WO2014033974A1 - 積層塗膜及び塗装物 - Google Patents
積層塗膜及び塗装物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014033974A1 WO2014033974A1 PCT/JP2013/001565 JP2013001565W WO2014033974A1 WO 2014033974 A1 WO2014033974 A1 WO 2014033974A1 JP 2013001565 W JP2013001565 W JP 2013001565W WO 2014033974 A1 WO2014033974 A1 WO 2014033974A1
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- reflectance
- coating film
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/067—Metallic effect
- B05D5/068—Metallic effect achieved by multilayers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/57—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
- B05D7/572—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat all layers being cured or baked together
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/52—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts
- G01J3/522—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts circular colour charts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/26—Reflecting filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/10—Metallic substrate based on Fe
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated coating film provided with a color clear layer on a metallic base layer, and a coated article provided with the laminated coating film.
- Patent Document 1 describes obtaining a design with a sense of depth regarding a laminated sheet for molding useful for automobile-related members and the like. It is placed in a laminated sheet of repeated colored layer on the metallic luster layer, a lightness L * of the transmitted light of the colored layer is 20 to 80, and the gloss values of the metallic luster layer is 200 or more, 45 ° specular reflection The light saturation C * is 150 or more.
- a lightness L * of the transmitted light of the colored layer is 20 to 80
- the gloss values of the metallic luster layer is 200 or more
- the light saturation C * is 150 or more.
- the use of the above-mentioned laminated sheet for molding is limited.
- the problem of the first level of the present invention is to provide a high-saturation, high-saturation and dense feeling in a laminated coating film having a color clear layer on a metallic base layer.
- the problem of the second level of the present invention is to make it possible to obtain a high level of saturation, high saturation, a dense feeling, and a deep feeling.
- the third level problem of the present invention is to make it possible to obtain a high depth feeling with high highlights, high saturation, excellent density, and high depth.
- the inventor of the present invention in a multilayer coating film in which a specific color is produced by the overcoated metallic base layer and the color clear layer, the highlight reflectance of the specific color and the wavelength range outside the hue range of the specific color. Focusing on the relationship with the average highlight reflectivity, we tried to achieve high saturation and denseness in the highlights.
- the laminated coating film presented here produces a specific color by the metallic base layer and the color clear layer.
- the reflectance with respect to the standard white plate measured with the light incident angle of 45 degrees and the light receiving angle of +30 degrees is defined as the highlight reflectance.
- “reflectance” refers to spectral solid angle reflectivity (see JIS Z 722.4.3, “Spectral solid angle reflectivity measurement (1) method”).
- the highlight reflectance of the specific color is RH (P)
- the hue of the specific color is the median value of the Munsell hue ring
- the Munsell hue ring is divided into 100, and the hue is set to +50 counterclockwise and -50 clockwise.
- the range of ⁇ 25 to +25 when the range is displayed is the hue range of the specific color
- RH (OA) the laminated coating film has the following formula ( It is characterized by satisfying 1).
- the reflectance with respect to a standard white plate measured at a light incident angle of 45 degrees and a light receiving angle of ⁇ 30 degrees is defined as a shade reflectance, and the shade reflectance of the specific color is defined as R S (P ) ,
- the laminated coating film satisfies the following formula (2).
- the reflectance with respect to a standard white plate measured at a light incident angle of 45 degrees and a light receiving angle of 0 degrees is defined as a face reflectance, and the face reflectance of the specific color is defined as RF (P).
- the laminated coating film satisfies the following formula (3).
- the laminated coating film satisfies the following formula (4). As a result, a deeper feeling of depth can be obtained, which is advantageous for realizing high saturation, depth, and denseness.
- the light transmittance T 2BC (P) of the specific color of the color clear layer is 55% or more, and the average light transmittance T 2BC (OA) in a wavelength region outside the hue range is 50. % Or less.
- transmittance means light transmittance measured using an integrating sphere (refer to the measuring method described in JIS R 3106 “Testing method of transmittance, reflectance, and solar heat gain of plate glass”). That's it.
- the light transmittance T 2BC (P) of a specific color of the color clear layer is large (55% or more), and the average light transmittance T 2BC (OA) in a wavelength region outside the hue range is small (50% or less).
- T 2BC (P) of a specific color of the color clear layer is large (55% or more), and the average light transmittance T 2BC (OA) in a wavelength region outside the hue range is small (50% or less).
