WO2014114155A1 - 一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2014114155A1
WO2014114155A1 PCT/CN2013/090093 CN2013090093W WO2014114155A1 WO 2014114155 A1 WO2014114155 A1 WO 2014114155A1 CN 2013090093 W CN2013090093 W CN 2013090093W WO 2014114155 A1 WO2014114155 A1 WO 2014114155A1
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lignin
sodium
reaction
dye
acid
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PCT/CN2013/090093
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邱学青
杨东杰
秦延林
周明松
楼宏铭
易聪华
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华南理工大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07GCOMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
    • C07G1/00Lignin; Lignin derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08HDERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08H6/00Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/005Lignin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0071Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
    • C09B67/0084Dispersions of dyes
    • C09B67/0085Non common dispersing agents
    • C09B67/009Non common dispersing agents polymeric dispersing agent
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/16General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dye dispersant, and more particularly to a carboxysulfonic acid base lignin dye dispersant and a process for the preparation thereof.
  • the alkali lignin as a by-product of the alkaline pulping and papermaking process is used as a raw material to prepare a lignin-based dye dispersing agent, which is suitable for dispersing dyes and the like of water-soluble dyes such as insoluble dyes and reactive dyes.
  • a dye dispersant can reduce the particle size of a dye particle during the grinding process of a disperse dye such as a disperse dye, and stably and uniformly disperse the dye in water; the dye dispersant can also prevent water-soluble dye such as a reactive dye from agglomerating in water. A relatively uniform and stable dispersion is formed, so the dye dispersant plays a key role in the processing and use of commercial dyes.
  • the types of dye dispersants commonly used at home and abroad are anionic and nonionic. Commonly used anionic dispersing agents are: (1) Naphthalene sulfonate condensate dispersing agent.
  • NNO which is widely used in China, belongs to such products, and has the advantages of less contamination of fibers and reduction of azo dyes.
  • the damage rate is low, but the high temperature stability is poor, the single use comprehensive performance is poor, the source of raw materials is limited, the toxicity is high, especially the petrochemical resources are less and less, so the production cost of the naphthalene sulfonate condensate dispersant is higher. The higher it is.
  • (2) Polycarboxylic acid series which are graft copolymerized with unsaturated polycarboxylic acid monomer and other monomers, such as acrylic acid graft copolymer dispersant, but the cost is high, and there is still a little difficulty in mass production application.
  • Nonionic surfactants are polyethylene glycol type and polyol type. Such a dispersing agent can double as an emulsifier or the like, but is relatively expensive.
  • Lignosulfonate dye dispersant mainly from lignin sulfonate in acid papermaking pulping waste liquor and sulfonated derivative of alkali lignin in alkaline pulping waste liquid, due to its raw materials
  • Renewable resources have received increasing attention in recent years.
  • Lignin is the second largest biomass resource in the world after cellulose.
  • lignin is a by-product of the paper industry. At present, more than 95% of lignin is still directly discharged into the river in the form of "black liquor” or concentrated.
  • lignin dispersants are highly competitive with similar petrochemical products.
  • Industrial lignin can be divided into alkali lignin and Lignosulfonate according to the different cooking processes.
  • the alkali lignin is also cooked by the kraft method, which is also called papermaking black liquor; the lignosulfonate is obtained by cooking by the sulfurous acid method.
  • acid pulping produces a large amount of waste acid and wastewater, the cost of treating wastewater is high and the pollution is extremely harmful to the environment.
  • alkali-based pulping nowadays China's pulp industry is mainly based on alkaline pulping, which has also produced
  • alkali lignin accounts for more than 90% of industrial lignin, but alkali lignin is only dissolved in strong alkaline solution, poor water solubility seriously limits the application of alkali lignin , often drained or burned, polluting the environment and wasting resources.
  • the preparation of lignin dye dispersant by using alkali lignin recovered from black liquor of papermaking has important application value and environmental significance.
  • the sulfonated alkali lignin dye dispersant has good dispersing properties for dyes, but has problems such as poor high-temperature dispersion stability, large reduction of azo dyes, and serious staining of fibers.
  • sulfonation reaction is generally used to prepare a sulfonated lignin dispersant.
  • the sulfonation method is mainly a normal pressure sulfomethylation method, a high temperature and high pressure sulfonation method, and an oxidative sulfonation method.
  • the azo dye It also interacts with the azo dye to reduce the dye and destroy the azo structure, causing the dye to lose color.
  • the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups is mainly reduced.
  • the epichlorohydrin modification method can effectively improve the staining performance of lignin dispersants and the azo dyes. Reducing.
  • US Pat. No. 4001 202 uses epichlorohydrin to block the phenolic hydroxyl group of lignosulfonate to reduce the hydroxyl group content and reduce its staining and reducing properties, but its dispersing property is still comparable to that of naphthalene dispersing agent.
  • US Patent US 5,989,299 uses triethanolamine, diethylamine to modify sodium lignin sulfonate as a dispersant for azo dye system by ion exchange reaction, and the reduction of azo dye in azo dye system by amine ion suppression , thereby reducing the color loss of the azo dye;
  • U.S. Patent 4,444,562 discloses the problem of reduction of the azo dye by the lignosulfonate by the addition of a chelating agent (EDTA).
  • EDTA chelating agent
  • the low molecular weight component of lignin is also one of the important factors that cause staining of fibers.
  • the Chinese patent CN 871 02691 A is prepared by sulfonating non-environmental plant alkali lignin and filtering through a sieve of 80 to 100 mesh to remove small molecules and impurities, and then preparing a lignin dye dispersant.
  • the lignin-based dispersing agent prepared in U.S. Patent No. 1,7,761,7 is obtained by ultrafiltration to remove components having a molecular weight of less than 3,000 in the sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignin, and the dispersing property is remarkably improved.
  • the prepared sulfonated lignin has a low degree of sulfonation and low molecular weight, and still contains more phenolic hydroxyl groups, high temperature dispersion stability, dye reduction performance and fiber staining.
  • the performance of pollution and other aspects still need to be further mentioned! 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an excellent performance of a carboxylated lignin-based lignin dye which is excellent in high-temperature dispersibility, staining property to fibers, and reducibility of azo dyes.
