WO2013172214A1 - ポリエステルフィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリエステルフィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172214A1 WO2013172214A1 PCT/JP2013/062812 JP2013062812W WO2013172214A1 WO 2013172214 A1 WO2013172214 A1 WO 2013172214A1 JP 2013062812 W JP2013062812 W JP 2013062812W WO 2013172214 A1 WO2013172214 A1 WO 2013172214A1
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- film
- stretching
- difference
- width direction
- thickness
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08L67/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the carboxyl- and the hydroxy groups directly linked to aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyester film and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polyester film excellent in the balance of impact resistance, flexibility, and mechanical strength, and a method for producing the same, which are suitable for applications in which nylon films and other flexible films have been conventionally used.
- PBT Polybutylene terephthalate
- the PBT films that are still on the market are unstretched cast sheets and films obtained by the inflation method, and these films have the characteristics of the original PBT because the orientation of the PBT is insufficient. It's hard to say.
- the PBT film of the inflation method has a problem that the draw ratio is difficult to be uniform due to the manufacturing method, the thickness accuracy is poor, and the puncture strength is low because the plane orientation coefficient does not increase. . Therefore, PBT films obtained by a biaxial stretching method using a tenter have been studied. In the following, some studies on past PBT films will be considered.
- the film is stretched in the MD direction at a deformation rate of 100000% / min or more to produce a biaxially stretched PBT film, thereby uniformly stretching the thickness.
- a technique of manufacturing a film without unevenness is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the conventional technique increases the deformation speed only in the MD direction, so that the elongation is low, and there is a problem that the film cannot be balanced in the MD direction and the TD direction. It was.
- the stretching temperature is calculated from the crystallinity at the time of unstretching, and after the temperature is stretched in the MD (or TD) direction at a low magnification, orthogonal to the first stage stretching direction at a high temperature.
- a technique is known in which a film excellent in impact resistance in which unevenness in thickness and breakage during film formation are suppressed is produced by stretching in the direction in which the film is stretched (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the second stage stretching is performed at 120 ° C. and the PBT Tg (45 ° C.) at a very high temperature, and the state of advanced orientation crystallization is reoriented in the second stage direction. Because of such stretching, there was a problem that the balance of the mechanical properties in the MD direction and the TD direction was inferior.
- a technique for producing a film having excellent gas barrier properties and pinhole resistance by alternately laminating PBT and resins other than PBT such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is known.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- Patent Document 3 A technique for producing a film having excellent gas barrier properties and pinhole resistance by alternately laminating PBT and resins other than PBT such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is known.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- the present invention has been made against the background of the problems of the prior art. That is, the purpose of the present invention is to suppress the breakage that occurs when stretching PBT with a high crystallization speed, in particular due to the difference in the shearing speed when discharging molten resin from the die in the width direction and the cooling speed during casting. By suppressing the non-uniformity of the crystallinity and reducing the specific gravity difference in the width direction in the unstretched state of the film, the breakage is greatly suppressed, and it can be industrially implemented, in the MD / TD direction.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyester film excellent in improvement in balance of mechanical properties, impact resistance, and the like, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention comprises a polyester resin containing 60% by mass or more of PBT, has an MD breaking elongation of 80% or more, a TD breaking depth of 80% or more, a plane orientation of 0.12 to 0.14, and an impact strength of 0.1. It is a polyester film having a thickness of 05 J / ⁇ m or more and a puncture strength of 0.5 N / ⁇ m or more.
- the shear rate in discharging the molten resin from the die in the width direction and cooling during casting Suppressing non-uniformity of crystallinity due to the difference in speed and reducing the difference in specific gravity in the width direction in the unstretched state of the film can greatly suppress breakage during film stretching and can be implemented industrially. Yes, the balance of mechanical properties in the MD and TD directions, impact resistance, etc. can be improved.
- the polyester resin used in the present invention is mainly composed of PBT, and the content of PBT is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 75% by mass or more. Most preferably, it is 80 mass% or more. If it is less than 60% by mass, the impact strength and pinhole resistance of the film are lowered, and the film properties are not sufficient.
- PBT used as a main constituent component is preferably 90 mol% or more, more preferably 95 mol% or more, still more preferably 98 mol% or more, most preferably 100 mol% or more of terephthalic acid as a dicarboxylic acid component. Mol%.
- 1,4-butanediol is preferably 90 mol% or more, more preferably 95 mol% or more, still more preferably 97 mol% or more, and most preferably 1,4-butanediol during polymerization. It is not included except by-products generated by the ether bond of butanediol.
