WO2013094634A1 - 転炉製鋼方法 - Google Patents
転炉製鋼方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013094634A1 WO2013094634A1 PCT/JP2012/082905 JP2012082905W WO2013094634A1 WO 2013094634 A1 WO2013094634 A1 WO 2013094634A1 JP 2012082905 W JP2012082905 W JP 2012082905W WO 2013094634 A1 WO2013094634 A1 WO 2013094634A1
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- lance
- molten iron
- dephosphorizing
- converter
- gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
- C21C1/025—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/32—Blowing from above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
- C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a converter steelmaking method for melting molten steel from hot metal, and in particular, CaF, which is a hatching accelerator for a dephosphorization refining agent containing CaO, for dephosphorization refining performed simultaneously with decarburization refining in the converter.
- CaF which is a hatching accelerator for a dephosphorization refining agent containing CaO, for dephosphorization refining performed simultaneously with decarburization refining in the converter.
- the present invention relates to a converter steelmaking method that can be carried out efficiently without using a two- system solvent.
- the steelmaking operation is completed by simultaneously performing dephosphorization and decarburization of hot metal in a single converter.
- the demand for the quality of steel materials has increased, and the expansion of continuous casting and secondary refining of molten steel such as vacuum degassing furnaces and ladle refining furnaces have become widespread.
- the steel output temperature in the converter rises, and as a result, the dephosphorization capacity in the converter is reduced.
- a hot metal pretreatment method in which the hot metal charged in the converter is dephosphorized in advance, and the phosphorus in the hot metal is previously removed and charged in the converter. This is because phosphorus is more efficiently dephosphorized in the hot metal step at a low temperature level, and therefore, a method of dephosphorizing in advance in the hot metal pretreatment step is advantageous.
- a refining method for hot metal pretreatment there are a torpedo car method, a ladle method, a converter method different from a converter that performs decarburization refining, and the like.
- quick lime, iron oxide, or the like is added from the top or by an injection method, and stirring by blowing a stirring gas or oxygen gas is used in combination.
- dephosphorization refining which is oxidative refining, silicon has higher affinity with oxygen than phosphorus, so silicon in the hot metal is also oxidized and removed in advance.
- desiliconization / dephosphorization refining is performed at the hot metal stage, and decarburization refining is mainly performed in the converter, thereby improving the efficiency and productivity of the converter.
- decarburization refining is mainly performed in the converter, thereby improving the efficiency and productivity of the converter.
- pretreatment of hot metal for dephosphorization reduces the thermal margin in the steelmaking process, eliminates the degree of freedom of raw materials used, and limits the amount of iron scrap recycled into the converter. There is also a problem of receiving.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that, in an oxygen blow-up converter, calcium oxide-containing powder is sprayed onto a molten metal surface together with a refining oxygen gas, and stirring is performed by blowing gas from a nozzle provided below the molten metal surface.
- a ladle slag containing aluminum oxide or a composition containing aluminum oxide By adding a ladle slag containing aluminum oxide or a composition containing aluminum oxide into the furnace, stable melting and hatching is achieved by blowing quick lime into the converter, and slag is generated through stable refining.
- a method for reducing the amount has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 has a problem in that, if the adjustment of blowing is inappropriate, quick lime blown into the converter scatters and does not stay in the furnace, but rather deteriorates efficiency.
- slag for dephosphorization refining reduces the amount of dephosphorization agent used as slag that functions as a dephosphorization refining agent.
- the main component of the dephosphorizing agent in the dephosphorization of hot metal is lime (CaO). Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of slag discharged, a technology for maintaining the necessary dephosphorization amount while reducing the amount of lime used, that is, a technology for efficiently dephosphorizing with a small amount of lime used is required.
- An object of the present invention is to propose a converter steelmaking method capable of efficiently performing dephosphorization refining when molten steel is produced by simultaneously performing decarburization and dephosphorization of hot metal in a converter. That is.
- the method of the present invention for solving the above problem is to add a powdered dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO while supplying gaseous oxygen from an upper blowing lance to decarburize and refine molten iron in the converter.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent is accompanied by at least one gas jet from an upper blowing lance and the molten iron bath surface.
- the dynamic pressure when the gas jet from the top blowing lance collides with the molten iron bath surface is set to an appropriate value. It is a converter steelmaking method characterized by controlling.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent and the gaseous oxygen are combined in the same lance, and the dephosphorizing refining agent is accompanied by a gas jet containing the gaseous oxygen. And supplying to the molten iron bath surface.
- the gaseous oxygen and the dephosphorizing agent with a carrier gas are individually supplied in the same lance, and the gaseous oxygen,
- the carrier gas for conveying the dephosphorizing agent is sprayed as a gas jet from the separate nozzles of the lance toward the molten iron bath surface.
- the appropriate value of the dynamic pressure when the gas jet containing the gaseous oxygen and the gas jet accompanying the dephosphorizing agent collide with the molten iron bath surface is 0.50 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent is any one of quick lime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, converter slag, ladle slag having a particle size of 1 mm or less, or It is characterized by being 2 or more types.