  • the dispersing agent has excellent dispersing properties for dyes, low staining property to fibers, low reducibility to azo dyes, and broadening the resource utilization route of papermaking black liquor. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing a lignin dye dispersant using by-products of paper pulping.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a carboxysulfonic acid lignin dye dispersing agent, comprising the following steps:
  • the polycondensation end-capping reaction time in the step (3) is preferably 2 ⁇ 4h.
  • the acidic regulator is preferably sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
  • the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is preferably 10%.
  • the alkaline regulator is preferably an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide preferably has a mass concentration of 30%.
  • a carboxylsulfonic acid lignin-based dye dispersant It is prepared by any of the above methods, and has a sulfonic acid group content of more than 2.00 mmol/g, a carboxyl group content of more than 2.0 mmol/g, a phenolic hydroxyl group content of less than 0.5 mmol/g, and a molecular weight of more than 10,000 Da.
  • the present invention is compared with the prior art.
  • the invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the carboxyl group-containing sulfonic acid lignin-based dye dispersing agent prepared by the invention has the following characteristics:
  • the lignin-based dye dispersant prepared by the technology of the invention has a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group hydrophilic functional group on the hydrophobic skeleton phenylpropane structural unit of the alkali lignin, which can generate an IT interaction between the dispersant benzene ring and the dye molecule.
  • the hydrophilic group is dissolved in water and adsorbed on the dye particles, thereby producing greater effective electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, and thus has excellent grinding and dispersing properties.
  • the invention utilizes graft copolymerization of sodium hydroxypropylcarboxylate with sulfonic acid alkali lignin, which not only increases the content of carboxyl groups, but also has a certain blocking effect on the phenolic hydroxyl group in the lignin structure;
  • the lignin undergoes a polycondensation end-capping reaction, which not only increases the molecular weight of the dispersant, but also blocks the phenolic structure in the lignin structure, reduces the reduction of the azo dye by the lignin dye and the staining property of the fiber, and improves the comprehensive performance of the dispersant.
  • the carboxysulfonic acid lignin dye dispersing agent prepared by the invention has a weight average molecular weight of more than 1 0000 Da, a sulfonation degree of more than 2.0 mmol/g, a carboxyl group content of more than 2.0 mmol/g, and a sulfonation degree and a molecular weight thereof are higher than
  • the traditional process of sulfonated alkali lignin products and sodium lignosulfonate from acid pulping waste liquid, while introducing a certain amount of carboxyl groups, has a higher negative charge density, can significantly improve the ball milling efficiency of the dye, improve the insolubility Dispersion effect of disperse dyes.
  • the technique of the present invention uses a condensation end-capping technique to significantly reduce the phenolic hydroxyl group content of the lignin, and the prepared product has a phenolic hydroxyl group content of less than 0.5 mmol/g, which significantly reduces the reduction of the azo dye and the staining property to the fiber.
  • the existing raw materials of dye dispersants such as naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate are petrochemicals, which have certain toxicity and high cost.
  • the main raw material alkali lignin in the technology of the present invention is derived from the alkaline pulping by-product, belonging to green renewable resources, rich in raw materials, environmentally friendly and non-toxic, and also recycling waste, which is important for energy saving, environmental protection and environmental protection. significance.
  • the production process of the invention is below 100 ° C under normal pressure, and the synthesis process is simple and the production cost is low compared with the naphthalene dispersant.
  • the product prepared by the invention has a carboxyl group added in addition to the sulfonic acid group, and has a large molecular weight, and the high-temperature dispersing property of the dye is better than that of the naphthalene sulfonate.
  • the dispersant is better.
  • Figure 1 is an infrared spectrum of the product of Example 1 and wood pulp alkali lignin.
  • Figure 2 is a ⁇ -NMR spectrum of the product of Example 1 and wood pulp alkali lignin.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.
  • Example 1 100 g of wood pulp alkali lignin solid powder was added to water, and the pH was adjusted to 9 with a 30% by mass aqueous NaOH solution under stirring to dissolve a solution having a mass concentration of 20%; and the temperature was raised to 75 ° C.
  • Figure 1 is an infrared spectrum of the product of Example 1 and wood pulp alkali lignin. It can be seen that compared with the wood pulp alkali lignin, the hydroxyl absorption peak of the product of Example 1 near 3420 cm" 1 is significantly weakened, indicating that the phenolic hydroxyl group of the product after modification is blocked.
  • the absorption peak of the wood pulp alkali lignin at 3039 cm" 1 (the stretching vibration of the CH bond of methylene and methine groups) is weak, and the absorption peak of the product of Example 1 at 3039 crrr 1 is strong, indicating The methyl group and methylene group in the product increase, and the long-chain branched sodium hydroxypropylcarboxylate is successfully grafted on the benzene ring; compared with the wood pulp alkali lignin, the product of Example 1 has a strong resistance at 1 GAZcrrr 1 Absorption, which is a characteristic absorption peak of the carbonyl group, indicating that more hydrophilic group carboxyl groups are introduced into the product of Example 1; the product of Example 1 has strong absorption at 1 1 ⁇ 1 and 1 (MScrrr 1 is The characteristic peak of the sulfonic acid group, the absorption peak of the wood pulp alkali lignin is weak, which indicates that more hydrophilic group
  • Fig. 2 is the product of Example 1 and wood pulp.
  • 1 H-NMR spectrum of alkali lignin it can be seen that the wood pulp alkali lignin is a hydrocarbon proton peak at a chemical shift of 1.32 PP m, and the peak is weak in the product of Example 1, indicating modification Thereafter, the side chain is replaced by a graft, and a long-chain branched sodium hydroxypropylcarboxylate is added.
  • the wood pulp alkali lignin is at 1.80
  • the ppm is the methyl proton peak of m-methylphenol, which is weak in the product of Example 1, indicating that in the product of Example 1, this part of the phenolic hydroxyl group was blocked and the end-capping was successful.
  • the multiple peaks in the chemical shift region are proton peaks in the phenolic hydroxyl group, and the signal intensity of the product of Example 1 is significantly weaker than that of the wood pulp alkali lignin, indicating that the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked after modification.
  • the chemical shift region in the range of 3.51 to 3.62 ppm is - Proton peak of methylene group in -CH 2 S0 3 Na, and it can be seen from Fig.
