WO2013027652A1 - 放射性セシウム吸着材およびその製造方法、ならびに該吸着材による環境中の放射性セシウムの除去方法 - Google Patents
放射性セシウム吸着材およびその製造方法、ならびに該吸着材による環境中の放射性セシウムの除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013027652A1 WO2013027652A1 PCT/JP2012/070844 JP2012070844W WO2013027652A1 WO 2013027652 A1 WO2013027652 A1 WO 2013027652A1 JP 2012070844 W JP2012070844 W JP 2012070844W WO 2013027652 A1 WO2013027652 A1 WO 2013027652A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
- B01J20/28038—Membranes or mats made from fibers or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28052—Several layers of identical or different sorbents stacked in a housing, e.g. in a column
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3206—Organic carriers, supports or substrates
- B01J20/3208—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radioactive cesium adsorbent, a method for producing the same, and a method for removing radioactive cesium in the environment using the adsorbent.
- the radioactive cesium adsorbent of the present invention is composed of a hydrophilic fiber substrate carrying a Prussian blue analog, and the Prussian blue analog is fixed inside the fiber.
- a physical decontamination method for removing contaminated topsoil can be mentioned.
- the treatment of the removed topsoil becomes a problem
- the “upper and lower replacement method” in which the contaminated topsoil and the lower soil are replaced for example, see Non-Patent Document 1.
- This construction method is attracting attention as it can reduce the radiation dose to 1/10 or less without considering the treatment of topsoil.
- contaminated soil still remains in the ground, There are concerns about the possibility of water pollution.
- a radioactive cesium removal agent As a radioactive cesium removal agent, a hexacyanoiron (II) acid salt (ferrocyanide) -based adsorbent, which is a Prussian blue analog, is conventionally known.
- a method for improving the cesium adsorption characteristics of insoluble ferrocyanides, or copper hexacyanoferrate (II) as a porous resin Various methods have been reported (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Prussian blue hexacyanoiron (II) iron (III) hydrate
- Prussian blue itself is a radioactive cesium removal agent that can be safely used in the event of an emergency exposure. )
- Prussian blue analog is generally a powder substance that is insoluble in water, it can be easily recovered by filtration after it is added to water and adsorbed with cesium (in some cases, it is agglomerated and precipitated with an aggregating sedimentation agent). Therefore, application to the decontamination of highly concentrated contaminated water is being studied.
- the application of Prussian blue analogue to soil is considered effective for decontamination, but after decontamination, only Prussian blue analogue (powdered by cesium) is separated and recovered from the soil. Therefore, the same problem as the above-described physical decontamination, in which the treatment of topsoil becomes a problem, may occur.
- radioactive cesium is only present at ⁇ 300 mg / km 2 in absolute terms. If a small amount is spread and distributed over a wide area as in this accident, a physical decontamination method that removes topsoil may generate a large amount of radioactive waste.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel cesium adsorbent, a method for producing the same, and a method for removing radioactive cesium in the environment using the cesium adsorbent.
- the present inventors first examined immobilization of Prussian blue analogs on a carrier, particularly a hydrophilic fiber carrier that is easy to handle and has excellent moldability.
- a carrier particularly a hydrophilic fiber carrier that is easy to handle and has excellent moldability.
- the Prussian blue analog is a typical example, and since it is insoluble in a medium such as water or an organic solvent like Prussian blue, which has long been known as a pigment, a hydrophilic fiber carrier has been conventionally used. It was difficult to stably immobilize.
- the present inventors paid attention to a raw material for the synthesis of Prussian blue analog, and did not treat the hydrophilic fiber carrier with the Prussian blue analog itself, but the synthetic raw material, an inorganic salt of hexacyano metal acid, and a transition metal
- a Prussian blue analog that is, a transition metal salt of hexacyano metal acid
- the inventors have found that fine particles can be formed and can be stably immobilized, thereby completing the present invention.
- Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows: 1. A cesium adsorbent comprising a hydrophilic fiber base material supporting a Prussian blue analogue, wherein the Prussian blue analogue is immobilized inside the fiber. 2. 2. The cesium adsorbent according to 1 above, wherein the Prussian blue analog is Prussian blue. 3. 3. The cesium adsorbent according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the hydrophilic fiber substrate is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric product or a paper product made of hydrophilic fibers. 4). 4.
- a method for producing the cesium adsorbent according to 1 above (A) a step of treating a hydrophilic fiber substrate with an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid; and (b) a step of treating the substrate treated in step (a) with an aqueous solution of an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element.
- a method comprising the steps of: 9.
- the production method according to 8 above, wherein the inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid in the treatment step (a) is a potassium salt or sodium salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid. 10.
- the inorganic compound containing ferric (III) is ferric chloride (III), ferric nitrate (III), ferric sulfate (III) or ferric perchlorate (III)
- the manufacturing method as described in. 12 Treating step (a) comprising impregnating a hydrophilic fiber substrate with an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid; and washing the impregnated substrate with water, a polar organic solvent or a mixture thereof.
