WO2013191137A1 - 高分子化合物、電荷輸送性ポリマー、有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、有機el表示装置及び有機el照明 - Google Patents
高分子化合物、電荷輸送性ポリマー、有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、有機el表示装置及び有機el照明 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013191137A1 WO2013191137A1 PCT/JP2013/066604 JP2013066604W WO2013191137A1 WO 2013191137 A1 WO2013191137 A1 WO 2013191137A1 JP 2013066604 W JP2013066604 W JP 2013066604W WO 2013191137 A1 WO2013191137 A1 WO 2013191137A1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical group C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 235
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 99
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 77
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 64
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 37
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
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- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- LNAMMBFJMYMQTO-FNEBRGMMSA-N chloroform;(1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].ClC(Cl)Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 LNAMMBFJMYMQTO-FNEBRGMMSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 9
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- VAIPJQIPFPRJKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(Br)=CC=2)C=C1 VAIPJQIPFPRJKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- CZCWHVDVMJTTNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-amine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2C(CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 CZCWHVDVMJTTNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 4
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHRLVEDGTMMMRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-[4-[2-[4-(4-bromophenyl)phenyl]-4-methylpentan-2-yl]phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(Br)=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(CC(C)C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 NHRLVEDGTMMMRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 3
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- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=NSC2=C1 CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMLPKJYZRQZLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZMLPKJYZRQZLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSIGJGFTADMDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 OSIGJGFTADMDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQJQYILBCQPYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-(4-bromophenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 HQJQYILBCQPYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLMBNEVGYRXFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C BLMBNEVGYRXFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical class [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006836 terphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer compound, in particular, a charge transporting polymer, and more particularly to a charge transporting polymer useful as a hole injection layer and a hole transporting layer of an organic electroluminescence device, and an organic electroluminescence device containing the charge transporting polymer.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use, and an organic EL display and organic EL lighting having the organic electroluminescent element.
- Examples of a method for forming an organic layer in an organic electroluminescent element include a vacuum deposition method and a wet film formation method. Since the vacuum deposition method is easy to stack, it has an advantage that the charge injection from the anode and / or the cathode is improved, and the exciton light-emitting layer is easily contained. On the other hand, the wet film formation method does not require a vacuum process, is easy to increase in area, and can be easily applied to a plurality of materials having various functions by using a coating liquid in which a plurality of materials having various functions are mixed. There is an advantage that a layer containing these materials can be formed.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose organic electroluminescent elements that contain a specific charge transporting polymer and are stacked by a wet film forming method. However, these devices have problems in that the driving voltage is high, the luminance is low, and the driving life is short.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by using a charge transporting polymer having a specific crosslinkable group at a specific position, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows. [1] A polymer compound having a group represented by the following formula (1) as a side chain bonded to a carbon atom.
- the benzocyclobutene ring in formula (1) may have a substituent.
- the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, n represents an integer of 1 to 6. Further, n Ar 1 s may be the same or different.
- the polymer compound according to [1], wherein the carbon atom to which the group represented by the formula (1) is bonded is a carbon atom that is the center of the sp3 hybrid orbital.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 20,000 or more and the dispersity (Mw / Mn) is 2.5 or less (where Mn represents the number average molecular weight), [1] to [4 ] The high molecular compound as described in any one of.
- the polymer compound according to [5] which has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 60,000 or more and a dispersity (Mw / Mn) of 2.0 or less.
- m represents an integer of 0 to 3
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 each independently represent a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- Ar 13 to Ar 15 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the m Ar 14s and Ar 15s may be the same or different from each other. However, Ar 11 and Ar 12 are not simultaneously a direct bond.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each independently represent a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- Ar 23 to Ar 27 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 may have a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituent.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a good aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituent is represented.
- the p Ar 27 s may be the same or different.
- the q pieces of Ar 2 4 and Ar 25 may be the same or different from each other. However, Ar 21 and Ar 22 are not simultaneously a direct bond.
- a composition for an organic electroluminescent device comprising the charge transporting polymer according to [10].
- An organic electroluminescent device having an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode on a substrate, The organic electroluminescent element in which this organic layer contains the layer formed with the wet film-forming method using the composition for organic electroluminescent elements as described in [11].
- a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and a light emitting layer are included between the anode and the cathode, and the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, and the light emitting layer are all formed by a wet film forming method.
- An organic EL illumination having the organic electroluminescent element as described in any one of [12] to [14].
- the polymer compound of the present invention has a crosslinking group that does not cause a trap, has a high hole transport ability, excellent solubility in an organic solvent, excellent film forming property and electrochemical stability, and has a small amount.
- the crosslinking group can make it hardly soluble in an organic solvent, and a crosslinking reaction initiator is not required when performing a crosslinking reaction.
- an element including a layer formed using the polymer compound may be a flat panel display (for example, for an OA computer or a wall-mounted television), a vehicle-mounted device. It can be applied to light sources (for example, light sources for copiers, back light sources for liquid crystal displays and instruments), display panels, and marker lamps that make use of the characteristics of display elements, mobile phone displays, and surface light emitters. Target value is great.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the description of the constituent elements described below is an example (representative example) of an embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention does not exceed the gist thereof. It is not specified in the contents.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is preferably used as a charge transporting polymer.
- embodiments of the charge transporting polymer and the organic electroluminescence device using the polymer will be described in detail.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention is a charge transporting polymer having a group represented by the following formula (1) as a side chain bonded to a carbon atom.
- the benzocyclobutene ring in the formula (1) may have a substituent.
- the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- Ar 1 has a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 6
- n Ar 1 are the same. But it may be different.
- a benzocyclobutene ring exists on a carbon atom in the main chain via 1 to 6 aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention has 1 to 6 aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups interposed between the main chain and the bridging group, so that the main chains are appropriately separated from each other. Aggregation or the like does not occur, and charge transfer between the crosslinked main chains is further promoted. Further, since the structure between the main chain and the cross-linking group is rigid, the heat resistance is also excellent.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention has a benzocyclobutene ring via a 1-6 aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group to a carbon atom that is the center of sp 3 hybrid orbital existing in the main chain. Is preferably present.
- the cross-linking group that is a side chain bonded to the carbon atom that is the center of the sp 3 hybrid orbital is unlikely to hinder charge transport.
- the network polymer obtained by crosslinking the conductive polymer and the charge transporting polymer further improves the charge transporting property.
- the crosslinking group in the charge transporting polymer is In order to react efficiently, even if the number of cross-linking groups is small or the conditions of the cross-linking reaction are mild, it can be hardly soluble in an organic solvent.
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent and an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, perylene ring, tetracene ring, pyrene ring, benzpyrene ring, chrysene ring, triphenylene ring, acenaphthene ring, fluoranthene ring, fluorene ring, and the like.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group include a furan ring, a benzofuran ring, a thiophene ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, an indole ring, a carbazole ring, a pyrroloimidazole ring, and a pyrrolopyrazole ring.
- Ar 1 is preferably a group derived from a ring selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, and a phenanthrene ring from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability and durability, that is, a group derived from a benzene ring, Most preferred is a phenylene group.
- the substituent that the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a group selected from the following substituent group Z, such as an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and an aromatic group. A hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group are preferable.
- Ar 1 has 3 or more carbon atoms, preferably 5 or more, more preferably 6 or more, and usually 36 or less, including substituents, from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability and durability. Preferably it is 24 or less, More preferably, it is 12 or less.
- Substituent group Z For example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, dodecyl group, etc.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom
- a siloxy such as a trimethylsilyl group or
- a cyano group For example, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having usually 6 or more carbon atoms, usually 36 or less, preferably 24 or less, such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group;
- an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 or more, preferably 4 or more, usually 36 or less, preferably 24 or less, such as thienyl group or pyridyl group.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms are preferable from the viewpoint of solubility.
- Each of the above substituents may further have a substituent, and examples thereof are selected from the groups exemplified in the section of the substituent group Z.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more and 6 or less. It is preferable that n is an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less from the viewpoint that the crosslinking reaction is likely to proceed and the main chain is not aggregated or separated too much after the crosslinking reaction and is excellent in charge transportability. Further, n Ar 1 s may be the same or different.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention preferably has an amine structure in the main chain, that is, has a nitrogen atom serving as the center of the sp 3 hybrid orbital in the main chain, from the viewpoint of excellent charge transporting property. Further, the charge transporting polymer of the present invention may contain a monovalent or divalent or higher group derived from a fluorene ring as a partial structure in terms of excellent solubility before cross-linking reaction in addition to excellent charge transportability. ,preferable.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention preferably has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20,000 or more from the viewpoint of excellent charge transporting property and easily insolubility in an organic solvent after the crosslinking reaction. More preferably, it is 000 or more.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention preferably has a dispersity (Mw / Mn) of 2.5 or less because it is excellent in charge transporting property and easily insoluble in an organic solvent after a crosslinking reaction. More preferably, it is 0.0 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Mw / Mn) are determined by SEC (size exclusion chromatography) measurement.
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- the elution time is shorter for higher molecular weight components and the elution time is longer for lower molecular weight components, but using the calibration curve calculated from the elution time of polystyrene (standard sample) with a known molecular weight, the elution time of the sample is changed to the molecular weight.
- the weight average molecular weight is calculated by conversion.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2) from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability and electrical durability.
- m represents an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 each independently represent a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- Ar 13 To Ar 15 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the m Ar 14s and Ar 15s may be the same or different from each other. However, Ar 11 and Ar 12 are not simultaneously a direct bond.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 are each independently a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocycle which may have a substituent.
- Ar 13 to Ar 15 independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- a group derived from a 6-membered monocyclic ring or a 2-5 condensed ring such as a ring, a fluoranthene ring, and a fluorene ring.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent include a furan ring, a benzofuran ring, a thiophene ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, an indole ring, and a carbazole ring.
- Ar 11 to Ar 15 are each independently composed of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a triphenylene ring, a pyrene ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, and a fluorene ring from the viewpoint of solubility in solvents and heat resistance.
- a group derived from a ring selected from the group is preferred.
- Ar 11 to Ar 15 a group in which one or two or more rings selected from the above group are connected by a direct bond is preferable, and a biphenyl group, a biphenylene group, a terphenyl group, and a terphenylene group are more preferable.
- Ar 11 to Ar 15 including substituents, usually have 3 or more carbon atoms, preferably 5 or more, more preferably 6 or more, and usually 72 or less, preferably 48 Hereinafter, it is more preferably 25 or less.