- dicarboxylic acid component examples include isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, and sebacic acid.
- glycol components examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, and cyclohexanediol.
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), etc.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PBN polybutylene naphthalate
- PPT polypropylene terephthalate
- a polyester-based and polyamide-based elastomer copolymerized with at least one of a flexible polyether component, a polycarbonate component, and a polyester component can be added to the polyester resin.
- the lower limit of the addition amount of these additives is 0% by mass, and the upper limit is preferably 20% by mass. If it exceeds 20%, the above effect may be saturated and the transparency of the film may be lowered.
- the lower limit of the resin melting temperature is preferably 200 ° C, and if it is lower than 200 ° C, the discharge of the molten resin may become unstable.
- the upper limit of the resin melting temperature is preferably 320 ° C., and if it exceeds 320 ° C., the resin may be deteriorated.
- the polyester resin may contain a conventionally known additive such as a lubricant, a stabilizer, a colorant, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, and an ultraviolet absorber as necessary.
- organic lubricants and inorganic lubricants such as silica, calcium carbonate and alumina are preferable, silica and calcium carbonate are more preferable, and calcium carbonate is particularly preferable. By these, transparency and slipperiness of the film can be expressed.
- the lower limit of the lubricant concentration is preferably 100 ppm, and if it is less than 100 ppm, the slipperiness of the film may be lowered.
- the upper limit of the lubricant concentration is preferably 20000 ppm, and if it exceeds 20000 ppm, the transparency of the film may be lowered.
- the present inventors have found that the difference in crystallinity in the width direction of the unstretched film can be reduced by using a novel method described later. That is, by casting multiple raw materials having the same composition during casting, the difference in crystallinity in the width direction of the unstretched film can be reduced, and the stretching stress distribution during TD stretching can be made uniform. I found out that I can do it. Conventionally, the crystallinity of the edge of the unstretched film is increased during casting, while the crystallinity of the center of the unstretched film is decreased, so that the stretching stress during stretching in the TD direction is the width of the unstretched film.
- a general multi-layering device multi-layer feed block, static mixer, multi-layer multi-manifold, etc.
- heat sent from different flow paths using two or more extruders can be used.
- a method of laminating a plastic resin in multiple layers using a field block, a static mixer, a multi-manifold die, or the like can be used.
- the object of the present invention can be achieved by introducing the above multi-layering apparatus into the melt line from the extruder to the die using only one extruder. Is possible.
- the raw materials having the same composition are the maximum mass% and the minimum in the content of individual raw materials blended in the thermoplastic resin fed from each extruder.
- the difference from the mass% is allowed to be 10 mass% or less, further 5 mass% or less, and particularly 2 mass% or less.
- the difference between the maximum mol% and the minimum mol% is 5 mol% or less in the content of the monomer to be copolymerized blended in the thermoplastic resin sent from each extruder, Is allowed to be 3 mol% or less, particularly 2 mol% or less.
- the molecular weights of the individual raw materials may be different, but when the weight average molecular weight in terms of styrene is determined by GPC, the value obtained by dividing the difference in molecular weight by the molecular weight of the product having a large molecular weight is 30% or less. It is preferably 20% or less, particularly preferably 10% or less. Within this range, the same individual raw materials are allowed even if the molecular weights of the individual raw materials are different.
- the method of introducing the above-mentioned multilayering apparatus into the melt line from the extruder to the die using only one extruder is a preferable method from the viewpoint of simplicity of the apparatus and management of each raw material.
- the lower limit of the die temperature is preferably 200 ° C. If it is less than 200 ° C., the discharge of the molten resin is not stable, and the film thickness may be uneven.
- the upper limit of the die temperature is preferably 350 ° C., and if it exceeds 350 ° C., the thickness of the film becomes non-uniform, the resin deteriorates, and the appearance may be poor due to die lip contamination.
- the lower limit of the chill roll temperature is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C., and if it is lower than ⁇ 10 ° C., the effect of homogenizing the crystallinity in the width direction of the unstretched film may be saturated.
- the upper limit of the chill roll temperature is preferably 80 ° C., and if it exceeds 80 ° C., the crystallinity of the unstretched film becomes too high and stretching may be difficult. In order to reduce the difference in crystallinity in the width direction of the unstretched film, it is effective to reduce the crystallinity. Therefore, when not using a method such as multi-layering described later, a preferable chill roll temperature is It is 10 degrees C or less, Furthermore, it is 5 degrees C or less.