- the treatment step (b) includes a step of impregnating the base material treated in the step (a) with an aqueous solution of an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element; and a step of drying the impregnated base material,
- the production method according to any one of 8 to 12. 14 From a contaminated target, comprising a step of contacting an object contaminated with radioactive cesium and the cesium adsorbent according to any one of 1 to 5 above and a step of recovering the adsorbent To remove radioactive cesium 15. From the contaminated object, comprising the steps of treating the object contaminated with radioactive cesium with the cesium removing apparatus according to 6 or 7 above and recovering the cesium adsorbent from the removing apparatus. To remove radioactive cesium
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention in which it is immobilized on a hydrophilic fiber substrate is safe and handled. Is easy.
- any material is inexpensive and easily available, and can be obtained by a simple manufacturing method, it is excellent in application to environmental purification over a wide range from an economical aspect.
- the hydrophilic fiber base material is excellent in moldability, it is advantageous in that the cesium adsorbent can be easily processed into an optimum mode according to the object of decontamination.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention has the Prussian blue analogue firmly fixed on the hydrophilic fiber substrate, so that after adsorbing radioactive cesium, the Prussian blue analogue (adsorbed with cesium) is removed from the environment.
- the amount of radioactive waste can be reduced as compared with a physical decontamination method that removes topsoil.
- the Prussian blue analog is a kind of cyano-bridged metal complex having hexacyanometalate ions as building elements, and is represented by the general formula: M A m [M B (CN) 6 ] n ⁇ hH 2 O It is understood that this metal ion (M A , M B ) has a face-centered cubic structure in which cyano groups are alternately cross-linked.
- M A is the first transition metal. Therefore, the Prussian blue analog of the present invention may be rephrased as a transition metal salt of hexacyano metal acid.
- the first transition metal scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu ) And zinc (Zn).
- iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) more preferably iron (Fe), particularly ferric iron (Fe (III)).
- M B may be any metal species capable of forming a octahedral six-coordinate structure, preferably, a chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), More preferred is iron (Fe), especially ferrous iron (Fe (II)).
- Cr chromium
- Mn manganese
- Fe iron
- Co cobalt
- More preferred is iron (Fe), especially ferrous iron (Fe (II)).
- m the values of n and h is determined according to the oxidation number of M A and M B.
- the Prussian blue analog of the present invention (that is, a transition metal salt of hexacyano metal acid) is a product obtained by reacting an inorganic salt of hexacyano metal acid with an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element, and has the general formula What is necessary is just to include what is represented by.
- the Prussian blue analog of the present invention may include those in which some of the metal ions of the hexacyano metal acid transition metal salt are substituted with alkali metal ions derived from the raw material.
- transition metal salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) which is an embodiment of the Prussian blue analog of the present invention
- its scandium (Sc) salt titanium (Ti) salt, vanadium (V) salt, chromium (Cr ) Salt, manganese (Mn) salt, iron (Fe) salt, cobalt (Co) salt, nickel (Ni) salt, copper (Cu) salt and zinc (Zn) salt.
- iron (Fe) salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid cobalt (Co) salt, nickel (Ni) salt, copper (Cu) salt and zinc (Zn) salt, more preferably iron (Fe) ) Salts, in particular ferric (Fe (III)) salts.
- the transition metal salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid of the present invention is a product obtained by the reaction of an inorganic salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid and an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element, and the general formula (However, the M B, particularly ferrous (Fe (II)) is a) may be any, including those represented by, but part of the metal ion, an alkali metal ion or the like derived from the raw material It may contain a substituted one.
- Prussian blue in the present invention is obtained by a reaction between an inorganic salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) and an inorganic compound containing ferric iron (III), and includes those having the above chemical composition.
- iron ions may be substituted with alkali metal ions derived from the raw material.
- the inorganic salt of hexacyano metal acid used in the present invention is water-soluble and reacts with an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element to produce the Prussian blue analog of the present invention (that is, the transition metal salt of hexacyano metal acid). If it can form), there will be no limitation in particular. Examples thereof include alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.) of hexacyano metal acid or hydrates thereof.
- hexacyanochromium (III) acid hexacyanomanganese (II) acid, hexacyanoferrate (II) acid or hexacyanocobalt (III) acid alkali metal salt (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.) or their hydration Things.
- the inorganic salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) used in the present invention is water soluble and contains an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element.
- the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it can form a transition metal salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid.
- Specific examples include potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), sodium hexacyanoferrate (II) or hydrates thereof. The use of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) or its hydrate is preferred.
- the inorganic compound containing a transition metal element used in the present invention is water-soluble and reacts with an inorganic salt of hexacyano metal acid to produce a Prussian blue analog of the present invention (that is, a transition metal salt of hexacyano metal acid). If it can form), there will be no limitation in particular.
- examples of the inorganic compound containing such a transition metal element include halides, nitrates, sulfates, perchlorates or hydrates of the first transition metal.
- halides such as ferric chloride (III), cobalt chloride (II), nickel chloride (II); nitrates such as ferric nitrate (III), cobalt nitrate (II), nickel nitrate (II); sulfuric acid
- sulfates such as ferric (III) and cobalt (II) sulfate
- perchlorates such as ferric (III) perchlorate; or hydrates thereof.