- M in Formula (2) represents an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less.
- M is preferably 0 from the viewpoint that the solubility of the crosslinkable polymer in an organic solvent and the film formability are improved.
- m is preferably 1 or more and 3 or less in that the hole transport ability of the polymer is improved.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) has two or more Ar 14 and Ar 15 .
- Ar 14 and Ar 15 may be the same or different.
- Ar 14 and Ar 15 may be bonded to each other directly or via a linking group to form a cyclic structure.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3) from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability and excellent electrical durability.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each independently represent a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- Ar 23 to Ar 27 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 may have a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituent.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a good aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituent is represented.
- the p Ar 27 s may be the same or different.
- the q pieces of Ar 2 4 and Ar 25 may be the same or different from each other. However, Ar 21 and Ar 22 are not simultaneously a direct bond.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 are each independently a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent. Represents a group, Ar 21 and Ar 22 are not simultaneously a direct bond.
- Ar 23 to Ar 26 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Specific examples and preferred examples of Ar 21 to Ar 26 are the same as those of Ar 11 to Ar 15 described above.
- Q in Formula (3) represents an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less. Q is preferably 0 in that the solubility of the crosslinkable polymer in an organic solvent and the film formability are improved. Moreover, it is preferable that q is 1 or more and 3 or less at the point which the hole transport ability of a polymer improves.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (3) has two or more Ar 24 and Ar 25 .
- Ar 24 and Ar 25 may be the same or different from each other.
- Ar 24 and Ar 25 may be bonded to each other directly or via a linking group to form a cyclic structure.
- Ar 27 , p] (Ar 27 ) p in the formula (3) is a group bonded to the carbon atom serving as the center of the sp 3 hybrid orbital and the benzocyclobutene ring, and is (Ar 1 ) n in the formula (1).
- Ar 27 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and p represents an integer of 0 or more and 6 or less. Further, the p Ar 27 s may be the same or different. Specific examples and preferred examples of Ar 27 are the same as those of Ar 1 described above.
- R 1 may have a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituent.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a good aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituent is represented.
- an alkyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability and a high solubility before the crosslinking reaction.
- alkyl group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, dodecyl.
- a group such as a group usually having 1 or more carbon atoms and usually 24 or less, preferably 12 or less is preferred, and an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group usually has 1 or more carbon atoms and usually 24
- a group that is preferably 12 or less is preferable.
- substituent examples include a group selected from the aforementioned substituent group Z, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group are preferable.
- the number of groups represented by the formula (1) of the charge transporting polymer of the present invention is represented by the number per 1000 molecular weight.
- the number of groups represented by the formula (1) per 1000 molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer is determined from the molar ratio of charged monomers at the time of synthesis and the structural formula, excluding the terminal group from the charge transporting polymer. Can be calculated.
- the charge transporting polymer (H1) used in Example 1 described later will be described.
- the molecular weight excluding the end groups is 589.94
- the number of groups represented by the formula (1) is 0.05 on average per molecule.
- the number of groups represented by the formula (1) per 1000 molecular weight is calculated as 0.085.
- the number of groups represented by the formula (1) of the charge transporting polymer of the present invention is usually 3.0 or less, preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.0 or less, per 1000 molecular weight. Moreover, it is 0.01 or more normally, Preferably it is 0.05 or more.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention can be synthesized by selecting a raw material according to the structure of the target compound and using a known method.
- a known coupling method can be applied. For example, it is synthesized by the Suzuki reaction as shown in the following formula.
- G represents a group that reacts during polymerization
- BR 2 represents a boronic acid group or a boronic ester group.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom and a carbon that may have a substituent.
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- n represents an integer of 1 to 6.
- the n Ar 1 may be the same or different.
- the production method of the polymer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary as long as the polymer of the present invention is obtained.
- it can be produced by a polymerization method using a Suzuki reaction, a polymerization method using a Grignard reaction, a polymerization method using a Yamamoto reaction, a polymerization method using an Ullmann reaction, a polymerization method using a Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, or the like.
- aryl halides represented by the formulas (1a) and (2a) (X represents a halogen atom such as I, Br, Cl, and F). ) And the primary aminoaryl or secondary diaminoaryl represented by the formula (3a) are reacted to synthesize the polymer of the present invention.
- Ar 11 is an aromatic group which may have a direct bond or a substituent.
- Ar 13 to Ar 15 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituent which may have a substituent.
- Ar 21 represents an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a direct bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Ar 26 and Ar 27 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- R 1 represents A hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted carbon atom 1 24 alkoxy group, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituent.
- p pieces of Ar 27 may be the same, or different (The m Ar 14 s and Ar 15 s may be the same or different from each other.)
- the reaction for forming an N-aryl bond is usually carried out in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, tert-butoxy sodium, triethylamine or the like. Moreover, it can also carry out in presence of transition metal catalysts, such as copper, nickel, palladium, for example.
- a base such as potassium carbonate, tert-butoxy sodium, triethylamine or the like.
- transition metal catalysts such as copper, nickel, palladium, for example.
- the transition metal catalyst it is preferable to use a palladium compound and a phosphine ligand.
- the palladium compound is preferably palladium chloride, palladium acetate, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium chloroform complex, and the phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, Di-tert-butylphenylphosphine, di-tert-butyl (4-dimethylaminophenyl) phosphine, and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl are preferred.
- a boron derivative represented by formulas (1b) and (2b) (BR 2 represents a boronic acid group or a boronic ester group) and a formula (2c)
- the polymer of the present invention is synthesized by reacting an aryl dihalide (X represents a halogen atom such as I, Br, Cl, or F).
- BR 2 represents a boronic acid group or a boronic acid ester group
- X represents a halogen atom
- m represents an integer of 0 to 3
- p represents an integer of 1 to 6.
- Ar 12 to Ar 15 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- Ar 21 , Ar 27 , Ar 31 to Ar 33 Each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- R 1 has a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- p number of Ar 27 may be the same, or better .m pieces be different Ar 14 and between a 15 each other, respectively, may be the same or different.
- the reaction step between the boron derivative and the dihalide is usually carried out in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, tert-butoxy sodium, triethylamine or the like. Moreover, it can also carry out in presence of transition metal catalysts, such as copper and a palladium complex, as needed. Furthermore, the reaction step with a boron derivative can be performed in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, tert-butoxy sodium, triethylamine, and a transition metal catalyst such as a palladium complex.
- the charge transporting polymer of the present invention may be a polymerization method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-223084, a polymerization method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-213002, Japan A polymerization method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-2740, radical polymerization of a compound having an unsaturated double bond, and sequential polymerization by a reaction forming an ester bond or an amide bond can be used.
- a known coupling reaction can be used.
- a known coupling method specifically, “Palladium inheterocyclic Chemistry: A guide for the Synthetic Chemist” (second edition, 2002, Jie Jack Li and Gordon W. Gribble, Pergamon) Described or cited in “Development of organic synthesis: its various reaction forms and latest results” (1997, Junjiro, Kagaku Dojinsha), “Bolhard Shore Modern Organic Chemistry” (2004, KPCVollhardt, Kagaku Dojinsha) It is possible to use a coupling reaction between rings such as a coupling reaction between an aryl halide and an aryl borate.
- the group represented by the formula (1) is previously bonded to a monomer that is a raw material of the charge transporting polymer of the present invention, and polymerized to form a charge transporting property of the present invention.
- a polymer may be obtained, or a group represented by the formula (1) may be bonded to a desired portion after the portion corresponding to the main chain of the charge transporting polymer of the present invention is synthesized.
- Methods for purifying compounds include “Separation and Purification Technology Handbook” (1993, edited by The Chemical Society of Japan), “Advanced separation of trace components and difficult-to-purify substances by chemical conversion methods” (1988, IP Corporation).
- Product confirmation and purity analysis methods include gas chromatograph (GC), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), high speed amino acid analyzer (organic compound), capillary electrophoresis measurement (CE), size exclusion chromatograph (SEC). , Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), cross-fractionation chromatography (CFC), mass spectrometry (MS, LC / MS, GC / MS, MS / MS), nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (NMR (1HNMR, 13CNMR)), Fourier transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), UV-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (UV.VIS, NIR), electron spin resonance apparatus (ESR), transmission electron microscope (TEM-EDX), electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), Metal element analysis (ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) atomic absorption) Analysis (AAS), fluorescent X-ray analyzer (XRF)), nonmetal element analysis, trace analysis (ICP-MS
- the composition for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention is a composition comprising the charge transporting polymer of the present invention and a solvent.
- the composition for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is usually used as a coating liquid in forming an organic layer by a wet film forming method in an organic electroluminescent device having an organic layer disposed between an anode and a cathode. It is done. It is preferable that the composition for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention is used for forming a hole injection layer and / or a hole transport layer in the organic layer.
- the layer in contact with the anode is The “hole injection layer” and the other layers are collectively referred to as “hole transport layer”.
- layers provided between the anode and the light emitting layer may be collectively referred to as “hole injection / transport layer”.
- the solvent is preferably a solvent that dissolves the charge transporting polymer of the present invention.
- the polymer compound is dissolved at room temperature by 0.05 wt% or more, preferably 0.5 wt% or more, more preferably 1 wt% or more. Solvent.
- the composition for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention is used to form a hole injection layer, it is preferable to further contain an electron-accepting compound from the viewpoint of reducing the resistance value of the formed layer.
- the electron-accepting compound a compound having an oxidizing power and an ability to accept one electron from the above-described hole-transporting compound is preferable. Specifically, a compound with an electron affinity of 4 eV or more is preferable, and a compound with a compound of 5 eV or more is more preferable.
- the electron-accepting compound include onium salts substituted with an organic group such as 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate (WO 2005/089024), iron chloride ( III) (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
- high-valent inorganic compounds such as ammonium peroxodisulfate, cyano compounds such as tetracyanoethylene, tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-31365) Aromatic boron compounds, fullerene derivatives, iodine and the like.
- an onium salt substituted with an organic group, a high-valence inorganic compound, and the like are preferable because they have strong oxidizing power.
- an onium salt substituted with an organic group, a cyano compound, an aromatic boron compound, or the like is preferable because it is highly soluble in various solvents and can be applied to form a film by a wet film formation method.