- the molten iron is decarburized by supplying gaseous oxygen into the converter and degassing and refining the molten iron while adding the powdered CaO-containing dephosphorizing refining agent and hatching to form slag.
- the powdered dephosphorizing refining agent is supplied to the molten iron bath surface along with the gas jet, so the melting of the dephosphorizing refining agent is accelerated, The dephosphorization ability of the slag is improved.
- the dephosphorizing method can be performed while maintaining the dephosphorization rate equal to or higher than the conventional method.
- the dynamic pressure when the gas jet collides with the molten iron bath surface is less than an appropriate value considering (quantitatively evaluating) the dynamic pressure increase due to the kinetic energy of the accompanying dephosphorization refining agent. Therefore, excessive scattering of molten iron and excessive scattering of the dephosphorizing refining agent to the outside of the furnace can be prevented.
- the amount of slag generated in the converter steelmaking process can be reduced, and the load on the environment can be greatly reduced.
- the dephosphorization in producing molten steel by simultaneously performing decarburization and dephosphorization of molten iron in a converter, the dephosphorization can be efficiently performed, and an industrially significant effect is achieved.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views schematically showing examples of top blowing lances used in the converter steelmaking method of the present invention. Since this upper blow lance is generally long, in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is divided into a lance body 1, a lance top 2 and a lance tip 3. 4 is a copper lance tip, 5 is an outer tube, 6 is an inner tube, 7 is an inner tube, 8 is a main hole nozzle, 9 is a gas oxygen supply pipe, 10 is a gas oxygen supply system, and 11 is a first cooling water supply.
- An exhaust system, 12 is a second cooling water supply / exhaust system, 13 is a powder supply pipe, 14 is a powder supply system, and 15 is a powder nozzle.
- the converter steelmaking method In order to smelt molten steel from hot metal that has not been subjected to preliminary dephosphorization treatment using a converter, the hot metal is charged into the converter, and a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO and gaseous oxygen such as oxygen gas. And a solid oxygen source such as iron oxide to be used as needed, carbon in the hot metal is oxidized and removed by oxygen in the oxygen source, and phosphorus in the hot metal is oxidized by the oxygen source and generated The phosphorous oxide is taken into a dephosphorizing slag composed of a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO or the like, thereby removing phosphorus in the hot metal.
- the carbon in the hot metal is oxidized and discharged as CO gas.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO also serves to prevent the occurrence of iron splash and the like by covering the hot metal bath surface.
- refining performed by blowing or bottom blowing a gaseous oxygen source such as oxygen gas onto the molten iron is referred to as “oxygen blowing”, and the gaseous oxygen source and the solid oxygen source are collectively referred to as oxygen sources.
- the hot metal preliminary treatment may be performed as necessary based on the sulfur content of the chemical composition standard of the steel type to be melted. It is not necessary to carry out dephosphorization treatment and preliminary desiliconization treatment. However, preliminary desiliconization treatment may be performed to promote dephosphorization in the converter. At the time of oxygen blowing in the converter, the silicon in the hot metal is oxidized to become SiO 2 and transferred to a dephosphorizing slag composed of a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO, etc.
- a preliminary dephosphorization process is performed in the hot metal stage, and the method of the present invention is applied at the time of converter decarburization blowing to reduce the phosphorus content. Stable production of less molten steel is possible. That is, when melting molten steel with a low phosphorus content, preliminary dephosphorization treatment may be performed.
- the mass% CaO and the mass% SiO 2 in the basicity calculation formula refer to the CaO concentration and the SiO 2 concentration in the dephosphorization slag, respectively.
- a powdery dephosphorizing agent is supplied to the hot metal bath surface along with a gas jet.
- a high oxygen potential field is locally formed by the gaseous oxygen to produce iron oxide, and the gaseous oxygen and carbon in the molten iron or molten iron
- the temperature is high due to the reaction.
- the powdered dephosphorizing agent is supplied toward the fire point accompanying the jet of gaseous oxygen.
- the lance shown in FIG. 1 the lance shown in FIG.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent is supplied from the powder nozzle to the molten iron bath surface along with the jet of the conveying gas, but it is conveyed with the gaseous oxygen and the dephosphorizing refining agent. Since both the gas jets expand to a certain extent in the radial direction from the central axis of the jet, the dephosphorizing refining agent is also partially involved in the gaseous oxygen jet and supplied to the fire point. Thereby, the dephosphorization refining agent quickly melts, and the slag optimum for the dephosphorization reaction is rapidly formed, and the dephosphorization is promoted even when the amount of the slag is small or at a high temperature.
- the kinetic energy of the powder is added to increase the dynamic pressure of collision of the gas jet with the bath surface.
- the dynamic pressure is a pressure generated by the wind pressure or flow velocity of the gas jet other than the static pressure.
