WO2013146712A1 - 急硬性セメント - Google Patents
急硬性セメント Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013146712A1 WO2013146712A1 PCT/JP2013/058644 JP2013058644W WO2013146712A1 WO 2013146712 A1 WO2013146712 A1 WO 2013146712A1 JP 2013058644 W JP2013058644 W JP 2013058644W WO 2013146712 A1 WO2013146712 A1 WO 2013146712A1
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- cement
- hardening
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- mortar
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
- C04B20/1029—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B20/1033—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00086—Mixtures with prolonged pot-life
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
- C04B2111/766—Low temperatures, but above zero
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rapid hardening cement.
- the quick-hardening cement is made by adding a quick-hardening material such as calcium aluminate to the cement, and is characterized in that it can exhibit high strength in a very short time compared to ordinary Portland cement. For this reason, rapid-hardening cement has been put to practical use as paste, mortar, and concrete, for example, as a repair material, a spraying material for tunnels, and an early mold release material for concrete secondary products.
- a quick-hardening material such as calcium aluminate
- Examples of the quick-hardening cement include spraying materials made of a quick setting aid in which alkanolamine is added to calcium aluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, or calcium aluminosilicate (Japanese Patent No.
- the quick setting cement is kneaded with water using an aggregate or the like and placed. For this reason, it is necessary to maintain fluidity for a certain time required for kneading and placing.
- the setting and hardening time for gelation is short, and the setting time, particularly at a low temperature of about 0 to 10 ° C., is sufficient. In some cases, it could not be secured.
- Patent Document 3 a method for ensuring fluidity by adding a coagulation regulator such as oxycarboxylic acid such as citric acid or a salt thereof, Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7
- a method of modifying cement with water is also known, but there is still room for improvement from the viewpoint of extending the setting and hardening time.
- an object of the present invention is to search for an effective method for prolonging the setting and hardening time in a low-temperature environment, and to provide a quick-setting cement having an extended setting and hardening time.
- this invention makes it another subject to provide the preparation method of such a quick-hardening cement.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems, and after modifying the cement with a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent in advance, mixing with a rapid hardening material ensures a long gelation time and a setting and hardening time. At the same time, it has been found that it is possible to prepare a quick-hardening cement having a short-time strength. Usually, the modification of cement with water ensures the setting and hardening time but does not ensure the strength. Moreover, it is not possible to ensure sufficient coagulation hardening time and short-time strength only by adding a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent.
- the present invention completed based on the above knowledge is (A) a cement that has been surface-modified in advance with a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent as a modifying agent, and (B) a rapid hardening material comprising calcium aluminate and gypsum. And (C) a quick-hardening cement containing a setting modifier.
- the addition amount of the modifier is 0.1 to 1.0% by mass with respect to the cement before the modification.
- the quick-hardening material is 5 to 30% by weight in the total weight of the modified cement and the quick-hardening material
- (C) setting The adjusting agent is 0.01 to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the modified cement and the hardened material.
- the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicating OH groups and hydrates after 0.1 minute from the start of water injection is expressed as “I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 ( 0.13 ) ”, and the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicating the OH group and hydrate at the time of curing is“ I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (cured) ”, I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (0.1 Min) / I 3600 cm @ -1 (curing) ⁇ 0.2 .
- the present invention is a cement paste, cement mortar, or cement concrete using the rapid hardening cement according to the present invention.
- the gelation time at 1 ° C. increase at 5 ° C. is 10 minutes or more.
- the curing time at 5 ° C. is 20 minutes or more.
- the present invention is a cured product of the cement paste, cement mortar, or cement concrete according to the present invention.
- the present invention is a method for using cement paste, cement mortar, or cement concrete, which comprises placing the cement paste, cement mortar, or cement concrete according to the present invention in a temperature environment of 1 to 10 ° C. .
- the surface 1 of the cement is modified with a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent as a modifier, and the surface-modified cement is rapidly hardened with calcium aluminate and gypsum. It is a manufacturing method of a rapid hardening cement including the process 2 which mixes, and the process 3 which adds a setting regulator at arbitrary time points.
- the rapid hardening cement according to the present invention has a long setting and hardening time for gelation and hardening, a sufficient working time can be secured at the time of placing.
- the quick-hardening cement according to the present invention contains cement as a base component. There are no particular restrictions on the cement, but ordinary cement, early-strength cement, ultra-early-strength cement, moderately hot cement, sulfate-resistant cement, low-heat cement, oil well cement and other Portland cement, and blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, and silica Any of mixed cement such as cement and eco-cement can be used.
- the content of the modified cement in the quick-setting cement is not particularly limited, but is typically 70 to 95% by mass with respect to the total mass of the modified cement and the quick-hardening material. More typically 75-95% by weight.
- the cement before the cement is mixed with the rapid hardening material, the cement is treated in advance by using a polycarboxylic acid-based (typically polycarboxylic acid-based polymer compound-based) water reducing agent as a modifier.
- a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent is adsorbed on the surface of cement particles, thereby exerting an effect of prolonging the setting and hardening time. Even if the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is added after the cement is mixed with the rapid hardening material or at the same time when the cement is mixed with the rapid hardening material, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.