- the inorganic compound containing ferric (III) used in the present invention is water-soluble and can form Prussian blue by reaction with an inorganic salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid.
- an inorganic salt of hexacyanoferrate (II) acid there is no particular limitation.
- ferric chloride (III), ferric nitrate (III), ferric sulfate (III), ferric perchlorate (III) or a hydrate thereof may be mentioned.
- hydrophilic fiber substrate As the base material of the cesium adsorbent of the present invention, a hydrophilic fiber base material is used.
- the hydrophilic fiber in the present invention may be rephrased as a water-absorbing fiber.
- Hydrophilic fibers are a general term for fibers that are generally easy to take up water molecules. Examples include natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, hemp, pulp, rayon, polynosic, cupra (Bemberg (registered trademark)), lyocell ( Cellulose regenerated fiber such as Tencel (registered trademark).
- semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate and triacetate
- synthetic fibers such as polyamide-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polyvinylidene chloride-based, polyvinyl chloride-based, polyester-based, polyacrylonitrile-based, polyolefin-based, or polyurethane-based fibers by known methods. It may be modified and imparted with hydrophilicity. From the viewpoint of cost and availability, natural fibers or cellulosic regenerated fibers, particularly cotton, rayon, or cupra are preferred as hydrophilic fibers.
- the hydrophilic fiber substrate may be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a nonwoven fabric product or a paper product made of the hydrophilic fiber as described above.
- the shape may be appropriately selected and processed according to the intended use, that is, the object of decontamination.
- it in the case of decontamination of water, it may be in the form of pellets or filters, and in the case of decontamination of soil, it may be in the form of a sheet that can cover a wide range. .
- Such a base material can be processed before the Prussian blue analog is supported on the base material.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention has a Prussian blue analog in the fiber and Since it is stably immobilized on the surface, it can also be carried out after loading.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention is composed of a Prussian blue analogue, particularly preferably a hydrophilic fiber substrate carrying Prussian blue, and the Prussian blue analogue is fixed not only on the surface of the fiber but also inside. It is characterized by this.
- a “pigment” such as Prussian blue is insoluble in a medium such as water or an organic solvent, and has no dyeing property to a substrate. Therefore, when a fiber substrate is dyed (printed) with a pigment, it is usually necessary to post-treat with a binder resin or the like and fix the pigment attached to the fiber surface.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention the Prussian blue analog is formed in situ and exists as fine particles on the surface and inside of the fiber, so that it is stably fixed to the fiber regardless of the binder resin.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention can be used for removing radioactive cesium as described below by itself, but may be incorporated into a cesium removal apparatus as a cesium adsorbent. Therefore, the cesium removal apparatus provided with the cesium adsorption material of this invention is also the object of this invention. As such a cesium removal apparatus, the filtration apparatus provided with the cesium adsorption material of this invention as a cesium adsorption layer and the sheet
- hypochlorous acid should be used before contact with the cesium adsorbent of the present invention. It is preferable to make it contact with the activated carbon layer which can adsorb
- a cesium removing apparatus including an activated carbon layer adjacent to the cesium adsorbent such as a wiping sheet including a layer is preferable.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention is produced by a production method including the following steps: (A) a step of treating a substrate made of hydrophilic fibers with an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid; and (b) treating the substrate treated in step (a) with an aqueous solution of an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element. Process.
- step (a) it is first necessary to treat the hydrophilic fiber substrate with an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of hexacyano metal acid.
- the present inventors have found that by performing the treatment of step (a) first, Prussian blue analog fine particles can be efficiently formed on the surface and inside of the fiber.
- the concentration of the aqueous solution of the inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid in the treatment step (a) depends on the water solubility of the inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid to be used, the type of hydrophilic fiber, the weight / volume of the substrate, and / or the substrate. Although it may be appropriately selected according to the desired loading amount of the Prussian blue analog, etc., it is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1M, particularly 0.01 to 0.05M.
- the concentration of the aqueous solution of the inorganic compound containing the transition metal element in the treatment step (b) is the water solubility of the inorganic compound containing the transition metal element used, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid, It may be appropriately selected according to the type, the weight / volume of the base material, and / or the desired loading amount of Prussian blue analog on the base material, but examples include the range of 0.001 to 0.5M, particularly It is selected from the range of 0.01 to 0.2M.
- the treatment step (a) further includes (a1) impregnating the hydrophilic fiber base material with an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid; and (a2) drying the impregnated base material.
- a process (a1) by immersing a hydrophilic fiber base material in the aqueous solution of the inorganic salt of hexacyano metal acid, for example.
- the dipping temperature and time may be appropriately set according to the type of hydrophilic fiber, the weight / volume of the substrate, and / or the concentration of the aqueous solution, and are not particularly limited. Preferably it is carried out at ambient temperature for about 1 minute to 48 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours, more preferably 6 to 12 hours.
- the substrate may be subjected to ultrasonic treatment during immersion.
- the temperature and time of sonication may be appropriately set in the same manner, and are not particularly limited.
- the treatment is performed at about 10 to 40 ° C., preferably at ambient temperature, for about 1 minute to 2 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 1 hour. do it.