- the jet conditions should be appropriately controlled, but there is no means for quantitative control so far, There was a problem that the molten iron was scattered and the metal was deposited at the furnace mouth, and the yield of the dephosphorizing agent deteriorated, leading to poor dephosphorization.
- the pressure (dynamic pressure) P at the center of the jet flow given when the gas jet jetted from each lance nozzle collides with the molten iron bath surface can be calculated by the following equations (1) to (4).
- the dynamic pressure applied to the molten iron bath surface by the gas jet may be calculated as follows. That is, in the equation (1), by calculating the gas jet density ⁇ g as in the following equation, the increase in dynamic pressure due to the kinetic energy of the dephosphorizing agent can be quantitatively evaluated.
- the bath surface dynamic pressure can be calculated by the equations (1) to (4) even when the gas jet is accompanied by a powder dephosphorizing agent.
- the actual nozzle inlet pressure of the gas ejected from the lance nozzle is from the gas nozzle inlet pressure Po calculated by the equation (3).
- the calculated value by the equation (3) is used.
- the dynamic pressure exerted on the molten iron bath by the gas jet can be calculated using equations (1) to (4), respectively.
- equations (1) to (4) the dynamic pressure exerted on the molten iron bath by the gas jet.
- a part of the dephosphorizing refining agent is involved in the gas jet of refining gas oxygen, but in this case, since the kinetic energy is only exchanged with each other, the gas jet is molten iron. The influence of the powder on the dynamic pressure on the bath surface is small and can be ignored.
- the dynamic pressure P when the gaseous oxygen jet accompanying the powder dephosphorizing agent collides with the molten iron bath surface is preferably 0.50 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the dynamic pressure P exceeds 0.50 kgf / cm 2 , the molten iron and the dephosphorizing refining agent are scattered due to the excessive dynamic pressure, the yield of the dephosphorizing refining agent is reduced, and the efficiency is deteriorated. In addition, the amount of slag is reduced, causing dephosphorization failure.
- a more preferable range of the dynamic pressure P is 0.40 kgf / cm 2 or less, and a more preferable range is 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the dynamic pressure P is preferably 0.10 kgf / cm 2 or more.
- oxygen gas including industrial pure oxygen
- air oxygen-enriched air
- oxygen gas is preferably used because the decarburization reaction rate and dephosphorization reaction rate are faster than when other gases are used.
- oxygen concentration is preferably higher than that of air in order to ensure the decarburization reaction rate and the dephosphorization reaction rate.
- a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO together with gaseous oxygen is supplied to the molten iron bath surface including the supply location of gaseous oxygen.
- the particle size of the dephosphorization refining agent containing CaO supplied together with gaseous oxygen is preferably 1 mm or less from the viewpoint of promoting hatching.
- a part of the dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO may be added separately from gaseous oxygen from a hopper or the like.
- the dephosphorizing / refining agent containing CaO used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains CaO and can be dephosphorylated, and usually contains CaO alone. Or, it contains 50% by mass or more of CaO, and other components as required.
- the other components generally include hatching accelerators.
- the present invention is a technique that makes it possible to reduce or omit hatching accelerators, it does not prohibit the addition of hatching accelerators to further improve hatching efficiency.
- the hatching accelerator include titanium oxide having a function of promoting the hatching by lowering the melting point of CaO and a substance containing aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and these can be used. . Among these, addition of titanium oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of slag viscosity.
- CaF 2 -based solvent such as fluorite can be used as a hatching accelerator.
- the CaF 2 solvent it is preferable not to use the CaF 2 solvent as a hatching accelerator from the viewpoint of protecting the environment by suppressing the amount of fluorine eluted from the slag.
- a substance in which fluorine is inevitably mixed as an impurity component may be used.
- a substance containing titanium oxide or a substance containing aluminum oxide is used as the hatching accelerator, it is preferable that it does not contain fluorine from this viewpoint.
- a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO is preferable because quick lime and limestone are inexpensive and have excellent dephosphorization ability.
- Light burned dolomite can also be used as a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO.
- dust collection dust is dust containing iron that is recovered from exhaust gas in a blast furnace, converter, and sintering process.
- gaseous oxygen supplied as an oxygen source can be supplied from an upper blowing lance.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO to the molten iron bath surface along with the gaseous oxygen
- the dephosphorizing refining agent is conveyed to the lance inlet with a conveying gas, and as shown in FIG.
- the above-mentioned addition conditions can be achieved by merging them in the same upper blowing lance and supplying them from the main hole nozzle 8.
- At least two supply systems are installed in the upper blowing lance, a gaseous oxygen source is supplied from one of the supply systems, and a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO is supplied together with the carrier gas from the other supply system.
- a gaseous oxygen source is supplied from one of the supply systems
- a dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO is supplied together with the carrier gas from the other supply system.
- the carrier gas oxygen gas, air, carbon dioxide gas, non-oxidizing gas, rare gas, reducing gas, or the like can be used alone or in combination.
