WO2014044942A1 - Electrolyte et procédé d'électrodéposition de cuivre sur une couche barrière - Google Patents
Electrolyte et procédé d'électrodéposition de cuivre sur une couche barrière Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014044942A1 WO2014044942A1 PCT/FR2013/051987 FR2013051987W WO2014044942A1 WO 2014044942 A1 WO2014044942 A1 WO 2014044942A1 FR 2013051987 W FR2013051987 W FR 2013051987W WO 2014044942 A1 WO2014044942 A1 WO 2014044942A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- barrier layer
- polarization
- khz
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
- C25D7/123—Semiconductors first coated with a seed layer or a conductive layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the electroplating of copper on a semiconductor substrate. More specifically, it relates to a method of electroplating copper on the surface of a semiconductor substrate having an etching, the surface being covered with a copper diffusion barrier layer.
- Integrated circuits are generally manufactured by forming active semiconductor devices, in particular transistors, on the surface of silicon wafers (called “wafers” in English), said semiconductor devices being interconnected by a system of metal interconnects. submicron obtained by filling "trenches” hollowed out in the dielectric layers. The width of these lines is generally of the order of one to several hundreds of nanometers.
- the submicron interconnect elements are generally formed using the Damascene method (see, for example, S. Wolf, “Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era”, Vol. 4, (2002), p.671-687) in a succession of steps comprising: etching the lines on the silicon surface; depositing an insulating dielectric layer (generally consisting of oxide or silicon nitride); depositing a barrier layer for preventing migration of the copper; depositing a thin layer of metallic copper, called the seed layer; the filling of the trenches by copper electrodeposition in an acidic medium; and - removing the excess copper by polishing.
- an insulating dielectric layer generally consisting of oxide or silicon nitride
- a barrier layer for preventing migration of the copper
- the filling of the trenches by copper electrodeposition in an acidic medium and - removing the excess copper by polishing.
- the barrier layer is generally too high in resistance to electrochemically homogeneous or uniform copper deposition on the trench scale, mainly because of the ohmic drop phenomenon.
- the high strength of the barrier layer results from the high resistivity of the material and its low thickness. It is therefore generally necessary, prior to the step of electroplating the copper, to cover the barrier layer with a thin layer of metallic copper, called the seed layer, in order to improve the conductivity of the substrate to be coated during the electroplating filling step.
- copper electroplating techniques traditionally used for trench filling with copper, after the step of forming a copper seed layer, can not be implemented on resistive substrates such as barrier layers.
- the trenches When the trenches reach a size too small, it becomes difficult or impossible to deposit a copper sprouting layer prior to filling, due to insufficient space in the device. For example, if the trench has a width of 20 nm, the thickness of the seed layer can not exceed 5 nm. However, copper vapor deposition processes do not allow the deposition of layers as thin and regular thickness (deposit compliant).
- the invention finds particular application in the field of integrated circuits for the manufacture of interconnection elements whose size does not exceed one micron.
- the invention finds particular application for the electroplating of copper in trenches and other small elements such as small vias whose surface width (also called aperture diameter) of the semiconductor is less than 200 nm.
- the TSVs In the prior art there are electrolytes for the metallization of "vias traverses" (called “through silicon vias” or TSV in English) necessary for the integration of electronic chips in three dimensions. These structures are much larger than the submicron structures targeted by the present invention: the TSVs generally have an opening diameter of the order of 10 to 250 microns. The electrolytes used to fill the TSVs have specific chemistries and are not suitable for filling much smaller structures such as interconnection lines.
- WO 2007/034116 discloses electrodeposition compositions which make it possible to produce adherent, uniform and uniform deposits of copper germination layers on resistive barriers.
- the formulations described in this document are designed for the production of ultra-thin deposits, usually of a thickness of less than 20 nm, on substrates having resistivities of the order of a few tens of ohms / square. It has been found that such formulations can not be used during the subsequent step of filling the trenches with copper: voids ("voids”) or vacuum lines (“seams”) appear in fact in the copper deposit with this type of electrolyte.
- voids voids
- suams vacuum lines
- WO 2007/096390 discloses electrodeposition compositions which make it possible to fill lines and vias with copper in a single step on the copper barrier.
- the formulations described in this prior art are specifically designed to address the problem of filling lines and low volume vias.
- the compositions illustrated by the examples mentioned in WO 2007/096390 do not allow the filling of trenches in a time compatible with industrial production.
- the present invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new electrolyte meeting both the filling constraints generated by the fineness of certain trenches, and the profitability requirements of the industry. on the filling times.
- the traditional electroplating of copper comprises the application of a current to a wafer previously covered with a seed layer and immersed in an acid bath of copper sulphate containing additives, mainly accelerator, suppressor type, leveler or brightener.