- Step (a2) may be dried, for example, to remove moisture from the hydrophilic fiber substrate taken out from the aqueous solution.
- drying conditions There are no particular restrictions on the drying conditions, but in some cases after most of the water has been removed by hand-drawing or mechanical dehydration, for example, at about 10-100 ° C., preferably about 20-60 ° C., optionally under reduced pressure conditions Under about 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably about 1 to 24 hours. Most preferably, it may be naturally dried at room temperature.
- the treatment step (a) further comprises (a1) a step of impregnating the hydrophilic fiber substrate with an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of hexacyanometal acid; and (a2 ′) the impregnated substrate with water, a polar organic solvent or the like Washing with a mixture of Step (a1) is the same as above.
- the hydrophilic fiber substrate taken out from the aqueous solution may be washed with water, a polar organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the washing conditions are not particularly limited, and may be carried out, for example, by immersing and shaking the hydrophilic fiber substrate treated in the step (a1) in water, a polar organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- polar organic solvents used for washing include alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and 1-butanol, or water-soluble alcohols such as modified (industrial) ethanol; Ethers such as 4-dioxane; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; lower ketones such as acetone; and those that can be mixed with water such as acetonitrile at an arbitrary ratio
- water-soluble alcohols such as ethanol, denatured (industrial) ethanol, isopropanol, or a mixture of water and water-soluble alcohols are preferable.
- the treatment step (b) further includes a step (b1) impregnating the base material treated in the step (a) with an aqueous solution of an inorganic compound containing a transition metal element; and (b2) drying the impregnated base material.
- a process (b1) by immersing the base material processed by the process (a) in the aqueous solution of the inorganic compound containing a transition metal element, for example.
- the dipping temperature and time may be appropriately set according to the type of hydrophilic fiber, the weight / volume of the substrate, and / or the concentration of the aqueous solution, and are not particularly limited.
- the hydrophilic fiber substrate is Since it is dyed in a color tone derived from a transition metal (for example, blue in the case of ferric iron (III)), the temperature and time of immersion can be easily adjusted by visual observation. After soaking, the substrate is preferably rinsed with water.
- the hydrophilic fiber substrate taken out from the aqueous solution or the rinsing liquid may be dried to remove moisture.
- drying conditions There are no particular restrictions on the drying conditions, but in some cases after most of the water has been removed by hand-drawing or mechanical dehydration, for example, at about 10-100 ° C., preferably about 20-60 ° C., optionally under reduced pressure conditions Under about 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably about 1 to 24 hours. Most preferably, it may be naturally dried at room temperature.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention can be used for removal of radioactive cesium from an object contaminated with radioactive cesium, particularly from water and / or soil. Therefore, this invention also provides the removal method of radioactive cesium using the cesium adsorption material of this invention. Such a method includes, for example, a step of contacting an object (particularly water and / or soil) contaminated with radioactive cesium with the cesium adsorbent of the present invention as described above, and a step of recovering the adsorbent. including.
- the cesium adsorbent of the present invention is preferably used after being subjected to ultrasonic treatment in water.
- radioactive cesium When subjected to sonication, radioactive cesium can be easily transferred to Prussian blue analogues fixed inside the fiber when contaminated water and / or soil is contacted with the cesium adsorbent of the present invention. It is thought that it becomes. Moreover, when using for the removal of the radioactive cesium from soil, it is preferable that the soil surface and / or the cesium adsorption material of this invention are the states wet with water. It is expected that the movement of radioactive cesium from the soil into the adsorbent is promoted through water, and the removal efficiency is improved.
- the cesium removing apparatus of the present invention can also be used for removing radioactive cesium from an object contaminated with radioactive cesium. Therefore, this invention also provides the removal method of radioactive cesium using the cesium removal apparatus of this invention.
- Such a method includes, for example, a step of treating an object (particularly water and / or soil) contaminated with radioactive cesium with the cesium removal apparatus of the present invention as described above, and an adsorbent from the removal apparatus. Including the step of recovering.
- the cesium removal apparatus of this invention is a filtration apparatus provided with the cesium adsorption material of this invention as a cesium adsorption layer
- recovering a cesium adsorption material from a filtration apparatus are included.
- the cesium removal apparatus of the present invention is a wiping sheet including a layer in which the cesium adsorbent (sheet-shaped) of the present invention is sandwiched between activated carbon sheets
- the cesium removing apparatus is radioactive cesium by a wiping sheet moistened with water. And a step of wiping the surface of the object contaminated with, and a step of recovering the cesium adsorbent from the wiping sheet.
- Production Example 1 Production of cesium adsorbent [Procedure] (1) A fiber base material (100% cotton: toweling) cut into a size of 1 cm in length and width was immersed in a 0.016 M potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) aqueous solution (10 mL) and sufficiently impregnated. (2) After being subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes, it was dried at 50 ° C. overnight in a vacuum heating dryer. (3) The substrate was placed in a 0.11 M FeCl 3 solution (10 mL) and allowed to stand for about 5 minutes. After confirming that the entire cloth was sufficiently immersed in the solution and both sides were changed to blue color, the cloth was taken out, removed excess water with Kimwipe, and transferred to a test tube.