- the carrier gas flow rate of the dephosphorizing refining agent is one order lower than the gas oxygen flow rate for oxygen blowing, but in this case as well, the dynamic pressure is calculated and adjusted using the equations (1) to (4). It is possible.
- the upper blow lance is at least a double pipe structure, one is a gaseous oxygen supply pipe 9 which is a flow path for gaseous oxygen, the other is a dephosphorizing refining agent and
- a powder supply pipe 13 which is a flow path for the transfer gas
- gaseous oxygen is supplied from a main hole nozzle 8 arranged on a concentric circle with the lance central axis as the center, while a dephosphorizing refining agent and a transfer gas.
- a powder nozzle 15 disposed on the center axis of the lance.
- a plurality of main hole nozzles 8 and powder nozzles 15 are arranged on a concentric circle with the lance center axis as the center, and gaseous oxygen, dephosphorizing refining agent and conveying gas are supplied from alternate (alternate) nozzle holes. You may make it do.
- at least three supply systems are installed in the top blowing lance, gaseous oxygen is supplied from one of the supply systems, and dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO is supplied together with the carrier gas from another supply system. They can be combined in the upper blowing lance, ejected from the lance nozzle, a solid oxygen source can be supplied together with the carrier gas from another supply system, and ejected from another lance nozzle.
- the dynamic pressure can be calculated and adjusted using the equations (1) to (4) after adding the supply rate of the solid oxygen source to the supply rate of the dephosphorizing refining agent.
- the mode of these lances can be selected according to the purpose of the refining operation and the degree of freedom of the lance design.
- the temperature of molten iron rises due to the heat of oxidation reaction when gaseous oxygen is used, but when a solid oxygen source is used, the sensible heat, latent heat and decomposition heat of the solid oxygen source itself are higher than the heat of oxidation reaction. Since it is large, the molten iron temperature is lowered.
- the use ratio of gaseous oxygen and solid oxygen source is set according to the hot metal temperature before converter refining and the target temperature of the obtained molten steel. Further, in order to efficiently perform the dephosphorization reaction, it is preferable to stir the molten iron, and as this stirring, gas stirring using a tuyere generally embedded in the furnace bottom may be performed.
- the FeO concentration in the slag is preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 50% by mass. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the supply amount of the oxygen source (gaseous oxygen and solid oxygen source) so that the FeO concentration in the slag can maintain this range.
- a more preferable range of the FeO concentration is 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the reduction effect of the dephosphorization refining agent according to the present invention can be widely applied to converter refining in principle, and is naturally exhibited, for example, in decarburization blowing of hot metal that has undergone preliminary dephosphorization treatment.
- Example 1 280 tons of hot metal discharged from the blast furnace was charged into a converter previously charged with 50 tons of iron scrap, and decarburization blowing was performed 5 times in total in this converter (Invention Examples 1 to 5).
- the carbon concentration, silicon concentration, and phosphorus concentration of hot metal before decarburization blowing were unified to 4.3 mass%, 0.25 mass%, and 0.12 mass%, respectively, and the hot metal temperature was about 1300 ° C.
- the carbon concentration and phosphorus concentration of the molten steel after decarburization blowing were targeted at 0.03% by mass and 0.025% by mass, respectively, and the molten steel temperature after decarburization blowing was targeted at 1670 ° C.
- decarburization blowing was performed using an upper blowing lance having two supply pipes 9 and 13 in addition to the cooling water supply and drainage systems 11 and 12. That is, gaseous oxygen is fed from the gaseous oxygen supply pipe 9, and quick lime powder (average particle size of 1 mm or less) is fed from the powder supply pipe 13 as a powdery dephosphorizing refining agent using oxygen gas as a carrier gas, Both of these were merged at the top of the lance and supplied from the main hole nozzle 8.
- the throat diameter of the main hole nozzle 8 was 55 mm, the outlet diameter was 65 mm, and four nozzles were arranged on a concentric circle centered on the lance center axis.
- the top blown oxygen flow rate including the carrier gas was kept constant at 44000 Nm 3 / hr, and the oxygen basic unit was about 45 Nm 3 / t excluding oxygen necessary for desiliconization. Further, Ar gas was blown from the tuyeres at the bottom of the converter furnace as a stirring gas at a flow rate of 0.03 to 0.30 Nm 3 / min per ton of hot metal.
- the supply speed of quicklime powder was 500 kg / min.
- the dephosphorizing refining agent containing CaO other than the above powder for forming the slag for refining granular quicklime (average particle size of about 20 mm) and dolomite (average particle size of about 20 mm, CaO content of 40% by mass) These were placed on top of the furnace from the furnace hopper. Also, decarburization blowing was performed without adding fluorine-containing substances such as fluorite.
- Example 1 decarburization blowing was also performed (Comparative Example 1) in which powdered quick lime was not charged from the lance but only granular quick lime was charged from the furnace hopper.