- the color clear layer transmits a large amount of the light of the specific color and absorbs light other than the specific color well.
- light rays are focused on a specific color and reflected by the metallic base layer, which is advantageous for achieving high saturation (color sharpness).
- the metallic base layer has a difference (R 1BC H (P) ⁇ R 1BC ) between the highlight reflectance R 1BC H (P) of the specific color and the shade reflectance R 1BC S (P). S (P) 2 ) is 90% or more, and face reflectance R 1BC F (P) is 30% or less.
- the maximum value of the highlight reflectance in the wavelength region outside the hue range of the metallic base layer is R 1BC H (O-MAX), and the light transmittance T 2BC of the color clear layer at the wavelength of the maximum value ( O-MAX) , the laminated coating film satisfies the following formula (5).
- the reflectance difference (R 1BC H (P) -R 1BC S (P) ) between the highlight and shade of a specific color of the metallic base layer is large (90% or more), which means that the intensity of the reflected light from the metallic base layer is This means that it changes greatly depending on the observation angle, and it is advantageous for realizing a strong sense of depth.
- the fact that the face reflectance R 1BC F (P) of the metallic base layer is small (30% or less) means that the degree of change in the intensity of reflected light when the observation angle changes is large (changes suddenly). In other words, it is even more advantageous to achieve a strong sense of depth.
- R 1BC H (OA) ⁇ (T 2BC (OA) / 100) 2 ⁇ 7 indicates that the reflection of light other than the specific color by the metallic base layer is weak or the light other than the specific color In short, it is well absorbed by the color clearing layer. In other words, the amount of light other than the specific color emitted from the laminated coating film is small, which is advantageous for realizing high saturation.
- the reflectance difference (R 1BC H (P) ⁇ R 1BC S (P) ) of the metallic base layer is preferably 150% or more, more preferably 170% or more, and the metallic base layer
- the face reflectance R 1BC F (P) is preferably 25% or less.
- the laminated coating film is a 3C / 1B type having a transparent top clear layer on the color clear layer, even if the color clear layer is a 2C / 1B type in which the coating surface is formed. Also good.
- examples of the coated object provided with the laminated coating film on the object to be coated include an automobile body, a motorcycle, other vehicles, and other metal products. .
- the highlight reflectance of the specific color is RH (P), and the wavelength is outside the hue range of the specific color.
- RH (OA) the average highlight reflectance of the region
- the laminated coating film satisfies the formula (1) “( RH (P) / RH (OA) )> 60”. , The saturation in the highlights is increased, and a dense feeling is obtained, which is advantageous for improving the appearance of the paint.
- the laminated coating film has the formula (2) “(R H (P) / R H (OA) ) ⁇ (R H (P) ⁇ If Rs (P) ) ⁇ 1/100> 30 ”is satisfied, it is possible to simultaneously obtain high saturation, denseness, and depth in highlights, and further, the face reflectance of the specific color.
- the laminated coating film has the formula (3) “(R H (P) / R H (OA) ) ⁇ (R H (P) ⁇ R S (P) ) ⁇ (1 / R F (P) ) ⁇ (1/100) ⁇ 2 ”is further advantageous for realizing high saturation, depth and denseness in highlights.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which external light is incident on and transmitted through a color clear layer
- B is a graph illustrating an example of a spectral transmittance curve of the color clear layer. It is a graph which shows an example of the influence which the pigment seed
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a laminated coating film 2 provided on the outer surface of a car body (steel plate) 1 of an automobile.
- the laminated coating film 2 is formed by laminating a metallic base layer (1BC) 4, a color clear layer (2BC) 5, and a transparent top clear layer 6 in this order.
- the metallic base layer 4 contains a bright material 7 and a pigment 8
- the color clear layer 5 contains a pigment 8.
- An electrodeposition coating film 3 is formed on the surface of the vehicle body 1 by cationic electrodeposition coating, and an intermediate coating film 9 is formed on the electrodeposition coating film 3, and the laminated coating film 9 is formed on the intermediate coating film 9. 2 is provided.
- the laminated coating film 2 achieves high saturation and high brightness with highlights, obtains a dense feeling, and gives a sense of depth.
- the mechanism of color development for this purpose will be described using a case where red is developed as a specific color.
- FIG. 5B shows a spectral transmittance curve of the color clear layer 5 containing the red pigment 8.