- II potassium hexacyanoferrate
- Production Example 2 Production of cesium adsorbent [Procedure] [Procedure] of Production Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was carried out except that the steps (2) and (4) were interchanged. [result] The color of the obtained fiber base material was more yellowish than that produced in Production Example 1 and was green as a whole. This is thought to be because the amount of Prussian blue produced was small and seemed to be mixed with the yellow iron chloride adhering to the fiber simultaneously.
- Production Example 4 Production of cesium adsorbent [Procedure] (1) A fiber base material (100% cotton: toweling cloth: about 30 cm ⁇ 70 cm) was immersed in 0.05M potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) aqueous solution (500 mL) for 24 hours. (2) Washed twice with 200 mL ethanol. (3) The substrate was placed in 0.05 M FeCl 3 solution (500 ml) and removed after 1 minute. (4) Rinse three times with 400 ml of pure water. (5) The fiber substrate was air-dried at room temperature. [result] The color of the obtained fiber base material was a deep blue characteristic of Prussian blue. The loading rate of the supported Prussian blue was estimated to be about 2% from the weight difference.
- II potassium hexacyanoferrate
- Production Example 5 Production of cesium adsorbent [Procedure] (1) A fiber base material (white cloth made of regenerated cellulose (68 g / m 2 ): about 30 cm ⁇ 100 cm) was immersed in 0.05 M potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) aqueous solution (500 mL) for 24 hours. (2) Washed twice with 200 mL ethanol. (3) The substrate was placed in a 0.05 M FeCl 3 solution (500 mL) and removed after 1 minute. (4) Ultrasonic treatment was performed for 3 minutes in 400 mL of pure water. This was repeated three times. (5) The fiber substrate was air-dried at room temperature. [result] The color of the obtained fiber base material was a deep blue characteristic of Prussian blue. The loading rate of the supported Prussian blue was estimated to be about 2% from the weight difference.
- II potassium hexacyanoferrate
- Adsorption experiment example 1 Cesium adsorption capacity measurement experiment [Procedure] (1) A fiber piece sample (sonicated in pure water (about 15 minutes)) was prepared as a 10 ppm cesium solution (50 mL, for example, a 10 ppm cesium solution was a 75 ⁇ M cesium chloride aqueous solution or a cesium perchlorate aqueous solution. ) And left as a sample solution for 24 hours. (2) The cesium count rate of each sample solution was measured by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry: SPQ9000 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
- ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry: SPQ9000 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.
- a primary calibration curve was drawn with the count rate values of a standard sample with known concentration (the cesium solution before putting the fiber piece sample) and a blank sample (Milli Q water) to determine the concentration of each sample. The value obtained by subtracting the initial concentration from this concentration was taken as the removal rate.
- Demonstration experiment 1 Decontamination of water Low concentration contaminated water collected from the gutters of houses in the guard area of Fukushima Prefecture (20Bq / L: measured with NaI (Tl) scintillator (ATOMTECH AT1320A)) The obtained cesium adsorbent (sheet form: 23 g) was put. After 10 hours, the cesium adsorbent was recovered. The radiation from the treated water was below the detection limit (8 Bq).
- Demonstration experiment 2 Decontamination of soil Contaminated soil (approximately 30,000 Bq / kg: measured with NaI (Tl) scintillator (ATOMTECH AT1320A)) collected from within the Fukushima precaution area, fertilizer solution (approximately 100 g After adding 1 L of an aqueous solution containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and about 100 g of ammonium sulfate), heating, separating the supernatant from the soil, and washing the soil with water, about 70% of the radioactive cesium from the contaminated soil Removed.
- fertilizer solution approximately 100 g After adding 1 L of an aqueous solution containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and about 100 g of ammonium sulfate), heating, separating the supernatant from the soil, and washing the soil with water, about 70% of the radioactive cesium from the contaminated soil Removed.
- the cesium adsorbent (sheet form: 30 g) obtained in Preparation Example 5 was placed in 1 L of a part (250 Bq / kg) of contaminated water obtained by mixing the supernatant and the cleaning solution. After 19 hours, the cesium adsorbent was recovered. Radiation from the supernatant after treatment was reduced by 70%. Thus, it was shown that the cesium adsorbent of the present invention can selectively adsorb a small amount of cesium ions even from water containing a very high concentration of competing ions (potassium and ammonium).
- the cesium adsorbent comprising a hydrophilic fiber substrate carrying the Prussian blue analog of the present invention has an excellent cesium adsorption ability and is safe and easy to handle.
- any material is inexpensive and easily available, and can be obtained by a simple manufacturing method, it is excellent in application to environmental purification over a wide range from an economical aspect.
- the hydrophilic fiber base material is excellent in moldability, it is advantageous in that the cesium adsorbent can be easily processed into an optimum mode according to the object of decontamination.
- the adsorbent after adsorbing radioactive cesium in the environment, only the adsorbent can be easily recovered without leaving the Prussian blue analog (adsorbed with cesium) in the environment.