- additives mainly accelerator, suppressor type, leveler or brightener.
- the prior art suggests that, in order to perform the filling of the patterns, it is preferable to employ an accelerator and a suppressor in combination, and in some cases a three-component system consisting of an accelerator, a suppressor and a leveler.
- a continuous copper layer will generally have a greater thickness at the top of the trench on the surface of the substrate. It is desirable to limit the thickness of the layer at the plane portion because the electroplating step is followed by a polishing step necessary to remove the excess copper present on the planar portion.
- the thickness decrease of the copper present on the flat part of the semiconductor substrates and the absence of defects in the copper deposit in trenches are very important elements in the manufacture of integrated circuits.
- Suppressors and accelerators are therefore incorporated in electrolytic baths, to respectively slow down and / or accelerate the deposition of copper at the desired locations of the trench.
- a suppressor can adsorb to the surface to be coated (a barrier layer or a copper seed layer for example), and begin to slow the growth of copper.
- the adsorption of the suppressor on the surface causes a partial masking of the surface, which has the effect of slowing the growth of the copper locally.
- Typical suppressors are, for example, polymers of high molecular weight, generally of the order of 2000 g / mol to 8000 g / mol, such as polypropylenes glycols, polyethylenes glycols and polyethers. They are usually added to electroplating solutions to be specifically adsorbed on a copper seed layer, previously deposited on the surface of the wafer, to slow the growth kinetics of copper at the entrance of the structures of lines of interconnection (opening of trenches).
- Suppressors that slow the growth of copper on the surface of trenches may be associated with smaller molecules, accelerators, which will have the property of catalysing the growth of copper at the bottom of the etched patterns.
- the accelerator is chosen to adsorb on a copper seed layer or on a layer of barrier material.
- a copper-specific accelerator acts on the modification of copper reduction mechanisms, which results in an increase in kinetics.
- the accelerator generally comprises small molecules with a high diffusion rate that reach the bottom of the structures faster than the suppressors, which are large molecules.
- the most commonly used accelerator is bis (3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (also called SPS).
- Biprydine is already known as a complexing agent for copper to stabilize copper ions in plating baths (WO 2007/034116). It is also known as a brightener for the metallization of steel with copper when it is used at a very high concentration, of the order of 100 mM. (US 3,617,451). However, its suppressor properties have never been described.
- imidazole and bipyridine are active as soon as the substrate is polarized and begin to slow copper growth from the beginning of the process.
- imidazole combined with bipyridine makes it possible, quite unexpectedly, to increase the number of nucleation grains on the surface of the substrate to be coated, so that the substrate is covered very quickly over the entire surface with a very small thickness of copper and continuous at a time.
- the electrical continuity of the substrate is thus guaranteed in the very first instants of the electrodeposition reaction, which allows, according to the variant of the method chosen, i) to overcome a preliminary step of deposition of a seed coat. copper, or ii) to deposit a continuous and consistent thickening of very thin layer allowing space saving in trenches of very small dimensions.
- the combination of bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid according to the invention makes it possible to fill the trenches without any defects being observed.
- the trenches thus filled do not have voids or void lines: the filling is optimal from the bottom to the top of the trenches (so-called bottom-up effect).
- bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid according to the invention also makes it possible to stabilize the electrolyte over time, in particular during the storage of the electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for electroplating copper on a copper diffusion barrier layer, the electrolyte comprising a source of copper ions, a solvent, and the combination of bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid.
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for electroplating copper on a copper diffusion barrier layer, the electrolyte comprising a source of copper ions, a solvent, and the combination of a suppressor. and an accelerator, characterized in that the suppressor comprises the combination of bipyridine and imidazole, and the accelerator is thiodiglycolic acid.
- the pH of the electrolyte is preferably greater than 6.7. This is all the more surprising since the electrolytes of the prior art used for filling cavities generally have a much lower pH to guarantee a sufficient conductivity of the solution thanks to the presence of H + ions, and consequently to obtain sufficient kinetics.
- the pH of the electrolyte of the invention is preferably greater than 6.7, more preferably greater than 6.8, more preferably between 7.5 and 8.5, and even more preferably of the order of 8. .
- the electrolyte of the invention makes it possible to fill, without defect of material, very fine trenches having high form factors, of 2: 1 and beyond, for example greater than 3: 1.
- electroroplating is meant here a process which makes it possible to cover a surface of a substrate with a metal or organometallic coating, in which the substrate is electrically polarized and brought into contact with a liquid containing precursors of said metallic or organometallic coating. , so as to form said coating.