- the color clear layer 5 is provided with a function of transmitting as much red light as possible and a function of absorbing light of colors other than red as much as possible in order to achieve high saturation and high brightness.
- the main control factors for this are the type of pigment 8 and the amount (concentration, film thickness) of the pigment.
- the wavelength characteristic of the light transmittance varies depending on the type of pigment, and as shown in FIG. 4, the light transmittance decreases as the film thickness increases.
- the transmittance of red light does not decrease so much, but the transmittance of light other than red greatly decreases (light other than red is well absorbed).
- the light transmitted through the color clear layer 5 is reflected by the metallic base layer 4 as shown in FIG.
- the metallic base layer 4 has a function of reflecting incident light as much as possible in order to increase saturation.
- the function to increase FF (flip-flop; the degree of change in reflected light intensity when the observation angle changes) to increase the sense of depth the red light is reflected and the light other than red is reflected as much as possible to increase the saturation. Give the function not to let.
- the red light has a high highlight reflectance, a low shade reflectance, and a low face reflectance enhances the sense of depth. Therefore, a low reflectance of light other than red increases the saturation.
- the reflectance with respect to a standard white plate measured at a light incident angle of 45 degrees and a light receiving angle of +30 degrees is defined as a highlight reflectance, and the light incident angle is 45 degrees and the light receiving angle is ⁇ 30 degrees.
- the reflectance with respect to the standard white plate measured in step 1 is defined as the shade reflectance
- the reflectance with respect to the standard white plate measured with the light incident angle of 45 degrees and the light receiving angle of 0 degrees is defined as the face reflectance.
- the main control factors for giving an angle change to the reflected light intensity are the kind of the glitter material 7 (the glitter material type, particle size or aspect ratio), the amount of the glitter material 7 (concentration, film thickness), and the orientation of the glitter material 7. It is sex. As shown in FIG. 7, the larger the particle size of the glitter material 7, the larger the FF. As shown in FIG. 8, the better the orientation of the glitter material 7, the larger the FF.
- the orientation of the glitter material 7 can be controlled by adjusting the coating conditions (paint atomization / solvent evaporation characteristics) and the viscosity of the paint. The better the orientation, the higher the highlight reflectance, and the shade reflectance. Becomes lower. That is, the difference in reflectance between the highlight and the shade increases (FF increases).
- the main control factors for reflecting red light and not reflecting red light as much as possible are the types of pigments 8 and the amount of pigment (concentration). , Film thickness). Since the upper limit of the PWC of the pigment and the glitter material is determined from the viewpoint of the coating quality, the addition amount of the pigment 8 and the glitter material 7 must be balanced. Accordingly, it is necessary to balance the amount of the pigment 8 and the amount of the glittering material 7 in consideration of the design and quality as a result.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a spectral reflectance curve of light finally emitted from the top clear layer 6.
- FIG. 10 is compared with FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, the highlight reflectivity is slightly lower as a whole in FIG. 10 due to the influence of light absorption / reflection by the pigment 8 included in the color clear layer 5. .
- the highlight reflectivity is large, the reflectivity difference between the highlight and the shade, the reflectivity difference between the highlight and the face is large, and light other than red is hardly emitted. It can be seen that it is highlighted, has high brightness and saturation, and has a strong sense of depth. In particular, when the difference in reflectance between the highlight and the face is large, the color tone changes abruptly as the observation angle changes, so that a strong sense of depth can be obtained.
- an intermediate coating film 9 (L * value: 50) is overlaid on the epoxy electrodeposition coating film 3 on the surface of the steel plate 1, and a metallic coating is formed on the intermediate coating film 9.
- a multilayer coating 2 was formed by laminating a base layer (1BC) 4, a color clear layer (2BC) 5 and a top clear layer 6 in this order.
- a polyester-based solvent-type paint was employed for the intermediate coating film 9. The film thickness is 25 ⁇ m.
- the metallic base layer 4 was formed by using an acrylic melamine solvent paint with a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was mixed with 10% (pwc) of aluminum flake as the glittering material 7 and 15% (pwc) of perylene pigment as the colored pigment 8.
- the coating conditions were a discharge amount of 330 cc / min, a rotational speed of 20000 rpm, and an S / A (shaping air) flow rate of 420 nl / min.
- the film thickness is 12 ⁇ m.