- the solvent contained in the composition for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention is not particularly limited, but since it is necessary to dissolve the polymer of the present invention, for example, ether solvents, ester solvents, Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and amide solvents are preferred.
- ether solvents include aliphatic ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and anisole. , Aromatic ethers such as phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole and 2,4-dimethylanisole.
- aliphatic ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and anisole.
- Aromatic ethers such as phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-
- ester solvent examples include aromatic esters such as phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, and n-butyl benzoate.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvent examples include toluene, xylene, cyclohexylbenzene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, methylnaphthalene and the like. It is done.
- amide solvent examples include N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
- dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can also be used.
- concentration of these solvents in the composition is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more.
- the heating method is not particularly limited, but the conditions for heat drying are usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and usually 400 ° C. or lower, preferably 350 ° C. or lower, more preferably. Heats the layer formed using the composition for organic electroluminescent elements to 300 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time is usually 1 minute or longer, preferably 24 hours or shorter.
- the substrate serves as a support for the organic electroluminescent element, and usually a quartz or glass plate, a metal plate or a metal foil, a plastic film or a sheet is used. Of these, glass plates and transparent synthetic resin plates such as polyester, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, and polysulfone are preferable.
- the substrate is preferably made of a material having a high gas barrier property since the organic electroluminescence device is hardly deteriorated by the outside air. For this reason, in particular, when a material having a low gas barrier property such as a synthetic resin substrate is used, it is preferable to provide a dense silicon oxide film on at least one surface of the substrate to lower the gas barrier property.
- the anode has a function of injecting holes into the layer on the light emitting layer side.
- the anode is usually a metal such as aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, palladium, or platinum; a metal oxide such as an oxide of indium and / or tin; a metal halide such as copper iodide; a carbon black and a poly (3- Methylthiophene), polypyrrole, polyaniline and other conductive polymers.
- the anode is often formed by a dry method such as a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method.
- an appropriate binder resin solution is used. It can also be formed by dispersing and coating on a substrate.
- a conductive polymer a thin film can be directly formed on a substrate by electrolytic polymerization, or an anode can be formed by applying a conductive polymer on a substrate (Appl. Phys. Lett., 60). Volume, 2711, 1992).
- the anode usually has a single layer structure, but may have a laminated structure as appropriate.
- different conductive materials may be laminated on the first anode.
- the thickness of the anode may be determined according to required transparency and material. In particular, when high transparency is required, a thickness at which visible light transmittance is 60% or more is preferable, and a thickness at which 80% or more is more preferable.
- the thickness of the anode is usually 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and is usually 1000 nm or less, preferably 500 nm or less.
- the thickness of the anode may be set arbitrarily according to the required strength, and in this case, the anode may have the same thickness as the substrate.
- impurities such as ultraviolet light + ozone, oxygen plasma, and argon plasma are applied to remove impurities on the anode and adjust the ionization potential to make it positive. It is preferable to improve the hole injection property.
- the hole injection layer is preferably used in terms of enhancing the function of transporting holes from the anode to the light emitting layer side.
- the hole injection layer is usually formed on the anode.
- the thickness of the hole injection layer is usually 1 nm or more, preferably 5 nm or more, and usually 1000 nm or less, preferably 500 nm or less.
- the formation method of the hole injection layer may be a vacuum deposition method or a wet film formation method. In terms of excellent film forming properties, it is preferable to form the film by a wet film forming method.
- the hole injection layer preferably contains a hole transporting compound, and more preferably contains a hole transporting compound and an electron accepting compound. Further, the hole injection layer preferably contains a cation radical compound, and particularly preferably contains a cation radical compound and a hole transporting compound.
- the composition for forming a hole injection layer usually contains a hole transporting compound that becomes a hole injection layer. In the case of a wet film forming method, a solvent is usually further contained. It is preferable that the composition for forming a hole injection layer has high hole transportability and can efficiently transport injected holes. For this reason, it is preferable that the hole mobility is high and impurities that become traps are less likely to be generated during production or use. Moreover, it is preferable that it is excellent in stability, has a small ionization potential, and has high transparency to visible light. In particular, when the hole injection layer is in contact with the light emitting layer, those that do not quench the light emitted from the light emitting layer or those that form an exciplex with the light emitting layer and do not decrease the light emission efficiency are preferable.
- the hole transporting compound is preferably a compound having an ionization potential of 4.5 eV to 6.0 eV from the viewpoint of a charge injection barrier from the anode to the hole injection layer.
- hole transporting compounds include aromatic amine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, porphyrin compounds, oligothiophene compounds, polythiophene compounds, benzylphenyl compounds, compounds in which tertiary amines are linked by a fluorene group, hydrazones Compound, silazane compound compound, quinacridone compound and the like.
- an aromatic amine compound is preferable and an aromatic tertiary amine compound is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of amorphousness and visible light transmittance.
- the aromatic tertiary amine compound is a compound having an aromatic tertiary amine structure, and includes a compound having a group derived from an aromatic tertiary amine.
- the type of the aromatic tertiary amine compound is not particularly limited, but is a polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less (a polymerizable compound in which repeating units are linked) from the viewpoint of easily obtaining uniform light emission due to the surface smoothing effect. ) Is preferably used.
- the charge transporting polymer described in the present invention it is preferable to use the charge transporting polymer described in the present invention.
- the aromatic tertiary amine compound include a polymer compound having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (I).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Ar 3 to Ar 5 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Ar 6 to Ar 16 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group and aromatic heterocyclic group of Ar 1 to Ar 16 include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and a thiophene ring from the viewpoint of the solubility, heat resistance, and hole injection / transport properties of the polymer compound.
- a group derived from a pyridine ring is preferred, and a group derived from a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring is more preferred.
- Specific examples of the aromatic tertiary amine compound having a repeating unit represented by the formula (I) include those described in International Publication No. 2005/089024.
- the hole injection layer preferably contains an electron accepting compound because the conductivity of the hole injection layer can be improved by oxidation of the hole transporting compound.
- Examples of the electron-accepting compound are as described above in ⁇ Composition for organic electroluminescence device>.
- cation radical compound an ionic compound composed of a cation radical which is a chemical species obtained by removing one electron from a hole transporting compound and a counter anion is preferable.
- the cation radical is derived from a hole transporting polymer compound, the cation radical has a structure in which one electron is removed from the repeating unit of the polymer compound.
- the cation radical is preferably a chemical species obtained by removing one electron from the compound described above as the hole transporting compound.
- a chemical species obtained by removing one electron from a compound preferable as a hole transporting compound is preferable in terms of amorphousness, visible light transmittance, heat resistance, solubility, and the like.
- the cation radical compound can be generated by mixing the hole transporting compound and the electron accepting compound. That is, by mixing the hole transporting compound and the electron accepting compound, electron transfer occurs from the hole transporting compound to the electron accepting compound, and the cation radical and the counter anion of the hole transporting compound A cation ion compound consisting of
- Oxidative polymerization here refers to oxidation of a monomer chemically or electrochemically with peroxodisulfate in an acidic solution.
- the monomer is polymerized by oxidation, and a cation radical that is removed from the polymer repeating unit by using an anion derived from an acidic solution as a counter anion is removed.
- a composition for forming a film is usually prepared by mixing a material for the hole injection layer with a soluble solvent (a solvent for a hole injection layer). Layer formation composition), and this hole injection layer formation composition is applied onto a layer corresponding to the lower layer of the hole injection layer (usually an anode), formed into a film, and dried.
- a composition for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention is preferable to use as a composition for forming a hole injection layer.
- the concentration of the hole transporting compound in the composition for forming a hole injection layer is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but in terms of film thickness uniformity, the lower one is preferable. From the viewpoint that defects are less likely to occur in the hole injection layer, a higher value is preferable. Specifically, it is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or more, and on the other hand, 70% by weight. It is preferably not more than 60% by weight, more preferably not more than 60% by weight, particularly preferably not more than 50% by weight.
- the formation of the hole injection layer by a wet film-forming method is usually performed by preparing a composition for forming a hole injection layer and coating it on a layer corresponding to the lower layer of the hole injection layer (usually an anode). This is done by filming and drying. In general, the hole injection layer is dried by heating, drying under reduced pressure, or the like after film formation.
- a hole injection layer is formed on the anode on the substrate placed facing the crucible.
- the hole injection layer can be formed by putting the mixture in a crucible and heating and evaporating the mixture.
- the degree of vacuum at the time of vapor deposition is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr (0.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) or more and 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr ( 12.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) or less.
- the deposition rate is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.1 A / second or more and 5.0 A / second or less.
- the film forming temperature at the time of vapor deposition is not limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but it is preferably performed at 10 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower.
- the hole injection layer may be cross-linked in the same manner as the hole transport layer described later.
- the hole transport layer is a layer having a function of transporting holes from the anode side to the light emitting layer side.
- the hole transport layer is not an essential layer in the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, but it is preferable to use this layer in terms of enhancing the function of transporting holes from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- the hole transport layer is usually formed between the anode and the light emitting layer.
- the above-mentioned hole injection layer it forms between a hole injection layer and a light emitting layer.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is usually 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and is usually 300 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the formation method of the hole transport layer may be a vacuum deposition method or a wet film formation method. In terms of excellent film forming properties, it is preferable to form the film by a wet film forming method.
- the hole transport layer usually contains a hole transport compound that becomes the hole transport layer.
- tertiary amines represented by 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl Aromatic diamine (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-23481), 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris (1-naphthylphenylamino) triphenyl having two or more condensed aromatic rings substituted with nitrogen atoms
- Aromatic amine compounds having a starburst structure such as amines (J. Lumin., 72-74, 985, 1997), aromatic amine compounds consisting of tetramers of triphenylamine (Chem.
- the hole transport layer is preferably an aromatic amine compound and preferably an aromatic tertiary amine compound from the viewpoints of amorphousness and visible light transmission.
- the aromatic tertiary amine compound is a compound having an aromatic tertiary amine structure, and includes a compound having a group derived from an aromatic tertiary amine.
- the type of the aromatic tertiary amine compound is not particularly limited, but is a polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000 (polymerization compound in which repeating units are linked) from the viewpoint of easily obtaining uniform light emission due to the surface smoothing effect. Is preferably used. Among these, it is preferable to use the charge transporting polymer described in the present invention.
- the composition for forming a hole transport layer usually further contains a solvent.
- the solvent used in the composition for forming a hole transport layer the same solvent as the solvent used in the composition for forming a hole injection layer can be used.