- the electroplating is for example carried out by passing a current between the substrate to be coated constituting an electrode (the cathode in the case of a metal or organometallic coating) and a second electrode (the anode) in a bath containing a source of precursors of the coating material (for example metal ions in the case of a metal coating) and optionally various agents intended to improve the properties of the coating formed (regularity and fineness of the deposit, resistivity, etc.), optionally in the presence of a reference electrode.
- a source of precursors of the coating material for example metal ions in the case of a metal coating
- agents intended to improve the properties of the coating formed optionally in the presence of a reference electrode.
- electroplating means the liquid containing precursors of said metal coating used in an electroplating process as defined above.
- suppressor means a substance adapted to adsorb on the surface of the barrier layer or on the surface of the copper which has been deposited on the barrier layer at the beginning and during the electroplating process, which has the effect of function to partially mask the surface to be coated so as to slow down the reaction taking place at this surface.
- accelerator is understood to mean a substance adapted to accelerate the growth of copper at the bottom of the trench.
- the accelerator acts on the modification of copper reduction mechanisms, which has the effect of increasing the deposition kinetics of the metal.
- the electrodeposition composition according to the invention comprises a source of copper ions, in particular Cu 2+ cupric ions.
- the copper ion source is a copper salt such as in particular copper sulphate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper acetate, preferably copper sulphate, and preferably still copper sulphate pentahydrate.
- the source of copper ions is present within the electroplating composition in a concentration of between 0.4 and 40 mM, for example between 1 and 25 mM, and more preferably between 3 and 6 mM.
- Bipyridine is preferably in the form of 2,2'-bipyridine.
- the bipyridine may be optionally replaced by or used in combination with an amine chosen from aromatic amines - in particular 1,2-diaminobenzene or 3,5-dimethylaniline - and nitrogenous heterocycles, in particular pyridine, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfonate, the 1, 10- phenanthroline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,2'-bipyrimidine or 2-methylamino-pyridine.
- an amine chosen from aromatic amines - in particular 1,2-diaminobenzene or 3,5-dimethylaniline - and nitrogenous heterocycles, in particular pyridine, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfonate, the 1, 10- phenanthroline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,2'-bipyrimidine or 2-methylamino-pyridine.
- the concentration of bipyridine is preferably between 0.4 and 40 mM, preferably between 1 and 25 mM, for example between 3 and 6 mM.
- the bipyridine is preferably 0.5 to 2, more preferably 0.75 to 1.25 molar equivalents, more preferably in the order of 1 molar equivalent of the copper ion concentration.
- the thiodiglycolic acid is present, within the electrodeposition compositions according to the invention, in a concentration of between 1 and 500 mg / l, preferably between 2 and 100 mg / l.
- the concentration of the imidazole is preferably between 1.2 and 120 mM, preferably between 3 and 75 mM, for example between 9 and 18 mM.
- the imidazole preferably represents 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4 molar equivalents, more preferably in the order of 3 molar equivalents of the copper ion concentration.
- the electrolyte may further comprise a copper complexing agent which may function to prevent the precipitation of copper hydroxide in a neutral or basic medium. Moreover, the complexing agent may also have the effect of modifying the electrochemical properties of the copper in order to optimize the growth mechanisms and to stabilize the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may be free of pyridine.
- the solvent mainly comprises water by volume.
- the electrolyte of the invention comprises less than 50 ppm of chlorine ions.
- a source of chlorine ions is generally introduced into the electrolyte to stabilize a suppressor.
- the electrolyte of the invention is preferably free of chlorine ions.
- the electrolyte comprises, in addition to imidazole and bipyridine, another copper-specific complementary suppressor known from the prior art, such as polyethylene glycol polymers.
- the electrolyte may comprise a leveler (leveler in English terminology) and / or a brightener known from the prior art, such as for example a polypyridine.
- the electrolyte comprises, in aqueous solution:
- the pH of said composition being between 7.5 and 8.5.
- the electrolyte described in this variant makes it possible, by implementing the method according to the second aspect of the invention, to fill the trenches without forming holes ("voids") translating an optimum filling from the bottom to the top of the trenches (bottom-up).
- the concentration of the copper ions is between 0.4 and 40 mM
- the concentration of bipyridine is between 0.4 and 40 mM
- the concentration of imidazole is between 1.2 and 120 mM
- the concentration of thiodiglycolic acid is between 1 and 500 mg / l.
- the invention also proposes, according to a third aspect, a method of electroplating copper on a copper diffusion barrier layer, optionally covered with a seed layer, the barrier layer covering a surface of a semiconductor substrate the surface of the substrate having a planar portion and an assembly of at least one trench of width less than 200 nm, the method comprising the steps of:
- This method may consist in the deposition of a copper seed layer on the barrier layer, or alternatively, if the duration of polarization is prolonged, in a complete filling of the said trench with the said deposit of copper by copper deposit directly on the barrier layer not previously covered with a copper seed layer.