- water reducing agents include lignin (typically lignin sulfonate), melamine (typically melamine sulfonate), and naphthalene (typically naphthalene sulfonate).
- lignin typically lignin sulfonate
- melamine typically melamine sulfonate
- naphthalene typically naphthalene sulfonate
- a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent is generally a chemical admixture called a high performance AE water reducing agent or a high performance water reducing agent, and a carboxyl group or a hydrogen atom at its terminal is converted to a metal in the chemical structural formula.
- a comb-type graft copolymer having a substituted group and having a polyoxyethylene chain in the side chain is used as a molecular skeleton, and the copolymer serves as a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent component.
- Polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents can be classified into two types: olefin-maleate copolymer systems and acrylate-acrylate esters.
- This system includes compounds generally referred to as polycarboxylic acid ether-based, polyether carboxylic acid-based, carboxyl group (—COOH) and sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H) -containing multi-component polymers.
- the polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent includes a (meth) acrylic acid-based copolymer having a polyalkylene glycol chain and a maleic acid-based copolymer having a polyalkylene glycol chain, which are used alone. Alternatively, two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- the polymer pendant-type chain has a plurality of oxyalkylene or carboxyl groups, and the oxyalkylene group is the main component of the polymer, P
- (EO) acrylic acid include polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycol obtained by grafting acrylic acid.
- maleic acid-based copolymers having a polyalkylene glycol chain examples include methyl polyethylene glycol vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyethylene glycol allyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, methyl polyethylene glycol allyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer. And a methyl methacrylate polyethylene glycol-maleic acid copolymer.
- Examples of commercially available polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agents are “Darlex Super 100, 200, 300, 1000N” series (Grace Chemicals Co., Ltd.), “Reobuild SP-8” of polycarboxylic acid polymer compounds. Series (BASF Pozzolith Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent is preferably about 10 to 40% by mass of the polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent (in terms of solid content) and about 60 to 90% by mass of water. Thereby, since the viscosity is low, spraying is possible so as not to solidify at the tip of the nozzle during spraying.
- the modification method is not particularly limited as long as the modifier can be adsorbed on the surface of the cement, but in the form of an aqueous solution so that it is uniformly dispersed when added to the cement, it is sprayed onto the cement. Is preferably added to the cement, and more preferably gasified by heating and sprayed. Thereafter, it is preferable to perform kneading so that the modifier spreads throughout the cement.
- the spray nozzle used for spraying any spray nozzle generally used in applications such as coating, humidity adjustment, and humidification can be used.
- the method of reforming the cement by increasing the pressure of the liquid or air and making it as fine as possible from the nozzle, the method of gasifying the modifier and mixing and adsorbing with a fluidized bed, etc. are effective. It is. Further, it is possible to modify the cement by spraying it from a spray nozzle while continuing the mixing and grinding with a ball mill or the like.
- the particle size of the modifying agent to be granulated is about 10 to 200 ⁇ m in the spray nozzle, and is considered to be several ⁇ m when it is formed into droplets in the mixed adsorption operation. In mixed grinding such as a ball mill, the particle size is the same order as the particle size. It is about 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the content of water in the modifier is preferably about 60% by mass or more, and a polycarboxylic acid exhibiting a reforming function
- the amount of the water reducing agent (in terms of solid content) is preferably about 90% by mass or less so as not to be extremely reduced.
- the modifier often contains water. For this reason, excessive addition increases the relative humidity of the atmosphere such as air around the cement during the spraying operation, causing condensation in the mixing or transporting equipment, water adsorbing on the cement surface, and the strength development performance of the cement Inhibits.
- the modifier should be added in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more with respect to the cement before the modification. Preferably, 0.2% by mass or more is added.
- the modifier is chemically adsorbed on the cement surface, and the adsorption time is fast in seconds. For this reason, a mixed reforming time of several seconds to 60 seconds is sufficient. It is not desorbed by physical operation other than evaporation. For this reason, in the reforming operation, when the cement is received from the lorry vehicle by pneumatic transportation into the raw material tank, the modifying agent is sprayed from the spray nozzle when the raw material is fed in the transport duct, or mixed and pulverized by a ball mill or the like. It is possible to spray the modifier from the spray nozzle during the operation. After the modification, the modifier is chemically and strongly adsorbed on the surface of the cement particles, so that the cement can be subsequently subjected to physical unit operations such as a mixing operation with the rapid hardening material.
- Rapid hardwood> (1) Calcium aluminate Calcium aluminate is a component generally used as a rapid hardening material, and is indispensable for exhibiting rapid hardening. Usually, it is a mineral obtained by synthesizing a CaO raw material, an Al 2 O 3 raw material, and optionally a SiO 2 raw material, etc. at 1,200 to 1,700 ° C. in an electric furnace or kiln and gradually cooling or quenching. As an exemplary composition, CaO is 35 to 50% by mass, Al 2 O 3 is 40 to 55% by mass, and SiO 2 is 1 to 15% by mass.