- the concentration of the hole transporting compound in the composition for forming a hole transport layer can be in the same range as the concentration of the hole transporting compound in the composition for forming a hole injection layer. Formation of the hole transport layer by a wet film formation method can be performed in the same manner as the hole injection layer film formation method described above.
- the hole transport layer is usually used instead of the hole injection layer forming composition in the same manner as in the case of forming the hole injection layer by the vacuum deposition method. It can form using the composition for layer formation.
- the film formation conditions such as the degree of vacuum at the time of vapor deposition, the vapor deposition rate, and the temperature can be formed under the same conditions as those for the vacuum vapor deposition of the hole injection layer.
- the light-emitting layer is a layer that has a function of emitting light when excited by recombination of holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode when an electric field is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- the light emitting layer is a layer formed between the anode and the cathode.
- the hole injection layer is on the anode, the light emitting layer is formed between the hole injection layer and the cathode and on the anode.
- there is a hole transport layer it is formed between the hole transport layer and the cathode.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. However, a thicker layer is preferable from the viewpoint that defects are unlikely to occur in the film, and a thinner layer is preferable from the viewpoint that a low driving voltage is easily obtained. For this reason, it is preferably 3 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and on the other hand, it is usually preferably 200 nm or less, and more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the light emitting layer contains at least a material having a light emitting property (light emitting material) and preferably contains a material having a charge transporting property (charge transporting material).
- the light emitting material emits light at a desired light emission wavelength, and is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and a known light emitting material can be applied.
- the light emitting material may be a fluorescent light emitting material or a phosphorescent light emitting material, but a material having good light emission efficiency is preferred, and a phosphorescent light emitting material is preferred from the viewpoint of internal quantum efficiency.
- Examples of the fluorescent light emitting material include the following materials.
- fluorescent light emitting material that gives blue light emission examples include naphthalene, perylene, pyrene, anthracene, coumarin, chrysene, p-bis (2-phenylethenyl) benzene, and derivatives thereof.
- fluorescent light emitting material that gives green light emission examples include quinacridone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, aluminum complexes such as Al (C 9 H 6 NO) 3, and the like.
- fluorescent light-emitting material that gives yellow light
- examples of fluorescent light-emitting materials include rubrene and perimidone derivatives.
- fluorescent light-emitting materials red fluorescent light-emitting materials
- DCM dimethyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran
- benzopyran derivatives rhodamine derivatives.
- Benzothioxanthene derivatives azabenzothioxanthene and the like.
- the phosphorescent material for example, the seventh to eleventh parts of a long-period type periodic table (hereinafter referred to as a long-period type periodic table unless otherwise specified).
- organometallic complexes containing a metal selected from the group include ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.
- a ligand in which a (hetero) aryl group such as a (hetero) arylpyridine ligand or (hetero) arylpyrazole ligand and a pyridine, pyrazole, phenanthroline, or the like is connected is preferable.
- a phenylpyridine ligand and a phenylpyrazole ligand are preferable.
- (hetero) aryl represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- Specific preferred phosphorescent materials include, for example, tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium, tris (2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium, tris (2-phenylpyridine) palladium, bis (2-phenylpyridine) platinum, tris
- Examples thereof include phenylpyridine complexes such as (2-phenylpyridine) osmium and tris (2-phenylpyridine) rhenium, and porphyrin complexes such as octaethylplatinum porphyrin, octaphenylplatinum porphyrin, octaethylpalladium porphyrin, and octaphenylpalladium porphyrin.
- Polymeric light-emitting materials include poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl), poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (4,4′- (N- (4-sec-butylphenyl)) diphenylamine)], poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (1,4-benzo-2 ⁇ 2,1'-3 ⁇ -Triazole)] and polyphenylene vinylene materials such as poly [2-methoxy-5- (2-hexylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene].
- the charge transport material is a material having a positive charge (hole) or negative charge (electron) transport property, and is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and a known light emitting material can be applied.
- a compound conventionally used for a light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence device can be used, and a compound used as a host material for the light emitting layer is particularly preferable.
- charge transporting materials include aromatic amine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, porphyrin compounds, oligothiophene compounds, polythiophene compounds, benzylphenyl compounds, and compounds in which tertiary amines are linked by a fluorene group. , Hydrazone compounds, silazane compounds, silanamin compounds, phosphamine compounds, quinacridone compounds, and the like as examples of hole transporting compounds in the hole injection layer, anthracene compounds, pyrene compounds, Examples thereof include electron transporting compounds such as carbazole compounds, pyridine compounds, phenanthroline compounds, oxadiazole compounds and silole compounds.
- two or more condensed aromatic rings including two or more tertiary amines represented by 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl have nitrogen atoms.
- Aromatic amine compounds having a starburst structure such as aromatic diamines substituted with (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-234681), 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris (1-naphthylphenylamino) triphenylamine, etc. J. Lumin., 72-74, 985, 1997), an aromatic amine compound comprising a tetramer of triphenylamine (Chem.
- Phenanthro such as silole compounds, bathophenanthroline (BPhen), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP, bathocuproine) Emissions-based compounds may be mentioned.
- BPhen bathophenanthroline
- BCP 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- BCP bathocuproine
- the method for forming the light emitting layer may be a vacuum deposition method or a wet film formation method, but a wet film formation method is preferable and a spin coating method and an ink jet method are more preferable because of excellent film forming properties.
- the light emitting layer is usually used instead of the hole injection layer forming composition in the same manner as in the case of forming the hole injection layer by the wet film forming method.
- the resulting material is formed using a composition for forming a light emitting layer prepared by mixing a soluble solvent (solvent for the light emitting layer).
- the solvent examples include, for example, ether solvents, ester solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, amide solvents, alkane solvents, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, aliphatic solvents, and the like mentioned for the formation of the hole injection layer.
- examples thereof include alcohol solvents, alicyclic alcohol solvents, aliphatic ketone solvents, and alicyclic ketone solvents.
- aliphatic ether solvents such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA); 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2 -Aromatic ether solvents such as methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2,4-dimethylanisole, diphenyl ether; phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, benzoic acid Aromatic ester solvents such as ethyl, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, n-butyl benzoate; toluene, xylene, methicylene, cyclohexylbenzene, tetralin, 3-ilopropylb
- a hole blocking layer may be provided between the light emitting layer and an electron injection layer described later.
- the hole blocking layer is a layer stacked on the light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the cathode side interface of the light emitting layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a role of blocking holes moving from the anode from reaching the cathode and a role of efficiently transporting electrons injected from the cathode toward the light emitting layer.
- the physical properties required for the material constituting the hole blocking layer include high electron mobility, low hole mobility, large energy gap (difference between HOMO and LUMO), and excited triplet level (T1). It is expensive.
- Examples of the hole blocking layer material satisfying such conditions include bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (phenolato) aluminum, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (triphenylsilanolato) aluminum, and the like.
- Mixed ligand complexes of, such as metal complexes such as bis (2-methyl-8-quinolato) aluminum- ⁇ -oxo-bis- (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) aluminum binuclear metal complexes, distyryl biphenyl derivatives, etc.
- Triazole derivatives such as styryl compounds (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- a hole-blocking layer there is no restriction
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer is arbitrary as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.3 nm or more, preferably 0.5 nm or more, and is usually 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less. .
- the electron transport layer is provided between the light emitting layer and the electron injection layer for the purpose of further improving the current efficiency of the device.
- the electron transport layer is formed of a compound capable of efficiently transporting electrons injected from the cathode between the electrodes to which an electric field is applied in the direction of the light emitting layer.
- the electron transporting compound used in the electron transporting layer is a compound that has high electron injection efficiency from the cathode or the electron injection layer and has high electron mobility and can efficiently transport injected electrons. It is necessary.
- the electron transporting compound used for the electron transporting layer is usually preferably a compound that has high electron injection efficiency from the cathode or the electron injection layer and can efficiently transport the injected electrons.
- the electron transporting compound include metal complexes such as an aluminum complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-194393), a metal complex of 10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinoline, Oxadiazole derivatives, distyrylbiphenyl derivatives, silole derivatives, 3-hydroxyflavone metal complexes, 5-hydroxyflavone metal complexes, benzoxazole metal complexes, benzothiazole metal complexes, trisbenzimidazolylbenzene (US Pat. No.
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is usually 1 nm or more, preferably 5 nm or more, and is usually 300 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the electron transport layer is formed by laminating on the hole blocking layer by a wet film formation method or a vacuum deposition method in the same manner as described above. Usually, a vacuum deposition method is used.
- the electron injection layer plays a role of efficiently injecting electrons injected from the cathode into the electron transport layer or the light emitting layer.
- the material for forming the electron injection layer is preferably a metal having a low work function. Examples include alkali metals such as sodium and cesium, and alkaline earth metals such as barium and calcium.
- the film thickness is usually preferably from 0.1 nm to 5 nm.
- an organic electron transport material represented by a metal complex such as a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as bathophenanthroline or an aluminum complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline is doped with an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, cesium, lithium, rubidium ( (Described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-270171, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-1000047, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-1000048, etc.), which improves electron injection / transport properties and achieves excellent film quality. It is preferable because it becomes possible.
- the film thickness is usually in the range of 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and usually 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the electron injection layer is formed by laminating on the light emitting layer or the hole blocking layer thereon by a wet film formation method or a vacuum deposition method. The details in the case of the wet film forming method are the same as those in the case of the light emitting layer described above.
- the cathode plays a role of injecting electrons into a layer on the light emitting layer side (such as an electron injection layer or a light emitting layer).
- a metal having a low work function for efficient electron injection for example, tin, magnesium, indium
- metals such as calcium, aluminum, and silver, or alloys thereof are used.
- Specific examples include low work function alloy electrodes such as magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, and aluminum-lithium alloy.
- a cathode made of a metal having a low work function by laminating a metal layer having a high work function and stable to the atmosphere on the cathode.
- the metal to be laminated include metals such as aluminum, silver, copper, nickel, chromium, gold, and platinum.
- the thickness of the cathode is usually the same as that of the anode.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention may further have other layers as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. That is, any other layer described above may be provided between the anode and the cathode.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention When the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is applied to an organic electroluminescent device, it may be used as a single organic electroluminescent element, or may be used in a configuration in which a plurality of organic electroluminescent elements are arranged in an array, The anode and the cathode may be used in a configuration in which they are arranged in an XY matrix.
- Organic EL display device of the present invention uses the above-described organic electroluminescent element of the present invention.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention can be obtained by the method described in “Organic EL display” (Ohm, published on Aug. 20, 2004, Shizushi Tokito, Chiba Adachi, Hideyuki Murata). Can be formed.
- the organic EL illumination of the present invention uses the above-described organic electroluminescent element of the present invention.
- Tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.405 g, 2.00 mmol) was added to a 20 ml toluene solution of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium chloroform complex (0.259 g, 0.25 mmol) and heated to 60 ° C. ( Solution B).
- Solution B was added to solution A in a nitrogen stream and heated to reflux for 2.0 hours.
- 2,2-bis [4- (4-bromophenyl) phenyl] -4-methylpentane (5.60 g, 8.56 mmol) and compound 6 (1.04 g, 1.55 mmol) were additionally added.
- the reaction solution was allowed to cool, and the reaction solution was dropped into 1200 ml of ethanol to crystallize crude polymer 1.
- 4,4 ′′ -dibromo-p-terphenyl, 2 After confirming the disappearance of amino-9,9-dihexylfluorene, 4,4 ′′ -dibromo-p-terphenyl (7.160 g, 18.4499 mmol) and compound 6 (1.259 g, 1.8784 mmol) were added. After heating under reflux for 1.0 hour, the reaction solution was allowed to cool, and the reaction solution was dropped into 3000 ml of ethanol to crystallize crude polymer 2.
- Tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.13 g, 0.64 mmol) was added to a 4 ml toluene solution of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium chloroform complex (0.083 g, 0.080 mmol) and heated to 60 ° C. ( Solution B).
- Solution B was added to solution A in a nitrogen stream and heated to reflux for 2.0 hours.
- 4,4'-Dibromobiphenyl (1.00 g, 3.20 mmol) and compound 9 (0.166 g, 0.400 mmol) were additionally added. After heating under reflux for 1.0 hour, the reaction solution was allowed to cool, and the reaction solution was dropped into 300 ml of ethanol to crystallize the crude polymer 4.
- An organic electroluminescence device having a layer structure of (anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron injection layer / cathode) was produced by the following method.
- An anode is formed by patterning an indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive film on a glass substrate with a thickness of 70 nm (sputtered film, sheet resistance 15 ⁇ ) into a 2 mm-wide stripe by ordinary photolithography technology did.
- the patterned ITO substrate was cleaned in the order of ultrasonic cleaning with acetone, water with pure water, and ultrasonic cleaning with isopropyl alcohol, dried with nitrogen blow, and finally subjected to ultraviolet ozone cleaning.
- H1 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and ethyl benzoate
- This coating solution was formed by spin coating on the anode under the following conditions to obtain a hole injection layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
- the polymer represented by the structural formula (H1) was synthesized by the method described in International Publication No. 2009/123269.
- ⁇ Coating liquid for hole transport layer formation Solvent Cyclohexylbenzene Coating solution concentration 1.0% by weight
- Hole transport layer deposition conditions Spinner rotation time 30 seconds Spin coating atmosphere In nitrogen Heating condition 230 ° C., 1 hour Subsequently, a light emitting layer forming coating containing a compound represented by the following formula (M1), a compound represented by (M2), and a compound represented by (M3) A liquid was prepared and formed by spin coating under the following conditions to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 15 nm.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) as an electron injection layer has a thickness of 0.5 nm
- aluminum as a cathode has a thickness of 80 nm.
- LiF lithium fluoride
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Abstract
Description
そこで、湿式成膜法による積層化を行うために、架橋性基を有する電荷輸送性ポリマーが所望され、またその開発が行われている。例えば、特許文献1~4には、特定の電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有し、湿式成膜法によって、積層化された有機電界発光素子が開示されている。
しかしながら、これらの素子は、駆動電圧が高く、輝度が低く、駆動寿命が短いという問題点があった。
また本発明は、駆動電圧が低く、輝度が低く、また駆動寿命が長い有機電界発光素子を提供することを課題とする。
即ち、本発明は、以下に存する。
[1]炭素原子に結合する側鎖として、下記式(1)で表される基を有する、高分子化合物。
Ar1は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、
nは1~6の整数を表す。
また、n個のAr1は、同じでもよく、また異なっていてもよい。)
[3] 主鎖にsp3混成軌道の中心となる窒素原子を有する、[1]又は[2]に記載の高分子化合物。
[4] 部分構造としてフルオレン環由来の1価又は2価以上の基を含む、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
[5] 重量平均分子量(Mw)が20,000以上であり、分散度(Mw/Mn)が2.5以下である(但し、Mnは数平均分子量を表す。)、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
[6] 重量平均分子量(Mw)が60,000以上であり、分散度(Mw/Mn)が2.0以下である、[5]に記載の高分子化合物。
[7] 下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
Ar11、及びAr12は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、
Ar13~Ar15は、各々独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
m個のAr14同士及びAr15同士は、各々、同じでもよく、異なっていてもよい。
但し、Ar11及びAr12が同時に、直接結合であることはない。)
Ar21及びAr22は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、
Ar23~Ar27は、各々独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
R1は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルコキシ基、置換基を有してもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有してもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
また、p個のAr27は、同じでもよく、また異なっていてもよい。
q個のAr24同士及びAr25同士は、各々、同じでもよく、異なっていてもよい。
但し、Ar21及びAr22が同時に、直接結合であることはない。)
[10] [1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物が、電荷輸送性を有するものである電荷輸送性ポリマー。
[11] [10]に記載の電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有する、有機電界発光素子用組成物。
[12] 基板上に、陽極、陰極、及び該陽極と該陰極の間に有機層を有する有機電界発光素子であって、
該有機層が、[11]に記載の有機電界発光素子用組成物を用いて、湿式成膜法で形成された層を含む、有機電界発光素子。
[13] 前記湿式成膜法で形成された層が、正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層のうちの少なくとも1つである、[12]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[14] 陽極と陰極の間に正孔注入層、正孔輸送層及び発光層を含み、前記正孔注入層、正孔輸送層及び発光層は、全て湿式成膜法により形成されたものである、[12]又は[13]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[15] [12]~[14]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する有機EL表示装置。
[16] [12]~[14]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する有機EL照明。
また、本発明の高分子化合物を電荷輸送性ポリマーとして使用し、前記ポリマーを含有する有機電界発光素子用組成物を用いて湿式成膜後、電荷輸送性ポリマーを架橋して得られる層(架橋層)は、有機溶剤に対して難溶であり、クラックなどが生じることがなく、平坦な層が得られる。
また、本発明の高分子化合物は、電気化学的安定性に優れる為、前記高分子化合物を用いて形成された層を含む素子は、フラットパネル・ディスプレイ(例えばOAコンピュータ用や壁掛けテレビ)、車載表示素子、携帯電話表示や面発光体としての特徴を生かした光源(例えば、複写機の光源、液晶ディスプレイや計器類のバックライト光源)、表示板、標識灯への応用が考えられ、その技術的価値は大きいものである。
本発明の高分子化合物は、電荷輸送性ポリマーとして使用することが好適である。以下、電荷輸送性ポリマー及び前記ポリマーを使用した有機電界発光素子としての実施態様を詳細に説明する。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、炭素原子に結合する側鎖として、下記式(1)で表される基を有することを特徴とする、電荷輸送性ポリマーである。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、主鎖中の炭素原子に、1~6個の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を介して、ベンゾシクロブテン環が存在する。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、主鎖に存在するsp3混成軌道の中心となる炭素原子に、1~6個の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を介して、ベンゾシクロブテン環が存在することが好ましい。
さらに、ポリマーの主鎖に存在するsp3混成軌道の中心である原子は、sp2混成軌道の中心である原子に比べ、周りの結合の回転が起こりやすいため、電荷輸送性ポリマーにおける架橋基は効率よく反応するため、架橋基の数が少なくても、又は、架橋反応の条件が穏和であっても有機溶剤に対して難溶とすることができる。
式(1)中のベンゾシクロブテン環が、Ar1以外に有していてもよい置換基としては、後述の[置換基群Z]の項に記載のものが挙げられる。また、置換基による立体障害や、置換基の電子的効果による架橋反応時の影響が小さい点で、式(1)中のベンゾシクロブテン環は、Ar1以外に置換基を有さないことが好ましい。
Ar1は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
芳香族炭化水素基としては、例えば、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、ペリレン環、テトラセン環、ピレン環、ベンズピレン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、アセナフテン環、フルオランテン環、フルオレン環などの、6員環の単環又は2~5縮合環の1価以上の基が挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素基、芳香族複素基が有してもよい置換基としては、特に制限はないが、例えば、下記置換基群Zから選ばれる基が挙げられ、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、芳香族炭化水素基、芳香族複素環基が好ましい。
電荷輸送性が優れる点、耐久性に優れる点から、Ar1は、置換基を含めて、その炭素数が、通常3以上、好ましくは5以上、さらに好ましくは6以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下、さらに好ましくは12以下である。
例えばメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ヘキシル基、シクロヘキシル基、ドデシル基などの、炭素数が通常1以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下である、直鎖、分岐、又は環状のアルキル基;
例えばビニル基等の、炭素数が通常2以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下であるアルケニル基;
例えばエチニル基等の、炭素数が通常2以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下であるアルキニル基;
例えばメトキシ基、エトキシ基等の、炭素数が通常1以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下であるアルコキシ基;
例えばメトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基等の、炭素数が通常2以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下であるアルコキシカルボニル基;
例えばジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基等の、炭素数が通常2以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下であるジアルキルアミノ基;
例えばジフェニルアミノ基、ジトリルアミノ基、N-カルバゾリル基等の、炭素数が通常10以上、好ましくは12以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下のジアリールアミノ基;
例えばフェニルメチルアミノ基等の、炭素数が通常7以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下であるアリールアルキルアミノ基;
例えばアセチル基、ベンゾイル基等の、炭素数が通常2以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下であるアシル基;
例えばトリフルオロメチル基等の、炭素数が通常1以上であり、通常12以下、好ましくは6以下のハロアルキル基;
例えばメチルチオ基、エチルチオ基等の、炭素数が通常1以上であり、通常24以下、好ましくは12以下のアルキルチオ基;
例えばフェニルチオ基、ナフチルチオ基、ピリジルチオ基等の、炭素数が通常4以上、好ましくは5以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下であるアリールチオ基;
例えばトリメチルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基等の、炭素数が通常2以上、好ましくは3以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下であるシリル基;
例えばトリメチルシロキシ基、トリフェニルシロキシ基等の、炭素数が通常2以上、好ましくは3以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下であるシロキシ基;
例えばフェニル基、ナフチル基等の、炭素数が通常6以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下である芳香族炭化水素基;
例えばチエニル基、ピリジル基等の、炭素数が通常3以上、好ましくは4以上であり、通常36以下、好ましくは24以下である芳香族複素環基。
また、上記各置換基がさらに置換基を有していてもよく、その例としては置換基群Zの項に例示した基から選択される。
nは1以上、6以下の整数を表す。架橋反応が進行しやすい点、架橋反応後に主鎖が凝集したり、離れすぎたりすることがなく電荷輸送性に優れる点で、nは1以上、3以下の整数であることが好ましい。また、n個のAr1は、同じでもよく、また異なっていてもよい。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、電荷輸送性に優れる点で主鎖にアミン構造を有すること、すなわち、主鎖にsp3混成軌道の中心となる窒素原子を有することが好ましい。
また、本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、電荷輸送性に優れる点に加え、架橋反応前の溶解性に優れる点で、部分構造としてフルオレン環由来の1価又は2価以上の基を含むことが、好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、電荷輸送性に優れる点、架橋反応後に有機溶剤に対して難溶となり易い点から、重量平均分子量(Mw)が20,000以上であることが好ましく、60,000以上であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、電荷輸送性に優れる点、架橋反応後に有機溶剤に対して難溶となり易い点から、分散度(Mw/Mn)が2.5以下であることが好ましく、2.0以下であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、電荷輸送性に優れる点、電気的耐久性に優れる点から、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
Ar11、及びAr12は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、Ar13~Ar15は、各々独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。m個のAr14同士及びAr15同士は、各々、同じでもよく、異なっていてもよい。但し、Ar11及びAr12が同時に、直接結合であることはない。)
式(2)中、Ar11及びAr12は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、Ar13~Ar15は、各々独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基としては、例えばフラン環、ベンゾフラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ピロール環、ピラゾール環、イミダゾール環、オキサジアゾール環、インドール環、カルバゾール環、ピロロイミダゾール環、ピロロピラゾール環、ピロロピロール環、チエノピロール環、チエノチオフェン環、フロピロール環、フロフラン環、チエノフラン環、ベンゾイソオキサゾール環、ベンゾイソチアゾール環、ベンゾイミダゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、トリアジン環、キノリン環、イソキノリン環、シノリン環、キノキサリン環、フェナントリジン環、ベンゾイミダゾール環、ペリミジン環、キナゾリン環、キナゾリノン環、アズレン環などの、5又は6員環の単環又は2~4縮合環由来の基が挙げられる。
また、Ar11~Ar15としては、前記群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の環を直接結合により連結した基も好ましく、ビフェニル基、ビフェニレン基及びターフェニル基、ターフェニレン基がさらに好ましい。
電荷輸送性に優れる点から、Ar11~Ar15は、置換基を含めて、その炭素数は、通常3以上、好ましくは5以上、さらに好ましくは6以上であり、通常72以下、好ましくは48以下、さらに好ましくは25以下である。
式(2)におけるmは、0以上、3以下の整数を表す。
架橋性ポリマーの、有機溶剤に対する溶解性及び成膜性が高められる点で、mは0であることが好ましい。また、ポリマーの正孔輸送能が向上する点で、mは1以上、3以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、電荷輸送性に優れる点、電気的耐久性に優れる点から、下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
Ar21及びAr22は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、
Ar23~Ar27は、各々独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
R1は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルコキシ基、置換基を有してもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有してもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
p個のAr27は、同じでもよく、また異なっていてもよい。q個のAr24同士及びAr25同士は、各々、同じでもよく、異なっていてもよい。但し、Ar21及びAr22が同時に、直接結合であることはない。)
式(3)中、Ar21、Ar22は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、Ar21及びAr22が同時に、直接結合であることはない。
Ar21~Ar26の具体例、好ましい例は、前述の、Ar11~Ar15と同様である。
式(3)におけるqは、0以上、3以下の整数を表す。架橋性ポリマーの、有機溶剤に対する溶解性及び成膜性が高められる点で、qは0であることが好ましい。また、ポリマーの正孔輸送能が向上する点で、qは1以上、3以下であることが好ましい。
式(3)における(Ar27)pは、sp3混成軌道の中心となる炭素原子とベンゾシクロブテン環に結合する基であり、式(1)における(Ar1)nである。Ar27は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、pは0以上、6以下の整数を表す。また、p個のAr27は、同じでもよく、また異なっていてもよい。Ar27の具体例、好ましい例は、前述の、Ar1と同様である。
R1は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルコキシ基、置換基を有してもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有してもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。中でも、電荷輸送性に優れる点から、架橋反応前の溶解性が高い点から、アルキル基が好ましい。
本発明においては、本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーが有する式(1)で表される基の数を、分子量1000あたりの数で表す。ここで、電荷輸送性ポリマーの分子量1000あたりの式(1)で表される基の数は、電荷輸送性ポリマーからその末端基を除いて、合成時の仕込みモノマーのモル比と、構造式から算出することができる。
以下、本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーの繰り返し単位の好ましい例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーは、目的とする化合物の構造に応じて原料を選択し、公知の手法を用いて合成することができる。
式(1)で表される基を有するモノマーの合成方法としては、公知のカップリング手法が適用可能である。例えば、下記式のようにSuzuki反応によって合成される。
本発明のポリマーの製造方法は特には制限されず、本発明のポリマーが得られる限り任意である。例えば、Suzuki反応による重合方法、Grignard反応による重合方法、Yamamoto反応による重合方法、Ullmann反応による重合方法、Buchwald-Hartwig反応による重合方法等などによって製造できる。
Suzuki反応のよる重合方法の場合、例えば、式(1b)及び(2b)で表されるホウ素誘導体(BR2はボロン酸基又はボロン酸エステル基を表す。)と式(2c)で表されるジハロゲン化アリール(XはI、Br、Cl、F等のハロゲン原子を表す。)を反応させることにより、本発明のポリマーが合成される。
化合物の精製方法としては、「分離精製技術ハンドブック」(1993年、(財)日本化学会編)、「化学変換法による微量成分及び難精製物質の高度分離」(1988年、(株)アイ ピー シー発行)、あるいは「実験化学講座(第4版)1」(1990年、(財)日本化学会編)の「分離と精製」の項に記載の方法をはじめとし、公知の技術を利用可能である。具体的には、抽出(懸濁洗浄、煮沸洗浄、超音波洗浄、酸塩基洗浄を含む)、吸着、吸蔵、融解、晶析(溶剤からの再結晶、再沈殿を含む)、蒸留(常圧蒸留、減圧蒸留)、蒸発、昇華(常圧昇華、減圧昇華)、イオン交換、透析、濾過、限外濾過、逆浸透、圧浸透、帯域溶解、電気泳動、遠心分離、浮上分離、沈降分離、磁気分離、各種クロマトグラフィー(形状分類:カラム、ペーパー、薄層、キャピラリー、移動相分類:ガス、液体、ミセル、超臨界流体。分離機構:吸着、分配、イオン交換、分子ふるい、キレート、ゲル濾過、排除、アフィニティー)などが挙げられる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物は、本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーと溶剤とを含む組成物である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物は、陽極と陰極の間に配置された有機層を有する有機電界発光素子において、通常、該有機層を湿式成膜法により形成する際の塗布液として用いられる。本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物は、該有機層のうち、正孔注入層、及び/又は、正孔輸送層を形成するために用いられることが好ましい。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物は、本発明の電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有することを特徴とするが、通常、さらに溶剤を含有する。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物は、正孔注入層を形成するために用いる場合、形成した層の抵抗値を低下する点で、さらに電子受容性化合物を含有することが好ましい。
電子受容性化合物の例としては、例えば、4-イソプロピル-4’-メチルジフェニルヨードニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボラート等の有機基の置換したオニウム塩(国際公開第2005/089024号)、塩化鉄(III)(日本国特開平11-251067号公報)、ペルオキソ二硫酸アンモニウム等の高原子価の無機化合物、テトラシアノエチレン等のシアノ化合物、トリス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボラン(日本国特開2003-31365号公報)等の芳香族ホウ素化合物、フラーレン誘導体、ヨウ素等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物に含有される溶剤としては、特に制限されるものではないが、本発明のポリマーを溶解させる必要があることから、例えば、エーテル系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、アミド系溶剤などが好ましい。
芳香族炭化水素系溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、3-イソプロピルビフェニル、1,2,3,4-テトラメチルベンゼン、1,4-ジイソプロピルベンゼン、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、メチルナフタレン等が挙げられる。アミド系溶剤としては、例えば、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等が挙げられる。
これらの溶剤の組成物中の濃度は、通常10重量%以上、好ましくは30重量%以上、より好ましくは50重量%以上である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物を用いて成膜する場合、塗布後、通常加熱を行う。加熱の手法は特に限定されないが、加熱乾燥の場合の条件としては、通常100℃以上、好ましくは120℃以上、より好ましくは150℃以上、また通常400℃以下、好ましくは350℃以下、より好ましくは300℃以下に、有機電界発光素子用組成物を用いて形成された層を加熱する。加熱時間としては、通常1分以上、好ましくは24時間以下である。加熱手段としては特に限定されないが、形成された層を有する積層体をホットプレート上に載せたり、オーブン内で加熱するなどの手段が用いられる。例えば、ホットプレート上で120℃以上、1分間以上加熱する等の条件を用いることができる。
以下に、本発明の有機電界発光素子、有機電界発光照明装置及び有機電界発光表示装置の実施態様を詳細に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、これらの内容により限定されるものではない。
基板は、有機電界発光素子の支持体となるものであり、通常、石英やガラスの板、金属板や金属箔、プラスチックフィルムやシート等が用いられる。これらのうち、ガラス板や、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホン等の透明な合成樹脂の板が好ましい。基板は、外気による有機電界発光素子の劣化が起こり難いことからガスバリア性の高い材質とするのが好ましい。このため、特に合成樹脂製の基板等のようにガスバリア性の低い材質を用いる場合は、基板の少なくとも片面に緻密なシリコン酸化膜等を設けてガスバリア性を下げるのが好ましい。
陽極は、発光層側の層に正孔を注入する機能を担う。陽極は、通常、アルミニウム、金、銀、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金等の金属;インジウム及び/又はスズの酸化物等の金属酸化物;ヨウ化銅等のハロゲン化金属;カーボンブラック及びポリ(3-メチルチオフェン)、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子等により構成される。陽極の形成は、通常、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法等の乾式法により行われることが多い。また、銀等の金属微粒子、ヨウ化銅等の微粒子、カーボンブラック、導電性の金属酸化物微粒子、導電性高分子微粉末等を用いて陽極を形成する場合には、適当なバインダー樹脂溶液に分散させて、基板上に塗布することにより形成することもできる。また、導電性高分子の場合は、電解重合により直接基板上に薄膜を形成したり、基板上に導電性高分子を塗布して陽極を形成することもできる(Appl.Phys.Lett.,60巻,2711頁,1992年)。
陽極の厚みは、必要とされる透明性と材質等に応じて、決めればよい。特に高い透明性が必要とされる場合は、可視光の透過率が60%以上となる厚みが好ましく、80%以上となる厚みが更に好ましい。陽極の厚みは、通常5nm以上、好ましくは10nm以上であり、また、通常1000nm以下、好ましくは500nm以下とするのが好ましい。一方、透明性が不要な場合は、陽極の厚みは必要な強度等に応じて任意の厚みとすればよく、この場合、陽極は基板と同一の厚みでもよい。
正孔注入層は、陽極から発光層側に正孔を輸送する機能を強化する点で、用いることが好ましい。正孔注入層を用いる場合、通常、正孔注入層は、陽極上に形成される。
正孔注入層の膜厚は、通常1nm以上、好ましくは5nm以上、また、通常1000nm以下、好ましくは500nm以下である。
正孔注入層は、正孔輸送性化合物を含むことが好ましく、正孔輸送性化合物と電子受容性化合物とを含むことがより好ましい。更には、正孔注入層中にカチオンラジカル化合物を含むことが好ましく、カチオンラジカル化合物と正孔輸送性化合物とを含むことが特に好ましい。
正孔注入層形成用組成物は、通常、正孔注入層となる正孔輸送性化合物を含有する。また、湿式成膜法の場合は、通常、更に溶剤も含有する。正孔注入層形成用組成物は、正孔輸送性が高く、注入された正孔を効率よく輸送できるのが好ましい。このため、正孔移動度が大きく、トラップとなる不純物が製造時や使用時等に発生し難いのが好ましい。また、安定性に優れ、イオン化ポテンシャルが小さく、可視光に対する透明性が高いことが好ましい。特に、正孔注入層が発光層と接する場合は、発光層からの発光を消光しないものや発光層とエキサイプレックスを形成して、発光効率を低下させないものが好ましい。
芳香族三級アミン化合物の種類は、特に制限されないが、表面平滑化効果により均一な発光を得やすい点から、重量平均分子量が1000以上、1000000以下の高分子化合物(繰り返し単位が連なる重合型化合物)を用いるのが好ましい。
芳香族三級アミン化合物の好ましい他の例としては、下記式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物等が挙げられる。
Ar1~Ar16の芳香族炭化水素基及び芳香族複素環基としては、高分子化合物の溶解性、耐熱性、正孔注入輸送性の点から、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、フェナントレン環、チオフェン環、ピリジン環由来の基が好ましく、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環由来の基がさらに好ましい。
式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を有する芳香族三級アミン化合物の具体例としては、国際公開第2005/089024号に記載のもの等が挙げられる。
正孔注入層には、正孔輸送性化合物の酸化により、正孔注入層の導電率を向上させることができるため、電子受容性化合物を含有していることが好ましい。電子受容性化合物の例は<有機電界発光素子用組成物>に前述したとおりである。
カチオンラジカル化合物としては、正孔輸送性化合物から一電子取り除いた化学種であるカチオンラジカルと、対アニオンとからなるイオン化合物が好ましい。但し、カチオンラジカルが正孔輸送性の高分子化合物由来である場合、カチオンラジカルは高分子化合物の繰り返し単位から一電子取り除いた構造となる。
ここで、カチオンラジカル化合物は、前述の正孔輸送性化合物と電子受容性化合物を混合することにより生成させることができる。即ち、前述の正孔輸送性化合物と電子受容性化合物とを混合することにより、正孔輸送性化合物から電子受容性化合物へと電子移動が起こり、正孔輸送性化合物のカチオンラジカルと対アニオンとからなるカチオンイオン化合物が生成する。
ここでいう酸化重合は、モノマーを酸性溶液中で、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩等を用いて化学的に、又は、電気化学的に酸化するものである。この酸化重合(脱水素重合)の場合、モノマーが酸化されることにより高分子化されるとともに、酸性溶液由来のアニオンを対アニオンとする、高分子の繰り返し単位から一電子取り除かれたカチオンラジカルが生成する。
湿式成膜法により正孔注入層を形成する場合、通常、正孔注入層となる材料を可溶な溶剤(正孔注入層用溶剤)と混合して成膜用の組成物(正孔注入層形成用組成物)を調製し、この正孔注入層形成用組成物を正孔注入層の下層に該当する層(通常は、陽極)上に塗布して成膜し、乾燥させることにより形成させる。本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物を正孔注入層形成用組成物として用いることが好ましい。
正孔注入層の湿式成膜法による形成は、通常、正孔注入層形成用組成物を調製後に、これを、正孔注入層の下層に該当する層(通常は、陽極)上に塗布成膜し、乾燥することにより行われる。
正孔注入層は、通常、成膜後に、加熱や減圧乾燥等により塗布膜を乾燥させる。
真空蒸着法により正孔注入層を形成する場合には、通常、正孔注入層の構成材料(前述の正孔輸送性化合物、電子受容性化合物等)の1種類又は2種類以上を真空容器内に設置された坩堝に入れ(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々を別々の坩堝に入れ)、真空容器内を真空ポンプで10-4Pa程度まで排気した後、坩堝を加熱して(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々の坩堝を加熱して)、坩堝内の材料の蒸発量を制御しながら蒸発させ(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々独立に蒸発量を制御しながら蒸発させ)、坩堝に向き合って置かれた基板上の陽極上に正孔注入層を形成させる。なお、2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、それらの混合物を坩堝に入れ、加熱、蒸発させて正孔注入層を形成することもできる。
なお、正孔注入層は、後述の正孔輸送層と同様に架橋されていてもよい。
正孔輸送層は、陽極側から発光層側に正孔を輸送する機能を担う層である。正孔輸送層は、本発明の有機電界発光素子では、必須の層では無いが、陽極から発光層に正孔を輸送する機能を強化する点では、この層を用いるのが好ましい。正孔輸送層を用いる場合、通常、正孔輸送層は、陽極と発光層の間に形成される。また、上述の正孔注入層がある場合は、正孔注入層と発光層の間に形成される。
正孔輸送層の形成方法は、真空蒸着法でも、湿式成膜法でもよい。成膜性が優れる点では、湿式成膜法により形成することが好ましい。
正孔輸送層は、通常、正孔輸送層となる正孔輸送性化合物を含有する。正孔輸送層に含まれる正孔輸送性化合物としては、特に、4,4’-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニルで代表される、2個以上の3級アミンを含み2個以上の縮合芳香族環が窒素原子に置換した芳香族ジアミン(日本国特開平5-234681号公報)、4,4’,4’’-トリス(1-ナフチルフェニルアミノ)トリフェニルアミン等のスターバースト構造を有する芳香族アミン化合物(J.Lumin.,72-74巻、985頁、1997年)、トリフェニルアミンの四量体から成る芳香族アミン化合物(Chem.Commun.,2175頁、1996年)、2,2’,7,7’-テトラキス-(ジフェニルアミノ)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン等のスピロ化合物(Synth.Metals,91巻、209頁、1997年)、4,4’-N,N’-ジカルバゾールビフェニルなどのカルバゾール誘導体などが挙げられる。また、例えばポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルトリフェニルアミン(日本国特開平7-53953号公報)、テトラフェニルベンジジンを含有するポリアリーレンエーテルサルホン(Polym.Adv.Tech.,7巻、33頁、1996年)等も好ましく使用できる。
芳香族三級アミン化合物の種類は、特に制限されないが、表面平滑化効果により均一な発光を得やすい点から、重量平均分子量が1000以上1000000以下の高分子化合物(繰り返し単位が連なる重合型化合物)を用いるのが好ましい。
中でも、本発明に記載の電荷輸送性ポリマーを用いることが好ましい。
湿式成膜法で正孔輸送層を形成する場合は、通常、上述の正孔注入層を湿式成膜法で形成する場合と同様にして、正孔注入層形成用組成物の代わりに正孔輸送層形成用組成物を用いて形成させる。本発明の有機電界発光素子用組成物を正孔輸送層形成用組成物として用いることが好ましい。
正孔輸送層形成用組成物中における正孔輸送性化合物の濃度は、正孔注入層形成用組成物中における正孔輸送性化合物の濃度と同様の範囲とすることができる。
正孔輸送層の湿式成膜法による形成は、前述の正孔注入層成膜法と同様に行うことができる。