- the deposited seed layer preferably has a thickness of between 1 and 30 nm, for example between 2 and 20 nm.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to fill trenches of very small width.
- the width of the trenches may be less than an upper limit selected from the group consisting of 150 nm, 100 nm, 75 nm, 35 nm, 25 nm and 10 nm.
- the trench width may be 32 nm, 22 nm, 14 nm, 10 nm or even 7 nm.
- the surface of the cavity to be filled can be polarized, either in galvanostatic mode (fixed imposed current), or in potentiostatic mode (imposed and fixed potential, possibly with respect to a reference electrode) , still in pulsed mode (current or voltage).
- the polarization of the surface of the cavity to be filled is carried out in continuous mode by imposing a current per unit area in a range of 0.2 mA / cm 2 to 50 mA / cm 2 , preferably from 0.5 mA / cm 2 to 5 mA / cm 2 , and preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 mA / cm 2 .
- the polarization of the surface of the cavity to be filled is performed in galvano-pulsed or potentiopulsed mode at medium or high frequency.
- the polarization of the surface can be carried out for example in galvano-pulsed mode by imposing an alternation of polarization periods and rest periods without polarization.
- the frequency of the polarization periods can be between 0.1 kHz and 50 kHz (ie a polarization time of between 0.02 ms and 10 ms), preferably between 1 kHz and 20 kHz, for example between 5 kHz and 15 kHz. kHz, while the frequency of the rest periods can be between 0.1 kHz and 50 kHz, preferably between 1 kHz and 10 kHz, for example 5 kHz.
- the polarization of the surface can be achieved by applying a current of maximum intensity of between 0.01 and 10 mA / cm 2 , for example of the order of 4 to 5 mA / cm 2 .
- the filling time of the trenches of width less than 150 nm is advantageously between 30 seconds and 10 minutes to obtain a complete filling of the trenches.
- the duration of the electroplating step is less than 5 minutes to obtain a filling trenches of width less than 100 nm wide and less than 200 nm deep.
- the electrolytes according to the invention can be implemented by following a process comprising an initial "hot-entry” step, but in a particularly advantageous manner, they can also be implemented by following a method comprising an initial step.
- "Cold inlet” during which the surface to be coated is brought into contact without electrical polarization with the electroplating bath, and maintained in this state for the desired duration.
- the process according to the invention comprises, prior to electroplating, a "cold-entry” step during which the surface of the cavity to be filled is brought into contact with the composition of the electroplating according to the invention without electrical bias, and optionally maintained in this state for a period of at least 30 seconds.
- electrolytes according to the invention will preferably be used in an electroplating process comprising:
- a so-called "cold-entry” step during which said surface to be coated is brought into contact without electrical polarization with an electroplating bath and preferably maintained in this state for a period of at least 5 seconds, preferably between 10 and 60 seconds, and more preferably from about 10 to 30 seconds;
- the surface is polarized for a time sufficient to form said coating. This duration is at least 5 seconds, preferably between 10 seconds and 10 minutes.
- the filling method according to the invention can be implemented at a temperature between 20 and 30 ° C, that is to say at room temperature. he it is therefore not necessary to heat the electrodeposition bath which is an advantage from the point of view of the simplicity of the process.
- the process according to the invention has made it possible to achieve copper fills of excellent quality, without defect of material.
- This method can be implemented to fill a cavity in which the surface of the barrier layer is at least partially covered with a copper seed layer.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to fill a cavity whose surface is made of a material forming a copper diffusion barrier, which is not covered with a seed layer of copper.
- a layer forming a copper diffusion barrier may comprise at least one of the materials selected from cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tantalum nitride (TaN) ), titanium nitride (TiN), tungsten (W), tungsten titanate (TiW) and nitride or tungsten carbide (WCN).
- the copper diffusion barrier layer is preferably made of ruthenium or cobalt. The thickness of the barrier layer is generally between 1 and 30 nm.
- a support coated with a tantalum barrier layer is available, it will be preferred to cover the support with a copper seed layer before carrying out the process of the invention.
- Figure 1 shows the trench fill of 140 nm wide and 380 nm deep with copper with an electroplating solution of the invention.
- Figure 2 shows the trench fill of 140 nm wide and 380 nm deep with an electrolyte containing the combination of imidazole and SPS. Vacuum lines can be seen in the trenches.
- a copper seed layer was prepared in nm trenches of width and 202 nm depth directly on a layer Ruthenium barrier using a composition according to the invention based on 2,2 'bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid.