- the color clear layer 5 was also formed using an acrylic melamine solvent paint by a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was blended with 2.0% (pwc) of a perylene pigment as the color pigment 8.
- the coating conditions were a discharge rate of 300 cc / min, a rotational speed of 20000 rpm, and an S / A flow rate of 300 nl / min.
- the film thickness is 12 ⁇ m.
- the top clear layer 6 was formed using an acid epoxy clear paint.
- the film thickness is 30 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate paint, metallic base paint, color clear paint and top clear paint were applied wet-on-wet and then baked (heated at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes).
- the metallic base layer 4 was formed using a water-based acrylic emulsion paint by a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was mixed with 18% (pwc) of aluminum flake as the glittering material 7 and 5.0% (pwc) of the diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment as the coloring pigment 8.
- the coating conditions were a discharge amount of 300 cc / min, a rotation speed of 30000 rpm, and an S / A flow rate of 420 nl / min.
- the film thickness is 10 ⁇ m.
- the color clear layer 5 was also formed using a water-based acrylic emulsion paint by a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was blended with 2.0% (pwc) of a perylene pigment as the color pigment 8.
- the coating conditions were a discharge rate of 300 cc / min, a rotational speed of 20000 rpm, and an S / A flow rate of 300 nl / min.
- the film thickness is 10 ⁇ m.
- the top clear layer 6 was formed using a two-component urethane clear paint.
- the film thickness is 30 ⁇ m. Further, after applying the metallic base paint and the color clear paint by wet-on-wet, preheating (heating at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes) was performed, and baking (heating at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes) was performed after top clear coating.
- the metallic base layer was formed by using an acrylic melamine solvent paint with a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was mixed with 8% (pwc) of aluminum flake as a bright material and 14% (pwc) of a perylene pigment as a coloring pigment.
- the coating conditions were a discharge amount of 330 cc / min, a rotational speed of 20000 rpm, and an S / A (shaping air) flow rate of 420 nl / min.
- the film thickness is 15 ⁇ m.
- the color clear layer was also formed using an acid epoxy clear paint with a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was blended with 1.0% (pwc) of a perylene pigment as the color pigment 8.
- the film thickness is 30 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate paint, metallic base paint, color clear paint and top clear paint were applied wet-on-wet and then baked (heated at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes).
- the color clear layer was formed by using an acrylic melamine solvent paint with a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine.
- the paint was blended with 2.0% (pwc) of a perylene pigment as the color pigment 8.
- the coating conditions were a discharge amount of 330 cc / min, a rotational speed of 20000 rpm, and an S / A flow rate of 300 nl / min.
- the film thickness is 12 ⁇ m.
- the clear layer and top clear layer were formed using acid epoxy clear paint. The film thickness is 30 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate paint, base paint, and clear paint were applied by wet-on-wet and then baked (heated at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes). Further, the color clear layer and the top clear were applied wet on wet and baked again (heated at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes).
- an intermediate coating film 9 (L * value: 30) is superimposed on the epoxy-based electrodeposition coating film 3 on the surface of the steel sheet 1, and a metallic coating is formed on the intermediate coating film 9.
- a multilayer coating 2 was formed by laminating a base layer (1BC) 4, a color clear layer (2BC) 5 and a top clear layer 6 in this order.
- a polyester-based solvent-type paint was employed for the intermediate coating film 9. The film thickness is 25 ⁇ m.
- the metallic base layer 4 was formed by spray coating using an acrylic melamine solvent paint.
- the paint was mixed with 20% (pwc) of aluminum flakes as a bright material 7.
- the film thickness is 12 ⁇ m.
- the color clear layer 5 was also formed by spray coating using an acrylic melamine solvent paint.
- the paint was mixed with 1.0% (pwc) of a phthalocyanine pigment as the color pigment 8.
- the film thickness is 20 ⁇ m.
- the top clear layer 6 was formed using an acid epoxy clear paint.
- the film thickness is 30 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate paint, metallic base paint, color clear paint and top clear paint were applied wet-on-wet and then baked (heated at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes).
- an intermediate coating film 9 (L * value: 10) is superimposed on the epoxy-based electrodeposition coating film 3 on the surface of the steel plate 1, and a metallic coating is formed on the intermediate coating film 9.
- a multilayer coating 2 was formed by laminating a base layer (1BC) 4, a color clear layer (2BC) 5 and a top clear layer 6 in this order.