  • Example 2 100 g of bamboo lignin and reed lignin mixed solid powder was added to water, and the solution was adjusted to a pH of 1 1 with a mass percentage of 30% aqueous NaOH solution to dissolve a solution having a mass concentration of 35%; Adding 30 g of sodium m-aminobenzenesulfonate to 90 ° C, adding 3 g of potassium persulfate, and reacting for 2 h to obtain a sulfonic acid-based lignin solution; mixing 15 g of sodium formate and sodium acetate in water to prepare a mass concentration of 20 % aqueous solution, adjusted to pH 7 with hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 10% by mass, 20 g of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise at 50 ° C, and reacted for 2 h to obtain a sodium hydroxypropyl carboxylate solution; The lignin solution is mixed with sodium hydroxypropylcarboxylate, the pH is adjusted to 10 with a
  • Example 3 100 g of bagasse alkali lignin solid powder was added to water, and the pH was adjusted to 10 by stirring with a 30% by mass aqueous NaOH solution to dissolve a solution having a mass concentration of 50%; the temperature was raised to 100 ° C.
  • Example 4 100 g of wood pulp alkali lignin and bamboo alkali lignin solid powder were added to water, and the pH was adjusted to 11 with a 30% by mass aqueous NaOH solution under stirring to dissolve a solution having a mass concentration of 40%; 20 g of sodium allyl sulfonate was added at 80 ° C, 2 g of potassium persulfate was added dropwise, and reacted for 1.5 h to obtain a sulfonic acid-based lignin solution; 10 g of sodium oxalate was dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous solution having a mass concentration of 25%.
  • Example 5 100 g of reed alkali lignin alkali lignin solid powder was added to water, and the pH was adjusted to 10 with a 30% by mass aqueous NaOH solution under stirring to dissolve a solution having a mass concentration of 10%; the temperature was raised to 100 ° C.
  • Table 1 is the test data of the molecular weight, sulfonation degree and functional group content of the products of the examples of the present invention.
  • Example 1 Product 11272 2.23 0.41 2.21
  • Example 2 Product 10250 2.15 0.34 2.83
  • Example 3 Product 12562 2.36 0.43 2.52
  • Example 4 Product 10872 2.67 0.33 2.43
  • Example 5 Product 11325 2.27 0.39 2.65 Table 1 shows:
  • Sodium lignosulphonate wood pulp
  • Jilin Shijie Paper industry using wood as raw material by acid pulping process.
  • Synthesis scheme of sulfonated alkali lignin Weigh 100g wood pulp alkali lignin, add 300g water, stir for 30 minutes, adjust the pH value of the solution to 3 with dilute sulfuric acid with 10% mass concentration, filter, precipitate Add 400g of NaOH solution with a concentration of 2.5%, add 15g hydrogen peroxide, 1g of ferrous sulfate, heat 60 for 60 minutes, then heat up to 85 V, then add 15g of 37% formaldehyde solution. 120 minutes, slowly add 10 grams of anhydrous sodium sulfite, constant temperature reaction for 180 minutes;
  • Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate is a commercially available dye dispersant product
  • the degree of sulfonation is determined by automatic potentiometric titration: the samples are purified by anion and cationic resin;
  • Phenol hydroxyl content The phenolic hydroxyl group in the sample is titrated in the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent to produce a color reaction, and the color of the reaction is measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the comparison is obtained;
  • the carboxyl content is determined by automatic potentiometric titration: The samples are purified by anion and cationic resin. As seen from Table 1, the weight average molecular weight of the product prepared by the present invention is more than 10,000 Da, which is significantly larger than the molecular weight of sodium lignin sulfonate and sulfonated alkali lignin. The degree of sulfonation is more than 2.0mmol/g, which is greater than 1.38mmol/g of sodium lignosulfonate and the carboxyl content is more than 2.0mmol/g, which is beneficial to improve the water solubility and dispersibility of the dispersant.
  • the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups is less than 0.5mmol/g, which is much lower than that of sodium lignosulfonate and sulfonated lignin dispersing agent, which is beneficial to reduce the reduction of dye by dispersant and reduce the staining of fiber.
  • Table 2 is test data for the performance of the disperse dyes of the products of the examples of the present invention.
  • Example 1 Product 1.87 16.27 9.63 4.5 83.32
  • Example 2 Product 1.65 18.32 13.54 10.35 4.5 81.34
  • Example 3 Product 1.76 15.35 16.12 8.56 4.5 85.67
  • Example 4 Product 1.80 19.62 14.52 9.64 4.5 86.54
  • Example 5 Product 1.92 16.35 15.68 11.35 4.5 83.86 2 Description:
  • the disperse dye system used is C.I. Disperse Blue 79;
  • the test of the filtration time is referred to GBT 5541 -2007, the double-layer filter paper filtration method for the determination of the dispersion stability of disperse dyes;
  • the reduction rate test is to prepare a dye suspension and a pure dye, respectively, with acetone to prepare a solution having a mass concentration of 60 mg/L based on the dye, and measure the color intensity of the two solutions with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and compare them;
  • the test of the percentage of dyeing is based on the enterprise standard: Refer to GBT 2374-2007 for dyeing, and test the dye content in the dyeing solution before dyeing, and compare the percentage of dyeing. It can be seen from Table 2 that the average particle size of the particles of the dye dispersant system prepared by using the product of the present invention is only 1.37 M m at normal temperature, which is smaller than the particle size of other samples; the dye particle size of the dye-dispersant system after high temperature is smaller than 20 ⁇ , while other samples are above 70 ⁇ ; the filtration time of the double-layer filter paper after high temperature can be seen that the dye dispersant system prepared by the product of the invention has significantly less filtration time than other products, from particle size and suction filtration.
  • the time can explain the dispersibility of the product of the example and the dispersion stability after high temperature is better than the other three dispersants; the reduction rate of the dye prepared by the invention is only 9.63 ⁇ 11.35%, which is much lower than that of other dispersants.
  • Destruction; the product prepared by the invention has a fiber staining degree of 4.5, which is close to a formaldehyde condensate having a very low staining naphthalene sulfonate; the percentage of dyeing is a comprehensive property of the dispersing property of the dye dispersing agent and the destruction and reduction of the dye.