- the substrate used in this example consisted of a silicon coupon having a length of 4 cm and a width of 4 cm, covered with a layer of structured silicon oxide having trenches of 55 nm in width and 202 nm in diameter. depth and itself coated with a layer of ruthenium (Ru) 3 nm thick deposited by reactive sputtering.
- the resistivity of the ruthenium layer was 250 ohm / square.
- This ruthenium layer constitutes a copper diffusion barrier as used in so-called "double damascene” structures in the fabrication of copper interconnections of integrated circuits.
- the electroplating solution used in this example was an aqueous solution containing CuSO 4 (H 2 O) 5 , 2,2 'bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid.
- the concentration of 2,2-bipyridine was 4.5 mM and the concentration of imidazole was 13.5 mM.
- the concentration of CuSO 4 (H 2 O) 5 was 1.14 g / l which equals 4.5 mM.
- the concentration of thiodiglycolic acid could vary from 5 to 200 ppm, for example equal to 100 ppm.
- the pH of the solution was between 7.8 and 8.2.
- an electrolytic deposition equipment composed of two parts: the cell intended to contain the electroplating solution equipped with a fluid recirculation system in order to control the hydrodynamics of the system, and an equipped rotary electrode a sample holder adapted to the size of the coupons used (4 cm * 4 cm).
- the electrolytic deposition cell had two electrodes:
- the electroplating process used in this example included the following consecutive steps:
- the electroplating solution was poured into the cell.
- the cathode was polarized in galvanostatic mode in a range of current of 5 mA (or 0.63 mA / cm 2) at 15 mA (or 1.88 mA / cm z), for example 7.5 m (or 0, 94 mA / cm 2 ).
- the duration of this step was generally between 15 sec and 1 minute in order to obtain a conformal layer of copper over the entire structure.
- the duration of the electroplating step was 30 seconds to obtain a conformal copper layer with a thickness of 5 nm.
- the cathode was removed from the electrodeposition bath under polarization. The cathode was then disconnected, and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water 18.2 ⁇ , then dried with a gun delivering nitrogen at a pressure of about 2 bar.
- Trenches 55 nm wide and 202 nm deep were filled with copper directly onto a Ruthenium barrier layer using a composition according to the invention, based on 2,2 'bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid.
- the substrate used in this example was identical to that of the example
- the electroplating solution used in this example was identical to that of Example 1.
- the electroplating process used in this example included the following consecutive steps:
- the electroplating solution was poured into the cell.
- the cathode was galvanostatically biased in a current range of 5 mA (or 0.63 mA / cm 2 ) to 15 mA (or 1.88 mA / cm 2 ), for example 7.5 m A (or 0, 94 mA / cm 2 ).
- the duration of this step was generally between 1 minutes and 10 minutes in order to obtain a complete filling of the trenches.
- the duration of the electroplating step was 3 min to obtain a complete filling of the trenches 55 nm wide and 202 nm deep.
- the cathode was removed from the electrodeposition bath under polarization. The cathode was then disconnected and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water 18.2 ⁇ , and then dried using a gun delivering nitrogen at a pressure of about 2 bar.
- Trenches 140 nm wide and 380 nm deep were filled with copper on a Tn / Ti barrier layer coated with a 20 nm PVD copper layer using a composition according to the invention with based on 2,2 'bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid.
- the substrate used in this example consisted of a silicon coupon having a length of 4 cm and a width of 4 cm, covered with a layer of structured silicon oxide having trenches of 140 nm in width and 380 nm in diameter. depth, itself coated with a 15 nm thick TilM / Ti bi-layer and a 20 nm copper layer deposited by reactive spraying.
- the resistivity of the copper layer was 2.5 ohm / square.
- the electroplating solution used in this example was identical to that of Example 1.
- the electroplating process used in this example included the following consecutive steps:
- the electroplating solution was poured into the cell.
- the cathode was galvanostatically biased in a current range of 5 mA (or 0.63 mA / cm 2 ) to 15 mA (or 1.88 mA / cm 2 ), for example 10 mA (or 1.25 mA / cm 2 ).
- the duration of this step was generally between 1 minute and 10 minutes in order to obtain a complete filling of the trenches.
- the duration of the electrodeposition step was 9 min to obtain a complete filling of the trenches 140 nm wide and 380 nm deep.
- the cathode was removed from the electrodeposition bath under polarization. The cathode was then disconnected, and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water 18.2 ⁇ , and then dried with a gun delivering nitrogen at a pressure of about 2 bar.
- Trenches 140 nm wide and 380 nm deep were filled with copper on a TiN / Ti barrier layer coated with a PVD copper layer using a 2,2 'bipyridine composition. imidazole and bis (3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS).