- a polyester-based solvent-type paint was employed for the intermediate coating film 9. The film thickness is 25 ⁇ m.
- the metallic base layer 4 was formed by spray coating using an acrylic melamine solvent paint.
- the paint was mixed with 17% (pwc) of aluminum flakes as a bright material 7. Further, 4% of a phthalocyanine pigment was blended.
- the film thickness is 12 ⁇ m.
- the color clear layer 5 was also formed by spray coating using an acrylic melamine solvent paint.
- the paint was mixed with 1.0% (pwc) of a phthalocyanine pigment as the color pigment 8.
- the film thickness is 20 ⁇ m.
- the top clear layer 6 was formed using an acid epoxy clear paint.
- the film thickness is 30 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate paint, metallic base paint, color clear paint and top clear paint were applied wet-on-wet and then baked (heated at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes).
- the hue range of a specific color is determined by dividing the Munsell hue ring into hundreds by setting the hue of the specific color as the median value (0) of the Munsell hue ring shown in FIG. The range from -25 to +25 (range of ⁇ 25) when the hue range is displayed.
- FIG. 12 shows the hue range when the specific color is red / orange / yellow based on the wavelength region in the visible light region (400 nm to 700 nm).
- the central wavelength (broken line in the figure) of the increased wavelength range from the wavelength at which the spectral reflectance starts to increase as the wavelength increases to the maximum wavelength of 700 nm is “peak” related to the hue of the specific color.
- the reflectances R H (P) , R S (P) , and R F (P) are light reflectances of peak wavelengths.
- the wavelength range corresponding to the range of ⁇ 25 in the Munsell hue circle centering on this peak wavelength is the hue range of the specific color, and the remaining wavelength range is the wavelength range outside the hue range.
- FIG. 13 shows the hue range in the wavelength region when the specific color is blue / green.
- the wavelength at which the spectral reflectance peaks (the broken line in the figure) is the “peak wavelength”.
- the wavelength range corresponding to the range of ⁇ 25 in the Munsell hue circle centering on this peak wavelength is the hue range of the specific color, and the remaining wavelength range is the wavelength range outside the hue range.
- FIG. 14 shows the hue range in the wavelength range when the specific color is purple.
- spectral reflectance peaks (broken lines in the figure) appear at two locations on the short wavelength side and the long wavelength side.
- the wavelength with the higher peak height of the two peaks is the “peak wavelength”.
- the wavelength range corresponding to the range of ⁇ 25 in the Munsell hue circle centering on each of the two peaks is the hue range of the specific color, and the remaining wavelength range not included in the two ⁇ 25 ranges is out of the hue range. In the wavelength range.
- the light transmittance T 2BC (P) of the specific color of the color clear layer (2BC) 5 the specific color of The average light transmittance T 2BC (OA) in the wavelength region outside the hue range and the average light transmittance T 2BC (TA) in the visible light region (400 nm to 700 nm ) were measured.
- the visual evaluation criteria are as follows.
- the highlight reflectance R H (P) of a specific color in Table 1 the visual evaluation of saturation
- the visual evaluation of saturation is low. Therefore, simply highlight reflectance R H (P) is high it can be seen that fail to achieve high saturation.
- red-based No. 11 and blue-based No. 2 are high in evaluation of saturation although the highlight reflectance RH (P) is similar to or lower than that of, for example, yellow metallic.
- the current green metallic has high visual evaluation of saturation, but does not have a dense feeling.
- neither the commercial product nor the current product has the desired denseness.
- condition A R H (P) / R H (OA)
- the saturation evaluation tends to be generally high, and the denseness is good.
- the condition A is larger than 60, more preferably larger than 80.
- the 13 types of red are the same as the commercially available red mica 1 and the current orange mica, but the depth and denseness of the 13 types of red are the same. Is good. This is because the difference between the highlight reflectance RH (P) and the face reflectance RF (P) is large. That is, the condition C ((R H (P) / R H (OA) ) ⁇ (R H (P) ⁇ R S (P) ) ⁇ (1 / R F reflecting the face reflectance R F (P) When the value of (P) ) ⁇ (1/100)) is large, the sense of depth and denseness is good. According to the results in Table 1, it is preferable to set the condition C to be 2 or more, and further to be larger than 8.