- the difference in crystallinity in the width direction of the unstretched film can be reduced by using a method such as multilayering described later.
- casting can be performed at a temperature of 15 to 40 ° C.
- the temperature difference in the width direction of the chill roll is preferably small, and the preferred temperature difference is 5 ° C. or less, more preferably 3 ° C. or less. When the temperature difference exceeds 5 ° C., the difference in crystallinity in the width direction of the unstretched film may not be reduced during casting.
- the surface of the chill roll rises due to the high temperature resin coming into contact with the surface.
- the chill roll is cooled by flowing cooling water through the pipe inside, but securing a sufficient amount of cooling water, devising the arrangement of the pipe, performing maintenance so that sludge does not adhere to the pipe, etc. It is necessary to reduce the temperature difference in the width direction. In particular, care should be taken when cooling at low temperatures without using a method such as multilayering.
- the specific gravity difference in the width direction of the unstretched film becomes large, and the effect of improving stretchability is small.
- it is 100 layers or more the effect of reducing the specific gravity difference in the width direction of the unstretched film is stabilized, the thickness uniformity of each layer is also stabilized, and the appearance is improved.
- the stretching method can be simultaneous biaxial stretching or sequential biaxial stretching, but in order to increase the piercing strength of the film, it is necessary to increase the plane orientation coefficient of the film. Is preferred.
- the lower limit of the MD stretching temperature is preferably 40 ° C, more preferably 45 ° C. If it is lower than 40 ° C., breakage may easily occur.
- the upper limit of the MD stretching temperature is preferably 100 ° C, more preferably 95 ° C. If the temperature exceeds 100 ° C., it is difficult to align, and the mechanical properties of the film may be deteriorated.
- the lower limit of the MD draw ratio is preferably 2.5 times, and if it is less than 2.5, the film is difficult to be oriented, so that the mechanical properties and thickness unevenness of the film may deteriorate.
- the upper limit of the MD draw ratio is preferably 5 times, and if it exceeds 5 times, the effect of improving the mechanical strength and thickness unevenness of the film may be saturated.
- the lower limit of the TD stretching temperature is preferably 40 ° C, and if it is less than 40 ° C, the film may be easily broken.
- the upper limit of the TD stretching temperature is preferably 100 ° C., and when it exceeds 100 ° C., it is difficult to align, and the mechanical properties of the film may be deteriorated.
- the lower limit of the TD stretch ratio is preferably 2.5 times, and if it is less than 2.5 times, it is difficult to orient and mechanical properties and thickness unevenness may deteriorate.
- the upper limit of the TD stretch ratio is preferably 5 times, and if it exceeds 5 times, the effect of improving the mechanical strength and thickness unevenness of the film may be saturated.
- the lower limit of the TD heat setting temperature is preferably 150 ° C., and if it is lower than 150 ° C., the thermal shrinkage rate of the film is increased, and displacement or shrinkage during processing may occur.
- the upper limit of the TD heat setting temperature is preferably 250 ° C., and if it exceeds 250 ° C., the film melts, and even if it does not melt, it may become brittle.
- the lower limit of the TD relaxation rate is preferably 0.5%, and if it is less than 0.5%, the film may be easily broken during heat setting.
- the upper limit of the TD relaxation rate is preferably 10%, and if it exceeds 10%, sagging or the like may occur in the film and thickness unevenness may occur.
- the lower limit of the film thickness is preferably 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 8 ⁇ m. If it is less than 3 ⁇ m, the strength as a film may be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the film thickness is preferably 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 75 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 50 ⁇ m. If it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the film may become too thick and processing for the purpose of the present invention may be difficult.
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness in the entire width is preferably in the range of 0 to 25%, more preferably in the range of 0 to 20%. . If it exceeds 25%, the roll appearance is deteriorated and distortion in secondary processing occurs, which is not preferable. In order to reduce the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness in the entire width, it is necessary that the stretching ratio in the width direction is uniform. is there.
- the lower limit of the specific gravity at the center of the unstretched film of the present invention is preferably 1.25 g / cm 3 , and if it is less than 1.25 g / cm 3 , the effect of improving the stretchability of the unstretched film may be saturated. is there.
- the upper limit of the specific gravity at the center is preferably 1.3 g / cm 3 , and if it exceeds 1.3 g / cm 3 , the degree of crystallinity becomes too high and stretching may be difficult.