- the amount of radioactive waste can also be suppressed. Furthermore, since the cesium adsorbent of the present invention does not require special specialized equipment or knowledge for its handling, establishment and application of a small-scale dispersed radioactive material decontamination system using the same is expected.
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Abstract
Description
1.プルシアンブルー類縁体を担持した親水性繊維基材からなるセシウム吸着材であって、繊維の内部にプルシアンブルー類縁体が固定化していることを特徴とする、セシウム吸着材。
2.プルシアンブルー類縁体が、プルシアンブルーである、上記1に記載のセシウム吸着材。
3.親水性繊維基材が、親水性繊維よりなる織物、編物もしくは不織布製品または紙製品である、上記1または2に記載のセシウム吸着材。
4.親水性繊維基材が、天然繊維またはセルロース系再生繊維よりなる織物、編物または不織布製品である、上記1~3のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
5.親水性繊維基材が、綿、レーヨンまたはキュプラよりなる織物、編物または不織布製品である、上記1~4に記載のセシウム吸着材。
6.上記1~5のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材を備える、セシウム除去装置。
7.セシウム吸着材に隣接する活性炭層を備える、上記6に記載のセシウム除去装置。
8.上記1に記載のセシウム吸着材の製造方法であって、
(a)親水性繊維基材をヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩の水溶液で処理する工程;および
(b)工程(a)で処理した基材を、遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物の水溶液で処理する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
9.処理工程(a)のヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩が、ヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸のカリウム塩またはナトリウム塩である、上記8に記載の製造方法。
10.処理工程(b)の遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物が、第二鉄(III)を含む無機化合物である、上記8または9に記載の製造方法。
11.第二鉄(III)を含む無機化合物が、塩化第二鉄(III)、硝酸第二鉄(III)、硫酸第二鉄(III)または過塩素酸第二鉄(III)である、上記10に記載の製造方法。
12.処理工程(a)が、親水性繊維基材にヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩の水溶液を含浸させる工程;および含浸させた基材を水、極性有機溶媒又はそれらの混合物で洗浄する工程
を含むことを特徴とする、上記8~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
13.処理工程(b)が、工程(a)で処理した基材に遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物の水溶液を含浸させる工程;および含浸させた基材を乾燥させる工程
を含むことを特徴とする、上記8~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
14.放射性セシウムで汚染された対象物と、上記1~5のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材とを接触させる工程と、吸着材を回収する工程を含むことを特徴とする、汚染された対象物からの放射性セシウムの除去方法。
15.放射性セシウムで汚染された対象物を、上記6または7に記載のセシウム除去装置により処理する工程と、除去装置からセシウム吸着材を回収する工程を含むことを特徴とする、汚染された対象物からの放射性セシウムの除去方法。
本発明において、プルシアンブルー類縁体とは、ヘキサシアノ金属酸イオンを構築素子としたシアノ架橋型金属錯体の一種であり、一般式:MA m[MB(CN)6]n・hH2Oで示される化合物であり、この金属イオン(MA、MB)がシアノ基で交互に架橋した面心立方構造をしていると解される。ここで、MAは、第一遷移金属である。したがって、本発明のプルシアンブルー類縁体は、ヘキサシアノ金属酸の遷移金属塩であると言い換えてもよい。第一遷移金属としては、スカンジウム(Sc)、チタン(Ti)、バナジウム(V)、クロム(Cr)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)および亜鉛(Zn)が挙げられる。好ましくは、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)および亜鉛(Zn)、より好ましくは、鉄(Fe)、特に第二鉄(Fe(III))が挙げられる。
本発明のセシウム吸着材の基材としては、親水性繊維基材が使用される。本発明における親水性繊維は、吸水性繊維と言い換えてもよい。親水性繊維は、一般に水分子を取り込みやすい繊維の総称であり、例としては、羊毛、綿、絹、麻、パルプなどの天然繊維、レーヨン、ポリノジック、キュプラ(ベンベルグ(登録商標))、リヨセル(テンセル(登録商標))などのセルロース系再生繊維が挙げられる。またアセテート、トリアセテートなどの半合成繊維、あるいはポリアミド系、ポリビニルアルコール系、ポリ塩化ビニリデン系、ポリ塩化ビニル系、ポリエステル系、ポリアクリロニトリル系、ポリオレフィン系またはポリウレタン系繊維などの合成繊維を公知の方法で改質し、親水性を付与したものであってもよい。価格や入手の容易さから、親水性繊維としては天然繊維またはセルロース系再生繊維、特に綿、レーヨンまたはキュプラが好ましい。
本発明のセシウム吸着材は、プルシアンブルー類縁体、特に好ましくはプルシアンブルーを担持した親水性繊維基材からなるものであって、繊維の表面のみならず内部にプルシアンブルー類縁体が固定していることを特徴とするものである。特に、プルシアンブルーのような「顔料」は、水や有機溶媒などの媒質に不溶で、基質に対して染着性がない。したがって、顔料により繊維基材を染色(捺染)する場合、通常、バインダー樹脂などで後処理し、顔料を繊維の表面に付着した形で固定化することを要する。一方、本発明のセシウム吸着材では、プルシアンブルー類縁体はin situで形成され、繊維の表面および内部に微粒子として存在するため、バインダー樹脂などによらず安定的に繊維に固定している。
本発明のセシウム吸着材は、それ自体で、後述のような放射性セシウムの除去に使用することができるが、セシウム除去装置にセシウム吸着材として組み込んでもよい。したがって、本発明のセシウム吸着材を備えたセシウム除去装置もまた、本発明の対象である。そのようなセシウム除去装置としては、例えば、本発明のセシウム吸着材をセシウム吸着層として備えるろ過装置や拭き取り用シートを挙げることができる。なお、プルシアンブルー類縁体は、一般に次亜塩素酸などの酸成分で分解しうるため、除染に水道水を用いる場合には、本発明のセシウム吸着材への接触前に、次亜塩素酸などの酸成分を吸着、除去しうる活性炭層と接触させることが好ましい。したがって、本発明のセシウム吸着材からなるセシウム吸着層に直接または間接的に隣接する活性炭層を備えるろ過装置や、本発明のセシウム吸着材(シート状)を直接または間接的に活性炭シートで挟んだ層を含む、拭き取り用シートなど、セシウム吸着材に隣接する活性炭層を備えるセシウム除去装置が好ましい。
プルシアンブルー類縁体を親水性繊維基材に担持させるため、本発明のセシウム吸着材は以下の工程を含む製造方法により作製される:
(a)親水性繊維よりなる基材をヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩の水溶液で処理する工程;および
(b)工程(a)で処理した基材を、遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物の水溶液で処理する工程。
本発明のセシウム吸着材は、放射性セシウムで汚染された対象物、特に水および/または土壌中からの放射性セシウムの除去に使用することができる。したがって本発明は、本発明のセシウム吸着材を用いる、放射性セシウムの除去方法も提供する。そのような方法は、例えば、放射性セシウムで汚染された対象物(特に、水および/または土壌)と、上述したような本発明のセシウム吸着材とを接触させる工程と、吸着材を回収する工程を含む。なお、本発明のセシウム吸着材は、水中での超音波処理に付してから使用するのが好ましい。超音波処理に付すことにより、汚染された水および/または土壌と、本発明のセシウム吸着材との接触の際、繊維の内部で固定しているプルシアンブルー類縁体への放射性セシウムの移行が容易になると考えられる。また、土壌中からの放射性セシウムの除去に使用する場合、土壌表面および/または本発明のセシウム吸着材は水で濡れている状態であるのが好ましい。水を介して、土壌から吸着材中への放射性セシウムの移動が促進され、除去効率が向上することが予想される。
[手順]
(1) 0.016Mのヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸カリウム水溶液(10mL)に、縦横1cmの大きさに切り出した繊維基材(綿100%:タオル地)を浸漬し、十分含浸させた。
(2) 5分間超音波処理に付した後、減圧加熱乾燥器中で一晩、50℃で乾燥させた。
(3) 基材を0.11M のFeCl3溶液中(10mL)に入れ、5分程度放置した。布全体が溶液に十分浸かり、両面が青色に変色したことを確認してから取り出し、キムワイプで余分な水分を除いて試験管に移した。
(4) 純水1mLで5回濯いだ。なお、この後約25分間、純水中で超音波処理を行ったが、濯ぎ液は見た目透明のままであった。
(5) 50℃で減圧加熱乾燥した。
[結果]
得られた繊維基材の色は、プルシアンブルー特有の濃い青色であった。
[手順]
作製例1の[手順](2)と(4)の工程を入れ替えた他は、実施例1の手順に従い実施した。
[結果]
得られた繊維基材の色は、作製例1で作製したものに比べて黄色みがかり、全体として緑色であった。これは、生成したプルシアンブルーの量が少なく、繊維に同時に付着した塩化鉄の黄色と混ざって見えたためと考えられる。
[手順]
(1) 0.0156Mヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸カリウム水溶液(150mL)に、繊維基材(綿100%:タオル地:約30cm×30cm)を浸漬し、十分含浸させた。
(2) 絞って水気を切り、室温で自然乾燥させた。
(3) 乾燥させたタオルを0.023M塩化鉄(III)水溶液(250mL)に入れ、十分含浸させた。
(4) 純水で数回ゆすいだ。
(5) 絞って水気を切り、室温で自然乾燥させた。
[結果]
得られた繊維基材の色は、プルシアンブルー特有の濃い青色であった。
[手順]
(1) 0.05Mのヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸カリウム水溶液(500mL)に、繊維基材(綿100%:タオル地:約30cm×70cm)を24時間浸漬させた。
(2) 200mL エタノールで2回洗浄した。
(3) 基材を0.05M のFeCl3溶液中(500ml)に入れ、1分後に取り出した。
(4) 純水400mlで3回濯いだ。
(5) 繊維基材を室温で風乾した。
[結果]
得られた繊維基材の色は、プルシアンブルー特有の濃い青色であった。担持されたプルシアンブルーの担持率は、重量差から約2%と見積もられた。
[手順]
(1) 0.05Mのヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸カリウム水溶液(500mL)に、繊維基材(再生セルロース製白布(68g/m2):約30cm×100cm)を24時間浸漬させた。
(2) 200mL エタノールで2回洗浄した。
(3) 基材を0.05M のFeCl3溶液中(500mL)に入れ、1分後に取り出した。
(4) 純水400mLに入れ、3分間超音波処理を行った。これを3回繰り返した。
(5) 繊維基材を室温で風乾した。
[結果]
得られた繊維基材の色は、プルシアンブルー特有の濃い青色であった。担持されたプルシアンブルーの担持率は、重量差から約2%と見積もられた。
[手順]
(1) 繊維片試料(純水中で超音波処理(約15分程度)済)を、10ppmセシウム溶液(50mL、例えば、10ppmセシウム溶液は、75μM塩化セシウム水溶液あるいは過塩素酸セシウム水溶液として調製した)に入れ、24時間放置して試料溶液とした。
(2) それぞれの試料溶液のセシウム計数率をICP-MS(誘導結合プラズマ発光質量分析:セイコーインスツルメンツ社製SPQ9000)で測定した。濃度既知の標準試料(繊維片試料を入れる前のセシウム溶液)とブランク試料(ミリQ水)の計数率の値で一次の検量線を引き、各試料の濃度を決定した。この濃度から初期濃度を除した値を除去率とした。
福島県の警戒区域内の家屋の雨どいから採取した低濃度汚染水(20Bq/L:NaI(Tl)シンチレーター(ATOMTECH AT1320A)で測定)1Lに、作製例5で得られたセシウム吸着材(シート状:23g)を入れた。10時間後、セシウム吸着材を回収した。処理後の水からの放射線は、検出限界値(8Bq)以下であった。