- Calcium aluminate can be in either crystalline or glassy form, but is preferably glassy obtained by quenching the melt with an electric furnace or the like.
- the fineness of calcium aluminate is preferably 3,000 to 9,000 cm 2 / g in terms of Blaine specific surface area (hereinafter referred to as Blaine value).
- Gypsum Gypsum is also an important component as a quick-hardening material and, together with the hydration of calcium aluminate, acts to form the quick-hardening hydrate Ettringite, which is indispensable for the quick-hardening cement according to the present invention. . If the gypsum content is too high, abnormal expansion will occur after curing, while if it is too low, the rapid hardening performance will be insufficient. Therefore, the content is preferably 2 to 30% by mass in the rapid setting cement, and 5 to 25% by mass. Is more preferable.
- the gypsum may be any of anhydrous gypsum, dihydrate gypsum, and hemihydrate gypsum.
- the fineness of gypsum is preferably 3,000 to 9,000 cm 2 / g in terms of Blaine value.
- the rapid hardening material (calcium aluminate and gypsum) is 5 to 30% by mass in the total mass of the modified cement and the rapid hardening material, and more preferably 5 to 25 parts by mass in total. If the total of calcium aluminate and gypsum is less than 5% by mass, it is difficult to exhibit rapid hardening performance in which the compressive strength for 3 hours in mortar / concrete is 20 MPa or more, and even if the added amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, The rapid hardening performance, which is a 3 hour compressive strength, does not increase, and tends to cause abnormal expansion after curing.
- Setting agent> In the present invention, it is essential to add a coagulation adjusting agent such as carbonate and oxycarboxylic acid.
- the carbonate include potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
- oxycarboxylic acids include oxycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, adipic acid, and succinic acid, and salts thereof.
- Examples of the oxycarboxylate include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and aluminum salts of the above acids, and examples include sodium citrate and sodium gluconate.
- the setting modifier can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the setting modifier is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2% with respect to the total mass of the modified cement and the rapid hardening material (calcium aluminate + gypsum). Add mass%. If the setting modifier is less than 0.01% by mass, sufficient gelation time cannot be secured. Even if the addition amount exceeds 5% by mass, the gelation time may be shortened. It is difficult to stably secure a time, for example, a gelation time of 10 minutes or more.
- the setting modifier can be added to the cement and / or the hardened material at any time.
- gelation time is defined as one of the indexes for evaluating the setting and hardening characteristics of rapid-hardening cement.
- the amount is not particularly limited as long as the total of the quick-hardening cement, sand and water satisfies the condition of 460 g.
- the setting modifier is 10 g
- the time required to increase by 1 ° C. is referred to as “1 ° C.
- the setting time is defined as one of the indexes for evaluating the setting and hardening characteristics of the rapid setting cement.
- the setting time is determined by measuring the relationship between the time after the start of water injection and the temperature rise when adding 60 g of water to 400 g of the rapid hardening cement mortar, and until the temperature of the kneaded cement mortar rises by 5 ° C. due to heat generated by hardening. It's time.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an example of the relationship between the elapsed time after the start of water pouring and the temperature rise when water is added to the rapid-hardening cement mortar according to the present invention and hardened under the condition of 5 ° C.
- Rapid hardened cement mortar loses its fluidity with increasing temperature due to gelation and hardening.
- the viscosity of the rapid-hardening cement mortar is increased, and when it is cured, the rapid-hardening mortar is cured and the strength is rapidly increased.
- the strength of the mortar hardened body exceeds 20 Mpa, which is put to practical use as a civil engineering structure.
- the viscosity is about 800 cps immediately after kneading of the rapid hardening cement mortar, but with the gelation, the viscosity of the rapid hardening cement mortar exceeds 10,000 cps, kneading with a mixer, injection of the rapid hardening mortar, It is difficult to secure operations such as placing and compacting.
- the viscosity of the quick-hardening cement mortar after kneading is the J-rote non-shrink mortar quality control test method (Japan Highway Public Corporation Standard JHS 312), and the funnel is KC-57 J ), Mortar flow shown in JIS R5210, rotational viscosity measurement method according to JIS Z8803 “liquid viscosity-measurement method”, and the like.
- rapid-setting cement mortar hardens after the curing time has elapsed, and records about 1 N / mm 2 by the Procter penetration resistance test method (JIS A 6204 Annex I).
- the gelation time and setting time are too short, construct a structure with cement concrete, etc. with the addition of aggregate (sand, gravel, etc.) to rapid hardening cement paste, or repair work with cement mortar with addition of sand, etc. It becomes impossible to ensure the work time generally performed. It is desirable that the gelation time and the curing time at 5 ° C. be sufficiently long in order to practically perform mass placement with mortar, concrete, etc. using a concrete pump or the like at a construction site in the cold season.
- the gelation time for increasing the temperature by 1 ° C. or 2 ° C. in an environment at 5 ° C. is 10 minutes or more. It can be 20 minutes.
- the setting time at 5 ° C. is 20 minutes or more, preferably 25 minutes or more, for example, 25 to 80 minutes. Can do.