- the upper limit of the difference in specific gravity in the width direction of the unstretched film of the present invention is preferably 0.03 g / cm 3 , and if it exceeds 0.03 g / cm 3 , the stretching stress becomes non-uniform in the width direction and the film breaks. Further, stretching unevenness in the width direction of the film occurs, which may cause thickness unevenness and physical property unevenness.
- the lower limit of the MD elastic modulus of the film of the present invention is preferably 1 GPa, and if it is less than 1 GPa, the film tends to be stretched and pitch deviation may occur during processing such as printing and lamination.
- the upper limit of the MD elastic modulus is preferably 2 GPa, and if it exceeds 2 GPa, it may be disadvantageous in terms of workability such as drawing after the film is bonded to various sealants.
- the lower limit of the TD elastic modulus of the film of the present invention is preferably 1 GPa, and if it is less than 1 GPa, the film tends to be stretched, and problems may occur during processing.
- the upper limit of the TD elastic modulus is preferably 2 GPa, and if it exceeds 2 GPa, it may be disadvantageous in terms of workability such as drawing after the film is bonded to various sealants. Note that the TD elastic modulus can be within a range depending on the heat setting temperature.
- the lower limit of the TD breaking strength of the film of the present invention is preferably 100 MPa, and if it is less than 100 MPa, breakage or the like may occur during processing of the film.
- the upper limit of the TD breaking strength is preferably 500 MPa, and if it exceeds 500 MPa, the effect of improving the breaking strength of the film may be saturated.
- the lower limit of the MD breaking elongation of the film of the present invention is preferably 80%, more preferably 90%. If it is less than 80%, it may be disadvantageous in terms of workability such as drawing after the film is bonded to various sealants.
- the upper limit of the MD breaking elongation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200%. MD breaking elongation can be made into the range with MD magnification and heat setting temperature.
- the lower limit of the TD breaking elongation of the film of the present invention is preferably 80%, more preferably 90%. If it is less than 80%, it may be disadvantageous in terms of workability such as drawing after the film is bonded to various sealants.
- the upper limit of the TD breaking elongation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500%. The TD breaking elongation can be set within the range by the TD magnification and the heat setting temperature.
- the lower limit of the plane orientation coefficient of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.12, and if it is less than 0.12, the piercing strength, impact strength, etc. may be lowered.
- the upper limit of the plane orientation coefficient is preferably 0.14, and if it exceeds 0.14, the productivity of the film may be lowered and the flexibility may be lowered.
- the plane orientation coefficient can be set within the range by the MD magnification and the heat setting temperature. Further, as the stretching method, sequential biaxial stretching, particularly sequential biaxial stretching in which stretching in the MD direction and then stretching in the TD direction is preferable to simultaneous biaxial stretching.
- the variation of the plane orientation coefficient in the width direction of the stretched film of the present invention is such that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the plane orientation coefficient measured by dividing the entire width of the film into 10 equal parts is 0.02 or less, More preferably, it is 0.015 or less, and most preferably 0.01 or less. If it exceeds 0.02, in addition to variations in mechanical properties, the thickness unevenness of the film is large, which is not preferable. Further, in order to reduce the fluctuation of the plane orientation coefficient, it is realized by reducing the specific gravity difference (difference in crystallinity) in the width direction of the unstretched film.
- the orientation axis angle of the stretched film of the present invention is preferably in the range of 0 to 40 degrees.
- the MD direction and the TD direction are balanced, but if it exceeds 40 degrees, the film is distorted after heating, which is not preferable.
- a method for reducing shrinkage in the MD direction when performing heat fixation after TD stretching which is the same as a method for reducing general bowing, can be adopted.
- the lower limit of the piercing strength of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.5 N / ⁇ m, more preferably 0.9 N / ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.5 N / ⁇ m, the strength when processing the film or when the film is used as a bag may be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the piercing strength is preferably 1.5 N / ⁇ m, and if it exceeds 1.5 N / ⁇ m, the improvement effect is saturated.
- the piercing strength can be within the range by the MD magnification and the heat setting temperature.
- the lower limit of the impact strength (impact resistance) of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.05 J / ⁇ m, more preferably 0.06 J / ⁇ m. When it is less than 0.05 J / ⁇ m, the strength may be insufficient when used as a bag.
- the upper limit of impact strength (impact resistance) is preferably 0.2 J / ⁇ m, and if it exceeds 0.2 J / ⁇ m, the above-described improvement effect is saturated.