福島県の警戒区域内から採取した汚染土壌(約30,000Bq/kg:NaI(Tl)シンチレーター(ATOMTECH AT1320A)で測定)0.1kgに、肥料溶液(約100gのリン酸二水素カリウムと約100gの硫酸アンモニウムを含む水溶液)1Lを加えて加熱後、土壌から上澄液を分離する操作、土壌を水で洗浄する操作により、汚染土壌から70%程度の放射性セシウムが除去される。この上澄液と洗浄液を混合した汚染水の一部(250Bq/kg)1Lに、作製例5で得られたセシウム吸着材(シート状:30g)を入れた。19時間後、セシウム吸着材を回収した。処理後の上澄水からの放射線は、70%減少していた。このように、本発明のセシウム吸着材が、非常に高い濃度の競合イオン(カリウム、アンモニウム類)を含む水からも、微量のセシウムイオンを選択的に吸着することができることが示された。
Claims (15)
- プルシアンブルー類縁体を担持した親水性繊維基材からなるセシウム吸着材であって、繊維の内部にプルシアンブルー類縁体が固定化していることを特徴とする、セシウム吸着材。
- プルシアンブルー類縁体が、プルシアンブルーである、請求項1に記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 親水性繊維基材が、親水性繊維よりなる織物、編物もしくは不織布製品または紙製品である、請求項1または2に記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 親水性繊維基材が、天然繊維またはセルロース系再生繊維よりなる織物、編物または不織布製品である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 親水性繊維基材が、綿、レーヨンまたはキュプラよりなる織物、編物または不織布製品である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のセシウム吸着材を備える、セシウム吸収装置。
- セシウム吸着材に隣接する活性炭層を備える、請求項6に記載のセシウム除去装置。
- 請求項1に記載のセシウム吸着材の製造方法であって、
(a)親水性繊維基材をヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩の水溶液で処理する工程;および
(b)工程(a)で処理した基材を、遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物の水溶液で処理する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 処理工程(a)のヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩が、ヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸のカリウム塩またはナトリウム塩である、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 処理工程(b)の遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物が、第二鉄(III)を含む無機化合物である、請求項8または9に記載の製造方法。
- 第二鉄(III)を含む無機化合物が、塩化第二鉄(III)、硝酸第二鉄(III)、硫酸第二鉄(III)または過塩素酸第二鉄(III)である、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 処理工程(a)が、親水性繊維基材にヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩の水溶液を含浸させる工程;および含浸させた基材を水、極性有機溶媒又はそれらの混合物で洗浄する工程
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 - 処理工程(b)が、工程(a)で処理した基材に遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物の水溶液を含浸させる工程;および含浸させた基材を乾燥させる工程
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 - 放射性セシウムで汚染された対象物と、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材とを接触させる工程と、吸着材を回収する工程を含むことを特徴とする、汚染された対象物からの放射性セシウムの除去方法。
- 放射性セシウムで汚染された対象物を、請求項6または7に記載のセシウム除去装置により処理する工程と、除去装置からセシウム吸着材を回収する工程を含むことを特徴とする、汚染された対象物からの放射性セシウムの除去方法。
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WO2021149730A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-29 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 新規吸着剤 |
EP4094829A4 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2024-04-17 | Univ Tokyo | NEW ADSORPTION AGENT |
EP4094830A4 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2024-04-17 | Univ Tokyo | NEW ADSORPTION AGENT |
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JP2017198688A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
JP6469762B2 (ja) | 2019-02-13 |
EP2765580A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US20140194665A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
JPWO2013027652A1 (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
EP2765580A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
JP6270203B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
US9455054B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
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