- the light transmittance T 2BC (P) of the specific color of the color clear layer (2BC) 5 is 55% or more in 11 types of red and 11 types of blue.
- the average light transmittance T 2BC (OA) in the wavelength region outside the hue range of the specific color is 50% or less, and the 13 types are 30% or less.
- the former is 1.5 times or more and the latter is 0.55 times or less. From this, it can be seen that the color clear layer 5 transmits a large amount of light of a specific color, but absorbs light of a color other than the specific color well, thereby functioning advantageously in increasing the saturation. .
- the metallic base layer (1BC) 4 is different from the highlight reflectance R 1BC H (P) of the specific color and the shade reflectance R 1BC S (P) (R 1BC H (P) -R 1BC S (P) ) is 90% or more, and the face reflectance R 1BC F (P) is 30% or less. From this, in the metallic base layer 4, the intensity of the reflected light greatly changes depending on the observation angle, and the degree of change in the intensity of the reflected light when the observation angle changes between the highlight and the face is large (abrupt change). Therefore, it can be seen that the metallic base layer 4 functions advantageously in a sense of depth and denseness.
- the reflectance difference (R 1BC H (P) ⁇ R 1BC S (P) ) of the metallic base layer 4 is preferably 150% or more, and more preferably 170% or more. Further, the face reflectance R 1BC F (P) of the metallic base layer 4 is preferably 25% or less.
- the maximum highlight reflectance in the wavelength region outside the hue range of the specific color of the metallic base layer 4 is R 1BC H (O-MAX) , and the color clear at the wavelength of the maximum value is set.
- the value of the relational expression (5) with the light transmittance T 2BC (O-MAX) of the layer is less than 7.
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Abstract
Description
これは、特定色のハイライト反射率RH(P)が、その色相範囲外の波長域の平均ハイライト反射率RH(OA)よりも大きい、特に60倍を越えて大きいということであり、これにより、ハイライトで高彩度が得られるとともに、緻密感も良くなる。
これは、特定色のハイライト反射率RH(P)が色相範囲外の波長域の平均ハイライト反射率RH(OA)よりも60倍を越えて大きいことに加えて、特定色のハイライト反射率RH(P)とシェード反射率RS(P)との差(RH(P)-RS(P))が大きいということである。このハイライトとシェードの反射率差(RH(P)-RS(P))が大きいということは、塗膜表面を観察角度が変化していくときの明度及び彩度の変化が大きいということであり、これにより、深み感が得られる。よって、高彩度と緻密感と深み感とを同時に得ることができる。
これは、特定色のハイライト反射率RH(P)が色相範囲外の波長域の平均ハイライト反射率RH(OA)よりも60倍を越えて大きく、且つハイライトとシェードの反射率差(RH(P)-RS(P))が大きいことに加え、フェース反射率RF(P)が小さいということである。このフェース反射率RF(P)が小さいということは、観察角度が変化していくときの色調の変化度合いが大きい(急に変化する)ということであり、これにより、強い深み感が得られる。よって、高彩度と深み感と緻密感とを同時に得る上でさらに有利になる。