- the lower limit of the moisture absorption rate of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.1%, and if it is less than 0.1%, the improvement effect will be saturated.
- the upper limit of the moisture absorption rate is preferably 1%, and if it exceeds 1%, a change in moisture absorption dimension or the like may easily occur.
- the lower limit of the MD heat shrinkage rate of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.1%, and if it is less than 0.1%, the improvement effect is saturated and it may become mechanically brittle.
- the upper limit of the MD thermal contraction rate is preferably 4%, and if it exceeds 4%, pitch deviation may occur due to a dimensional change during processing such as printing.
- the lower limit of the TD heat shrinkage rate of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.1%, and if it is less than 0.1%, the effect of improvement is saturated and it may become mechanically brittle.
- the upper limit of the TD heat shrinkage is preferably 3%, and if it exceeds 3%, shrinkage in the width direction of the film may occur due to dimensional changes during processing such as printing.
- the lower limit of haze of the film of the present invention is preferably 0%.
- the upper limit of haze is preferably 50%, more preferably 30%, and still more preferably 20%. This does not apply to applications where the contents cannot be seen. If the haze exceeds 30%, the contents may be difficult to see when used as a bag.
- the lower limit of the number of pinholes generated in a gelbo flex test of a laminate in which the film of the present invention and a sealant are laminated by a dry lamination method is preferably zero.
- the upper limit of the number of pinholes is preferably 10, and more preferably 5. When it exceeds 10, it may be easy to open a hole in the film when used as a bag. A method for measuring the number of pinholes will be described later.
- orientation angle ( ⁇ ) of the molecular chain orientation principal axis at the end of the film was determined using a MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments.
- the rectangular test film is wound to form a cylindrical shape having a length of 20.32 cm (8 inches).
- one end of the cylindrical film is fixed to the outer periphery of a disk-shaped fixed head of a gelbo flex tester (manufactured by Rigaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., NO.901 type) (conforming to MIL-B-131C standard).
- the other end of the tester was fixed to the outer periphery of a disk-shaped movable head of a tester facing the fixed head at a distance of 17.8 cm (7 inches).
- the movable head is rotated by 440 ° while approaching 7.6 cm (3 inches) along the axis of both heads facing in parallel to the direction of the fixed head, and then 6.4 cm (2. 5 cycles), a one-cycle bending test in which the movements were performed in the opposite direction to return the movable head to the initial position was repeated 1000 cycles continuously at a rate of 40 cycles per minute. .
- Implementation was at 5 ° C. Thereafter, the number of pinholes generated in a portion within 17.8 cm (7 inches) ⁇ 27.9 cm (11 inches) excluding the portion fixed to the outer periphery of the fixed head and the movable head of the tested film was measured (ie, 497Cm 2 was measured number pinholes (77 square inches) per).
- the peel strength at the joint surface between the untreated surface of the polyester film and the polyolefin resin layer was measured.
- the tensile speed was 10 cm / min and the peeling angle was 180 degrees.
- Example 1 A master batch containing PBT resin (Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Novaduran 5020, melting point 220 ° C.) and calcium carbonate as a lubricant was added using a twin screw vent type extruder, and the mixture was formulated to a lubricant concentration of 2000 ppm. After being melted at 0 ° C., it was cast from a T-die at 270 ° C. and adhered to a cooling roll at 0 ° C. by an electrostatic adhesion method to obtain an unstretched film. When the surface temperature of the cooling roll was measured at 10 cm intervals in the width direction (thermocouple), the variation was 3 ° C. or less.
- PBT resin Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Novaduran 5020, melting point 220 ° C.
- calcium carbonate calcium carbonate
- the film was stretched 3.2 times in the machine direction at 60 ° C., then stretched 3 times in the transverse direction at 80 ° C. through a tenter, and subjected to tension heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 3 seconds and relaxation treatment for 1 second. Thereafter, both ends were cut and removed to obtain a PBT film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the film forming conditions, physical properties, and evaluation results of the obtained film. The orientation axis angle at the film edge was 35 degrees, and the distortion of the sample after measuring the heat shrinkage rate was slight.
- Example 2 Add a masterbatch containing PBT resin (Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Novaduran 5020) and calcium carbonate as a lubricant using a twin screw vent type extruder, and melt at 270 ° C. to blend the lubricant concentration to 2000 ppm. After that, the melt line was introduced into a 12-element static mixer (STMX). Thereby, the PBT melt was divided and laminated to obtain a multilayer melt made of the same raw material. Thereafter, the film was introduced into a T-die at 270 ° C., cast, and adhered to a cooling roll at 15 ° C. by an electrostatic adhesion method to obtain an unstretched film.