- the substrate used in this example was identical to that of the example
- the electrodeposition solution used in this example was an aqueous solution containing CuSO 4 (H 2 O) 5 , 2,2 'bipyridine, imidazole and bis (3-sulphopropyl) disulphide (SPS). .
- the concentration of 2,2'-bipyridine was 4.5 mM and the concentration of imidazole was 13.5 mM.
- the concentration of CuSO 4 (H 2 O) 5 was 1.14 g / l (equivalent to 4.5 mM).
- the concentration of SPS could vary from 5 to 200 ppm, for example equal to 14 ppm.
- the pH of the solution was between 7.8 and 8.2.
- the electroplating solution was poured into the cell.
- the cathode was galvanostatically polarized in a current range of 5 mA (or 0.44 mA / cm 2 ) to 15 mA (or 1.3 mA / cm 2 ), for example 10 mA (or 1.25 mA / cm 2) ).
- the duration of this step was generally between 1 minute and 10 minutes in order to obtain a complete filling of the trenches.
- the duration of the electrodeposition step was 9 min to obtain a complete filling of the trenches 140 nm wide and 380 nm deep.
- the cathode was removed from the electrodeposition bath under polarization. The cathode was then disconnected, and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water 10 ⁇ , and then dried using a gun delivering nitrogen at a pressure of the order of 2 bars.
- Trenches 55 nm wide and 165 nm deep were filled with copper on a TiN / Ti barrier layer coated with a 10 nm copper PVD layer using a composition according to the invention containing 2,2 'bipyridine, imidazole and thiodiglycolic acid.
- the substrate used in this example consisted of a silicon coupon having a length of 4 cm and a width of 4 cm, covered with a layer of structured silicon oxide having trenches 55 nm wide and 165 nm in diameter. depth, itself coated with a 10 nm thick Ti / Ti layer and a 10 nm copper layer deposited by reactive sputtering.
- the resistivity of the copper layer was 8 ohm / square.
- the electroplating solution used in this example was identical to that of Example 1.
- the electroplating protocol implemented in this example included the following consecutive steps:
- the electroplating solution was poured into the cell.
- Step 2 Formation of the cuiyre coating.
- the cathode was polarized in galvano-pulsed mode so that the frequency of cathode pulses is very high between 0.1 and 50 kHz, for example 10 kHz.
- the current range used was between 5 mA (1.88 mA / cm 2) and 60 mA (7.52 mA / cm 2), for example 35 mA (4.38 mA / cm 2).
- the cathode pulses were spaced by idle times (without current) of frequency between 0.1 and 50 kHz, for example 5 kHz.
- the duration of this step was generally between 30 seconds and 10 minutes in order to obtain a complete filling of the trenches.
- the cathode was removed from the electrodeposition bath under polarization. The cathode was then disconnected, and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water 18.2 ⁇ , then dried with a gun delivering nitrogen at a pressure of about 2 bar.
- Copper trenches 55 nm wide and 202 nm deep were filled with copper over a ruthenium barrier layer using a composition of 2,2'-bipyridine, pyridine and thiodiglycolic acid. .
- the substrate used in this example was identical to that of Example 1.
- the electrodeposition solution used in this example was identical to that of Example 1, except for the replacement of imidazole with pyridine in an identical concentration of 13.5 mM.
- the pH of the solution was between 5.8 and 6.0.
- the electroplating process used in this example included the following consecutive steps:
- the electroplating solution was poured into the cell.
- the cathode was galvanostatically polarized in a current range of 5 mA (or 0.63 mA / cm 2 ) to 15 mA (or 1.88 mA / cm 2 ), for example 14.4 mA (or 1.80 mA). mA / cm 2 ).
- the duration of this step was generally between 1 minutes and 10 minutes in order to obtain a complete filling of the trenches.
- the duration of the electroplating step was 1 minute and 35 seconds to obtain a complete filling of the trenches 55 nm wide and 202 nm deep.
- the cathode was removed from the bath of electroplating under polarization.