  • the dyeing percentage of the dispersing agent prepared by the invention all reaches 80% or more, indicating that the comprehensive effect applied to the dye is obviously superior to the commonly used naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate and sulfonated lignin dye dispersing agent and sodium lignosulfonate.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂及其制备方法,该方法是将碱木质素固体粉末加入水中,配制成重量百分比浓度为20~50%的溶液;在75~100℃加入含磺酸基的单体和引发剂反应1〜2h,得到磺酸基木质素;配制质量浓度为10〜40%的羧酸类化合物水溶液,在pH值4~7,30~80℃下滴加环氧氯丙烷反应1~3h,得到羟丙基羧酸化合物;混合两中间产物,在pH值为8~12,80~100℃进行共聚反应0.5~3h;加质量浓度为20~30%的羟基酮类物反应2〜6h,反应结束得到液态产物。该分散剂具较多磺酸基和羧基,较高分子量和较少酚羟基,可提高染料的分散性,降低对偶氮染料的还原及对纤维的沾污性。

Description

一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂及其制备方法
技术领域 本发明涉及染料分散剂, 特别是涉及一种羧基磺酸基碱木质素系染料分散剂及其制备方 法。具体地讲是以碱法制浆造纸副产品碱木质素为原料, 制备一种木质素系染料分散剂, 该染 料分散剂适用于分散染料等不溶性染料和活性染料等水溶性染料的分散。 背景技术 染料分散剂在分散染料等不溶性染料研磨加工过程中可降低染料颗粒粒径, 使染料稳 定的、 均匀地分散在水中; 染料分散剂还可阻止活性染料等水溶性染料在水中发生聚集, 形成较为均匀、 稳定的分散液, 因此染料分散剂在商品染料的加工和使用过程中起着关键 作用。 目前, 国内外常用的染料分散剂的种类有阴离子型和非离子型。 常用的阴离子分散剂 种类有: (1 ) 萘系磺酸盐縮合物分散剂, 目前, 国内应用较多的 NNO就属于此类产品, 其优点是对纤维的沾污小, 对偶氮染料的还原破坏率较低, 但是耐高温稳定性差, 单一使 用综合性能较差, 原料来源受限, 毒性较高的问题, 尤其是石化资源越来越少, 使萘磺酸 盐縮合物分散剂生产成本越来越高。 (2 ) 聚羧酸系列, 由不饱和聚羧酸单体和其他单体接 枝共聚而成, 如丙烯酸接枝共聚物分散剂, 但是成本较高, 大规模生产应用还有一点的困 难。 常用的非离子表面活性剂有聚乙二醇型及多元醇型等。 这类分散剂能兼作乳化剂等, 但是比较昂贵。 (3 ) 木质素磺酸盐染料分散剂, 主要来自酸法造纸制浆废液中的木质素磺 酸盐和碱法制浆废液中碱木质素的磺化衍生物, 由于其原料来于可再生资源, 近年来受到 了越来越多的关注。 木质素是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的第二大生物质资源, 同时木质素是造纸工业的 副产品, 目前超过 95%的木质素仍以 "黑液"形式直接排入江河或浓縮后烧掉, 很少得到 有效利用。 对木质素的开发和利用具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益, 其主要用途之一是用 做染料分散剂。 由于木质素系分散剂应用范围广泛、 来源丰富、 成本低廉和无毒等特点, 与同类石油化工产品相比, 具有很强的竞争力。 按照浆蒸煮工艺的不同, 工业木质素可分 为碱木质素 (Alkali lignin)和木质素磺酸盐 (Lignosulfonate)。 用硫酸盐法蒸煮得到的是碱 木质素, 又称为造纸黑液; 用亚硫酸法蒸煮得到的是木质素磺酸盐。 随着酸法制浆产生大 量的废酸、 废水, 处理废水的成本高而且污染严重对环境造成极大伤害, 因此酸法制浆逐 渐被遗弃, 而改为以碱法制浆为主, 现今, 我国制浆工业以碱法制浆为主, 由此也产生了 大量含碱木质素的制浆黑液副产物, 碱木质素占工业木质素的 90%以上, 但碱木质素仅溶 解于强碱性溶液, 较差的水溶性严重限制了碱木质素的应用, 经常被排掉或焚烧, 污染环 境且浪费资源。 以造纸黑液中回收的碱木质素为原料制备木质素染料分散剂, 具有重要的 应用价值和环境意义。 磺化碱木质素染料分散剂对染料具有良好的分散性能但存在着高温分散稳定性能差、 对偶氮染料的还原性较大、 对纤维的沾污性较为严重等问题。 目前一般采用磺化反应制备成磺化木质素分散剂, 磺化方法主要是常压磺甲基化法、 高温高压磺化法、 氧化磺化法。 研究表明, 磺化度越高, 分散剂对染料分子的吸附能力越 强, 染料颗粒所带电荷增加, 染料之间的静电斥力增加, 使分散液更加稳定, 但由于碱木 质素为网状大分子结构, 屏蔽效应比较明显, 目前现有的技术制备的磺化木质素分散剂的 磺化度较低, 亲水性基团较少。 此外, 目前的磺化反应大多采用亚硫酸钠作为磺化剂, 所 制备得磺化碱木质素染料分散剂因其副反应产生大量的硫酸钠, 且存在产物杂质较多、 纯 度较低的问题, 降低分散剂对染料的分散稳定性能, 同时还增加对纤维的沾污性。 木质素分散剂在对染料研磨加工和染液高温上染时, 由于木质素结构中酚羟基和邻苯 二酚基团被氧化而使其成为醌型结构, 使自身颜色变深的同时, 它们还会和偶氮染料相互 作用, 对染料进行还原, 破坏偶氮结构, 导致染料失色。 对于解决木质素分散剂对染料的 还原问题, 主要是减少其酚羟基的含量, 如采用环氧氯丙烷改性法可在一定程度上有效改 善木质素分散剂的沾污性能和对偶氮染料的还原性。如美国专利 US 4001 202利用环氧氯 丙烷对木质素磺酸盐的酚羟基进行封端反应, 减少羟基含量, 降低其沾污和还原性, 但是 其分散性能与萘系分散剂相比仍有一定的差距; 美国专利 US 5989299采用三乙醇胺,二 乙胺通过离子交换反应改性木质素磺酸钠作为偶氮染料体系的分散剂使用, 利用胺离子抑 制偶氮染料体系中偶氮染料的还原, 从而降低偶氮染料的失色,; 美国专利 US 4444562 公布了通过加入鳌合剂 (EDTA)解决了木质素磺酸盐对偶氮染料还原问题。 