- the other decarburization blowing conditions of the comparative example were performed according to Invention Example 1.
- lance height Based on the distance between the tip of the lance and the molten metal surface (hereinafter referred to as lance height), Invention Example 1 has the same lance height, and Invention Examples 2 to 4 are 200 mm, 400 mm, and 600 mm from the reference height, respectively. High lance height.
- Invention Example 5 the lance height was the same as in Invention Example 2, and lime was not charged from the furnace hopper, but only powdered quick lime was charged from the lance.
- the lance height was 200 mm lower than the reference height.
- Table 1 shows the operating conditions, CaO yield, and phosphorus concentration in the molten steel after decarburization blowing in Invention Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the basic unit of CaO in Table 1 is shown as the amount (kg / ton) per 1 ton of hot metal.
- the CaO basic unit was calculated as the sum of the amount of quicklime added and the amount of CaO added in dolomite.
- the CaO yield was defined by the following formula.
- CaO yield (%) 100 ⁇ [(SiO 2 basic unit) / (CaO basic unit)] ⁇ [(slag% SiO 2 ) / (slag% CaO)]
- slag% SiO 2 and slag% CaO refer to the SiO 2 concentration (mass%) and CaO concentration (mass%) in the slag after refining, respectively.
- the phosphorus concentration in the molten steel after decarburization blown in all the inventive examples in which the bath surface collision dynamic pressure of the top blowing jet of gaseous oxygen supplied from the lance was 0.50 kgf / cm 2 or less was 0.025% by mass or less, and the CaO yield was a high value of 90% or more.
- Invention Example 5 a molten steel having a target phosphorus concentration could be obtained with a small amount of lime.
- Comparative Example 1 since the entire amount of CaO was charged on the furnace, slag formation was poor, and the phosphorus concentration in the molten steel after decarburization blowing was higher than 0.025% by mass.
- Example 2 The hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is transported to a converter with a capacity of 300 tons, preliminarily dephosphorized in this converter, and then this hot metal is charged into another converter with a capacity of 300 tons.
- a total of four decarburization blows were carried out (Invention Examples 11 to 14).
- the carbon concentration and phosphorus concentration of the hot metal after the preliminary dephosphorization treatment (before decarburization blowing) were unified to 3.0% by mass and 0.03% by mass, respectively, and the hot metal temperature was about 1360 ° C.
- the phosphorus concentration of the molten steel after decarburization blowing was targeted to be 0.015% by mass, and the carbon concentration and molten steel temperature of the molten steel after decarburization blowing were set to the same targets as in Example 1 above.
- decarburization blow smelting has two separate supply systems 10 and 14 in addition to the cooling water supply and drainage systems 11 and 12, and can supply gaseous oxygen from the gaseous oxygen supply system 10.
- Gaseous oxygen is supplied from four main hole nozzles 8 arranged concentrically around the center axis of the lance, while powdered lime powder and carrier gas are used as a dephosphorizing refining agent. It was made to supply from the single powder nozzle 15 distribute
- the top blowing oxygen flow rate, the stirring gas flow rate from the converter bottom tuyere, and the supply speed of quicklime powder were the same as in Example 1.
- the oxygen basic unit was about 35 Nm 3 / ton.
- All of the dephosphorization refining agent containing CaO for forming the dephosphorization refining slag was powdered quicklime supplied from the top blowing lance.
- Decarburization blowing was performed without adding fluorine-containing substances such as fluorite.
- decarburization blowing was also performed (Comparative Example 11) in which powdered quick lime was not charged from the lance but only granular quick lime was charged from the furnace hopper.
- the other decarburization blowing conditions of the comparative example were performed according to Invention Example 11.
- Invention Example 11 Based on the nozzle throat diameter of four nozzles arranged concentrically around the lance center axis at this time, Invention Example 11 has the same throat diameter, and Invention Examples 12 to 14 have a throat diameter larger than the reference diameter. It was. In Comparative Example 12, the throat diameter was smaller than the reference diameter. In Invention Example 14, the amount of lime supplied from the lance was reduced.
- the lance height (2800 mm) and the nozzle outlet diameter (65 mm) were constant in all the inventive examples and comparative examples.
- the single nozzle arranged on the center axis of the lance was constant at a throat diameter of 55 mm and an outlet diameter of 55 mm in all invention examples and comparative examples, and the Ar gas supply rate was constant at 1800 Nm 3 / hr.
- the dynamic pressure at the position where the gas jet from the top blowing lance nozzle collides with the molten iron bath surface is determined by the kinetic energy of quick lime powder, which is a dephosphorizing agent accompanying the jet.
- the throat diameter of each nozzle was changed according to the operating conditions so that the upper limit of the appropriate range in this equipment was 0.5 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the dynamic pressure was controlled to the value shown in.
- Table 2 shows the operating conditions, CaO yield, and phosphorus concentration in the molten steel after decarburization blowing in the inventive examples and comparative examples.
- the phosphorus concentration in the molten steel after decarburization blown in all the inventive examples in which the bath surface collision dynamic pressure of the top blowing jet of gaseous oxygen supplied from the lance was 0.50 kgf / cm 2 or less was 0.015% by mass or less, and the CaO yield was a high value of 90% or more.
- Invention Example 14 it was possible to obtain molten steel having a target phosphorus concentration with a small amount of lime.
- Comparative Example 11 since the entire amount of CaO was charged on the furnace, slag formation was poor, and the phosphorus concentration in the molten steel after decarburization blowing was higher than 0.015 mass%.
- Example 3 The hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is transported to a converter with a capacity of 300 tons, preliminarily dephosphorized in this converter, and then this hot metal is charged into another converter with a capacity of 300 tons.
- a total of four decarburization blows were performed (Invention Examples 21 to 24).
- the carbon concentration and phosphorus concentration of the hot metal after the preliminary dephosphorization treatment (before decarburization blowing) were unified to 3.0% by mass and 0.03% by mass, respectively, and the hot metal temperature was about 1360 ° C.
- the phosphorus concentration of the molten steel after decarburization blowing was set to 0.015% by mass, and the carbon concentration and molten steel temperature of the molten steel after decarburization blowing were set to the same targets as in Example 1.
- Decarburization blowing was performed using a lance having a structure similar to that of Example 1, but the throat diameter of the main hole nozzle 8 was 66 mm, the outlet diameter was 75 mm, and five pieces were provided on a concentric circle centered on the lance central axis. Arranged. All of the dephosphorization refining agent containing CaO for forming the dephosphorization refining slag was powdered quicklime supplied from the top blowing lance. Decarburization blowing was performed without adding fluorine-containing substances such as fluorite. The top blow oxygen flow rate is constant at 60000 Nm 3 / hr during the period other than the last stage of decarburization, including the time when powdered lime is supplied from the top blow lance. Blowing was performed at a reduced flow rate. The stirring gas flow rate from the converter furnace bottom tuyere and the supply speed of quicklime powder were the same as in Example 1.
- Example 21 decarburization blowing was also performed (Comparative Example 21) in which powdered quick lime was not charged from the top blowing lance but only granular quick lime was charged from the furnace hopper.
- the other decarburization blowing conditions of the comparative example were performed according to Example 21 of the present invention.
- the distance between the tip of the top blowing lance and the molten metal surface (hereinafter referred to as the lance height) at this time is used as a reference, and the present invention example 21 is the same lance height, and the present invention examples 22 to 24 are 200 mm and 400 mm from the reference height, respectively.
- the lance height was 600 mm higher.
- Comparative Example 22 the lance height was 200 mm lower than the reference height.
- the dynamic pressure at the position where the gas jet from the top blowing lance nozzle collides with the molten iron bath surface is determined by the kinetic energy of quick lime powder, which is a dephosphorizing agent accompanying the jet. After quantitatively evaluating the pressure rise, adjust the lance height according to the conditions of the equipment and operation so that the upper limit of the appropriate range in this equipment is 0.5 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the dynamic pressure was controlled to the value shown in FIG.
- Table 3 shows the operating conditions, phosphorus concentration after decarburization blowing, and CaO yield in the inventive examples and comparative examples.
- Example 4 After desiliconization of the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace in the blast furnace casting floor, preliminary dephosphorization treatment was carried out in a transfer container (torpedo car), and then this hot metal was transferred to a 300-ton capacity converter. The decarburization treatment was performed once (Examples 31 to 33 of the present invention). The carbon concentration and phosphorus concentration of the hot metal after the preliminary dephosphorization treatment (before decarburization blowing) were unified to 3.5% by mass and 0.05% by mass, respectively, and the hot metal temperature was about 1300 ° C. The phosphorus concentration of the molten steel after decarburization blowing was targeted at 0.020% by mass, and the carbon concentration and molten steel temperature of the molten steel after decarburization blowing were set at the same targets as in Example 2.
- the structure of the top blowing lance is a quadruple pipe structure in which the cooling water supply / drainage system, the oxygen gas supply system and the powdered quicklime powder supply system are separated, and oxygen gas as a gaseous oxygen source is supplied to the lance.
- the throat diameter of the nozzle for supplying the gaseous oxygen source arranged concentrically was 68 mm, and the outlet diameter was 80 mm.
- Example 31 decarburization blowing was also performed (Comparative Example 31) in which powdered quick lime was not charged from the top blowing lance but only granular quick lime was charged from the furnace hopper.
- the other decarburization blowing conditions of the comparative example were performed according to Example 31 of the present invention.
- the distance between the tip of the top blowing lance and the molten metal surface (hereinafter referred to as the lance height) at this time is used as a reference, and the present invention example 31 is the same lance height, and the present invention examples 32 to 33 are 200 mm and 400 mm from the reference height, respectively. High lance height. In Comparative Example 32, the lance height was 200 mm lower than the reference height.
- the single nozzle arranged on the lance central axis was constant at a throat diameter of 55 mm and an outlet diameter of 55 mm in all the inventive examples and comparative examples, and the oxygen gas supply rate was constant at 1800 Nm 3 / hr. That is, in Invention Examples 31 to 33, the dynamic pressure at the position where the gas jet from the top blowing lance nozzle collides with the molten iron bath surface is determined by the kinetic energy of quick lime powder, which is a dephosphorizing agent accompanying the jet. After quantitatively evaluating the pressure rise, adjust the lance height according to the conditions of the equipment and operation so that the upper limit of the appropriate range in this equipment is 0.5 kgf / cm 2 or less. The dynamic pressure was controlled to the value shown in FIG.
- Table 4 shows the operating conditions, phosphorus concentration after decarburization blowing, and CaO efficiency in the inventive examples and comparative examples.
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Abstract
Description
予備脱燐処理が施されていない溶銑から溶鋼を転炉を用いて溶製するには、転炉内に溶銑を装入し、そしてCaOを含む脱燐精錬剤と、酸素ガスなどの気体酸素源、及び必要に応じて用いられる酸化鉄などの固体酸素源とを供給し、溶銑中の炭素を酸素源中の酸素によって酸化除去するとともに、溶銑中の燐を酸素源によって酸化し、生成した燐酸化物を、CaOを含む脱燐精錬剤などからなる脱燐精錬用スラグに取り込むことにより、溶銑中の燐を除去するという方法で行われる。
個々のランスノズルから噴出される気体噴流が、溶鉄浴面に衝突する際に与える噴流の中心での圧力(動圧)Pは、下記(1)~(4)式により計算することができる。
ρg:気体噴流密度[kg/Nm3]
Uo :ランスノズルから噴出される気体噴流の噴出流速[m/sec]
de :ランスノズル出口径[mm]
Po :ランスノズルから噴出される気体のノズル入口圧力[kgf/cm2]
Lh :ランス高さ[m]
Fj:ランスノズルから噴出される気体の供給速度[Nm3/hr]
dt:ランスノズルのスロート径[mm]
ここで、個々のランスノズルから噴出される気体の供給速度Fjは、図1、2に示した例のようにランス内でガス流路が分岐する場合には、流量測定装置によって直接測定することはできないが、測定される合計のガス流量が個々のランスノズルのスロート部の断面積に比例して分配されると仮定して計算すれば、精度よく求められる。また、ここで、粉体の脱燐精錬剤を随伴する気体噴流の場合には、次のようにして気体噴流が溶鉄浴面に与える動圧を算出すれば良い。即ち、(1)式において、気体噴流密度ρgを下式のように計算することにより、脱燐精錬剤の運動エネルギーによる動圧上昇を定量的に評価できる。
Vp:粉体の脱燐精錬剤の供給速度[kg/min]
この(4)式を用いれば、気体噴流が粉体の脱燐精錬剤を随伴している場合でも(1)~(4)式によって浴面動圧を算出することが可能になる。なお、ここで、粉体と搬送ガスとがノズルから噴出する場合には、実際のランスノズルから噴出される気体のノズル入口圧力は、(3)式によって計算される気体のノズル入口圧力Poよりも高い値となるが、粉体を随伴する気体噴流の動圧を評価するには(3)式による計算値を用いる。
この場合、その他の成分としては、一般的に滓化促進剤が挙げられる。本発明は、滓化促進剤の低減或いは省略を可能とする技術ではあるが、滓化促進剤を添加して更に滓化効率を改善することを禁じるものではない。滓化促進剤としては、特に、CaOの融点を下げて滓化を促進させる作用のある酸化チタンや、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)を含有する物質が挙げられ、これらを使用することができる。中でも、スラグ粘度の観点からは酸化チタンの添加が好ましい。
高炉から出銑した溶銑280トンを、予め鉄スクラップ50トンを装入した転炉に装入し、この転炉で合計5回の脱炭吹錬を実施(発明例1~5)した。脱炭吹錬前の溶銑の炭素濃度、珪素濃度及び燐濃度は、それぞれ4.3質量%、0.25質量%、及び0.12質量%に統一し、溶銑温度は約1300℃とした。脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の炭素濃度及び燐濃度はそれぞれ0.03質量%及び0.025質量%を目標とし、脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼温度は1670℃を目標とした。
精錬用スラグを形成するための上記の粉体のもの以外のCaOを含む脱燐精錬剤としては、粒状の生石灰(平均粒度約20mm)及びドロマイト(平均粒度約20mm、CaO含有量40質量%)を用い、これらを炉上ホッパーから炉内に上置き投入した。また、ホタル石などのフッ素を含有する物質は添加しないで脱炭吹錬した。
CaO歩留り(%)=100×[(SiO2原単位)/(CaO原単位)]
÷[(スラグ%SiO2)/(スラグ%CaO)]
なお、CaO歩留りの計算式におけるスラグ%SiO2およびスラグ%CaOは、それぞれ精錬終了後のスラグ中のSiO2濃度(質量%),CaO濃度(質量%)を指す。
高炉から出銑した溶銑を300トン容量の転炉に搬送し、この転炉で予備脱燐処理を実施した後、この溶銑を別の300トン容量の転炉に装入し、この転炉で合計4回の脱炭吹錬を実施(発明例11~14)した。予備脱燐処理後(脱炭吹錬前)の溶銑の炭素濃度及び燐濃度は、それぞれ3.0質量%及び0.03質量%に統一し、溶銑温度は約1360℃とした。脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の燐濃度は0.015質量%を目標とし、脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の炭素濃度及び溶鋼温度は、上記の実施例1と同一の目標とした。