本発明の好ましい態様では、上記カラークリヤ層の上記特定色の光線透過率T2BC (P)が55%以上であり、上記色相範囲外の波長域の平均光線透過率T2BC (OA)が50%以下であることを特徴とする。本明細書において、「透過率」は、積分球を用いて測定した光線透過率(JIS R 3106「板ガラス類の透過率・反射率・日射熱取得率の試験方法」に記載の測定方法参照)のことである。
メタリックベース層の特定色のハイライトとシェードの反射率差(R1BC H(P)-R1BC S(P))が大きい(90%以上)ということは、メタリックベース層による反射光の強度が観察角度によって大きく変化するということであり、よって、強い深み感の実現に有利になる。また、メタリックベース層のフェース反射率R1BC F(P)が小さい(30%以下)ということは、観察角度が変化していくときの反射光の強度の変化度合いが大きい(急に変化する)ということであり、強い深み感の実現にさらに有利になる。
本発明は、上記積層塗膜2によってハイライトで高彩度・高明度を実現すること、緻密感を得ること、さらに深み感が出るようにする。そのための発色のメカニズムを、特定色として赤を発色させるケースで説明する。
上記発色メカニズムの考察から、特定色のハイライト、シェード及びフェースの反射率、並びに特定色及び特定色以外の色の光線透過率が、積層塗膜の明度・彩度・深み感に影響を与えていることがわかる。そこで、複数の積層塗膜サンプルを準備し、それらの反射率、光線透過率等を測定し、彩度、深み感、緻密感を評価した。
以下の各サンプルを準備した。
図1に示す塗膜構成において、鋼板1の表面のエポキシ系電着塗膜3上に、中塗り塗膜9(L*値:50)を重ね、この中塗り塗膜9の上に、メタリックベース層(1BC)4、カラークリヤ層(2BC)5及びトップクリヤ層6を順に積層してなる積層塗膜2を形成した。中塗り塗膜9にはポリエステル系溶剤型塗料を採用した。その膜厚は25μmである。
赤系No.1において、メタリックベース層4を形成する塗装条件を調節することにより光輝材7の配向性を変えた。これにより、メタリックベース層4のハイライト、シェード及びフェースの反射率が相異なる赤系No.2~No.10のサンプルを調製した。メタリックベース層4の塗料構成、並びにカラークリヤ層5、トップクリヤ層6及び中塗り塗膜9は赤系No.1と同じである。
これは、中塗り塗膜なしで、電着塗膜3の上にメタリックベース層(1BC)4、カラークリヤ層(2BC)5及びトップクリヤ層6を順に積層してなる積層塗膜2を形成したサンプルである。
鋼板の表面のエポキシ系電着塗膜上に、中塗り塗膜(L*値:30)を重ね、この中塗り塗膜の上に、メタリックベース層、カラークリヤ層を順に積層してなる積層塗膜(3コート1ベーク)を形成した。中塗り塗膜にはポリエステル系溶剤型塗料を採用した。その膜厚は25μmである。
中塗り層、メタリックベース層をNo.12と同様にして塗った後、クリヤ層、カラークリヤ層、トップクリヤ層を順に積層してなる積層塗膜(5コート2ベーク)を形成した。
図1に示す塗膜構成において、鋼板1の表面のエポキシ系電着塗膜3上に、中塗り塗膜9(L*値:30)を重ね、この中塗り塗膜9の上に、メタリックベース層(1BC)4、カラークリヤ層(2BC)5及びトップクリヤ層6を順に積層してなる積層塗膜2を形成した。中塗り塗膜9にはポリエステル系溶剤型塗料を採用した。その膜厚は25μmである。
図1に示す塗膜構成において、鋼板1の表面のエポキシ系電着塗膜3上に、中塗り塗膜9(L*値:10)を重ね、この中塗り塗膜9の上に、メタリックベース層(1BC)4、カラークリヤ層(2BC)5及びトップクリヤ層6を順に積層してなる積層塗膜2を形成した。中塗り塗膜9にはポリエステル系溶剤型塗料を採用した。その膜厚は25μmである。
塗色が異なる2種類の市販自動車に係るサンプル(レッドマイカ1及びレッドマイカ2)を準備した。
本出願人製造の塗色が相異なる市販自動車に係るサンプル10種類を準備した。
上記各サンプルについて、特定色のハイライト反射率RH(P)、シェード反射率RS(P)及びフェース反射率RF(P)、並びに特定色の色相範囲外の波長域の平均ハイライト反射率RH(OA)を測定した。また、各サンプルの彩度、深み及び緻密感を目視で評価した。反射率の測定には、村上色彩技術研究所製の変角分光光度計GCMS-4を用いた。また、後述の透過率の測定には、島津製作所製の紫外可視分光光度計UV-2450を用いた。測定波長範囲は400~700nmである。
○:「あざやかさを感じる。」
△:「僅かにあざやかさを感じる。」
×:「あざやかさを感じない。」
深み ◎:「非常に深みを感じる。」
○:「深みを感じる。」
△:「僅かに深みを感じる。」
×:「深みを感じない。」
緻密感 ◎:「粒子感を感じない。」
○:「僅かに粒子感を感じる。」
△:「粒子感を感じる。」
×:「非常に粒子感を感じる。」
[測定・評価結果]
上記色特性の測定・評価結果を表1及び表2に示す。また、赤系の一部のサンプルのハイライト、フェース及びシェードの各分光反射率曲線を図15、図16及び図17に示し、青系No.1のハイライト、フェース及びシェードの各分光反射率曲線を図18に示す。
これは、特定色以外の光のメタリックベース層4による反射が弱い、或いは特定色以外の光がカラークリヤ層5でよく吸収される、端的に言えば、積層塗膜から出る特定色以外の光量が少ないということであり、高彩度の実現に有利になっていることがわかる。