木质素的低分子量组分也是引起对纤维沾污性的重要因素之一。 除去分散剂中较低分 子量的组分可减小对织物的沾污性、 提高其分散性并改善热稳定性。 中国专利 CN 871 02691 A用非本木植物碱木质素磺化之后经 80~1 00目筛过滤, 去除小分子和杂质之 后, 制备木质素染料分散剂。 美国专利 US1 1 7761 7制备的木质素系分散剂是采用超滤法 除去磺化或磺甲基化木质素中分子量低于 3000的成分后制得的, 其分散性能得到了显著 提高。 《林产化学与工业》 2003年第 4期公布了改性木材硫酸盐木质素制备染料分散剂的 制备方法, 以亚硫酸盐或碱法制浆过程得中回收得到的木质素为原料, 采用酸析沉淀法提 纯木质素, 然后在高温高压下经亚硫酸盐磺化或亚硫酸盐 -甲醛磺甲基化后, 再用环氧氯丙 烷将部分酚羟基封闭, 同时使木质素分子间交联, 得到改性木质素染料分散剂。 木质素分散剂的分子量越大, 在染料分散颗粒上的吸附力越强, 在较高温度下, 也不 易从颗粒表面上解吸下来, 从而保持了染料分散体系的热稳定性和分散性。 中国专利 CN 1 021 74273A公布木质素磺酸钠、 甲醛和含有羟基的化合物 (苯酚、 萘酚、 苄醇等)进行 縮合反应, 得到木质素磺酸盐类染料分散剂; 美国专利 US2 6801 1 3、 US 4534771采用 用碱木质素磺化, 或者磺化之后加入甲醛进行羟醛縮合反应, 提高木质素分子量。 采用物 理分离法去除小分子木质素制备木质素染料分散剂的专利中, 操作成本高, 而且小分子木 质素得不到利用造成资源的浪费, 同时现有的技术只是针对解决木质素染料分散剂分散性、 还原性能等单一性能, 所制备的磺化木质素分散的磺化度和分子量较低, 仍含有较多的酚 羟基, 在高温分散稳定性能、 对染料的还原性能和对纤维的沾污等性能方面仍有待于进一 步提! ¾。 发明内容 本发明的目的是针对现有磺化木质素染料分散剂高温分散性差、 对纤维的沾污性以及 对偶氮染料的还原性问题而开发的一种性能优良的羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂, 该分散 剂对染料具有优良的分散性能, 对纤维的沾污性低, 对偶氮染料的还原性较低的特点, 并 且拓宽造纸黑液的资源化利用途径。 本发明的目的还在于提供利用造纸制浆的副产品制备木质素染料分散剂的方法。 本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现: 一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将碱木质素固体粉末加入水中, 配制成重量百分比浓度为 20~50%的水溶液, 用 碱性调节剂调节 pH值至 9~1 1, 升温到 75~1 00°C, 加入含磺酸基的单体, 滴加引发剂, 反应 l ~2h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液;
( 2 )将羧酸类化合物溶解在水中, 配制成质量浓度为 1 0~40%的溶液, 用酸性调节剂 调节 pH为 4~7, 在温度为 30~80°C下, 加入环氧氯丙烷, 反应 l ~3 h, 得到羟丙基羧酸 化合物;
( 3 ) 将步骤 (1 ) 反应得到的磺酸基木质素溶液, 与步骤 (2 ) 反应得到的羟丙基羧 酸化合物混合, 用碱性调节剂调节 pH至 8~1 2, 加热至 80~1 00°C, 反应 0.5~3h, 滴加 质量浓度为 20~30%的羟基酮类物进行縮合封端反应 2~6h, 反应结束后得到液体羧基磺 酸基木质素染料分散剂; 上述原料以重量份数计用量如下: 碱木质素 1 00 份 含磺酸基的单体 1 0~30份 引发剂 环氧氯丙烷 5-20份 羧酸类化合物 5-20份 羟基酮类物 5-20份 所述碱木质素是木浆碱木质素、 竹子碱木质素、 芦苇碱木质素、 蔗渣碱木质素中的一 种或两种以上的混合物; 所述含磺酸基的单体是氨基苯磺酸钠、 间氨基苯磺酸钠、 甲基丙烯磺酸钠、 烯丙基磺 酸钠、 氯乙基磺酸钠中的一种; 所述的引发剂是过硫酸铵、 过硫酸钠、 过硫酸钾中的一种; 所述羧酸类化合物是甲酸钠、 乙酸钠、 丙烯酸钠、 草酸钠、 柠檬酸钠中的一种或两种; 所述羟基酮类物是二羟基丙酮、( -羟基酮、 3-羟基 -2-丁酮、羟基苯乙酮、 2-羟基 -2- 甲基 -5-己酮的一种或两种以上的混合物。 为进一步实现本发明目的, 所述步骤(2 )反应温度优选为 30~50°C。 步骤(3 ) 中縮 聚封端反应时间优选为 2~4h。 所述的酸性调节剂优选为硫酸或盐酸。 所述硫酸或盐酸的 质量浓度优选为 1 0%。 所述的碱性调节剂优选为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的水溶液。 所述氢氧 化钠或氢氧化钾的水溶液质量浓度优选为 30%。 一种羧基磺酸基木质素基染料分散剂, 由上述方法任一种制备, 其磺酸基的含量大于 2.00mmol/g, 羧基含量大于 2.0 mmol /g, 酚羟基含量小于 0.5 mmol/g, 分子量大于 1 0000Da。 本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和效果: 本发明制备的含羧基磺酸基木质素基染料分散剂具有如下的特点:
1 ) 本发明技术制备的木质素基染料分散剂在碱木质素的疏水骨架苯丙烷结构单元上 接入羧基和磺酸基亲水性官能团, 可使分散剂苯环与染料分子产生 IT 相互作用, 亲水基 溶于水中, 在染料颗粒上吸附, 从而产生更大的有效静电排斥和空间位阻作用, 因此具有 优良助磨分散性能。
2 )本发明利用羟丙基羧酸钠与磺酸基碱木质素进行接枝共聚, 不仅增加羧基的含量, 对木质素结构中的酚羟基有一定的封闭作用; 采用羟基酮类物对碱木质素进行縮聚封端反 应, 不仅提高分散剂的分子量, 又封闭木质素结构中的酚类结构, 降低木质素对偶氮染料 的还原作用和纤维的沾污性, 提高分散剂的综合性能。 3 )本发明制备的羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂的重均分子量大于 1 0000Da, 磺化度 大于 2.0mmol/g, 羧基含量大于 2.0mmol/g, 其磺化度和分子量都显高于传统工艺的磺 化碱木质素产物和来自酸法制浆废液中的木质素磺酸钠, 同时引入一定含量的羧基, 具有 较高负电荷密度, 可显著提高染料的球磨效率、 改善对不溶性分散染料的分散效果。
4)本发明技术采用縮合封端技术, 显著降低木质素的酚羟基含量, 制备的产物的酚羟 基含量低于小于 0.5 mmol/g, 显著降低对偶氮染料的还原及对纤维的沾污性。
5 ) 现有的染料分散剂如萘磺酸盐甲醛縮合物主要原料是石油化学品, 有一定的毒性, 成本较高。 本发明技术中的主要原料碱木质素来自于碱法制浆副产品, 属于绿色可再生资 源, 原料来源丰富、 环保无毒, 也是对废弃物的再利用, 对节能减排、 保护环境具有重大 的意义。 此外本发明生产工艺在常压下 1 00°C以下, 与萘系分散剂相比, 合成工艺简单、 生产成本低。
6)本发明制备的产物与萘系磺酸盐分散剂相比, 在结构上除了含有磺酸基外, 还增加 了羧基, 同时分子量较大, 对染料的高温分散性能比萘系磺酸盐分散剂更优。 附图说明
图 1 为实施例 1产品和木浆碱木质素的红外光谱图。 图 2为实施例 1产品和木浆碱木质素 的 ^-NMR谱图。 具体实施方式 下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的说明, 但本发明要求保护的范围并不 局限于实施例表述的范围。 实施例 1 将 1 00g木浆碱木质素固体粉末加入水中, 搅拌下用质量百分比浓度为 30%的 NaOH 水溶液调节 pH值至 9, 溶成质量浓度为 20%的溶液; 升温至 75 °C下加入 1 0g氨基苯磺 酸钠, 滴加 l g过硫酸铵, 反应 l h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液; 将 5g甲酸钠溶解在水中, 配制质量浓度为 1 0%的水溶液, 用质量浓度为 1 0%的硫酸调节 pH值为 4, 在 30°C下,滴 加 5g环氧氯丙烷, 反应 l h, 得到羟丙基羧酸钠溶液; 再将磺酸基木质素溶液和羟丙基羧 酸钠混合, 用 30%的 NaOH水溶液调节 pH值为 8, 温度为 80°C下反应 0.5h; 然后保温, 滴加 5g质量浓度为 30%二羟基丙酮进行縮合封端反应 2h, 反应结束后得到液体木质素基 染料分散剂。 图 1 为实施例 1产品和木浆碱木质素的红外光谱图。可以看出,与木浆碱木质素相比, 实施例 1产品在 3420 cm"1附近的羟基吸收峰明显减弱,说明改性之后产品的酚羟基被封 端含量减少; 木浆碱木质素在 3039 cm"1 (亚甲基、 次甲基的 C-H键的伸縮振动处)吸 收峰较弱, 实施例 1产品在 3039 crrr1处吸收峰较强, 说明产品中的甲基, 亚甲基增多, 长支链的羟丙基羧酸钠在苯环接枝成功;与木浆碱木质素相比,实施例 1 产品在 1 GAZcrrr1 处有较强的吸收, 这是羰基的特征吸收峰, 说明实施例 1产品中引入较多的亲水性基团羧 基; 实施例 1产品在 1 1 δδίΐΓΤΓ1和 1 (MScrrr1处有较强的吸收, 这是磺酸基的特征峰,木 浆碱木质素的吸收峰较弱, 这说明实施例 1产品分子中引入了较多的亲水性基团磺酸基。 图 2是实施例 1产品和木浆碱木质素 的1 H-NMR谱图, 可以看出, 木浆碱木质素在 1 .32 PPm化学位移处为碳氢化合物质子峰, 实施例 1产品中该处峰较弱, 说明改性之后, 侧链被接枝取代, 接入了长支链的羟丙基羧酸钠。 木浆碱木质素在 1 .80ppm处为间甲基 苯酚的甲基质子峰, 实施例 1产品中该处峰较弱, 说明实施例 1产品中, 这部分酚羟基被 封闭掉, 封端成功。 在 3.1 0~3.32P Pm化学位移区域多重峰为酚羟基中的质子峰, 实施 例 1产品信号强度与木浆碱木质素相比明显减弱, 说明改性之后酚羟基被封闭掉明显。 在 3.51 ~3.62 ppm化学位移区域为 -CH2S03Na中亚甲基的质子峰, 而由图 2可以看出, 实 施例 1产品信号强度与木浆碱木质素相比明显增强, 说明改性之后侧链处磺化, 介入亲水 基磺酸基团。 7.20~7.40PPm化学位移区域为苯环上的质子峰, 木浆碱木质素相比明显信 号风, 实施例 1产品信号微弱, 说明苯环上的 H被取代, 苯环上发生了取代接枝反应及磺 化反应。
实施例 2 将 1 00g竹子碱木质素和芦苇碱木质素混合固体粉末加入水中, 搅拌下用质量百分比 浓度为 30%的 NaOH水溶液调节 pH值至 1 1, 溶成质量浓度为 35%的溶液; 升温至 90 °C下加入 30g间氨基苯磺酸钠, 滴加 3g过硫酸钾, 反应 2h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液; 将 1 5g甲酸钠和乙酸钠混合溶解在水中, 配制质量浓度为 20%的水溶液, 用质量浓度为 1 0% 的盐酸调节 pH值为 7, 在 50°C下, 滴加 20g环氧氯丙烷, 反应 2h, 得到羟丙基羧酸钠 溶液; 再将磺酸基木质素溶液和羟丙基羧酸钠混合, 用 30%的 KOH水溶液调节 pH值为 1 0, 温度为 1 00 °C下反应 2h ; 然后保温, 滴加 1 5g质量浓度为 25%的 α -羟基酮和 3- 羟基 -2-丁酮混合液进行縮合封端反应 4h, 反应结束后得到液体木质素基染料分散剂。 实施例 3 将 1 00g蔗渣碱木质素固体粉末加入水中, 搅拌下用质量百分比浓度为 30%的 NaOH 水溶液调节 pH值至 1 0, 溶成质量浓度为 50%的溶液; 升温至 1 00°C下加入 20g甲基丙 烯磺酸钠, 滴加 5g过硫酸钠, 反应 1 .5h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液; 将 20g丙烯酸钠溶解 在水中, 配制质量浓度为 40%的水溶液, 用质量浓度为 1 0%的硫酸调节 pH值为 6, 在 40 °C下, 滴加 1 5g环氧氯丙烷, 反应 3 h, 得到羟丙基羧酸钠溶液; 再将磺酸基木质素溶液 和羟丙基羧酸钠混合, 用 30%的 NaOH和 KOH水溶液调节 pH值为 1 2, 温度为 90°C下 反应 2h; 然后保温, 滴加 20g质量浓度为 30%的羟基苯乙酮进行縮合封端反应 3h, 反应 结束后得到液体木质素基染料分散剂。
实施例 4 将 100g木浆碱木质素和竹子碱木质素固体粉末加入水中, 搅拌下用质量百分比浓度 为 30%的 NaOH水溶液调节 pH值至 11, 溶成质量浓度为 40%的溶液; 升温至 80°C下加 入 20g烯丙基磺酸钠, 滴加 2g过硫酸钾, 反应 1.5h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液; 将 10g 草酸钠溶解在水中, 配制质量浓度为 25%的水溶液, 用质量浓度为 10%的硫酸调节 pH值 为 5, 在 50°C下, 滴加 10g环氧氯丙烷, 反应 3h, 得到羟丙基羧酸钠溶液; 再将磺酸基 木质素溶液和羟丙基羧酸钠混合, 用 30%的 NaOH水溶液调节 pH值为 11, 温度为 80°C 下反应 3h; 然后保温, 滴加 10g质量浓度为 25%的 2-羟基 -2-甲基 -5-己酮进行縮合封 端反应 2h, 反应结束后得到液体木质素基染料分散剂。 实施例 5 将 100g芦苇碱木质素碱木质素固体粉末加入水中, 搅拌下用质量百分比浓度为 30% 的 NaOH水溶液调节 pH值至 10,溶成质量浓度为 10%的溶液;升温至 100°C下加入 15g 氯乙基磺酸钠, 滴加 2g过硫酸钠, 反应 1.5h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液; 将 5g柠檬酸钠 溶解在水中, 配制质量浓度为 40%的水溶液, 用质量浓度为 10%的盐酸调节 pH值为 4, 在 50°C下, 滴加 20g环氧氯丙烷, 反应 lh, 得到羟丙基羧酸钠溶液; 再将磺酸基木质素 溶液和羟丙基羧酸钠混合,用 30%的 KOH水溶液调节 pH值为 9,温度为 90°C下反应 1 h; 然后保温, 滴加 15g质量浓度为 20%的二羟基丙酮进行縮合封端反应 4h, 反应结束后得 到液体木质素基染料分散剂。 实施例效果说明: 表 1 为本发明实施例产品的分子量、 磺化度和官能团含量测试数据。
表 1
结构特征
分散剂种类 磺化度 酚羟基含量 羧基含量
重均分子量, Da
mmol/g mmol/g mmol/g 木质素磺酸钠 (木浆) 8500 1.38 2.37 1.17
磺化碱木质素 5167 2.00 2.22 0.65 萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物 8100 1.33
实施例 1产品 11272 2.23 0.41 2.21 实施例 2产品 10250 2.15 0.34 2.83 实施例 3产品 12562 2.36 0.43 2.52 实施例 4产品 10872 2.67 0.33 2.43 实施例 5产品 11325 2.27 0.39 2.65 表 1说明:
1. 木质素磺酸钠(木浆)是由吉林石岘纸业以木材为原料通过酸法制浆工艺生产的产
Π
2. 磺化碱木质素的合成方案: 称取 100g 木浆碱木质素, 加入 300克水 , 搅拌 30 分钟后用质量浓度为 10%的稀硫酸调整溶液的 pH 值至 3 , 过滤, 沉淀物加入质量浓度 为 2.5%的 NaOH溶液 400g, 加入 15克过氧化氢、 1 克硫酸亚铁, 加热 60 反应 60 分钟后, 升温至 85 V , 然后加入 15克质量浓度为 37%的甲醛溶液, 反应 120分钟 , 缓慢加入 10克无水亚硫酸钠, 恒温反应 180分钟 ;
3. 萘磺酸盐甲醛縮合物为市售染料分散剂产品;
4. 重均分子量的测定采用凝胶渗透色谱法测定, 具体的测试条件如下: 取 3g 质量浓 度为 10%的木质素磺酸钠样品, 经阴离子、 阳离子树脂纯化后, 配制成质量浓度为 3%。的 木质素磺酸钠溶液, 流动相为 0.1 mol/LNaN03, 流速 0.5 mL/min, 以聚苯乙烯磺酸钠 为标准物质;
5. 磺化度是采用自动电位滴定法测定: 样品均经阴离子、 阳离子树脂纯化;
6. 酚羟基含量 Folin-Ciocalteu试剂中滴定样品中的酚羟基, 产生显色反应, 通过 紫外分 光光度计测反应的色度, 对比得到;
7. 羧基含量是采用自动电位滴定法测定: 样品均经阴离子、 阳离子树脂纯化。 从表 1 可见, 本发明制备产品的重均分子量达到 10000Da以上, 明显大于木质素磺 酸钠和磺化碱木质素的分子量。 磺化度均大于 2.0mmol/g, 大于木质素磺酸钠的 1.38mmol/g, 羧基含量大于 2.0mmol/g, 有利于提高分散剂的水溶性和分散能力。 而 酚羟基的含量均小于 0.5mmol/g, 远低于木质素磺酸钠和磺化木质素分散剂, 这有利于 降低分散剂对染料的还原以及降低对纤维的沾污性。 表 2为本发明实施例产品的应用于分散染料性能的测试数据。
表 2
球磨后 25°C 145°C之后 145°C抽 对染料 上染百 分散剂种类 染料粒径 染料粒径 滤时间 还原率 沾污性
分率 评级卡
μιτι μιτι s % ( )
62.35
木质素磺酸钠(木浆) 2.17 76.06 25.05 3.5 64.00
56.78
磺化木质素 1.95 72.35 22.35 4.5 67.70
82.64
萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物 2.16 87.37 4.5 74.73 15.32
实施例 1产品 1.87 16.27 9.63 4.5 83.32 实施例 2产品 1.65 18.32 13.54 10.35 4.5 81.34 实施例 3产品 1.76 15.35 16.12 8.56 4.5 85.67 实施例 4产品 1.80 19.62 14.52 9.64 4.5 86.54 实施例 5产品 1.92 16.35 15.68 11.35 4.5 83.86 表 2说明:
(1)所应用的分散染料体系为 C.I.分散蓝 79;
(2)染料悬浮体系的制备方法: 按照质量比分散剂: 染料 =1.5:1 分别加入合成的分散 剂和染料, 然后加入 5%的乙二醇溶剂, 在后加入配制成质量浓度为 30的体系, 用球磨机 球磨 4h, 得到染料悬浮体系;
(3)粒径是采用激光粒度粒形分析仪测试;
(4)抽滤时间的测试参照 《GBT 5541 -2007, 分散染料高温分散稳定性的测定双层滤 纸过滤法》;
(5)沾污性的测试参照 《GBT2398-2003》;
(6)还原率测试是将染料悬浮液以及纯染料,分别用丙酮配制以染料为基准的质量浓度 为 60mg/L的溶液, 用紫外分光光度计测试两溶液的色光色强度, 相比较得到;
