CN108212072A - 一种用于水中铯离子去除的吸附剂及其在Cs吸附中应用 - Google Patents
一种用于水中铯离子去除的吸附剂及其在Cs吸附中应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium(1+) Chemical compound [Cs+] NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001417 caesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910017816 Cu—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KYNKUCOQLYEJPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K][Ti] Chemical compound [K][Ti] KYNKUCOQLYEJPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002514 Co–Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013132 MOF-5 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910007564 Zn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0259—Compounds of N, P, As, Sb, Bi
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/024—Compounds of Zn, Cd, Hg
- B01J20/0244—Compounds of Zn
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于污水中重金属铯离子吸附的普鲁士蓝纳米材料及其制备方法,该纳米材料的化学式为KxZnyFez[Co(CN)6](x+2y+2z=3),x的取值为0‑0.1,y、z的取值均为0‑1.5;该纳米材料形貌和组成可控,随Zn含量增加,材料形貌由多面体变为球形,同时铯吸附容量显著提高,其中Zn3[Co(CN)6]的吸附容量可达Fe3[Co(CN)6]的三倍。制备过程:将Zn、Fe的盐溶液与K3[Co(CN)6]混合,搅拌、静置,一定温度下干燥处理。该吸附剂制备过程简单,在Cs吸附中具有很高的吸附容量和吸附速率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可控形貌和组成的普鲁士蓝纳米材料的制备方法和及其在Cs吸附反应中的应用。
背景技术
在当代能源短缺的形势下,核能是一种重要的替代化石能源的可再生能源。核能相对清洁,不产生传统化石能源所带来的温室、污染气体,但U裂变会产生一定的137Cs,137Cs具有放射性,且半衰期较长,与K的性质相似,所以一旦释放出来,能很快进入人体,有较强的生物毒性,它易溶于水,不容易用沉淀的方法去除,所以在产生初期用吸附的方法从水中提取出来,深埋等待衰变是目前最好的方法。而普鲁士蓝由于其晶格孔道的大小与水合Cs离子的半径类似,Cs离子插入到晶格孔道中,孔道限制了Cs的沥出,就实现了水中Cs离子的选择性吸附。
普鲁士蓝的结构是二价铁和三价铁分别与氰基的C、N两端配位键联,形成开放式的骨架,由于N、C原子可以和多种金属元素配位,所以普鲁士蓝中的Fe可以被替换成包括Zn、Co、Cd、Ni、Pt的一系列过渡金属,组成普鲁士蓝类似物(PBAs)。不同的金属与骨架的配位强弱不同,也就会导致其在应用中展现出不同的性能,这也为调节普鲁士蓝在很多应用中的优化提供了可能,更加扩展了普鲁士蓝及其类似物的应用范围。很多研究者基于这一性质对PBAs进行了大量研究。Jeffrey R.Long等人将M-Co普鲁士蓝用于H2吸附中,发现其性质比传统的MOFs Zn4O(BDC)3性能还要好,并且用不同的过渡金属如Zn、Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu去替代M的位置,表现出了不同的吸附性能,其中Cu-Co普鲁士蓝的吸附量最大,文章中也指出,这主要是源于配位不饱和的M金属位点与H2的作用力不同。Cameron J.Kepert等则合成了一系列的M-Pt普鲁士蓝,并测量了其热膨胀系数。一系列样品同样表现了各异的性质,其热膨胀系数的大小规律与其金属离子的半径顺序是一致的,作者认为这是M-N键的强度不同造成的。E.Guibal等也发现M-Fe普鲁士蓝的Cs吸附性能随M的变化而不同。最近TohruKawamoto等发表的一篇文章更是发现了普鲁士蓝具有比活性炭、分子筛更加优越的NH3吸附性能,Cu-Co PBAs及Co-Co PBAs的吸附容量甚至是传统PB的两倍,造成这一性能差异的原因则是结构骨架中空位数的不同。以上的研究都说明了普鲁士蓝的组成会引起其结构性质的变化,从而影响其性能。目前虽然普鲁士蓝是一种选择性很强的Cs吸附剂[ 20 ],但传统的PB吸附容量很低。通过变换普鲁士蓝中过渡金属的种类,是提高其吸附容量的重要策略。
目前,已有一些用于Cs吸附中的材料申请了相关专利。以下列举几个已报道的专利,进行详细说明:
中国专利CN105597661,公开名称为:磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾吸附剂的制备方法及产品与应用。该技术采用钛酸四丁酯/醇溶液浸渍和气相水解的方法,在高温高压水蒸气作用下合成磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾除铯吸附剂。缺点是反应条件复杂,成本较高。
中国专利CN103480345公开名称为:一种高速选择性铯吸附树脂材料及其制备方法和应用。该技术将含有环氧基团的高分子材料和含磷杂多酸盐的无机材料通过环氧基团开环反应后形成的有机—无机复合树脂材料,用于Cs吸附中。缺点是选择性不够好,在去除高放射性Cs时存在泄漏等安全问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高Cs吸附性能的普鲁士蓝类似物的制备方法,这种PBAs具有形貌组成可控的特点。这种制备方法操作简单,重复性好,可以大量制备。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
(1)前驱体溶液的制备:一定量的亚铁盐和锌盐,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成Fe2+与Zn2+浓度和为9mM的溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。
(2)将两种上述前驱体溶液在一定温度下,按一定速率混合均匀,搅拌,形成沉淀。
(3)将上述沉淀静置20h。
(4)静置后的沉淀收集后用去离子水洗涤三次。
(5)洗涤后的样品在60℃干燥20h。
所述的亚铁盐和锌金属盐为硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物中的任何一种。
两种前驱体溶液的混合温度可以是0-100度中的任意温度。
步骤(4)中可以采取离心或抽滤的方式收集样品
所述吸附剂用于Cs吸附中。吸附剂分散于含Cs废水中,停留若干时间,分离,即可达到出去Cs离子的目的。该吸附剂制备过程简单,在Cs吸附中具有很高的吸附容量和吸附速率。随Zn含量增加,材料形貌由多面体变为球形,同时铯吸附容量显著提高,其中Zn3[Co(CN)6]的吸附容量可达Fe3[Co(CN)6]的三倍。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所提供的吸附剂制备方法简单,有利于实现大批量生产。能实现较大的吸附容量和吸附速率。
附图说明
图1为产品SEM图;
图2为产品吸附铯性能图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
称量0.0363g FeCl2·4H2O,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。边搅拌边将溶液B逐滴加到溶液A中,继续搅拌30min,静置20h,离心,去离子水洗涤三次,60℃干燥。制得产品记为Fe-CoPBAs。
实施例2
称量0.0107g Zn(NO3)2,0.0284g FeCl2·4H2O,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。边搅拌边将溶液B逐滴加到溶液A中,继续搅拌30min,静置20h,离心,去离子水洗涤三次,60℃干燥。制得产品记为Zn0.2Fe0.8-Co PBAs。
实施例3
称量0.0214g Zn(NO3)2,0.02135g FeCl2·4H2O,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。边搅拌边将溶液B逐滴加到溶液A中,继续搅拌30min,静置20h,离心,去离子水洗涤三次,60℃干燥。制得产品记为Zn0.4Fe0.6-Co PBAs。
实施例4
称量0.0321g Zn(NO3)2,0.0142g FeCl2·4H2O,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。边搅拌边将溶液B逐滴加到溶液A中,继续搅拌30min,静置20h,离心,去离子水洗涤三次,60℃干燥。制得产品记为Zn0.6Fe0.4-Co PBAs。
实施例5
称量0.0428g Zn(NO3)2,0.0071g FeCl2·4H2O,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。边搅拌边将溶液B逐滴加到溶液A中,继续搅拌30min,静置20h,离心,去离子水洗涤三次,60℃干燥。制得产品记为Zn0.8Fe0.2-Co PBAs。
实施例6
称量0.0530g Zn(NO3)2,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成溶液A。称量0.0332g K3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B。边搅拌边将溶液B逐滴加到溶液A中,继续搅拌30min,静置20h,离心,去离子水洗涤三次,60℃干燥。制得产品记为Zn-CoPBAs。
实施例7
以浓度为0.001mmoL的CsCl溶液作为Cs源,将100mg吸附剂加入到100mL溶液中,在充分搅拌下吸附Cs离子,用离子色谱测量溶液中剩余Cs离子的含量。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于水中铯离子去除的吸附剂,吸附剂的组成是KxZnyFez[Co(CN)6],x的取值为0-0.1,y、z的取值均为0-1.5,x+2y+2z=3。
2.按照权利要求1所述的吸附剂,其特征在于:具有可控的形貌和组成,随Zn含量增加,Fe含量减少,产品形貌由多面体转变为球形,颗粒直径由1μm减小为0.5μm。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的吸附剂的制备方法,其制备过程如下:
(1)前驱体溶液的制备:取亚铁盐和/或锌盐,0.6gPVP,加入20mL去离子水中,溶解形成Fe2+与Zn2+浓度和为9mM的溶液A;称量0.0332gK3Co[(CN)6],溶于20mL去离子水中,形成溶液B;
(2)将两种上述前驱体溶液混合均匀,搅拌,形成沉淀;
(3)将上述沉淀静置12-24h;
(4)静置后的沉淀收集后用去离子水洗涤三次以上;
(5)洗涤后的样品在60-110℃干燥12-24h。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的亚铁盐和/或锌金属盐为硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物中的任何一种或二种以上。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
两种前驱体溶液的混合温度可以是0-100度中的任意温度。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(4)中可以采取离心或抽滤的方式收集样品。
7.一种权利要求1或2所述吸附剂在水中铯离子吸附中应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的吸附剂的应用,其特征在于:
所述吸附剂用于含铯废水中铯重金属离子的去除,其中废水中铯离子的浓度范围为0.4mM-4mM。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:
将权利要求1或2中所述的吸附剂分散于含Cs废水中,分离,即可达到除去Cs离子的目的;随吸附剂中Zn含量增多,吸附容量显著增大。
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