2 積層塗膜
3 電着塗膜
4 メタリックベース層(1BC)
5 カラークリヤ層(2BC)
6 トップクリヤ層
7 光輝材
8 顔料
9 中塗り塗膜
Claims (11)
- メタリックベース層とカラークリヤ層とによって特定色を出すようにした積層塗膜において、
光の入射角度が45度及び受光角度が+30度で測定した標準白色板に対する反射率をハイライト反射率と定義し、
上記特定色のハイライト反射率をRH(P)とし、上記特定色の色相をマンセル色相環の中央値としてマンセル色相環を百分割し左廻り+50、右廻り-50で色相範囲を表示したときの-25以上+25以下を特定色の色相範囲とし、この色相範囲外の波長域の平均ハイライト反射率をRH(OA)としたとき、当該積層塗膜が次式(1)を満足することを特徴とする。
(RH(P)/RH(OA)) >60 ……(1) - 請求項1において、
光の入射角度が45度及び受光角度が-30度で測定した標準白色板に対する反射率をシェード反射率と定義し、上記特定色のシェード反射率をRS(P)としたとき、当該積層塗膜が次式(2)を満足することを特徴とする。
(RH(P)/RH(OA))×(RH(P)-RS(P))×1/100>30 ……(2) - 請求項2において、
光の入射角度が45度及び受光角度が0度で測定した標準白色板に対する反射率をフェース反射率と定義し、上記特定色のフェース反射率をRF(P)としたとき、当該積層塗膜が次式(3)を満足することを特徴とする。
(RH(P)/RH(OA))×(RH(P)-RS(P))×(1/RF(P))×(1/100) ≧2 ……(3) - 請求項3において、当該積層塗膜が次式(4)を満足することを特徴とする。
(RH(P)/RH(OA))×(RH(P)-RS(P))×(1/RF(P))×(1/100) >8 ……(4) - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
上記カラークリヤ層の上記特定色の光線透過率T2BC (P)が55%以上であり、上記色相範囲外の波長域の平均光線透過率T2BC (OA)が50%以下であることを特徴とする積層塗膜。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
光の入射角度が45度及び受光角度が-30度で測定した標準白色板に対する反射率をシェード反射率と定義し、光の入射角度が45度及び受光角度が0度で測定した標準白色板に対する反射率をフェース反射率と定義し、
上記特定色のシェード反射率をRS(P)とし、該特定色のフェース反射率をRF(P)としたとき、
上記メタリックベース層は、ハイライト反射率R1BC H(P)とシェード反射率R1BC S(P)との差(R1BC H(P)-R1BC S(P))が90%以上であり、フェース反射率R1BC F(P)が30%以下であり、
上記メタリックベース層の上記色相範囲外の波長域のハイライト反射率の最大値をR1BC H(O-MAX)とし、該最大値の波長における上記カラークリヤ層の光線透過率T2BC (O-MAX)としたとき、次式(5)を満足することを特徴とする積層塗膜。
R1BC H(O-MAX)×(T2BC (O-MAX)/100)2<7 ……(5) - 請求項6において、
上記メタリックベース層の上記反射率差(R1BC H(P)-R1BC S(P))が150%以上であることを特徴とする積層塗膜。 - 請求項7において、
上記メタリックベース層の上記反射率差(R1BC H(P)-R1BC S(P))が170%以上であることを特徴とする積層塗膜。 - 請求項6乃至請求項8のいずれか一において、
上記メタリックベース層の上記フェース反射率R1BC F(P)が25%以下であることを特徴とする積層塗膜。 - 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一において、
上記カラークリヤ層の上にトップクリヤ層を備えていることを特徴とする積層塗膜。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一に記載された積層塗膜を備えている塗装物。
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Also Published As
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JP2014042892A (ja) | 2014-03-13 |
CN104540602A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
JP6255658B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
US10071396B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 |
RU2599305C1 (ru) | 2016-10-10 |
DE112013004240T5 (de) | 2015-10-08 |
MX370578B (es) | 2019-12-17 |
MX2015002424A (es) | 2015-06-10 |
US20150202655A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
CN104540602B (zh) | 2017-06-06 |
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