呈外凸圆弧面的导入部分A1和圆锥管螺纹成 型部分C为一体的组合结构；
图41是在滚压轮82上包括非完整圆柱管螺纹预成型部分B2和圆锥管螺 纹成型部分C为一体的组合结构。
图42给出了本发明滚压轮82的三部分分体结构，即导入部分A、预成型 部分B和圆锥管螺纹成型部分C依次分立在滚压轮轴83上形成滚压轮82的 示意图。
上述各个滚压轮的导入部分、预成型部分和成形部分螺纹的各种组合完全 取决于空心圆柱毛坯的壁厚、椭圆度、口径及其材料等状况、滚压轮材料和其 预期寿命、滚压头与设备设计以及滚压工艺等需要。
图43是根据本发明的管外螺纹滚压设备的结构正视图。
图44是图43的结构侧视图。该设备包括机座1，机座1上部一侧设有动 力电机22和变速装置21以及电机开关20，用于夹紧空心圆柱毛坯40并使其 旋转的夹紧装置3；在机座1上部另一侧，平行主轴中心线并排设有位于一水 平面内两根轴向导柱11,导柱设有齿条；滑座10底部二侧安装在二根轴向导柱 11上，滑座10底部二侧与导柱11配合的内孔设有齿轮，与前述的轴向导柱 11上的齿条相匹配，通过摇柄101旋转可轴向移动滑座10；在滑座10上相对 动力电机变速装置21一侧设有与主轴同轴心的并且浮动的圆锥管外螺纹滚压 装置6，滚压装置6上装有沿圆周分布的四个可以作径向同步运动的本发明的 滚压轮螺纹长度为二道的滚压轮82；滚压装置6在一定的轴向力作用下可带动 滑座10在轴向导向柱11上移动，伺服电机62通过蜗轮蜗杆装置63控制滚压 轮82径向锥度与螺纹滚压工艺进给。光电感应器121与光电感应触杆122组 成光电感应装置。当滚压轮从空心圆柱毛坯的滚压起始端开始向管口端完成滚 压时，产品螺纹头部接触光电感应触杆122，启动感应器121使主电机22停止 工作，同时伺服电机62反向旋转，滚压轮82退出滚压加工工位。如图45所 示，根据工艺需要，滚压设备上可配有切料装置5和倒角装置9，使设备具有 加工任意长短产品和倒角去毛刺的功能。
图45是根据本发明的管外螺纹滚压方法、滚压头和设备在空心圆柱体毛 坯上滚压成形圆锥管外螺纹的一实施例的设备结构示意图。
图46是图45的本发明滚压工艺结束时的示意图。
图45显示了设备从完成切料开始、准备滚压的状况。图46显示了滚压完 成时，在光电感应装置12作用下，滚压轮82径向退出，管外螺纹类产品完成 加工并准备倒角加工的示意图。
图47是包含本发明的滚压头旋转的一设备的结构示意图。该设备包括机 座1，机座1上部左侧设有动力电机22和变速装置21以及电机开关20，变速 装置21与空心主轴23相连，将动力电机22的高速小扭矩转动变为空心主轴 低速大扭矩转动；空心主轴23与滚压头6相连；这样动力电机22转动通过空 心主轴带动滚压头6转动滚压一端被夹紧装置3固定，另一端被中心孔定位顶 针装置91中心定位的空心圆柱毛坯40的管外螺纹；在机座1上部，平行主轴 中心线设有位于同一水平面内的双平面导轨11；滑座10底部安装在平面导轨 11上，在滑座10一侧设有夹紧装置3,另一侧设有同平面同轴心的空心圆柱毛 坯中心孔定位装置91。管螺纹滚压装置6上装有沿圆周分布的四个可以作径向 同步运动的滚压轮82。当滚压圆锥管外螺纹时，其工作原理与前述图43至图 44相同。当空心圆柱毛坯完成滚压时，产品螺纹头部接触光电感应装置121， 使主电机22停止工作，同时伺服电机62反向旋转，滚压轮82退出滚压加工 工位,完成滚压管外螺纹类产品的加工。如同图45所示，根据工艺需要，滚压 设备上可配有切料装置。将空心圆柱毛坯中心孔定位装置91改为倒角装置9， 使设备另外具有加工任意长短产品和倒角去毛刺的功能。
本发明所述的滚压头不仅可以运用于上述滚压设备当中，本专业技术人员 根据本发明的精神经过改造，也可以运用于下面所列专利中涉及到的相应滚压 设备的任何一种或它们之间的可能组合：US4771625A、JP1273637A、 CN102198590A、CN202316603U、CN103264128A、CN1251821C。
图48根据本发明的方法制造的双头圆锥管外螺纹生产设备的一实施例的 结构示意图。图中左右二边分别设置不同转向的滚压头6。当空心圆柱毛坯40 被按设定的转速旋转时，左右二个滚压头6分别由411处也即欲加工的螺纹尾 部开始滚压切入，由里向外至410处也即欲加工的螺纹头部开始滚压切入。同 时通过滚压头6的径向进给装置电机62，完成双头圆锥管外螺纹类产品滚压加 工。左右二个滚压头的轴向与径向工作方式、设备的基本配置与功能与前述的 相同，在此不在赘述。