- the cathode was disconnected and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water 18.2 ⁇ , then dried with a gun delivering nitrogen at a pressure of 2 bar. Results obtained
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/429,584 US10472726B2 (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | Electrolyte and process for electroplating copper onto a barrier layer |
CA2885231A CA2885231A1 (fr) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | Electrolyte et procede d'electrodeposition de cuivre sur une couche barriere |
SG11201502044VA SG11201502044VA (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | Electrolyte and process for electroplating copper onto abarrier layer |
EP13767028.7A EP2898121B8 (fr) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | Electrolyte et procédé d'électrodéposition de cuivre sur une couche barrière |
JP2015532481A JP6218837B2 (ja) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | 電解液及びバリア層上に銅を電気めっきする方法 |
KR1020157010506A KR102206291B1 (ko) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | 구리를 장벽 층 상에 전기도금하기 위한 전해질 및 프로세스 |
CN201380049746.5A CN104685107B (zh) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | 电解液和向阻挡层上电镀铜的方法 |
IL237731A IL237731B (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2015-03-12 | Electrolyte and process for electroplating copper onto a barrier layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1258925 | 2012-09-24 | ||
FR1258925A FR2995912B1 (fr) | 2012-09-24 | 2012-09-24 | Electrolyte et procede d'electrodeposition de cuivre sur une couche barriere |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014044942A1 true WO2014044942A1 (fr) | 2014-03-27 |
Family
ID=47137948
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2013/051987 WO2014044942A1 (fr) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-08-28 | Electrolyte et procédé d'électrodéposition de cuivre sur une couche barrière |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10472726B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2898121B8 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6218837B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102206291B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN104685107B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2885231A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2995912B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL237731B (fr) |
SG (1) | SG11201502044VA (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI592522B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014044942A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150299886A1 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-10-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for preparing a substrate with a semi-noble metal layer |
US20160097141A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-07 | Ebara Corporation | Plating method |
US9472377B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2016-10-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for characterizing metal oxide reduction |
US9607822B2 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2017-03-28 | Lam Research Corporation | Pretreatment method for photoresist wafer processing |
US9865501B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2018-01-09 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for remote plasma treatment for reducing metal oxides on a metal seed layer |
US10006144B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2018-06-26 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for filling interconnect structures |
US10443146B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2019-10-15 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3061601B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-29 | 2022-12-30 | Aveni | Solution d'electrodeposition de cuivre et procede pour des motifs de facteur de forme eleve |
JP2023069822A (ja) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-18 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 酸性電解銅めっき液、プリフォーム層の形成方法、接合用シートの製造方法、接合用基板の製造方法及び接合体の製造方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3617451A (en) * | 1969-06-10 | 1971-11-02 | Macdermid Inc | Thiosulfate copper plating |
WO2007034116A2 (fr) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-03-29 | Alchimer | Composition d'electrodeposition destinee au revetement d'une surface d'un substrat par un metal |
WO2011154493A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Alchimer | Composition pour le dépôt électrolytique de cuivre, et procédé de remplissage d'une cavité dans un substrat semi-conducteur utilisant ladite composition |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01219187A (ja) * | 1988-02-25 | 1989-09-01 | Ishihara Chem Co Ltd | 電気銅めっき液 |
JP2678701B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-19 | 1997-11-17 | 石原薬品 株式会社 | 電気銅めっき液 |
JPH0776795A (ja) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 着色表面処理鋼板とその製造方法 |
JP3641372B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-21 | 2005-04-20 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 電解めっき方法及び電解めっき装置 |
US6288449B1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-09-11 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Barrier for copper metallization |
JP3498306B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-16 | 2004-02-16 | 石原薬品株式会社 | ボイドフリー銅メッキ方法 |
US8002962B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2011-08-23 | Enthone Inc. | Copper electrodeposition in microelectronics |
JP4327163B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-17 | 2009-09-09 | 日鉱金属株式会社 | 無電解銅めっき液および無電解銅めっき方法 |
US20060243599A1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Electroplating additive for improved reliability |
JP2007016264A (ja) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-25 | Adeka Corp | 新規化合物、該化合物からなる電解銅メッキ用添加剤、該添加剤を含有する電解銅メッキ浴、該メッキ浴を使用する電解銅メッキ方法 |
FR2890984B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-20 | 2009-03-27 | Alchimer Sa | Procede d'electrodeposition destine au revetement d'une surface d'un substrat par un metal. |
US7579274B2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-08-25 | Alchimer | Method and compositions for direct copper plating and filing to form interconnects in the fabrication of semiconductor devices |
JP5442188B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-10 | 2014-03-12 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ,エル.エル.シー. | 銅めっき液組成物 |