- the compressive strength at 5 ° C. for 3 hours is ensured to be 20 MPa or more, and typically 20 to 30 MPa is ensured. If it is less than 20 MPa, the strength is insufficient and the practical strength for civil engineering and building applications is not reached.
- the 3-hour compressive strength is a value obtained by measuring the compressive strength of cement mortar after elapse of 3 hours from the start of water injection according to the “cement physical test method” of JIS R5201.
- Absorption spectrum by diffuse reflection FT-IR of rapid hardening cement is, 3600cm -1, 1400cm -1, indicating a high peak value at 1100 cm -1.
- the peak values at 1400 cm ⁇ 1 and 1100 cm ⁇ 1 are almost constant from immediately after the paste is poured to hardening, and this peak is a peak peculiar to the rapid-hardening cement constituent material.
- the peak near 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicates the surface OH groups and hydrates.
- the intensity of the peak around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 gradually increases with the progress of the hydration reaction after the start of water injection.
- the increase in the absorption peak intensity is slow based on the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 when the curing time has elapsed. For example, I 3600 cm-1 at a short time after the start of water injection is low, and the hydration reaction hardly proceeds.
- the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicating OH groups and hydrates after 0.1 minute from the start of water injection is expressed as “I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (0 .1 minute) ”, and the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicating the OH group and hydrate at the time of curing is“ I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (cured) ”, I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (0.1 minute) ) / I 3600 cm -1 (curing) ⁇ 0.2, typically 0.01 ⁇ I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (0.1 min) / I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (curing) ⁇ 0.1.
- the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicating OH groups and hydrates after 17 minutes from the start of water injection is expressed as “I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (17 minutes). ”
- the absorption peak intensity around 3600 cm ⁇ 1 indicating the OH group and hydrate at the time of curing is“ I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (cured) ”, I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (17 minutes) / I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (Hardening) ⁇ 0.6, typically 0.3 ⁇ I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (17 minutes) / I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 (hardening) ⁇ 0.5.
- the quick-hardening cement according to the present invention has high workability and workability because the setting and hardening time is long. For this reason, for example, a grader, a bulldozer, a finisher or the like can be used to spread and further high strength can be obtained at an early stage by compacting and rolling with a hammer, a tire roller, a vibration roller, or the like.
- the rapid-hardening cement according to the present invention is particularly excellent in workability and workability in a low-temperature environment, and can be suitably used for placing in a temperature environment of 1 to 10 ° C., for example.
- the hardened cement paste according to the present invention is a hardened mortar or concrete, for example, in tunnels such as roads, railways, water conduits, etc. It can be used sometimes.
- the quick-hardening cement according to the present invention can be manufactured by modifying the cement in advance by the above-described method and then mixing the quick-hardening material.
- the order of addition of other components is not particularly limited. Then, by adding water to the rapid-hardening cement and kneading the raw materials with a general mixer, preferably a forced kneading mixer, a quick-hardening cement paste can be produced. If the amount of water added is too large, material separation occurs, but if it is too small, fluidity cannot be obtained. Therefore, 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rapid hardening cement (excluding sand and gravel). The amount is preferably 15 to 45 parts by mass, and typically 20 to 40 parts by mass.
- Example 1 Ordinary Portland cement (cement No. 1) manufactured by Aoki Factory of Electrochemical Industry Co., Ltd. was prepared.
- cement no. 1 shows the amount of each substance in cement by Rietveld method and the result of chemical analysis by JIS R5202. Specifically, in the Rietveld method, “SIROQUANT Version 2.5” (manufactured by Sietronics) was used to quantify the amount of substance from the diffraction intensity by powder X-ray diffraction.
- Table 3 also shows cement No. 1 shows density and brane value measured by JIS R5201 “Physical Test Method for Cement”.
- Cement No. 1 was modified according to the experiment number using various modifiers such as a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent, water, and a coagulation regulator described in Table 5.
- the modification method is cement no. While 1 was rotated at a peripheral speed of 60 m / s with a rocking plate type mixer (Chiyoda Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd .: Omnimixer), the modifier was added by spraying and the rotation was continued for 1 minute. Details of the modifiers listed in Table 5 are as follows.
- ⁇ Polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent aqueous solution of “Darlex Super 1000N (trade name)” manufactured by Grace Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ -NS Naphthalene-based water reducing agent
- FT-500V trade name
- -Setting controller An aqueous solution of a 50:50 [mass ratio] mixture of potassium carbonate (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) and purified citric acid (manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (water content is 67 mass%)
- ⁇ Curing characteristics> With respect to 400 g of rapid-hardening cement mortar, the relationship between the time after water pouring and the temperature rise was measured, and the setting and hardening characteristics were measured.
- Table 5 1 ° C. rise gelation time, 2 ° C. rise gelation time, curing time, 3 hours compressive strength are as defined above.
- ⁇ T max indicates the maximum temperature rise after the start of water injection kneading. After the gelation time elapses, the viscosity of the mortar increases and the mortar exhibits a stiff state. After the curing time elapses, the mortar hardens and is about 1 N / mm 2 according to the Procter penetration resistance test method (JIS A 6204 Annex I). Was recorded.