实例
下面以燃气行业常用规格为DN32、长度为6000毫米、壁厚为3.5毫米的 燃气专用镀锌焊管现场安装为例,结合图1至图6、图15至图20以及图45至 图46，对比现有滚压加工管外螺纹工艺，对本发明的前述目的、技术方案和有 益效果加以进一步详细说明。
根据现有国家标准《低压流体输送用焊接钢管》（GB3091-2008）DN32 燃气专用镀锌钢管的外径423为42.4毫米、普通壁厚为3.50毫米、内径422 为35.40毫米。如图1所示，采用现有滚压管外螺纹工艺，采用大吨位轴向冲 压装置，首先加工1:16的圆锥面425；如图2和3所示，然后利用有效螺纹长 度的滚压轮80，从管口端420处也既欲加工的管外螺纹头部460处开始滚压切 入至421处也既欲加工的管外螺纹尾部461处方向轴向滚压加工管外螺纹产 品，完成管外螺纹类产品46的滚压加工。但造成下列问题：
1.钢管的内径422缩小量为3.11毫米，即滚压加工后的管外螺纹类产品 内径不但受到锥面冲压内缩径约1.6毫米的影响，而且也受到滚压约1.5毫米 内径再缩径的影响，内径最小端462处仅为32.29毫米，钢管内孔缩小百分比 为9％，远远大于前述的国家和国际标准允许的3.4％钢管内孔缩小百分比，影 响管内流体输送的稳定性；
2.每个管网施工安装现场不可能配有大吨位轴向冲压或者是径向挤压设 备，专门用于加工圆锥面425；
3.冲压或挤压压力在成形锥面时，对管体材料，特别是钢管原始外径423 与圆锥面交集处的焊管焊缝461，造成隐性和显性的破坏，给滚压管外螺纹产 品留下安全隐患。
为了解决前述问题，如图4至图6以及图15至图20所示，采用本发明的 管螺纹成型部分只有二道螺纹的滚压轮82，其螺纹长度不到其产品有效螺纹长 度11道螺纹长度的20%，也既本发明滚压轮的滚压轮长度为现有滚压技术滚 压轮长度的20％不到。滚压头由411处也既欲加工的管外螺纹尾部481处开始 滚压，利用滚压头上的滚压轮与空心圆柱毛坯的螺旋角差异在滚压过程中产生 的轴向分力，在向410处也即欲加工管外螺纹头部480处轴向滚压移动过程时， 如图15和图16所示，利用伺服电机62和蜗轮蜗杆传动装置63，将电机62 的旋转变为按滚压锥度工艺要求的滚压轮82径向同步进给，边滚压管螺纹边 形成圆锥面，同时直接在标准DN32钢管外径上滚压管外螺纹。由于采用直接 滚压方法，摈弃了冲压工艺和设备，避免了冲压压力在锥面成形时对管体材料， 特别是在钢管标准外径与锥面交集处481的焊管焊缝的隐性和显性破坏，大大 减少了现有滚压技术对管外螺纹产品产生的安全隐患，同时减少了钢管内孔 482缩小量，仅为现有技术的50%，增加了管内流体输送的稳定性。
下面结合图45和图46进一步详细说明具体加工实施步骤。首先，将前述 标准钢管外径毛坯40的DN32置于夹紧装置3之中并夹紧，打开电机开关20 使空心圆柱毛坯40旋转，手动将浮动的滚压切料装置5按工艺径向进给，滚 压切断空心圆柱毛坯40的6000毫米的长度至所需长度2750毫米，手动反向 旋转松开滚压切料装置5，关闭电机开关20,完成切料工位。通过摇柄101手动 将管外螺纹滚压装置6轴向进给推至加工位置411也即欲加工的管外螺纹的尾 部位置；手动将浮动的滚压装置6中的滚压轮82径向接触空心圆柱毛坯40的 加工位置411，该被接触的位置411，当管外螺纹加工完毕后，就是管外螺纹 的尾部481；打开电机开关20，空心圆柱毛坯40旋转；进一步径向进给滚压 轮82使滚压轮滚压切入411位置，利用滚压轮的螺旋升角与空心圆柱毛坯40 的导入角差异使滑座10沿双导向柱11由位置411开始自动向410处也既欲加 工的管外螺纹头部480处轴向移动。与此同时，伺服电机62通过预先设定的 程序自动径向按滚压锥度工艺要求进给；当滑座10上的滚压装置6中的滚压 轮82轴向移动到管外螺纹的头部480时,光电感应装置12工作，关闭主动力电 机，同时启动伺服电机62反向旋转，滚压轮82脱离管外螺纹产品48,滚压加 工完成。在加工管外螺纹过程中，根据滚压工艺需要，可以将浮动的倒角装置 9一并使用。
结合图1至图6以及图45、图46，将它们相对比，本发明的圆锥管外螺 纹产品的方法、滚压头及其设备与现有技术的圆锥管外螺纹产品的制造方法、 滚压头及其设备的差异性显而易见，由此带来其有益效果是：
1.比目前滚压管外螺纹工艺节省了轴向冲压或者是径向挤压工艺，与目前 现场100%采用的切削套丝工艺步骤基本接近，加工装置简易轻便，符合人们 目前使用习惯，便于大量推广使用；
2.采用管螺纹成型部分螺纹长度较有效管螺纹长度短的滚压轮，并旋转逐 步滚压工艺来完成圆锥面与管外螺纹一次定位加工，避免了对钢管管体，特别 是焊管焊缝，隐性和显性的破坏，提高了螺纹密实均匀度、螺纹连接强度与密 封安全性能，同时提高了管外螺纹产品的同心度；
3.管外螺纹产品的内孔缩小量符合现有国际与国家标准；
4.降低了滚压轮的材料成本和制造成本；
5.比目前切削套丝加工管外螺纹工艺，滚压成形的管外螺纹产品其钢管单 位长度重量与滚压前的原始钢管单位长度重量是一样的并受到滚压的冷作硬 化作用，其承压能力比相对应的标准的切削管外螺纹产品提高了约100%；显 而易见，在提高管外螺纹连接安全性的基础上，可以探讨减少钢管的外径或壁 厚，从而减少钢管用钢量，达到节能减排的绿色环保目的。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而其并非用以限定本发明，任何 熟悉本领域的一般技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，应当可以作出 种种的等效的变化或替换，并不受前述的滚压方法与方向、滚压轮长度、滚压 轮数量与安装形式、滚压头数量与安装形式、滚压轮座径向与轴向运动形式等 限制。例如：滚压轮开始滚压切入点可以是从管外螺纹的螺尾开始，也可以是 从有效螺纹的螺尾或者是从完整螺纹的螺尾或者是完整螺纹的其它非螺纹口 端开始滚压切入，向螺纹头部方向完成螺纹滚压。对于厚壁管外螺纹，滚压轮 可以是从管外螺纹的头部开始滚压切入，滚压轮径向地逐步由内向外按滚压锥 度工艺要求滚压至圆锥管外螺纹的尾部。滚压头可以是相对于固定空心圆柱钢 管毛坯的装置的转动或者是固定空心圆柱管材毛坯的装置相对于滚压头装置 的转动或者是二者相对的转动。每个滚压轮也可以自带旋转动力以滚压轮轴为 中心自行旋转产生相对于空心圆柱毛坯的运动。数个滚压轮座可以是同步径向 进给运动或者是非同步运动。前述的滚压轮螺纹道数，对于不同钢管种类：如 碳钢管、不锈钢管、铜钢管、钛合金钢管至24以及特殊合金钢管等，对于不 同尺寸钢管：如1/16寸以及以上等，或者是其它非标准外径尺寸管材，对于不 同钢管厚度、有缝无缝钢管，对于不同管外螺纹牙型：如NPT,BSPT、API以 及米制管螺纹等等，可以根据本发明前述的合适滚压力原则来调整，通过调整 滚压头装置轴向与径向进给比例，然后利用本发明所揭示的滚压方法加工管外 螺纹确定滚压轮长度，以适应各种标准和非标准的管材。本发明的滚压方法不 但适合空心圆柱毛坯，还适合于实心圆柱毛坯。因此，本发明的保护范围当视 后附的本申请权利要求所界定的范围为准。
附图标记列表
1    机座及机座架
2    动力电机及变速装置
20   电机开关
21   变速装置
22   动力电机
23   空心主轴
3    工件夹紧装置
4    空心圆柱毛坯与管螺纹产品
40   空心圆柱毛坯
41   现有切削技术空心圆柱毛坯
410  加工起始端
411  加工结束端
42   现有滚压技术空心圆柱毛坯
420  加工起始端
421  加工结束端
422  圆柱内径
423  圆柱外径
425  圆柱锥面
46   现有滚压技术管螺纹产品
460  螺纹头部
461  螺纹尾部
462  产品内径
465  产品锥面
48   本发明管螺纹产品
480  螺纹头部
481  螺纹尾部
482  产品内径
5    滚压切料装置
6    （圆形）滚压头
60   滚压头本体(固定盘)
601  固定盘体轴孔
602  固定盘体轴
61   滚压轮座滑槽
62   滚压头中动力电机
63   蜗轮蜗杆组
64   齿轮控制杆
66   旋转盘
661  伞齿轮
662  螺旋凹槽
67   液压油缸或者是气缸比例伺服阀
68   液压油缸或者是气缸
69   滚珠丝杆
7    (方形)滚压头
70   滚压头本体
71   导柱
72   动力旋转柄
73   丝杆
74   浮动调节螺栓
75   浮动弹簧柱
76   滚压轮座
761  上滚压轮座
762  下滚压轮座
766  轴承
77   横杆
770  上杆
771  中杆
772  下杆
8    滚压轮
80   现有技术滚压轮
82   本发明滚压轮
825  滚压轮体端口直径
83   本发明滚压轮轴
835  平键
836  本发明滚压轮轴上滚针轴承
837  端面轴承
86   滚压轮座
861  螺旋凸槽
89   间隙
891  轴向间隙
892  径向间隙
8A   （滚压轮体的）导入部分
A1   外凸圆弧面导入部分
A2   圆锥面或者是圆锥面导入部分
A3   渐进曲面导入部分
8B   （滚压轮的）预成型部分
B1   圆柱管螺纹预成型部分
B2   非完整管螺纹预成型部分
B3   圆柱面预成型部分
8C   （滚压轮的）圆锥管螺纹成型部分
9    倒角装置
91   中心孔定位顶针装置
10   滑座
101  滑座的摇柄
11   机座上（二根）轴向导柱或者是平面导轨
12   光电感应装置
121  光电感应器
122  光电感应触杆
a    实时锥度
a1   实时锥度1的1/2
a2   实时锥度2的1/2
dF   外施加的力
dF1  产生的滚压螺纹牙型径向分力
dF2  产生的滚压锥度径向分力
dTf  产生的滚压切向分力
dT   旋转产生的扭矩
dTt  产生的滚压切向分力
dZ   由滚压轮与圆柱毛坯螺旋角差产生轴向分力
dR   产生的滚压力
dX   产生的X轴分力
dY   产生的Y轴分力

Claims (51)

  1. 一种管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，将滚压轮从所述管外螺纹 的螺尾开始滚压切入，向螺纹头部方向完成螺纹滚压。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述滚压 轮上含有管螺纹成型部分，所述管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度小于所滚压的所 述管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述管螺 纹成型部分的螺纹长度为所述管外螺纹的一道螺纹长度、二道螺纹长度、三 道螺纹长度、四道螺纹长度或五道螺纹长度。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述管外 螺纹是圆柱管外螺纹。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述管外 螺纹是圆锥管外螺纹。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述滚压 轮能够通过径向位置调节装置在动态滚压全过程实时调节其沿径向的位置， 从而形成滚压工艺所需要的锥度。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，利用滚压 时所述滚压轮产生的滚压轴向分力，使所述滚压轮相对于空心圆柱毛坯由螺 尾向螺纹头部滚压移动，同时通过所述径向位置调节装置控制滚压轮径向进 给，使得滚压轮径向进给随着轴向位置的变化而变化，从而直接滚压加工成 形圆锥管外螺纹。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述滚压 轮的径向进给速率和所述滚压轮相对于所述空心圆柱毛坯的轴向移动速率 的比值等于所述管外螺纹实时锥度的1/2。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的管外螺纹滚压加工方法，其特征在于，所述滚压 轮的径向进给速率和所述滚压轮相对于所述空心圆柱毛坯的轴向移动速率 的比值等于1/32。
  10. 一种管外螺纹滚压头，包括至少一个沿圆周布置的滚压轮及相应的 滚压轮轴和滚压轮座，所述滚压轮通过所述滚压轮轴可转动地固定到所述滚 压轮座上，所述滚压轮上设有管螺纹成型部分，所述管螺纹成型部分的螺纹 长度小于所滚压的所述管外螺纹的有效螺纹长度。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮的 个数为2个以上，优选地为4个或5个。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述管外螺纹 为圆锥管外螺纹。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，在所述滚压轮 座上设有沿径向调节所述滚压轮座的径向位置调节装置，从而沿径向在动态 滚压全过程实时调节所述滚压轮的径向位置，从而形成滚压工艺所需要的锥 度。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，利用滚压时所 述滚压轮产生的滚压轴向分力，使所述滚压轮相对于空心圆柱毛坯由螺尾向 螺纹头部沿轴向滚压移动，同时通过所述径向位置调节装置控制滚压轮径向 进给，使得滚压轮径向进给随着轴向滚压位置的变化而变化，从而直接滚压 加工成形圆锥管外螺纹。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮相 对于所述空心圆柱毛坯的轴向滚压移动是所述滚压头轴向移动而所述空心 圆柱毛坯轴向静止，或者是所述空心圆柱毛坯轴向移动而所述滚压头轴向静 止，或者是二者同时轴向的相对移动。
  16. 如权利要求13至15任一所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所 述径向位置调节装置的径向力动力源可以来自使滚压头与所述空心圆柱毛 坯相对转动的动力源或者是来自其它独立的动力源。
  17. 如权利要求13至15任一所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所 述径向位置调节装置可以是手动调节、机械传动调节、液压比例调节、气动 比例调节、电机带动蜗轮蜗杆调节、电机带动齿轮齿条调节、电机滚珠丝杠 调节以及由滚压头轴向运动联动径向位置进给调节中的一种，或者其中多种 的组合。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，还包括外圆壳 体盘、旋转盘、以及滚压轮座和滚压轮；所述外圆壳体盘与滚压设备上的滑 座间隙相连；所述旋转盘在所述外圆壳体盘一侧通过轴孔配合与所述外圆壳 体盘同轴心地安装在其内圆轴上，并在与所述外圆壳体盘相对的一侧上设有 螺旋凹槽；所述外圆壳体盘上开有至少一个径向滚压轮座滑槽，所述滚压轮 座通过其底部的多个螺旋凸槽与所述旋转盘的所述螺旋凹槽的相互配合作 用而在外圆壳体盘的所述滚压轮座滑槽内作径向移动，所述滚压轮座上装有 滚压轮，当旋转盘旋转时，通过与其螺旋凹槽相匹配的螺旋凸槽，带动滚压 轮座沿着外圆壳体盘上相应滑槽作径向移动。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，还包括：齿轮 控制杆，所述旋转盘的另一侧是伞形齿轮，所述伞形齿轮中心轴线大致与滚 压头的中心轴线重合；齿轮控制杆在其一端部设有与所述旋转盘的伞形齿轮 啮合且中心轴线沿所述齿轮控制杆纵向轴线的另一伞形齿轮，所述齿轮控制 杆的纵向轴线与所述旋转盘的中心轴线成一定角度；所述旋转齿轮控制杆能 够使所述旋转盘绕其自身轴线旋转。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，还包括动力电 机，所述动力电机通过蜗轮蜗杆、齿轮齿条、滚珠丝杠、皮带轮、凸轮或曲 柄连杆驱动所述齿轮控制杆旋转。
  21. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，还包括：动力 旋转柄、丝杆、上杆、中杆、下杆、一对导向柱；所述一对导向柱在其上端 和下端分别固定到所述上杆和下杆的两侧，构成固定框架结构，且所述一对 导向柱穿过所述中杆两侧上的孔，且所述中杆能沿所述导向柱上下滑动；所 述上杆内设有竖直方向的螺纹孔；所述丝杠可与所述螺纹孔啮合，且所述丝 杆上端与所述动力旋转柄固定连接，而下端抵靠所述中杆，从而所述动力旋 转柄带动所述丝杆转动下可使所述中杆沿两侧的导向柱上下移动；所述中杆 和下杆上分别设有滚压轮座和相应的滚压轮。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，还包括：圆柱 体、弹簧以及调节螺栓；所述圆柱体上端与所述下杆固定相连；所述圆柱体 下端与滚压设备滑座的轴孔活动配合，通过套设在所述圆柱体上且两端分别 抵靠所述下杆和所述滚压设备滑座的所述弹簧使整个所述固定框架结构与 所述滚压设备滑座浮动相连；所述调节螺栓从所述下杆向下突出并与所述滚 压设备滑座间隔开一定距离，通过调节所述调节螺栓的长短，从而调节其与 所述滚压设备滑座间隔开的距离，能够控制所述固定框架结构的摆动幅度以 保证所述空心圆柱毛坯与滚压头同心；通过转动所述动力旋转柄，所述丝杆 带动中杆在导向柱上下移动由此实现在滚压头轴向移动时径向滚压轮位置 的动态调整。
  23. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮管 螺纹成型部分含有至少一道螺纹，所述螺纹的螺牙形状与所加工的圆柱管外 螺纹螺牙或者是所加工的圆锥管外螺纹螺牙对应。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述管螺纹成 型部分的螺纹长度为所述有效螺纹的一道螺纹长度、二道螺纹长度、三道螺 纹长度、四道螺纹长度或五道螺纹长度。
  25. 如权利要求23所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮用 于滚压55°BSPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、 DN20、DN25、DN32或DN40时，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过6 道螺纹，优选的是一道或二道，对于管径为DN50、DN65、DN80或DN90， 其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过9道螺纹，优选的是一道、二道或三道， 对于管径为DN100、DN125、DN150及以上，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长 度不超过14道螺纹，优选的是一道、二道、三道或四道；所述滚压轮用于 滚压60°NPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、 DN20、DN25、DN32或DN40时，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过5 道螺纹，优选的是一道或二道，对于管径为DN50、DN65、DN80或DN90， 其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过8道螺纹，优选的是一道、二道或三道， 对于管径为DN100、DN125、DN150及以上，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长 度不超过13道螺纹，优选的是一道、二道、三道或四道；所述滚压轮用于 滚压API圆锥管外螺纹时，其管螺纹成型部分的螺纹长度不超过其相应有效 螺纹长度的90%，优选的是一道、二道、三道、四道或五道螺纹。
  26. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮是 螺旋滚压轮或者是环型滚压轮，或者是它们二者的合理组合。
  27. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮在 所述管螺纹成型部分的头部进一步包括预成型部分，所述预成型部分的形状 包括圆柱面、圆锥面、圆柱螺纹、非完整圆锥螺纹、或其组合。
  28. 如权利要求10所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮在 所述管螺纹成型部分的头部进一步包括导入部分，所述导入部分的形状包括 锥面、弧面、渐进曲面或其组合。
  29. 如权利要求27所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述滚压轮在 所述预成型部分的头部进一步包括导入部分，所述导入部分的形状包括锥 面、弧面、渐进曲面或其组合。
  30. 如权利要求27至29任一项所述的管外螺纹滚压头,其特征在于，所 述滚压轮的所述导入部分、所述预成型部分以及所述管螺纹成型部分是一体 化结构，或是组合结构。
  31. 如权利要求10至30任一项所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于， 所述滚压轮包括所述管螺纹成型部分，所述滚压轮相对于所述滚压轮座沿所 述滚压轮轴的方向上有一轴向活动空间；同时所述滚压轮相对于所述滚压轮 座沿所述滚压轮轴的径向上有一径向活动空间。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述轴向活动 空间优选的是所述管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的0.1个螺距至1个螺距，更优 选的，是0.5个螺距至1个螺距，最优选的，是0.5个螺距或1个螺距，同 时所述径向活动空间优选的是不超过所述管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的1个螺 距，更优选的是不超过所述管螺纹成型部分对应螺纹的0.5个螺距。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述轴向活动 空间和所述径向活动空间是通过选自以下任一组结构来实现的：
    a)所述滚压轮轴和所述滚压轮座之间的浮动连接；
    b)所述滚压轮与所述滚压轮轴之间的浮动连接；
    c)a)组和b)组的组合；
    所述浮动连接选自：轴孔浮动连接或轴承浮动连接。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述轴孔浮动 连接包括：
    a)所述滚压轮轴孔表面与所述滚压轮轴表面任一呈弧形或均为弧形的 接触连接；或
    b)所述滚压轮轴和所述滚压轮座之间的轴孔连接位置处表面任一呈弧 形或均为弧形的接触连接。
  35. 如权利要求33所述的管外螺纹滚压头，其特征在于，所述轴承浮动 连接是通过滚针轴承或者是端面轴承或者是二者组合连接实现的。
  36. 一种利用权利要求10-35中所述任一滚压头滚压加工管外螺纹的方 法，其特征在于，将所述滚压轮从所述管外螺纹的螺尾开始滚压切入，向螺 纹头部方向完成螺纹滚压。
  37. 一种管外螺纹滚压设备，包含权利要求10-35中任一项所述的滚 压头。
  38. 如权利要求37所述的管外螺纹滚压设备，进一步包括：机座、动力 电机、工件夹紧装置、电机开关以及联接动力电机与空心圆柱工件夹紧装置 或者是滚压头的变速装置；其中，所述机座上部设有所述动力电机及所述 电机开关及用于夹紧待加工空心圆柱毛坯的所述夹紧装置，所述动力电机在 电机开关的控制下，通过所述变速装置，使所述滚压轮与所述夹紧装置夹持 的空心圆柱毛坯产生相对滚压运动。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的管外螺纹滚压设备，进一步包括：空心主轴、 两根轴向导柱、滑座；
    其中，所述机座上部一侧设有所述动力电机及所述变速装置和所述电机 开关，所述动力电机上方有所述空心主轴，所述变速装置将所述动力电机的 主轴与所述空心主轴相连；
    所述机座上部还有用于夹紧待加工空心圆柱毛坯并使其旋转的所述 夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置与所述空心主轴同轴心并连为一体；
    所述两轴向导柱设置在所述机座上部的另一侧，且平行于所述空心 主轴中心线前后设置；
    所述滑座设置在所述两轴向导柱上，可沿所述轴向导柱水平自由滑动；
    所述滚压头浮动设置在所述滑座上，与所述空心主轴同轴心。
  40. 如权利要求38所述的管螺纹滚压设备，进一步包括：空心主轴、导 轨、滑座以及空心圆柱毛坯中心孔定位顶针装置；
    其中，所述机座上部一侧设有所述动力电机及所述变速装置和所述电机 开关，所述动力电机上方有所述空心主轴，所述变速装置将所述动力电机的 主轴与所述空心主轴相连,所述空心主轴与一滚压头固定相连；
    所述机座上部滑座一侧设有用于夹紧待加工毛坯的夹紧装置，滑座 另一侧设有与其匹配的空心圆柱毛坯中心孔定位顶针装置；
    所述导轨设置在所述机座上部，且平行于所述空心主轴中心线前后设置；
    所述滑座设置在所述导轨上，可沿所述轴向导轨水平自由滑动；
    所述夹紧装置和中心定位顶针装置设置在所述滑座上，与所述滚压 头同轴心。
  41. 如权利要求39和40所述的滚压设备，其特征在于，所述滚压设备 还包括一倒角装置和/或一滚压切料装置和/或一光电感应装置；
    其中，所述倒角装置浮动设置在所述滑座上相对所述动力电机一侧， 与所述空心主轴同轴心；
    所述切料滚压装置，设置在所述滑座上相对所述动力电机一侧，与 所述空心主轴同轴心；
    所述的光电感应装置设置在所述滚压头中，控制滚压时间和滚压正 反转顺序。
  42. 一种在钢管标准外径上直接滚压圆锥管外螺纹的方法，其特征在于， 由至少二个或者是二个以上的非全长度尺寸的沿圆周方向分布的滚压轮组 成的滚压装置，从管外螺纹的不完整螺纹尾部开始滚压切入，利用滚压时产 生的滚压轴向分力，使所述滚压装置由螺纹尾部向螺纹头部沿轴向移动，同 时通过所述滚压装置中由传动机构控制的滚压轮的径向同步进给，直接一次 滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹产品。