高炉から出銑した溶銑を300トン容量の転炉に搬送し、この転炉で予備脱燐処理を実施した後、この溶銑を別の300トン容量の転炉に装入し、この転炉で合計4回の脱炭吹錬を実施(本発明例21~24)した。予備脱燐処理後(脱炭吹錬前)の溶銑の炭素濃度及び燐濃度は、それぞれ3.0質量%及び0.03質量%に統一し、溶銑温度は約1360℃とした。脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の燐濃度は0.015質量%を目標とし、脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の炭素濃度及び溶鋼温度は実施例1と同一の目標とした。
高炉から出銑した溶銑を高炉鋳床で脱珪した後、搬送容器(トーピードカー)で予備脱燐処理を実施した後、この溶銑を300トン容量の転炉に搬送し、この転炉で合計3回の脱炭処理を実施(本発明例31~33)した。予備脱燐処理後(脱炭吹錬前)の溶銑の炭素濃度及び燐濃度は、それぞれ3.5質量%及び0.05質量%に統一し、溶銑温度は約1300℃とした。脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の燐濃度は0.020質量%を目標とし、脱炭吹錬後の溶鋼の炭素濃度及び溶鋼温度は実施例2と同一の目標とした。
2 ランス頂部
3 ランス先端部
4 銅製ランスチップ
5 外管
6 中管
7 内管
8 主孔ノズル
9 気体酸素供給管
10 気体酸素供給系統
11 第1冷却水給排系統
12 第2冷却水給排系統
13 粉体供給管
14 粉体供給系統
15 粉体ノズル
Claims (5)
- 転炉内に、上吹きランスから気体酸素を供給して溶鉄の脱炭精錬を行いつつ、CaOを含有する粉状脱燐精錬剤を添加することによって、前記溶鉄を脱炭すると同時に脱燐して溶鋼を溶製する転炉製鋼方法において、前記脱燐精錬剤を、上吹きランスからの少なくとも1つ以上の気体噴流に随伴させて溶鉄浴面に供給し、かつ前記上吹きランスからの気体噴流が前記溶鉄浴面に衝突する際の動圧を、随伴される前記脱燐精錬剤がもつ運動エネルギーによる上昇分を考慮して、適正値に制御することを特徴とする転炉製鋼方法。
- 前記脱燐精錬剤及び前記気体酸素を、同一のランス内で合流させて、該脱燐精錬剤を該気体酸素を含む気体噴流に随伴させて前記溶鉄浴面に供給することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の転炉製鋼方法。
- 前記気体酸素と、搬送ガスを伴う前記脱燐精錬剤のそれぞれ個別の供給系統を同一のランス内に配置し、前記気体酸素と前記脱燐精錬剤を搬送する搬送ガスとを、該ランスの別々のノズルから、気体噴流として前記溶鉄浴面に向けて吹き付けることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の転炉製鋼方法。
- 前記気体酸素を含む気体噴流及び前記脱燐精錬剤を随伴する気体噴流を前記溶鉄浴面に衝突させる際の動圧の適正値は、0.50kgf/cm2以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし3の何れか1つに記載の転炉製鋼方法。
- 前記脱燐精錬剤は、粒度が1mm以下の生石灰、消石灰、炭酸カルシウム、転炉スラグ、取鍋スラグのうちの何れか1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし4の何れか1つに記載の転炉製鋼方法。
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JP2017057469A (ja) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 転炉の上吹きランス及び転炉の操業方法 |
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JP2019073780A (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-05-16 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 溶鋼の精錬方法 |
JP2022006385A (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-01-13 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 転炉脱りん処理用上吹きランスおよび転炉吹錬方法 |
JP7380444B2 (ja) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-11-15 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 転炉脱りん処理用上吹きランスおよび転炉吹錬方法 |
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EP2796569A4 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
JP5574060B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
KR101529843B1 (ko) | 2015-06-17 |
TW201331376A (zh) | 2013-08-01 |
CN104126019A (zh) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2796569A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
CN104126019B (zh) | 2017-06-23 |
US20140311295A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US9493854B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
IN2014KN01258A (ja) | 2015-10-16 |
EP2796569B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
JPWO2013094634A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
KR20140090672A (ko) | 2014-07-17 |
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