- the maximum temperature rise ⁇ T max and the 3-hour compressive strength have a correlation, and the higher the ⁇ T max is, the higher the 3-hour compressive strength is.
- the rapid-hardening admixture was modified with water. Also in this case, both the 1 ° C. rising gel time and the 2 ° C. rising gel time were 10 minutes or longer, the 5 ° C. curing time was also 20 minutes or longer, and the 3-hour compressive strength was ensured to be 20 MPa or higher.
- the specifications of the FT-IR apparatus are as follows. Manufacturer: Agilent Technologies FTS-175C Measurement method: diffuse reflection method Device conditions: resolution 8 cm, integration count 1024 times, Kubelka-Munk conversion, Background: Measured by heating KBr powder to 200 ° C. in a diffuse reflector and then cooling to 30 ° C. Operating environment: Vacuum, 30 ° C
- the FT-IR spectrum at the setting and curing stage was I 3600 cm -1 (0.1 min) ⁇ I 3600 cm -1 (17 min) ⁇ 0.1 min, 17 min, 34 min, 78 min ⁇ I 3600cm-1 (34 minutes) ⁇ I3600cm-1 (78 minutes), showing an FT-IR spectrum of unhardened rapid hardening cement paste of 0.1 minutes, 17 minutes and 34 minutes, 78 minutes
- I 3600 cm ⁇ 1 0.3 minutes after water injection is as low as 0.3, and hydration is particularly suppressed.
- the rapid cement mortar surface In order to accurately indicate the hydration rate, it can be used to predict the setting and hardening time of a rapid hardening cement paste.
- the gelation time of the rapid cement mortar is 10 minutes
- the curing time can be predicted to be secured for 20 minutes or more.
- Example 2 No. 11 Except for changing the timing of adding the modifier, Experiment No. A quick-hardening cement mortar was produced under the same conditions as in No. 1, and was cured by adding water. Specifically, unmodified cement No. 1 and the components (B) to (G) described above were mixed at the same time, and then a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent and (H) water were added and kneaded. The setting and curing characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7. Experiment No. In No. 11, as a result of adding 0.31% of the modifier at the same time as the water, the gelation time of 1 ° C. and the gelation time of 2 ° C. cannot be obtained for 10 minutes or more, and the curing time can be obtained for 20 minutes or more. ⁇ T max was as low as 38.5 ° C., and the compression strength for 3 hours was as low as 18 MPa.
- Example 3 No. 12 Except for changing the timing of adding the modifier, Experiment No. A quick-hardening cement mortar was produced under the same conditions as in No. 1, and was cured by adding water. Specifically, unmodified cement No. 1 and the components (B) to (G) described above were mixed at the same time, and then a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent and (H) water were added and kneaded. The setting and curing characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7. Experiment No. In No. 12, as a result of adding 0.62% of the modifier at the same time as water, 10 ° C. or higher gelation time was not obtained for both 1 ° C. and 2 ° C. gelation time, and curing time was 20 minutes or more. ⁇ T max was as low as 38.1 ° C., and the compression strength for 3 hours was as low as 17 MPa.
- Example 4 No. 13 Except for changing the timing of adding the modifier, Experiment No. A quick-hardening cement mortar was produced under the same conditions as in No. 1, and was cured by adding water. Specifically, with a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent, cement no. 1 and the hardened material were simultaneously modified, and the components (D) to (H) described above were mixed and kneaded at the same time. The setting and curing characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7. Experiment No. In No. 13, the gelation time increased by 1 ° C. and the gelation time increased by 2 ° C. were both 10 minutes or longer, but the curing time was not 20 minutes or longer. Moreover, (DELTA) Tmax was low at 35.5 degreeC, and the 3-hour compressive strength was also as low as 16 MPa.