真空蒸着法で正孔輸送層を形成する場合についても、通常、上述の正孔注入層を真空蒸着法で形成する場合と同様にして、正孔注入層形成用組成物の代わりに正孔輸送層形成用組成物を用いて形成させることができる。蒸着時の真空度、蒸着速度及び温度などの成膜条件などは、前記正孔注入層の真空蒸着時と同様の条件で成膜することができる。
発光層は、一対の電極間に電界が与えられた時に、陽極から注入される正孔と陰極から注入される電子が再結合することにより励起され、発光する機能を担う層である。発光層は、陽極と陰極の間に形成される層であり、発光層は、陽極の上に正孔注入層がある場合は、正孔注入層と陰極の間に形成され、陽極の上に正孔輸送層がある場合は、正孔輸送層と陰極の間に形成される。
発光層は、少なくとも、発光の性質を有する材料(発光材料)を含有するとともに、好ましくは、電荷輸送性を有する材料(電荷輸送性材料)とを含有する。
発光材料は、所望の発光波長で発光し、本発明の効果を損なわない限り特に制限はなく、公知の発光材料を適用可能である。発光材料は、蛍光発光材料でも、燐光発光材料でもよいが、発光効率が良好である材料が好ましく、内部量子効率の観点から燐光発光材料が好ましい。
蛍光発光材料としては、例えば、以下の材料が挙げられる。
緑色発光を与える蛍光発光材料(緑色蛍光発光材料)としては、例えば、キナクリドン誘導体、クマリン誘導体、Al(C9H6NO)3などのアルミニウム錯体等が挙げられる。
赤色発光を与える蛍光発光材料(赤色蛍光発光材料)としては、例えば、DCM(4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran)系化合物、ベンゾピラン誘導体、ローダミン誘導体、ベンゾチオキサンテン誘導体、アザベンゾチオキサンテン等が挙げられる。
電荷輸送性材料は、正電荷(正孔)又は負電荷(電子)輸送性を有する材料であり、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、特に制限はなく、公知の発光材料を適用可能である。
電荷輸送性材料は、従来、有機電界発光素子の発光層に用いられている化合物等を用いることができ、特に、発光層のホスト材料として使用されている化合物が好ましい。
発光層の形成方法は、真空蒸着法でも、湿式成膜法でもよいが、成膜性に優れることから、湿式成膜法が好ましく、スピンコート法及びインクジェット法が更に好ましい。湿式成膜法により発光層を形成する場合は、通常、上述の正孔注入層を湿式成膜法で形成する場合と同様にして、正孔注入層形成用組成物の代わりに、発光層となる材料を可溶な溶剤(発光層用溶剤)と混合して調製した発光層形成用組成物を用いて形成させる。
発光層と後述の電子注入層との間に、正孔阻止層を設けてもよい。正孔阻止層は、発光層の上に、発光層の陰極側の界面に接するように積層される層である。
この正孔阻止層は、陽極から移動してくる正孔を陰極に到達するのを阻止する役割と、陰極から注入された電子を効率よく発光層の方向に輸送する役割とを有する。正孔阻止層を構成する材料に求められる物性としては、電子移動度が高く正孔移動度が低いこと、エネルギーギャップ(HOMO、LUMOの差)が大きいこと、励起三重項準位(T1)が高いことが挙げられる。
正孔阻止層の膜厚は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意であるが、通常0.3nm以上、好ましくは0.5nm以上であり、また、通常100nm以下、好ましくは50nm以下である。
電子輸送層は素子の電流効率をさらに向上させることを目的として、発光層と電子注入層との間に設けられる。
電子輸送層は、電界を与えられた電極間において陰極から注入された電子を効率よく発光層の方向に輸送することができる化合物より形成される。電子輸送層に用いられる電子輸送性化合物としては、陰極又は電子注入層からの電子注入効率が高く、かつ、高い電子移動度を有し注入された電子を効率よく輸送することができる化合物であることが必要である。
電子輸送層は、前記と同様にして湿式成膜法、或いは真空蒸着法により正孔阻止層上に積層することにより形成される。通常は、真空蒸着法が用いられる。
電子注入層は、陰極から注入された電子を効率よく、電子輸送層又は発光層へ注入する役割を果たす。
電子注入を効率よく行うには、電子注入層を形成する材料は、仕事関数の低い金属が好ましい。例としては、ナトリウムやセシウム等のアルカリ金属、バリウムやカルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属等が用いられる。その膜厚は通常0.1nm以上、5nm以下が好ましい。
電子注入層は、湿式成膜法或いは真空蒸着法により、発光層又はその上の正孔阻止層上に積層することにより形成される。
湿式成膜法の場合の詳細は、前述の発光層の場合と同様である。
陰極は、発光層側の層(電子注入層又は発光層など)に電子を注入する役割を果たす。
陰極の材料としては、前記の陽極に使用される材料を用いることが可能であるが、効率良く電子注入を行なう上では、仕事関数の低い金属を用いることが好ましく、例えば、スズ、マグネシウム、インジウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、銀等の金属又はそれらの合金などが用いられる。具体例としては、例えば、マグネシウム-銀合金、マグネシウム-インジウム合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金等の低仕事関数の合金電極などが挙げられる。
陰極の膜厚は通常、陽極と同様である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわなければ、更に他の層を有していてもよい。すなわち、陽極と陰極との間に、上述の他の任意の層を有していてもよい。
なお、上述の説明とは逆の構造、即ち、基板上に陰極、電子注入層、発光層、正孔注入層、陽極の順に積層することも可能である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子を有機電界発光装置に適用する場合は、単一の有機電界発光素子として用いても、複数の有機電界発光素子がアレイ状に配置された構成にして用いても、陽極と陰極がX-Yマトリックス状に配置された構成にして用いてもよい。
本発明の有機EL表示装置は、上述の本発明の有機電界発光素子を用いたものである。本発明の有機EL表示装置の型式や構造については特に制限はなく、本発明の有機電界発光素子を用いて常法に従って組み立てることができる。
例えば、「有機ELディスプレイ」(オーム社、平成16年8月20日発行、時任静士、安達千波矢、村田英幸著)に記載されているような方法で、本発明の有機EL表示装置を形成することができる。
本発明の有機EL照明は、上述の本発明の有機電界発光素子を用いたものである。本発明の有機EL照明の型式や構造については特に制限はなく、本発明の有機電界発光素子を用いて常法に従って組み立てることができる。
(モノマーの合成)
<化合物1の合成>
<化合物3の合成>
<化合物4の合成>
<化合物5の合成>
<化合物6の合成>
<化合物7の合成>
<化合物8の合成>
<化合物9の合成>
重量平均分子量(Mw)=192000
数平均分子量(Mn)=98600
分散度(Mw/Mn)=1.95
<実施例2>
重量平均分子量(Mw)=73800
数平均分子量(Mn)=49400
分散度(Mw/Mn)=1.49
<実施例3>
重量平均分子量(Mw)=63400
数平均分子量(Mn)=43100
分散度(Mw/Mn)=1.47
<比較例1>
重量平均分子量(Mw)=70000
数平均分子量(Mn)=49000
分散度(Mw/Mn)=1.43
以下の方法により、(陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極)の層構成である有機電界発光素子を作製した。
溶媒 安息香酸エチル
塗布液濃度 H1:2.5重量%
A1:0.5重量%
<正孔注入層の成膜条件>
スピナ回転時間 30秒
スピンコート雰囲気 大気中
加熱条件 230℃、1時間
引き続き、実施例2で合成した下記式(H2)に示すポリマー(重量平均分子量:Mw=73800,Mn=49400)を含有する正孔輸送層形成用塗布液を調製し、下記の条件でスピンコートにより成膜して、膜厚15nmの正孔輸送層を形成した。
溶媒 シクロヘキシルベンゼン
塗布液濃度 1.0重量%
<正孔輸送層の成膜条件>
スピナ回転時間 30秒
スピンコート雰囲気 窒素中
加熱条件 230℃、1時間
引き続き、下記式(M1)に示す化合物、(M2)に示す化合物、及び(M3)に示す化合物を含有する発光層形成用塗布液を調製し、下記の条件でスピンコートにより成膜して、膜厚15nmの発光層を形成した。
溶媒 シクロヘキシルベンゼン
塗布液濃度 M1:1.2重量%
M2:3.6重量%
M3:0.72重量%
<正孔輸送層の成膜条件>
スピナ回転時間 30秒
スピンコート雰囲気 窒素中
加熱条件 130℃、10分間
得られた発光層の上に、真空蒸着法により正孔阻止層として下記構造の化合物E1を膜厚10nmとなるように、次いで、電子輸送層として下記構造の化合物E2を膜厚20nmとなるように、それぞれ順次積層した。
正孔輸送層を下記のように形成した以外は、実施例3と同様に有機電界発光素子を作製した。
比較例1で合成した下記式(H3)に示すポリマー(重量平均分子量:Mw=70000,Mn=49000)を含有する正孔輸送層形成用塗布液を調製し、下記の条件でスピンコートにより成膜して、膜厚15nmの正孔輸送層を形成した。
(H3)
<正孔輸送層形成用塗布液>
溶媒 シクロヘキシルベンゼン
塗布液濃度 1.0重量%
<正孔輸送層の成膜条件>
スピナ回転時間 30秒
スピンコート雰囲気 窒素中
加熱条件 230℃、1時間
Claims (16)
- 式(1)で表される基が結合する炭素原子が、sp3混成軌道の中心となる炭素原子である、請求項1に記載の高分子化合物。
- 主鎖にsp3混成軌道の中心となる窒素原子を有する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の高分子化合物。
- 部分構造としてフルオレン環由来の1価又は2価以上の基を含む、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
- 重量平均分子量(Mw)が20,000以上であり、分散度(Mw/Mn)が2.5以下である(但し、Mnは数平均分子量を表す。)、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
- 重量平均分子量(Mw)が60,000以上であり、分散度(Mw/Mn)が2.0以下である、請求項5に記載の高分子化合物。
- 下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
Ar21及びAr22は、各々独立して、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、
Ar23~Ar27は、各々独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
R1は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~24のアルコキシ基、置換基を有してもよい芳香族炭化水素基又は置換基を有してもよい芳香族複素環基を表す。
また、p個のAr27は、同じでもよく、また異なっていてもよい。
q個のAr24同士及びAr25同士は、各々、同じでもよく、異なっていてもよい。
但し、Ar21及びAr22が同時に、直接結合であることはない。) - 前記式(1)で表される基を、分子量1,000あたり0.01個以上、3個以下有する、請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
- 請求項1~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物が、電荷輸送性を有するものである電荷輸送性ポリマー。
- 請求項10に記載の電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有する、有機電界発光素子用組成物。
- 基板上に、陽極、陰極、及び該陽極と該陰極の間に有機層を有する有機電界発光素子であって、
該有機層が、請求項11に記載の有機電界発光素子用組成物を用いて、湿式成膜法で形成された層を含む、有機電界発光素子。 - 前記湿式成膜法で形成された層が、正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項12に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 陽極と陰極の間に正孔注入層、正孔輸送層及び発光層を含み、前記正孔注入層、正孔輸送層及び発光層は、全て湿式成膜法により形成されたものである、請求項12又は請求項13に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項12~請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する有機EL表示装置。
- 請求項12~請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する有機EL照明。
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US20150102334A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
CN104411743B (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
CN104411743A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
TW201404801A (zh) | 2014-02-01 |
JP5582260B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
KR102115141B1 (ko) | 2020-05-26 |
US9391278B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
KR20150022828A (ko) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2862888B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
JPWO2013191137A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
EP2862888A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
TWI589622B (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
EP2862888A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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