(7)上染百分率的测试参照企业标准: 参照 《GBT 2374-2007》 进行上染, 分别测试 上染后前染液中染料的含量, 相比较得到上染百分率。 从表 2可见, 采用本发明产品制备的染料分散剂体系的颗粒在常温下的平均粒径仅为 1.37Mm, 小于其他样品的粒径; 高温之后的染料-分散剂体系的染料粒径小于 20μΓΠ,而 其他样品都在 70μΓΠ以上; 高温之后双层滤纸法的抽滤时间可以看出, 采用本发明产品制 备的染料分散剂体系的抽滤时间明显少于其他产品, 从粒径和抽滤时间可以说明实施例产 品的分散性以及高温后分散稳定性比其他三种分散剂要更好; 本发明制备产品对染料的还原率仅为 9.63~11.35%, 远低于其他分散剂对染料的破 坏; 本发明制备产品对纤维的沾污性为 4.5级, 接近具有极低沾污性萘磺酸盐甲醛縮合物; 上染百分率是染料分散剂分散性能及其对染料的破坏还原等综合性能的体现。 本发明 制备的分散剂上染百分率均达到 80%以上, 说明应用于染料的综合效果明显优于目前常用 的萘磺酸盐甲醛縮合物和磺化木质素染料分散剂以及木质素磺酸钠。

Claims

1、 一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂的制备方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将碱木质素固体粉末加入水中, 配制成重量百分比浓度为 20〜50%的水溶液, 用 碱性调节剂调节 pH值至 9〜11, 升温到 75〜100°C, 加入含磺酸基的单体, 滴加引发剂, 反 应 l〜2h, 得到磺酸基木质素溶液;
(2) 将羧酸类化合物溶解在水中, 配制成质量浓度为 10〜40%的溶液, 用酸性调节剂 调节 pH为 4〜7, 在温度为 30〜80°C下, 加入环氧氯丙烷, 反应 l〜3h, 得到羟丙基羧酸化合 物;
(3 )将步骤 (1 ) 反应得到的磺酸基木质素溶液, 与步骤 (2) 反应得到的羟丙基羧酸 化合物混合, 用碱性调节剂调节 pH至 8〜12, 加热至 80〜100°C, 反应 0.5〜3h, 滴加质量浓 度为 20〜30%的羟基酮类物进行縮合封端反应 2〜6h, 反应结束后得到液体羧基磺酸基木质 素染料分散剂; 上述原料以重量份数计用量如下: 碱木质素 100 份 含磺酸基的单体 10-30份 引发剂 1〜5份 环氧氯丙烷 5-20份 羧酸类化合物 5-20份 羟基酮类物 5-20份 所述碱木质素是木浆碱木质素、 竹子碱木质素、 芦苇碱木质素、 蔗渣碱木质素中的 种或两种以上的混合物; 所述含磺酸基的单体是氨基苯磺酸钠、 间氨基苯磺酸钠、 甲基丙烯磺酸钠、 烯丙基磺 酸钠、 氯乙基磺酸钠中的一种; 所述的引发剂是过硫酸铵、 过硫酸钠和过硫酸钾中的一种; 所述羧酸类化合物是甲酸钠、 乙酸钠、 丙烯酸钠、 草酸钠、 柠檬酸钠中的一种或两种; 所述羟基酮类物是二羟基丙酮、 (X-羟基酮、 3-羟基 -2-丁酮、 羟基苯乙酮和 2-羟基 -2-甲 基 -5-己酮的一种或多种。 2、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 (2 ) 反应温度为 30〜50
°C。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 (3 ) 中縮聚封端反应时 间为 2〜4h。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸性调节剂为硫酸或盐酸。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述硫酸或盐酸的质量浓度为 10%。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述的碱性调节剂为氢氧化钠或氢 氧化钾的水溶液。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的水溶液 质量浓度为 30%。
8、 一种羧基磺酸基木质素基染料分散剂, 其特征在于: 其由权利要求 1-7所述方法任 一种制备, 其磺酸基的含量大于 2.00mmol/g, 羧基含量大于 2.0 mmol/g, 酚羟基含量小于 0.5 mmol/g, 分子量大于 10000Da。
PCT/CN2013/090093 2013-01-22 2013-12-20 一种羧基磺酸基木质素染料分散剂及其制备方法 WO2014114155A1 (zh)

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CN112409608A (zh) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-26 北京化工大学 一种羧基化木质素衍生物及其制备方法
CN114450446A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2022-05-06 日本制纸株式会社 染料分散剂
CN113652099B (zh) * 2021-07-20 2023-12-26 齐鲁工业大学 一种碱木质素基染料分散剂的制备方法
CN113652099A (zh) * 2021-07-20 2021-11-16 齐鲁工业大学 一种碱木质素基染料分散剂的制备方法
CN114031717A (zh) * 2021-10-19 2022-02-11 东莞市长洲化工科技有限公司 高磺酸基含量的聚羧酸盐及其制法和在制备分散剂中的应用
CN114044916A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-02-15 牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司 一种制备染料分散剂的方法
CN114644762A (zh) * 2022-04-15 2022-06-21 大连工业大学 一种多重改性木质素磺酸盐染料分散剂及其制备方法
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CN115746330B (zh) * 2022-11-08 2024-02-20 安徽成弘建新材料有限公司 改性碱木素及制备方法和兰炭助磨剂及使用方法
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