Abstract
Description
特許文献3に記載されているように、クエン酸等のオキシカルボン酸やその塩のような凝結調整剤を添加することで流動性を確保する方法、特許文献6、特許文献7に記載されているようにセメントを水で改質する方法も知られているが、凝結硬化時間を長期化する観点では未だ改善の余地がある。そこで、本発明は、低温環境下において凝結硬化時間を長期化するために有効な方法を探求し、長期化された凝結硬化時間をもつ急硬性セメントを提供することを課題の一つとする。また、本発明は、そのような急硬性セメントの調製方法を提供することを別の課題の一つとする。
本発明に係る急硬性セメントにおいてはベース成分としてセメントを含有する。セメントとしては特に制限はないが、普通セメント、早強セメント、超早強セメント、中庸熱セメント、耐硫酸塩セメント、低熱セメント、油井セメント等のポルトランドセメント、及び高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、及びシリカセメント等の混合セメント、エコセメント等いずれも使用が可能である。急硬性セメント中の改質されたセメントの含有量は、特に制限はないが、典型的には、改質されたセメントと急硬材の合計質量中に対して70~95質量%とすることができ、より典型的には75~95質量%とすることができる。
本発明では、セメントを急硬材と混合する前に、予めポリカルボン酸系(典型的にはポリカルボン酸系高分子化合物系)の減水剤を改質剤として使用してセメントを処理する。理論によって本発明が限定されることを意図するものではないが、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤がセメント粒子の表面に吸着することにより、凝結硬化時間の長期化効果が発揮されると考えられる。ポリカルボン酸系減水剤は、セメントを急硬材と混合した後、又はセメントを急硬材と混合するときに同時に、添加しても十分な効果が得られない。
改質剤を添加する順序は、急硬材とセメントを混合する前に、セメントの表面に改質剤を吸着させることが必要である。急硬材とセメントを混合する時に、同時に改質剤を吸着させると短時間強度の向上が十分に確保出来ない。それ以外に、改質剤を添加する順序には特に制限はない。凝結調整剤、その他の減水剤等の混和剤を改質剤と同時にセメントに添加することもできる。もちろん、これらの混和剤は改質剤を添加した後で加えることもできる。
このように、改質剤は水を含む場合が多い。このため、過多添加すると噴霧操作時のセメント周辺の空気等の雰囲気の相対湿度が上昇し、混合、或いは輸送機器内で結露を起し、セメントの表面に水が吸着し、セメントの強度発現性能を阻害する。この為、改質剤は改質前のセメントに対して、1質量%以下で添加することが好ましく、0.5質量%以下で添加することがより好ましい。1質量%を超えると噴霧時のセメント周辺の空気等の雰囲気環境で結露が発生しやすい。
但し、改質剤の添加量が少なすぎると、ゲル化時間の長期化効果が不十分となるので、改質剤は改質前のセメントに対して、0.1質量%以上添加するのが好ましく、0.2質量%以上添加するのがより好ましい。
(1)カルシウムアルミネート
カルシウムアルミネートは急硬材として一般的に使用されている成分であり、急硬性を発揮する上で不可欠である。通常はCaO原料、Al2O3原料、並びに随意的にSiO2原料等を電気炉又はキルンで1,200~1,700℃で合成し、徐冷または急冷することにより得られる鉱物である。例示的な組成としては、CaOが35~50質量%、Al2O3が40~55質量%、SiO2が1~15質量%である。例示的な化学物質としては、3CaO・Al2O3、12CaO・7Al2O3、11CaO・7Al2O3・CaF2、CaO・Al2O3、2CaO・Al2O3・SiO2、CaO・Al2O3・2SiO2、3CaO・3Al2O3・CaF2、3CaO・2Na2O・5Al2O3等が挙げられ、12CaO・7Al2O3が好ましい。
石膏も急硬材として重要な成分であり、カルシウムアルミネートの水和と共に、急硬性水和物Ettringiteを形成する作用をすることから本発明に係る急硬性セメントには不可欠である。石膏の含有量は高すぎると硬化後の異常膨張を起こす一方で、低すぎると急硬性能が不足するので、急硬性セメント中で2~30質量%とするのが好ましく、5~25質量%とするのがより好ましい。石膏は、無水石膏、二水石膏、半水石膏の何れでもよい。
本発明においては、炭酸塩及びオキシカルボン酸類等の凝結調整剤を加える事が不可欠である。炭酸塩としては、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸リチウム、炭酸水素ナトリム、炭酸水素カリウム等が挙げられる。オキシカルボン酸類としては、クエン酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、リンゴ酸、酢酸、アジピン酸、コハク酸等のオキシカルボン酸及びこれらの塩が挙げられる。オキシカルボン酸塩としては、上記酸のナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、アンモニウム、アルミニウム塩等が挙げられ、例えば、クエン酸ナトリウム、グルコン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。凝結調整剤は単独で使用することができ、二種以上を組み合わせて使用することもできる。
本発明に係る急硬性セメントにおいては、慣用されている各種のセメント混和剤を適宜添加することができる。例えば、上記したカルシウムアルミネート及び石膏以外の急硬材、減水剤等を添加することができる。また、緻密性や膨張性を付与する為にシリカフューム等のポゾラン物質、3CaO・3Al2O3・CaSO4等の物質を適量添加する事も有効である。
(1.ゲル化時間、硬化時間及び3時間圧縮強度)
本発明では急硬性セメントの凝結硬化特性を評価するための指標の一つとして、ゲル化時間を定義する。ゲル化時間は、5℃の周囲温度において、急硬性セメント(改質されたセメント+急硬材(カルシウムアルミネート+石膏)=200g)に豊浦標準砂(200g)を混合して急硬性セメントモルタルを調製し、水(60g)を加えて460gとしたときの、注水開始後の時間と温度上昇の関係を測定し、セメントモルタルの温度が硬化に伴う発熱により1℃又は2℃上昇するまでに要する時間である。凝結調整剤やその他のセメント混和剤については、添加量が少ないので、急硬性セメント、砂及び水の合計が460gという条件を満たしていれば、その量は特に問わない。例えば、凝結調整剤が10gであれば測定は460+10=470[g]の試料に対して行うこととなる。