  43. 如权利要求42所述的在钢管标准外径上直接滚压圆锥管外螺纹的方 法，其特征在于，滚压装置的轴向移动是在滚压轮与空心圆柱毛坯的螺纹螺 旋角差异所致的轴向力的作用下，从管外螺纹螺纹尾部不完整螺纹开始向管 外螺纹头部的完整管外螺纹方向逐步的轴向滚压移动。
  44. 一种在钢管标准外径上直接滚压圆锥管外螺纹的装置，其特征在于， 由至少二个或者是二个以上的非全长度尺寸的沿圆周方向分布的滚压轮组 成的滚压装置，从管外螺纹的不完整螺纹尾部开始滚压切入，利用滚压时产 生的滚压轴向分力，使所述滚压装置由螺纹尾部向螺纹头部沿轴向移动，同 时通过所述滚压装置中由传动机构控制的滚压轮的径向同步进给，直接一次 滚压加工成形圆锥管外螺纹产品。
  45. 一种如权利要求44所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，所述的滚压装置 中的二个或者是二个以上滚压轮，在滚压装置整体轴向移动滚压过程中滚压 轮同时是通过手动同步径向进给的或者是机械同步径向进给的或者是液压 同步径向进给的或者是电机带动蜗杆和蜗轮机构同步径向进给的；滚压装置 中的滚压轮的径向进给速度和比例是随着滚压装置轴向移动的速度和比例 按锥管管外螺纹的滚压工艺要求设置的。
  46. 如权利要求44所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，滚压轮的内孔与安装 在可径向滑动的滑块的鼓形销轴相匹配或者是滚压轮圆弧形内孔与安装在 可径向滑动的滑块的标准销轴相匹配，滚压轮内孔与销轴之间有一定的空间 自由度，滚压轮能轴向和径向非常灵活地运动。
  47. 如权利要求44所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，所述非全长度尺寸的 管外螺纹滚压轮有一道或者是一道以上的相应标准的圆柱管外螺纹螺牙或 者是相应标准的圆锥管外螺纹螺牙。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，所述滚压轮用于滚压 55°BSPT圆锥管外螺纹，管径为DN4、DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、DN20、 DN25、DN32和DN40时，其螺牙道数不超过6道，对于管径为DN50、DN65、 DN80和DN90，其螺牙道数不超过9道，对于管径为DN100、DN125和 DN150，其螺牙道数不超过14道；所述滚压轮用于滚压60°NPT圆锥管外 螺纹，管径为DN4、DN6、DN8、DN10、DN15、DN20、DN25、DN32和 DN40时，其螺牙道数不超过6道，对于管径为DN50、DN65、DN80、DN90、 DN100、DN125和DN150，其螺牙道数不超过7道；所述滚压轮用于滚压 API圆锥管外螺纹时，其螺牙道数不超过其相应有效螺纹长度的80%。
  49. 如权利要求44所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，管外螺纹滚压轮是螺 旋滚压轮或者是环型滚压轮，或者是它们二者的组合。
  50. 如权利要求44所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，所述滚压轮是非全长 度尺寸管外螺纹滚压轮或者是由导入部分和非全长度尺寸管外螺纹部分组 合成一体的滚压轮。
  51. 如权利要求44所述的滚压装置，其特征在于，所述滚压装置，是安 装在被加工空心圆柱毛坯一边的设计用于滚压加工单头管外螺纹产品，或者 是安装在被加工空心圆柱毛坯两边的设计用于同时滚压加工双头管外螺纹 产品。
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CN108994227A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2018-12-14 苏州迈道纳自动化科技有限公司 花纹花键滚压座
TWI845901B (zh) 2021-05-13 2024-06-21 日商佑能工具股份有限公司 螺紋模具

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