- PBT resin Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Novaduran 5020
- calcium carbonate calcium carbonate
- the variation was 3 ° C. or less.
- the film was stretched 3.8 times in the machine direction at 60 ° C., then passed through a tenter and stretched 3 times in the transverse direction at 65 ° C., and subjected to tension heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 3 seconds and relaxation treatment for 1 second. Thereafter, both ends were cut and removed to obtain a PBT film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the film forming conditions, physical properties, and evaluation results of the obtained film. The orientation axis angle at the film edge was 25 degrees, and the distortion of the sample after measuring the heat shrinkage rate was slight.
- Examples 3 to 4 Films were obtained under the conditions described in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows the film forming conditions, physical properties, and evaluation results of the obtained film.
- Ecoflex registered trademark
- PBAT polybutylene adipate butylene terephthalate copolymer
- Example 1 Film formation was examined by the method described in Example 1 except that the cooling roll temperature at the time of casting was 15 ° C. Table 2 shows the film forming conditions. The unstretched film was broken during MD stretching, and a film could not be obtained.
- the polyester film of the present invention is a crystal produced by a difference in the shear rate in discharging a molten resin from a die in the width direction and the cooling rate in casting in order to suppress breakage that occurs when stretching a PBT having a high crystallization rate.
- the present invention can be industrially implemented and can improve the balance of mechanical properties in MD and TD directions, impact resistance, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
これらは、後述のその他のポリエステル樹脂や添加剤の量とのバランスでフィルムのインパクト強度や突き刺し強度が満足できる範囲で、個々のモノマーの共重合量を調整する必要がある。
これらの添加剤の添加量の下限は0質量%であり、上限は20質量%であることが好ましい。20%を超えると上記効果が飽和するほか、フィルムの透明性が低下するなどが起こることがある。
なお、一台の押出機のみを用いて、押出機からダイまでのメルトラインに上述の多層化装置を導入する方法が装置の簡便性、各原料の管理の面からも好ましい方法である。
チルロールの幅方向の温度差は小さいほうが良く、好ましい温度差は5℃以下であり、さらに好ましくは3℃以下である。温度差が5℃を超える場合はキャスティング時に未延伸フィルムの幅方向の結晶化度の差を小さく出来ないことがある。
JIS Z8807 8(液中ひょう量法)に準じて各サンプルの23℃における比重を島津製作所比重測定装置SGM-300Pを用いて測定した。
幅方向比重の差は、得られた未延伸フィルムから幅方向で10点サンプルを採取し、上記方法で比重を測定し、得られた結果の最大値から最小値を引いた値を最小値で除することにより求めた。
JIS K7113に準ずる。剃刀を用いて、フィルムから幅10mm、長さ100mmの試料を切り出した。切り出した試料を23℃、35%RHの雰囲気下で12時間放置したあと、23℃、35%RHの雰囲気下、チャック間距離40mm、引っ張り速度200mm/分の条件で測定を行い、5回の測定結果の平均値を用いた。測定装置としては島津製作所社製オートグラフAG5000Aを用いた。
ロールサンプルから幅方向で10点サンプルを採取した。そのサンプルについてJISK7142-1996 5.1(A法)により、ナトリウムD線を光源としてアッベ屈折計によりフィルム長手方向の屈折率(nx)、幅方向の屈折率(ny)、厚み方向の屈折率(nz)を測定し、下記式によって面配向係数(ΔP)を算出した。なお、得られた面配向係数の平均値を面配向係数とした。
ΔP=(nx+ny)/2-nz
幅方向の面配向係数差は、上記の10点のサンプルの最大値と最小値の差とした。
王子計測器株式会社製MOA-6004型分子配向計を用いて、フィルム端部の分子鎖配向主軸の配向角(θ)を求めた。
株式会社東洋精機製作所製のインパクトテスターを用い、23℃の雰囲気下におけるフィルムの衝撃打ち抜きに対する強度を測定した。衝撃球面は、直径1/2インチのものを用いた。単位はJ/μmである。
食品衛生法における「食品、添加物等の規格基準 第3:器具及び容器包装」(昭和57年厚生省告示第20号)の「2.強度等試験法」に準拠して測定した。先端部直径0.7mmの針を、突刺し速度50mm/分でフィルムに突き刺し、針がフィルムを貫通する際の強度を測定して、突き刺し強度とした。測定は常温(23℃)で行い、単位はNである。
本発明にかかるフィルムとシーラント(東洋紡社製無延伸プロピレンフィルム、P1146、厚み70μm)とを、ポリエステルポリオール(東洋モートン社製、TM-509)33.6質量部、ポリイソシアネート(東洋モートン社製、CAT-10L)4.0質量部、及び酢酸エチル62.4質量部を混合して得られたウレタン系接着剤を使用してドライラミネートし、積層体を作製した。
上記積層体を20.3cm(8インチ)×27.9cm(11インチ)の大きさに切断し、その切断後の長方形テストフィルムを、温度23℃の相対湿度50%の条件下に、24時間以上放置してコンディショニングした。しかる後、その長方形テストフィルムを巻架して長さ20.32cm(8インチ)の円筒状にする。そして、その円筒状フィルムの一端を、ゲルボフレックステスター(理学工業社製、NO.901型)(MIL-B-131Cの規格に準拠)の円盤状固定ヘッドの外周に固定し、円筒状フィルムの他端を、固定ヘッドと17.8cm(7インチ)隔てて対向したテスターの円盤状可動ヘッドの外周に固定した。そして、可動ヘッドを固定ヘッドの方向に、平行に対向した両ヘッドの軸に沿って7.6cm(3インチ)接近させる間に440゜回転させ、続いて回転させることなく6.4cm(2.5インチ)直進させた後、それらの動作を逆向きに実行させて可動ヘッドを最初の位置に戻すという1サイクルの屈曲テストを、1分間あたり40サイクルの速度で、連続して1000サイクル繰り返した。実施は5℃で行った。しかる後に、テストしたフィルムの固定ヘッドおよび可動ヘッドの外周に固定した部分を除く17.8cm(7インチ)×27.9cm(11インチ)内の部分に生じたピンホール数を計測した(すなわち、497cm2(77平方インチ)当たりのピンホール数を計測した)。
ポリエステル0.1gをフェノール/テトラクロロエタン(容積比:3/2)の混合溶媒25mL中に溶解させ、30℃でオストワルド粘度計を用いてポリエステルの固有粘度を測定した。
SII社製示差走査型熱量計(DSC)を用い、サンプル量10mg、昇温速度20℃/分で測定した。ここで検知された融解吸熱ピーク温度をポリエステルの融点とした。
JIS-Z-1702準拠の方法でフィルムの厚みを測定した。
試験温度150℃、加熱時間10分間とした以外は、JIS-C-2318記載の寸法変化試験法で熱収縮率を測定した。
JIS-K-7105に準ずる方法で、試料をヘイズメーター(日本電色工業社製、NDH2000)を用いて異なる箇所3ヶ所についてヘイズを測定し、その平均値をヘイズとした。
得られたフィルムロールの中央部から縦方向にフィルム片を切り出し、5cmピッチでダイアルゲージを用いてフィルムの厚みを測定し、その結果から厚みの均一性を算出した。
本発明にかかるフィルムとシーラント(東洋紡製無延伸プロピレンフィルム、P1146、厚み70μm)とを、ポリエステルポリオール(東洋モートン社製、TM-509)33.6質量部、ポリイソシアネート(東洋モートン社製、CAT-10L)4.0質量部、及び酢酸エチル62.4質量部を混合して得られたウレタン系接着剤を使用してドライラミネートし、積層体を作製した。
上記積層体を、幅15mm、長さ200mmに切り出して試験片とし、東洋ボールドウイン社製の「テンシロンUMT-II-500型」を用いて、温度23℃、相対湿度65%の条件下で、ポリエステルフィルムの未処理面とポリオレフィン樹脂層との接合面での剥離強度を測定した。なお、引張速度は10cm/分、剥離角度は180度とした。
本発明にかかるフィルムを一辺50mmの正方形に切り出し、JIS-K-7209-7.2.1(A法)に準ずる方法で、23℃±2℃の温度に保持した水に浸漬させた前後のフィルムの重量変化を測定した。吸湿率は下記式(1)により算出した。
吸湿率(%)=100×(〔M2〕-〔M1〕)/〔M1〕 (1)
なお、上記式(1)において、〔M1〕は水浸漬前のフィルム重量、〔M2〕は水浸漬後のフィルム重量である。
2軸ベント式押出機を用いてPBT樹脂(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック製ノバデュラン5020、融点220℃)と滑剤としての炭酸カルシウムを含むマスターバッチを添加し、滑剤濃度として2000ppmとなるように配合したものを270℃で溶融させた後、270℃のT-ダイスからキャストし、0℃の冷却ロールに静電密着法により密着させて未延伸フィルムを得た。冷却ロールの表面温度について、幅方向に10cm間隔で測定(熱電対)したところ、そのばらつきは3℃以下であった。次いで、60℃で縦方向に3.2倍ロール延伸し、次いで、テンターに通して80℃で横方向に3倍延伸し、200℃で3秒間の緊張熱処理と1秒間の緩和処理を実施した後、両端部を切断除去して厚みが12μmのPBTフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの製膜条件、物性および評価結果を表1に示した。なお、フィルム端部での配向軸角度は35度であり、熱収縮率測定後のサンプルの歪みは僅かであった。
2軸ベント式押出機を用いてPBT樹脂(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック製ノバデュラン5020)と滑剤としての炭酸カルシウムを含むマスターバッチを添加し、滑剤濃度として2000ppmとなるように配合したものを270℃で溶融させた後、メルトラインを12エレメントのスタティックミキサー(STMX)に導入した。これにより、PBT溶融体の分割・積層を行い、同一の原料からなる多層溶融体を得た。その後、270℃のT-ダイスに導入してキャストし、15℃の冷却ロールに静電密着法により密着させて未延伸フィルムを得た。冷却ロールの表面温度について、幅方向に10cm間隔で測定(熱電対)したところ、そのばらつきは3℃以下であった。次いで、60℃で縦方向に3.8倍ロール延伸し、次いで、テンターに通して65℃で横方向に3倍延伸し、200℃で3秒間の緊張熱処理と1秒間の緩和処理を実施した後、両端部を切断除去して厚みが12μmのPBTフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの製膜条件、物性および評価結果を表1に示した。なお、フィルム端部での配向軸角度は25度であり、熱収縮率測定後のサンプルの歪みは僅かであった。
表1記載の条件によりフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの製膜条件、物性および評価結果を表1に示した。なお、Ecoflex(登録商標)はBASF社製のポリブチレンアジペートブチレンテレフタレート共重合体(PBAT)を用いた。
キャスト時の冷却ロール温度を15℃とした以外は実施例1記載の方法でフィルム化を検討した。表2に製膜条件を示す。未延伸フィルムのMD延伸時に破断し、フィルムを得ることができなかった。
表2記載の条件によりフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの製膜条件、物性および評価結果を表2に示した。
表2記載の条件により得られた未延伸フィルムをサンプルとして用いた。厚みは20μmとなるように、巻き取り速度を調整してフィルムを製膜した。なお、フィルム端部での配向軸角度は5度以下であり、熱収縮率測定後のサンプルの歪みは見られなかった。
東洋紡社製東洋紡エステル(登録商標)フィルムE5100(厚さ12μm)を用いた。
代表的なPBTフィルムとして、市販されている関西化学工業社製PBTフィルムを用いた。フィルム端部での配向軸角度は5度以下であり、熱収縮率測定後のサンプルの歪みは見られなかった。
Claims (5)
- ポリブチレンテレフタレートを60質量%以上含むポリエステル樹脂からなり、MDの破断伸度80%以上、TDの破断伸度80%以上、面配向が0.12~0.14、インパクト強度が0.05J/μm以上、および突き刺し強度が0.5N/μm以上であるポリエステルフィルム。
- 延伸後のフィルムの全幅を10等分して測定される面配向係数の最大値と最小値の差が0.02以下である請求項1に記載のポリエステルフィルム。
- 延伸後のフィルムの全幅での厚みの最大値と最小値の差が平均厚みに対して0~25%である請求項1または2に記載のポリエステルフィルム。
- チルロールへのキャスティング時に幅方向の結晶化度の差を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリエステルフィルムの製造方法。
- 幅方向の結晶化度の差を小さくする方法が、チルロールへのキャスティングを低温で行うこと、および/または、同一の組成の原料を多層化することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104321372A (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
KR101961002B1 (ko) | 2019-03-21 |
MY172893A (en) | 2019-12-13 |
TW201406831A (zh) | 2014-02-16 |
JP2016172454A (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
JP6194629B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
JP6202146B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
KR20150008872A (ko) | 2015-01-23 |
JP2013256110A (ja) | 2013-12-26 |
CN109111585A (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
CN104321372B (zh) | 2018-07-06 |
TWI622608B (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
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