本発明においては、1℃上昇するまでに要する時間を“1℃上昇ゲル化時間”、2℃上昇するまでに要する時間を“2℃上昇ゲル化時間”と呼ぶ。また、本発明では急硬性セメントの凝結硬化特性を評価するための指標の一つとして、硬化時間を定義する。硬化時間は、急硬性セメントモルタル400gに水60gを添加する際の、注水開始後の時間と温度上昇の関係を測定し、混練セメントモルタルの温度が硬化に伴う発熱により5℃上昇するまでに要する時間である。図1及び図2に、5℃の条件下において、本発明に係る急硬性セメントモルタルに水を加えて凝結硬化させたときの注水開始後の経過時間と温度上昇の関係の一例を示した。
改質後のセメントを用いて調製した急硬性セメントのゲル化及び硬化時の水和挙動を調査する方法としてFT-IRスペクトルを用いる事が有効である。FT-IRスペクトルは、乾燥された急硬性セメントモルタル粉体表面で、試料の半径約3mm、深さ約1~2μmでの拡散反射赤外吸収スペクトルである為、粒子表面のOH基、水和物の定性的評価に有効と考えられる。
本発明に係る急硬性セメントは、上述した方法によって予めセメントを改質してから、急硬材を混合することにより製造可能である。その他の成分の添加順序は特に問わない。そして、当該急硬性セメントに水を加え、一般のミキサー、好ましくは強制練りミキサーにより原材料を混練りすれば急硬性セメントペーストが製造できる。水の添加量は、多すぎると材料分離が発生する一方で、少なすぎると流動性が得られないので、急硬性セメント100質量部(砂や砂利は除く)に対して、10~50質量部とするのが好ましく、15~45質量部とするのがより好ましく、典型的には20~40質量部とすることができる。
電気化学工業(株)青海工場製の普通ポルトランドセメント(セメントNo.1)を用意した。表1及び表2に、セメントNo.1のリートベルト法によるセメント中の各物質量と、JIS R5202による化学分析の結果をそれぞれ示す。リートベルト法は、具体的には、「SIROQUANT Version2.5」(Sietronics社製)を用いて粉末X線回折により回折強度から物質量を定量した。また、表3にはセメントNo.1のJIS R5201「セメントの物理試験方法」によって測定した密度及びブレーン値を示す。
表5に記載の改質剤の詳細は以下である。
・ポリカルボン酸系減水剤:グレースケミカルズ社製「ダーレックススーパー1000N(商品名)」の水溶液(水の含有量は70質量%)
・β-NS(ナフタレン系減水剤):グレースケミカルズ社製「FT-500V(商品名)」の水溶液(水の含有量は50質量%)
・凝結調整剤:炭酸カリウム(旭硝子(株)製)と精製クエン酸(扶桑化学工業(株)製)の50:50[質量比]の混合物の水溶液(水の含有量は67質量%)
(A)セメント:改質された又は未改質のセメントNo.1
(B)カルシウムアルミネート(12CaO・7Al2O3):2000kVA電気炉による約1600℃の溶融物を急冷して、吹き飛ばす工程によりガラス質化したカルシウムアルミネートを、粉末度4,500cm2/g(ブレーン値)に粉砕した電気化学工業(株)青海工場製造品(但し、実験例によっては表5に記載の方法で改質を行った。)
(C)無水石膏:粉末度4,500cm2/g(ブレーン値)に粉砕した電気化学工業(株)青海工場製造品
(D)砂:豊浦標準砂
(E)減水剤:第一工業製薬(株)製のポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系減水剤(商品名:セルフロー110P)
(F)炭酸カリウム:旭硝子(株)製造品
(G)精製クエン酸:扶桑化学工業(株)製造品
(H)水:工業用水
急硬性セメントモルタル400gについて注水混練後の時間と温度上昇の関係を測定し、凝結硬化特性を測定した。表5中、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間、硬化時間、3時間圧縮強度は先に定義した通りである。ΔTmaxは注水混練開始してからの最大温度上昇幅を示す。ゲル化時間経過後は、モルタルの粘性が上昇、モルタルはこわばり状態を呈し、硬化時間経過後は、モルタルは硬化し、プロクター貫入抵抗試験方法(JIS A 6204付属書I)により約1N/mm2を記録した。最大温度上昇幅△Tmaxと3時間圧縮強度は、相関関係を有し、△Tmaxが高い程、3時間圧縮強度が高い。
実験No.7では、水によりセメントを改質した結果、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られ、硬化時間も20分以上は得られているが、△Tmaxは37℃で低く、3時間圧縮強度も18MPaと低かった。
実験No.8では、凝結調整剤により改質した結果、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られ、硬化時間も20分以上は得られているが、△Tmaxは35.2℃で低く、3時間圧縮強度も16MPaと低かった。
実験No.9では、ナフタレン系減水剤により改質した結果、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られるが、硬化時間は20分未満となり、△Tも37.3℃で低く、更に3時間圧縮強度も18MPaと低かった。
実験No.10では、セメントをポリカルボン酸系減水剤により改質するのに加えて、急硬混和材を水で改質した。この場合も、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られ、5℃硬化時間も20分以上は得られて、3時間圧縮強度は20MPa以上確保された。
ここで、実験No.1とNo.6の急硬性セメントモルタルについては、別途、FT-IRにより注水開始してから一定時間経過したときの3600cm-1付近に現れるOH基及び水和物の存在を表す吸収ピーク強度を測定した。
メーカー:アジレント・テクノロジー社 FTS-175C
測定法:拡散反射法
装置条件:分解能8cm、積算回数1024回、Kubelka-Munk変換、
バックグラウンド:KBr粉末を拡散反射装置内200℃に加熱後、30℃に冷却して測定。
使用環境:真空、30℃
改質剤を添加するタイミングを変えた他は実験No.1と同様の条件で急硬性セメントモルタルを製造し、水を加えて硬化させた。具体的には、未改質のセメントNo.1、及び上述した(B)から(G)までの成分を同時に混合した後に、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤、(H)水を加えて混練した。例1と同様に凝結硬化特性を評価した。結果を表7に示す。実験No.11では、改質剤0.31%を水と同時に添加した結果、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られず、硬化時間も20分以上は得られず、△Tmaxは38.5℃で低く、3時間圧縮強度も18MPaと低かった。
改質剤を添加するタイミングを変えた他は実験No.1と同様の条件で急硬性セメントモルタルを製造し、水を加えて硬化させた。具体的には、未改質のセメントNo.1、及び上述した(B)から(G)までの成分を同時に混合した後に、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤、(H)水を加えて混練した。例1と同様に凝結硬化特性を評価した。結果を表7に示す。実験No.12では、改質剤0.62%を水と同時に添加した結果、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られず、硬化時間も20分以上は得られず、△Tmaxは38.1℃で低く、3時間圧縮強度も17MPaと低かった。
改質剤を添加するタイミングを変えた他は実験No.1と同様の条件で急硬性セメントモルタルを製造し、水を加えて硬化させた。具体的には、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤により、セメントNo.1及び急硬材を同時に改質させた後、及び上述した(D)から(H)までの成分を同時に混合して混練した。例1と同様に凝結硬化特性を評価した。結果を表7に示す。実験No.13では、1℃上昇ゲル化時間、2℃上昇ゲル化時間共に、10分以上は得られたが、硬化時間は20分以上は得られなかった。また、△Tmaxは35.5℃で低く、3時間圧縮強度も16MPaと低かった。
Claims (10)
- (A)改質剤のポリカルボン酸系減水剤で予め表面改質されたセメント、(B)カルシウムアルミネート及び石膏からなる急硬材、並びに、(C)凝結調整剤を含有する急硬性セメント。
- 改質剤の添加量が、改質前のセメントに対して0.1~1.0質量%である請求項1に記載の急硬性セメント。
- (B)急硬材は、改質されたセメントと急硬材の合計質量中の5~30質量%であり、(C)凝結調整剤は改質されたセメントと急硬材の合計質量に対して0.01~5質量%である請求項1又は2に記載の急硬性セメント。
- 注水開始から0.1分経過時のOH基及び水和物を示す3600cm-1付近の吸収ピーク強度を“I3600cm-1(0.1分)”とし、硬化時間経過時のOH基及び水和物を示す3600cm-1付近の吸収ピーク強度を“I3600cm-1(硬化)”とすると、I3600cm-1(0.1分)/I3600cm-1(硬化)≦0.2である請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の急硬性セメント。
- 請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の急硬性セメントを使用したセメントペースト、セメントモルタル又はセメントコンクリート。
- 5℃での1℃上昇ゲル化時間が10分以上である請求項5に記載のセメントペースト、セメントモルタル又はセメントコンクリート。
- 5℃での硬化時間が20分以上である請求項5又は6に記載のセメントペースト、セメントモルタル又はセメントコンクリート。
- 請求項5~7の何れか一項に記載のセメントペースト、セメントモルタル又はセメントコンクリートの硬化物。
- 請求項5~7の何れか一項に記載のセメントペースト、セメントモルタル又はセメントコンクリートを1~10℃の温度環境で打設することを含むセメントペースト、セメントモルタル又はセメントコンクリートの使用方法。
- 改質剤のポリカルボン酸系減水剤でセメントを表面改質する工程1と、表面改質された前記セメントをカルシウムアルミネート及び石膏からなる急硬材と混合する工程2と、任意の時点で凝結調整剤を添加する工程3とを含む急硬性セメントの製造方法。
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JP2017047639A (ja) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | セメント組成物への凝結調整剤の添加方法 |
JP2017154912A (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-07 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 収縮低減剤、セメント組成物 |
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JP2020163646A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | 混和材梱包体および混和材梱包体を用いた速硬コンクリートの製造方法 |
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CN112745094A (zh) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-04 | 河北承大环保科技有限公司 | 一种耐低温的改性水泥及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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ES2627999T3 (es) | 2017-08-01 |
EP2832706A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
JP6129157B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
MY172700A (en) | 2019-12-10 |
CN104203866A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2832706B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
JPWO2013146712A1 (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
EP2832706A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
CN104203866B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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