FR2930785B1 (fr) | 2008-05-05 | 2010-06-11 | Alchimer | Composition d'electrodeposition et procede de revetement d'un substrat semi-conducteur utilisant ladite composition |
JP5583896B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-22 | 2014-09-03 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ,エル.エル.シー. | パラジウムおよびパラジウム合金の高速めっき方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-09-24 FR FR1258925A patent/FR2995912B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-08-28 WO PCT/FR2013/051987 patent/WO2014044942A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-08-28 US US14/429,584 patent/US10472726B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-28 EP EP13767028.7A patent/EP2898121B8/fr active Active
- 2013-08-28 CN CN201380049746.5A patent/CN104685107B/zh active Active
- 2013-08-28 SG SG11201502044VA patent/SG11201502044VA/en unknown
- 2013-08-28 KR KR1020157010506A patent/KR102206291B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-28 JP JP2015532481A patent/JP6218837B2/ja active Active
- 2013-08-28 CA CA2885231A patent/CA2885231A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2013-09-05 TW TW102132058A patent/TWI592522B/zh active
-
2015
- 2015-03-12 IL IL237731A patent/IL237731B/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3617451A (en) * | 1969-06-10 | 1971-11-02 | Macdermid Inc | Thiosulfate copper plating |
WO2007034116A2 (fr) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-03-29 | Alchimer | Composition d'electrodeposition destinee au revetement d'une surface d'un substrat par un metal |
WO2011154493A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Alchimer | Composition pour le dépôt électrolytique de cuivre, et procédé de remplissage d'une cavité dans un substrat semi-conducteur utilisant ladite composition |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10006144B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2018-06-26 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for filling interconnect structures |
US9865501B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2018-01-09 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for remote plasma treatment for reducing metal oxides on a metal seed layer |
US20150299886A1 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-10-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for preparing a substrate with a semi-noble metal layer |
US9607822B2 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2017-03-28 | Lam Research Corporation | Pretreatment method for photoresist wafer processing |
US20160097141A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-07 | Ebara Corporation | Plating method |
US10294581B2 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2019-05-21 | Ebara Corporation | Plating method |
US9472377B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2016-10-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for characterizing metal oxide reduction |
US10443146B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2019-10-15 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
US11208732B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-12-28 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20150056655A (ko) | 2015-05-26 |
JP2015533946A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
US20150218724A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
CN104685107A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
TWI592522B (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
FR2995912B1 (fr) | 2014-10-10 |
FR2995912A1 (fr) | 2014-03-28 |
CN104685107B (zh) | 2017-05-03 |
IL237731B (en) | 2018-04-30 |
TW201418528A (zh) | 2014-05-16 |
EP2898121B8 (fr) | 2016-09-14 |
US10472726B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
CA2885231A1 (fr) | 2014-03-27 |
SG11201502044VA (en) | 2015-05-28 |
EP2898121B1 (fr) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2898121A1 (fr) | 2015-07-29 |
JP6218837B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
KR102206291B1 (ko) | 2021-01-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2898121B1 (fr) | Electrolyte et procédé d'électrodéposition de cuivre sur une couche barrière | |
EP1937875B1 (fr) | Composition d'electrodeposition destinee au revetement d'une surface d'un substrat par un metal | |
EP1927129B1 (fr) | Procede d'electrodeposition destine au revetement d'une surface d'un substrat par un metal | |
EP2279290B1 (fr) | COMPOSITION D'éLECTRODEPOSITION ET PROCéDé DE REVÊTEMENT D'UN SUBSTRAT SEMI-CONDUCTEUR UTILISANT LADITE COMPOSITION | |
EP2324085B1 (fr) | Procede de preparation d'un film isolant electrique et application pour la metallisation de vias traversants | |
FR3061601A1 (fr) | Soltion d'electrodeposition de cuivre et procede pour des motifs de facteur de forme eleve | |
FR2935713A1 (fr) | Procede de reparation de couches barrieres a la diffusion du cuivre sur substrat solide semi-conducteur ; kit de reparation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede | |
FR2949121A1 (fr) | Electrolyte et procede d''electrodeposition de cuivre sur une couche barriere, et substrat semi-conducteur obtenu par un tel procede. | |
FR3112559A1 (fr) | Electrolyte et dépôt d’une couche barrière au cuivre dans un procédé Damascène | |
FR3079241A1 (fr) | Procede d'electrodeposition de cobalt | |
FR3092590A1 (fr) | Electrodéposition d’un alliage de cobalt ou de cuivre, et utilisation en microélectronique | |
FR2961220A1 (fr) | Composition d'electrodeposition de cuivre et procede de remplissage d'une cavite d'un substrat semi-conducteur utilisant cette composition | |
FR3119848A1 (fr) | Electrolyte et Procédé d’électrodéposition de cobalt | |
FR2945665A1 (fr) | Procede de revetement d'un substrat semi-conducteur par electrodeposition. | |
FR3124197A1 (fr) | Electrolyte et procédé d'électrodéposition de cobalt et de graphène | |
FR3115046A1 (fr) | Procédé pour la fabrication d’une mémoire 3D-NAND | |
WO2014076431A2 (fr) | Dispositif semi-conducteur et son procede de fabrication |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13767028 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2013767028 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 237731 Country of ref document: IL Ref document number: 2013767028 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2885231 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14429584 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015532481 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20157010506 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |