WO2013021965A1 - 積層体、透明導電性積層体、タッチパネル、および積層体の製造方法 - Google Patents
積層体、透明導電性積層体、タッチパネル、および積層体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013021965A1 WO2013021965A1 PCT/JP2012/069960 JP2012069960W WO2013021965A1 WO 2013021965 A1 WO2013021965 A1 WO 2013021965A1 JP 2012069960 W JP2012069960 W JP 2012069960W WO 2013021965 A1 WO2013021965 A1 WO 2013021965A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0443—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a single layer of sensing electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/538—Roughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/208—Touch screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate, a transparent conductive laminate, a touch panel, and a method for manufacturing the laminate.
- capacitive touch panels are mounted on various mobile devices such as mobile phones and portable music terminals.
- Such a capacitive touch panel has a configuration in which a dielectric layer is laminated on a patterned conductor, and is touched with a finger or the like to be grounded via the capacitance of the human body. At this time, a change occurs in the resistance value between the patterning electrode and the ground point, and the position input is recognized.
- a conventional transparent conductive film is used, there is a large difference in optical properties between the portion having the transparent conductive layer and the removed portion, so that the patterning is emphasized and when placed on the front surface of a display body such as a liquid crystal display
- a method of using light interference by laminating layers having different refractive indexes used in an antireflection film or the like has been proposed. That is, a method using optical interference by providing a layer having a different refractive index (refractive index adjusting layer) between a transparent conductive thin film layer and a base film has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 states that “a high refractive index layer, a low refractive index layer, and a transparent conductive thin film layer are laminated in this order on a substrate made of a transparent plastic film, and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 1.70 to 2.50, the film thickness is in the range of 4 to 20 nm, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.30 to 1.60, and the film thickness is in the range of 20 to 50 nm.
- Transparent conductive laminated film is described.
- the refractive index is 1.
- A1 in order from the substrate side. 7 to a layer having a refractive index of +0.3 in the transparent conductive layer and a film thickness in the range of 20 to 90 nm (H1 layer),
- B1 having a refractive index in the range of 1.35 to 1.5
- C transparent conductive layer having a thickness of 12 to 30 nm
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a coating film having a dry film thickness of 0.005 to 1 ⁇ m is manufactured as a manufacturing method for forming a low refractive index layer by a wet coating method. In that case, using a gravure roll, a coating solution having a solid content of 0.05 to 40% by mass is continuously coated on a support. "The manufacturing method of the coating film in which the solid content in a coating liquid contains an inorganic compound further is described.”
- Patent Document 4 states that “An antireflection laminate including a coating film formed by one coating using a coating composition in which low refractive index fine particles and medium to high refractive index fine particles are dispersed in a binder resin.
- silica fine particles treated with a fluorine-based compound as the low refractive index fine particles, low refractive index fine particles are unevenly distributed in the upper part or middle part of the coating film due to the difference in specific gravity, and in the intermediate part or lower part.
- “Antireflection laminated body characterized in that medium to high refractive index fine particles are unevenly distributed” is described.
- Patent Document 5 states that “a method for producing an antireflection film having two layers having different refractive indexes on at least one surface of a supporting substrate, wherein the coating composition is applied once on at least one surface of the supporting substrate, and then dried and cured.
- the coating composition contains two or more types of inorganic particles, and at least one type of inorganic particles in the two or more types of inorganic particles are inorganic particles surface-treated with a fluorine compound, and further a metal chelate
- the manufacturing method of the antireflection film characterized by including a compound "is described.
- JP 2010-155861 A Japanese Patent No. 3626624 Japanese Patent No. 3757467 JP 2007-272132 A JP 2009-058954 A
- the first problem is that in a laminate in which a laminated film consisting of two layers having different refractive indexes is on at least one side of a supporting substrate, when a transparent conductive layer is laminated on the outermost surface of the laminated film, transparency and conductivity are high.
- a laminate having good adhesion to the laminated film of the transparent conductive layer, little coloring of transmitted light, and no patterning of the transparent conductive layer being emphasized, a transparent conductive laminate in which the transparent conductive layer is laminated on the laminate, It is providing the touch panel using a transparent conductive laminated body.
- the second problem is to provide a method for producing the laminate in which the production process is simplified.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a high refractive index layer, a low refractive index layer, and a transparent conductive thin film layer are laminated on a substrate made of a transparent plastic film.
- the method of laminating the layers is by sputtering, and in Patent Document 2, the hydrolyzate of alkoxysilane has a refractive index of about 1.46.
- this refractive index has an insufficient effect of making the patterning of the transparent conductive layer difficult to see.
- the structure of the present invention is formed by applying the second layer (high refractive index layer) and then the first layer (in the order of low refractive index layer) twice. It turned out that the coloring suppression of the transmitted light after laminating
- Patent Document 4 describes that two layers of one coat are obtained, and the interface between the low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer forming the antireflection layer is not clear and is unifying. Therefore, since the interference effect becomes insufficient, the reflectance and transparency are expected to decrease, and it is difficult to achieve the first problem.
- Patent Document 5 two layers having different refractive indexes are formed in a process of coating, drying and curing once. As a result of confirmation by the present inventors, this manufacturing method achieves the configuration of the present invention. I can't. In any of Patent Documents 1 to 4, the structure of the present invention is not conceived.
- the present invention is as follows. 1) A laminate having a laminated film composed of two layers having different refractive indexes on at least one surface of a supporting substrate, Two layers constituting the laminated film are composed of a first layer and a second layer, and the first layer, the second layer, and the support base material are laminated in this order,
- the first layer contains inorganic particles A, and the relationship between the number average particle diameter (D A ) of the inorganic particles A and the film thickness (T 1 ) of the first layer satisfies the following condition.
- a length of a straight line connecting A 1 and A 2 is set as a unit length A.
- a length along the interface formed by the first layer and the second layer between A 1 and A 2 is defined as a length B.
- the second layer contains inorganic particles B, and the relationship between the number average particle size (D B ) of the inorganic particles B and the number average particle size (D A ) of the inorganic particles A satisfies the following condition.
- the first layer thickness T 1 is a, and wherein the at 10 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m or less, one of the laminate from (1) (4).
- a transparent conductive laminate comprising a transparent conductive layer comprising a conductive region and a non-conductive region on the first layer of the laminate of any one of (1) to (7).
- a touch panel in which a pair of substrates with a transparent conductive film are arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval, and at least one of the substrates with a transparent conductive film is the transparent conductive laminate of (8), and the laminate The laminated film is arranged so as to face the other substrate with a transparent conductive film.
- the surface energy of the supporting substrate is 40 mN / m or more and the surface roughness described in JIS-B-0601 (2001) is 40 nm or less.
- Laminate manufacturing method In the method for producing a laminate, the surface energy of the supporting substrate is 40 mN / m or more and the surface roughness described in JIS-B-0601 (2001) is 40 nm or less.
- a transparent conductive layer when a transparent conductive layer is formed by forming a transparent conductive layer on the laminate, the transparency and conductivity are high, the adhesion of the transparent conductive layer is good, and the transmitted light is less colored. Further, it is possible to provide a laminate, a transparent conductive laminate, a touch panel, and a method for producing the laminate, in which patterning is not emphasized and the manufacturing process is simplified.
- FIG. 1 Schematic sectional view of one embodiment of a preferred laminate of the present invention The shape of the interface between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate of FIG. Schematic surface view of the laminate of FIG. Schematic sectional view of one embodiment of a laminate with (T 1 / D A ) less than 0.9 The shape of the interface between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate of FIG. Schematic surface view of the laminate of FIG.
- the present inventors are a laminate having a laminated film composed of two layers having different refractive indexes on at least one surface of a support substrate, and the two layers constituting the laminated film are the first layer.
- the first layer is composed of inorganic particles A, preferably inorganic particles A that are surface-treated with a fluorine compound.
- the inventors have found that this can be achieved by setting the ratio (T 1 / D A ) of the number average particle diameter D A of the inorganic particles A and the film thickness T 1 of the first layer to a specific range.
- the reason why the desired effect cannot be obtained when the above-described structure is produced by applying the method for producing an antireflection film described in Patent Document 3 is that the completed film thickness of the first layer is the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles A.
- the lateral capillary force acting on the particle arrangement during drying is subjected to resistance caused by the frictional force generated between the particles and the surface of the object to be coated (in this case, the previously formed second layer). This is probably because the particles are aggregated and accumulated, and the in-plane uniform first layer cannot be formed.
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a preferred laminate of the present invention.
- a laminated film 3 is laminated on at least one surface of a support base 2.
- the laminated film 3 includes a first layer 4 and a second layer 5 having different refractive indexes.
- the multilayer film 3 is not limited as long as the first layer and the second layer have different refractive indexes, but the first layer 4 preferably has a lower refractive index than the second layer 5. That is, it is preferable that the first layer is a low refractive index layer and the second layer is a high refractive index layer.
- the first layer 4 includes inorganic particles A6, and it is important that the relationship between the number average particle diameter (D A ) of the inorganic particles A and the film thickness (T 1 ) of the first layer satisfies the condition of Formula 1.
- the relationship between the number average particle diameter (D A ) of the inorganic particles A and the film thickness (T 1 ) of the first layer is preferably the relationship of Formula 2, and more preferably the relationship of Formula 3.
- T 1 / D A 0.9 ⁇ (T 1 / D A ) ⁇ 2.0 Formula 1 1.0 ⁇ (T 1 / D A ) ⁇ 1.8 Formula 2 1.1 ⁇ (T 1 / D A ) ⁇ 1.6 Formula 3
- T 1 / D A it depends on the concentration of the inorganic particles A in the coating composition used for forming the laminated film, the coating thickness of the first layer, and the surface treatment. This can be achieved by controlling the surface state of the inorganic particles A.
- the thickness T 1 of the first layer has a preferred range, preferably 10nm or more 50nm or less, more preferably more than 40nm or less 10nm, and particularly preferably 10nm or 30nm or less.
- the number average particle diameter (D A ) of the inorganic particles A and the average film thickness (T 1 ) of the first layer are values obtained by observing the cross section of the laminate with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), The measuring method will be described later.
- the number average particle diameter means the number-based arithmetic average length diameter described in JISZ8819-2 (2001).
- FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a laminate in which (T 1 / D A ) is smaller than 0.9.
- the first layer is partially interrupted (11), and the second layer penetrates into the first layer (10), so that the apparent thickness of the first layer is reduced.
- the in-plane uniform low refractive index layer cannot be formed as the first layer, the effect of reducing the coloration of transmitted light and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer cannot be obtained. It becomes impossible to form uniformly and the resistivity increases or the transparency of the coating film decreases.
- the thickness T 1 of the first layer is less than 10nm plane uniformly low refractive index layer is hardly formed on the first layer, also the interference effect is reduced, the thickness T 1 of the first layer Even if it becomes larger than 50 nm, the interference effect becomes insufficient, and it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of reducing the coloration of transmitted light and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer.
- the number average particle diameter (D A ) of the inorganic particles A is preferably 1 nm or more and 40 nm or less. In order to make the first layer of the laminated body in-plane uniform, it is preferable to avoid larger than 40 nm. Further, in order to make the first layer of the laminated body in-plane uniform, there is no particular effect on the small amount, but the number average particle diameter of particles that can be obtained stably in practice is about 1 to 5 nm. .
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of the surface corresponding to FIG. 1 (FIG. 1 viewed from the first layer side).
- Inorganic particles A8 are densely present on the surface and substantially cover the second layer 9.
- the coverage of the surface of the second layer with the inorganic particles A is preferably 90% or more.
- the coverage of the surface of the second layer with the inorganic particles A is more preferably 95% or more.
- the coverage of the surface of the second layer with the inorganic particles A is the ratio of the area occupied by the inorganic particles A in the image obtained by observing the surface on the first layer side of the laminate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A specific measurement method will be described later.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the concentration of the inorganic particles A in the coating composition used for forming the laminated film, the coating thickness of the first layer, and the surface treatment This can be achieved by controlling the surface state of the inorganic particles A. Furthermore, it is more preferable by using the method for producing a laminate of the present invention described later, and controlling the concentration of inorganic particles A in the coating composition, the coating thickness of the coating once, the surface state of the inorganic particles A by surface treatment.
- the coverage ratio of the inorganic particles A can be made.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the surface corresponding to FIG. 4 (a view of FIG. 4 viewed from the first layer side). Since the portion where the first layer in FIG. 4 is partially interrupted or the second layer penetrates into the first layer is observed as an opening, the coverage of the surface of the second layer with the inorganic particles A is It does not reach 90%. The film thickness of the first layer at this time is apparently thinned by the influence of the portion where the coating film of the first layer is interrupted or the portion where the second layer has entered in the measurement method used in the present invention described later. The value of 1 becomes smaller.
- the unit length in the following manner shown in FIG. Define length A and length B.
- a 1 and A 2 be two points on an arbitrary interface whose linear length is 500 nm or more apart.
- the length of the straight line connecting A 1 and A 2 is defined as a unit length A.
- the length along the interface formed by the first layer and the second layer between A 1 and A 2 is defined as a length B.
- FIG. 2 (enlarged view of the vicinity of the interface between the first layer and the second layer in FIG. 1) shows the relationship between the unit length A and the length B corresponding to FIG.
- the ratio of the unit length A to the length B is preferably 1 ⁇ B / A ⁇ 1.15, and more preferably 1 ⁇ B / A ⁇ 1.10.
- the concentration of the inorganic particles A in the coating composition used for forming the laminated film, the coating thickness of the first layer, the second layer This can be achieved by controlling the surface roughness. Furthermore, it is more preferable by using the method for producing a laminate of the present invention described later, and controlling the concentration of inorganic particles A in the coating composition, the coating thickness of the coating once, the surface state of the inorganic particles A by surface treatment. It can be in the range of B / A.
- the ratio B / A between the unit length A and the length B is 1 because the definition of the unit length is a straight line.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the unit length A and the length B in the case of FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the length of the portion where the second layer penetrates the first layer is increased. Thus, when B / A exceeds 1.15, the refractive index adjustment function becomes insufficient, and it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of reducing the coloration of transmitted light and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer.
- the laminated film of the laminated body of this invention contains the inorganic particle B in a 2nd layer. Then, upon achieving the interface shape, the number average particle diameter D A of the inorganic particles A (reference numeral 6 in FIG. 1) present in the first layer, inorganic particles B (reference numeral in FIG. 1 7 present in the second layer there is a preferred range between ratio of the number average particle diameter D B) of the relationship of equation 4 is preferred. Furthermore, the relationship of Formula 5 is more preferable, and the relationship of Formula 6 is particularly preferable.
- the shape of the interface is disturbed, the refractive index adjustment function becomes insufficient, the effect of reducing the coloration of transmitted light and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer cannot be obtained, or the smoothness of the surface As a result, the transparent conductive layer cannot be formed uniformly and the resistivity increases.
- the inorganic particles A are preferably inorganic particles surface-treated with the fluorine compound A (this is referred to as “fluorinated inorganic particles A”). Details of the fluorine compound A and the fluorine-treated inorganic particles A will be described later.
- the refractive index of the first layer can be reduced by using the fluorinated inorganic particles A for the inorganic particles A, the effect of reducing the coloration of transmitted light and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer are more effective. Furthermore, since the surface of the first layer can be smoothed, the conductivity can be increased when a transparent conductive layer is formed on the first layer. Furthermore, when the fluorinated inorganic particles A are used, when a production method for obtaining two layers by applying a coating film, which will be described later, on the at least one surface of the supporting substrate only once is used, It is preferable for forming a layer structure.
- the production method of the laminate of the present invention is preferably a production method of obtaining a laminated film composed of two layers having different refractive indexes by applying the coating composition only once on at least one surface of the support substrate.
- the surface energy of the supporting substrate is preferably 40 mN / m or more, and the surface roughness described in JIS-B-0601 (2001) is preferably 40 nm or less. If the surface energy is smaller than 40 mN / m or the surface roughness is larger than 40 nm, the spontaneous formation of the layer structure becomes insufficient, and the second layer is agglomerated in the film. If it penetrates into one layer, the effect of reducing the coloration of transmitted light and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer cannot be obtained, the transparent conductive layer cannot be formed uniformly, and the resistivity increases. The transparency of the film decreases.
- the laminate as an object of the present invention refers to a member in which a laminated film composed of two layers having different refractive indexes is formed on at least one surface of a supporting substrate.
- the supporting substrate is a plastic film
- the refractive index is determined. It is called an adjustment film.
- the refractive index of the first layer and the second layer is preferably lower in the first layer than in the second layer.
- the refractive indexes of the first layer and the second layer can be measured by the method described later, and there is a preferable range for the values.
- the refractive index at 550 nm of the first layer is preferably 1.45 or less, more preferably 1.43 or less, and particularly preferably 1.41 or less.
- the lower the refractive index of the first layer the better.
- the transparent conductive layer described later is formed on the first layer, it is necessary to form the first layer in a uniform and flat layer.
- the lower limit is about 1.25.
- the refractive index at 550 nm of the second layer is preferably 1.58 or more, more preferably 1.61 or more, and particularly preferably 1.65 or more.
- the refractive index of the second layer is preferably as high as possible within a range where light transmission can be secured, but in reality, the upper limit is about 2.4.
- the refractive index of the first layer exceeds 1.45 or the refractive index of the second layer is lower than 1.58, when the transparent conductive layer is laminated on the first layer, the coloring of transmitted light is reduced. The effect and the effect of reducing the visibility of patterning of the transparent conductive layer cannot be obtained.
- the refractive indexes of the first layer and the second layer can be adjusted by the types of inorganic particles A and inorganic particles B described later, the content of particles in each layer, the surface modification of the particles, and the like.
- such a laminated body of the present invention has a clear interface between two layers (first layer and second layer) having different refractive indexes.
- the clear interface in the present invention refers to a state in which one layer can be distinguished from another layer.
- the distinguishable interface represents an interface that can be determined by observing a cross section using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and can be determined according to a method described later.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the transparency is higher in order to exhibit good properties as a laminate.
- the transparency is low, when it is used as an image display device, the image quality is likely to be deteriorated due to a decrease in image saturation or the like. Therefore, it is preferable that the transparency is high.
- the haze value can be used for evaluating the transparency of the laminate of the present invention.
- Haze is an index of turbidity of a transparent material specified in JIS-K 7136 (2000).
- the haze value of the laminate is preferably 1.5% or less, more preferably 1.2% or less, and even more preferably 1.0% or less.
- the haze value is 2.0% or more, image deterioration is likely to occur. Therefore, it is preferable that the haze value is small.
- the thicknesses of the first and second layers of the laminate are in a specific range.
- the thickness of the first layer is preferably 10 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 40 nm, and particularly preferably 10 nm to 30 nm.
- the thickness of the second layer is preferably 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, and particularly preferably 10 nm to 80 nm.
- the function as the refractive index adjusting layer is insufficient, and the transparent electrode layer is patterned. Insufficient effects such as suppression are insufficient.
- the transparent conductive laminate that is the object of the present invention is a configuration in which the second layer, the first layer, and the transparent conductive layer are laminated in this order on the support substrate, that is, the first layer of the laminate. It has a configuration in which a transparent conductive layer is laminated thereon.
- the transparent conductive layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin composite oxide, tin-antimony composite oxide, zinc-aluminum composite oxide, and indium-zinc composite oxide. It is done. Of these, indium-tin composite oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental stability and circuit processability.
- the transparent conductive laminate is preferably annealed to increase conductivity and light transmittance.
- the annealing treatment is preferably performed in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere. Note that when annealed in an oxygen atmosphere, the transparent conductive layer may be thermally oxidized, resulting in a decrease in conductivity (an increase in surface resistance value).
- the annealing temperature needs to be higher than the temperature at which the crystallinity is improved.
- the lower temperature from the viewpoint of the supporting substrate is heat shrinkage, wrinkles, curls, oligomer precipitation from the substrate, adhesion. Since it is so preferable that it is low from a viewpoint of the fall of a color, coloring, etc., it is preferable to carry out at the lowest possible temperature in the range in which electroconductivity and light transmittance are obtained.
- the surface resistance value of the transparent conductive laminate is preferably 50 to 2000 ⁇ / ⁇ , more preferably 100 to 1500 ⁇ / ⁇ , so that the transparent conductive laminate can be used for a touch panel or the like. If the surface resistance value is less than 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or exceeds 2000 ⁇ / ⁇ , the position recognition accuracy of the touch panel tends to deteriorate, so the surface resistance value is preferably within the above numerical range.
- the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer of the transparent conductive laminate is preferably in the range of 4 to 30 nm, more preferably 10 to 25 nm.
- the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer is less than 4 nm, it is difficult to form a continuous thin film, and it is difficult to obtain good conductivity.
- the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer is greater than 30 nm, it is difficult to bring the optical characteristics of the portion having the transparent conductive layer close to the optical property when the transparent conductive thin film layer is patterned.
- the laminated film of the laminate of the present invention it is important that at least the first layer contains inorganic particles (inorganic particles A). Furthermore, the laminated film of the laminated body of the present invention preferably contains inorganic particles A and inorganic particles B in the first layer and the second layer, respectively. In addition, it is preferable that the kind of particle
- inorganic particles refer to particles made of an inorganic compound, and some surface treatment may be performed.
- the “type” of the inorganic particles is determined by the type of elements constituting the particles. (For fluorine-treated particles to be described later, it depends on the type of elements constituting the particles before being surface-treated). For example, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is different from nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (TiO 2 ⁇ x N x ) in which part of oxygen in titanium oxide is replaced with nitrogen as an anion because the elements constituting the particles are different. It is a kind of particle. In addition, if particles (ZnO) consisting only of the same element, for example, Zn or O, even if there are a plurality of particles having different particle diameters or the composition ratio of Zn and O is different, these are The same type of particles.
- the coating composition suitably used in the method for producing a laminate of the present invention is a coating composition containing at least inorganic particles A, more preferably a coating composition containing inorganic particles A and inorganic particles B, and more preferably. Is a coating composition containing fluorine-treated inorganic particles A and inorganic particles B.
- a laminated film composed of two layers having different refractive indexes on a supporting substrate by applying the coating composition only once on at least one surface of the supporting substrate. Thereby, a laminate suitable for the purpose of the present invention can be formed.
- the inorganic particles A contained in the first layer of the laminate of the present invention will be described.
- the inorganic particles A are preferably metalloid elements selected from Si, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Al, or metal element oxides, nitrides, borides and fluorides, silica particles (SiO 2 ), alkalis.
- Metal fluorides (NaF, KF, NaAlF 6 and the like) and alkaline earth metal fluorides (CaF 2 , MgF 2 and the like) are more preferable, and silica particles are particularly preferable in terms of durability, refractive index, cost, and the like. .
- the silica particles refer to particles containing a composition composed of either a silicon compound or a polymerized (condensed) organic silicon compound, and are a general term for particles derived from silicon compounds such as SiO 2 as a general example.
- the shape of the particles suitable for the inorganic particles A is not particularly limited, but spherical particles or hollow spherical particles are preferable from the viewpoint of the refractive index and optical anisotropy of each layer of the laminate of the present invention.
- the number average particle diameter (D A ) of the inorganic particles A is preferably 1 nm or more and 40 nm or less. In order to make the first layer of the laminated body in-plane uniform, it is preferable to avoid larger than 40 nm. Further, in order to the first layer of the laminate in-plane uniformity is not particularly affect the amount D A is small, the number average particle diameter of realistically stable particles obtained is about 1 ⁇ 5 nm It is the lower limit.
- D A is particularly preferably 20nm or 25nm or less.
- the above-mentioned fluorine surface treatment for the particles, particularly inorganic particles A such as silica refers to a process of chemically modifying the inorganic particles A and introducing the fluorine compound A into the inorganic particles A, and may be performed in one step. It can be done in multiple stages. Further, the fluorine compound A may be used in a plurality of stages, or the fluorine compound A may be used only in one stage.
- introduction means that the fluorine compound A is chemically bonded (including covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der Waals bonds, hydrophobic bonds, etc.) or adsorption (including physical adsorption and chemical adsorption) to the surface of the inorganic particles.
- This fluorine compound A is a compound represented by the following general formula (II).
- R f has at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a fluoroalkyl group, a fluorooxyalkyl group, a fluoroalkenyl group, a fluoroalkanediyl group, and a fluorooxyalkanediyl group.
- R 3 is a reactive site.
- R 4 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an ester structure derived therefrom.
- R f , R 3 and R 4 may each have a side chain in the structure.
- a fluoroalkyl group, a fluorooxyalkyl group, a fluoroalkenyl group, a fluoroalkanediyl group, and a fluorooxyalkanediyl group are the hydrogens of an alkyl group, an oxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkanediyl group, and an oxyalkanediyl group.
- a substituent in which all or part of the substituent is replaced by fluorine both of which are mainly composed of a fluorine atom and a carbon atom, and there may be branching in the structure. Dimers, trimers, oligomers, and polymer structures may be formed. *
- the fluorine compound A is more preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (II-2).
- Fluorine compound A R 3 —O—R 42 —R f
- R 42 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the reactive site refers to a site that reacts with other components by external energy such as heat or light.
- Examples of such reactive sites include alkoxysilyl groups and silanol groups in which alkoxysilyl groups are hydrolyzed from the viewpoint of reactivity, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups, vinyl groups, allyl groups, acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, and the like. From the viewpoints of reactivity and handling properties, an alkoxysilyl group, a silyl ether group, a silanol group, an epoxy group, and an acryloyl (methacryloyl) group are preferable.
- One treatment method for introducing the fluorine compound A is a fluoroalkoxysilane compound in which R 3 is an alkoxysilyl group, silyl ether group, or silyl ether group in the general formula (II) as the fluorine compound A.
- At least one kind of inorganic particles A or a particle dispersion of inorganic particles A and a solvent, a catalyst, etc. are stirred together, and optionally heated or dealcoholized to condense with hydroxyl groups on the surface of inorganic particles A. It is a method made by
- the particle dispersion of the inorganic particles A herein refers to a state in which the inorganic particles A are dispersed in a solvent, and is sometimes called a sol, a suspension, a slurry, or a colloidal solution.
- stabilizers, etc. such as dispersants, surfactants, and surface treatment agents may be included. From the viewpoint of handling the particles in a finely dispersed state, the surface treatment is preferably performed in the state of a dispersion.
- fluorine compound A examples include 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriisopropoxy.
- Another method of treating the inorganic particles A with the fluorine compound A is a method of treating the inorganic particles A or the particle dispersion of the inorganic particles A with the compound D and then joining them with the fluorine compound A.
- This compound D refers to a compound that has no fluorine in the molecule, but has at least one reactive site capable of reacting with the fluorine compound A and at least one site capable of reacting with inorganic particles such as hollow silica particles.
- part which can react with the inorganic particle in the compound D it is preferable from a reactive viewpoint that they are an alkoxy silyl group, a silyl ether group, and a silanol group.
- These compounds are generally called silane coupling agents.
- glycidoxyalkoxysilanes aminoalkoxysilanes, acryloylsilanes, methacryloylsilanes, vinylsilanes, mercaptosilanes, etc. may be used. it can.
- inorganic particles A such as silica particles (particularly hollow silica particles) are treated with a compound D represented by the following general formula (III) and a fluorine compound A represented by the above general formula (II). More preferably, the inorganic particles A such as silica particles (particularly hollow silica particles) are treated with the compound D represented by the following general formula (III), and then represented by the aforementioned general formula (II). The treatment is performed with the fluorine compound A.
- R 5 represents a reactive site.
- R 6 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an ester structure derived therefrom.
- R 7 and R 8 represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n2 represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 may each have a side chain in the structure.
- Compound D is more preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (III-2).
- R 5 O—R 62 —SiR 7 n2 (OR 8 ) 3-n2 general formula (III-2)
- R 62 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a reactive double bond group is a functional group that chemically reacts with radicals generated by receiving energy such as light or heat.
- Specific examples include a vinyl group, an allyl group, an acryloyl group, and a (meth) acryloyl group. Etc. That is, the reactive double bond is a part of the reactive site.
- the compound D include acryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxybutyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypentyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxyhexyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxyheptyltrimethoxysilane.
- Methacryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxybutyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxyhexyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxyheptyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane and Examples include compounds in which the methoxy group in these compounds is substituted with other alkoxyl groups and hydroxyl groups. .
- fluorine compound A in this case examples include 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl acrylate, 2-perfluorobutylethyl acrylate, 3 -Perfluorobutyl-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-perfluorohexylethyl acrylate, 3-perfluorohexyl-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-perfluorooctylethyl acrylate, 3-perfluorooctyl-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate 2-perfluorodecylethyl acrylate, 2-perfluoro-3-methylbutylethyl acrylate, 3-perfluoro-3-methoxybutyl-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-perfluoro-5-methylhexyl Ruethyl acrylate, 3-perfluoro-5-methylhexyl-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-perfluor
- the surface of the inorganic particles A such as hollow silica is modified under simple reaction conditions.
- the second layer of the laminate of the present invention preferably contains at least one kind of inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles contained in the second layer are inorganic particles B.
- the inorganic particles B are preferably different types of inorganic particles from the inorganic particles A.
- the inorganic particles B are not particularly limited, but are preferably metal elements, metalloid oxides, nitrides, and borides, and are composed of Ga, Zr, Ti, Al, In, Zn, Sb, Sn, and Ce. More preferably, it is an oxide particle of at least one element B selected from the group.
- the inorganic particles B preferably have a higher refractive index than the inorganic particles A.
- the inorganic particles B include zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide ( At least one selected from SnO 2 ), antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ), and indium tin oxide, or a solid solution therebetween, and some elements are substituted, or some elements penetrate between the lattices.
- the inorganic particles B are particularly preferably phosphorus-containing tin oxide (PTO), antimony-containing tin oxide (ATO), gallium-containing zinc oxide (GZO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), or zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ).
- PTO phosphorus-containing tin oxide
- ATO antimony-containing tin oxide
- GZO gallium-containing zinc oxide
- TiO 2 titanium oxide
- ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
- the refractive index of the inorganic particles B is preferably 1.55 to 2.80, more preferably 1.58 to 2.50.
- the refractive index of the inorganic particles B is smaller than 1.55, the refractive index of the second layer formed in the obtained laminate is lowered, and the refractive index difference with the first layer containing the inorganic particles A is reduced.
- the transparent conductive layer formed on the first layer Since the difference in refractive index and the difference in refractive index between the second layer and the supporting substrate increase, similarly, the effect of suppressing transmitted light coloring and the effect of suppressing the patterning of the transparent conductive layer are insufficient.
- the inorganic particles B when the inorganic particles A are silica particles, it is particularly preferable that the inorganic particles B have a refractive index higher than that of the silica particles.
- An inorganic compound having a particle diameter of 20 nm or less and a refractive index of 1.60 to 2.80 is preferably used.
- Specific examples of such inorganic compound B include antimony oxide, antimony-containing zinc oxide, antimony-containing tin oxide (ATO), phosphorus-containing tin oxide (PTO), gallium-containing zinc oxide (GZO), and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ).
- ATO antimony-containing zinc oxide
- PTO phosphorus-containing tin oxide
- GZO gallium-containing zinc oxide
- ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
- TiO 2 titanium oxide
- titanium oxide and zirconium oxide having a particularly high refractive index being more preferred.
- the laminated film of the laminate of the present invention preferably contains one or more types of binders. Therefore, it is preferable that the coating composition used in the suitable manufacturing method of the laminated body of this invention contains 1 or more types of binder raw materials.
- the binder contained in the coating composition is represented as “binder raw material”, and the binder contained in the laminated film of the laminate is represented as “binder”, but as the binder, the binder raw material exists as it is as a binder.
- binder raw material that is, including a mode in which the binder raw material of the coating composition is present as it is as a binder in the laminated film.
- binder raw material Although it does not specifically limit as a binder raw material, From a viewpoint of manufacturability, it is preferable that it is a binder raw material which can be hardened by heat and / or active energy rays, etc. Two or more types may be mixed and used. Further, from the viewpoint of retaining the inorganic particles in the film, a binder raw material having alkoxysilane, a hydrolyzate of alkoxysilane or a reactive double bond in the molecule is preferable.
- a polyfunctional acrylate in the component, and typical ones are exemplified below.
- polyfunctional acrylic compositions include Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (trade name “Diabeam” series, etc.), Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd. (trade name “Denacol” series, etc.), Shin Nakamura Co., Ltd .; (Product name “NK Ester” series, etc.), Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd .; (Product name “UNIDIC”, etc.), Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the coating composition used in the method for producing a laminate of the present invention preferably contains an organic solvent in addition to the above-described inorganic particles and binder raw material.
- an organic solvent By including an organic solvent, an appropriate fluidity can be given at the time of coating, and the mobility of the particles can be secured, so that spontaneous layer formation of the laminated film is facilitated, and favorable characteristics can be expressed.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but usually a solvent having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or less at normal pressure is preferable. Specifically, water, alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, hydrocarbons, amides, fluorine-containing compounds and the like are used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), isobutanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, ethoxyethanol, butoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, and the like. be able to.
- Examples of ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
- Examples of ethers include ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.
- esters examples include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, methyl acetoacetate, and ethyl acetoacetate.
- aromatics examples include toluene and xylene.
- amides include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like.
- the coating composition used in the production method of the present invention preferably further contains a polymerization initiator and a curing agent.
- the polymerization initiator and the curing agent are used for promoting the reaction between the surface-treated inorganic particles and the binder raw material or for promoting the reaction between the binders.
- Various polymerization initiators and curing agents can be used. Further, a plurality of polymerization initiators may be used at the same time or may be used alone. Furthermore, you may use together an acidic catalyst, a thermal-polymerization initiator, and a photoinitiator.
- acidic catalysts include aqueous hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and the like.
- thermal polymerization initiator include peroxides and azo compounds.
- Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include alkylphenone compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, acylphosphine oxide compounds, and amine compounds, but are not limited thereto, but from the viewpoint of curability.
- Alkylphenone compounds are preferred, and specific examples include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 2-methyl-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholinopropane-1 -One, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-phenyl) -1-butane, 2- (dimethylamino) -2-[(4-methylphenyl) methyl] -1- (4-phenyl) -1-butane, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -1-butane, 2- (dimethylamino) -2-[(4-methylphenyl Nyl) methyl] -1- [4- (4-morpholinyl) phenyl] -1-butane, 1-cyclohexyl-phenylketone, 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1- [4- (2- Ethoxy) -phenyl] -2-hydroxy
- the content of the polymerization initiator, curing agent, and catalyst is preferably 0.001 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder component in the coating composition. To 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the coating composition of the present invention may further contain additives such as a surfactant, a thickener, and a leveling agent as necessary.
- the coating composition used in the production method of the present invention preferably has an inorganic particle A / (another inorganic particle containing inorganic particle B) (mass ratio) of 1/30 to 1/1.
- inorganic particles A / (other inorganic particles including inorganic particles B) 1/30 to 1/1
- the ratio of the thickness of the first layer to the thickness of the second layer of the obtained laminate is made constant. be able to. For this reason, since it is easy to make the thickness of a 1st layer and a 2nd layer into required thickness simultaneously by one application
- inorganic particles A / also inorganic particles including inorganic particles B (mass ratio), 1/29 to 1/5, more preferably 1/26 to 1/10, particularly preferably 1/23 to 1/15. It is.
- all inorganic particles including the fluorine-treated inorganic particles A
- all inorganic particles referred to herein are contained in the fluorine-treated inorganic particles A by surface treatment with the fluorine compound A.
- the total mass of the fluorine-treated inorganic particles A including the organic compound such as the fluorine compound A bonded to the inorganic particles is also included.
- the total is 0.2 mass% to 40 mass%, and the organic solvent is 40 mass% to 98 mass%.
- % Or less and other components such as a binder, an initiator, a curing agent, and a catalyst are contained in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, more preferably all (including the fluorinated inorganic particles A).
- the total of the inorganic particles is 1% by mass to 35% by mass
- the organic solvent is 50% by mass to 97% by mass
- the other components are 1% by mass to 15% by mass.
- the two or more types of inorganic particles are metal oxide particles and fluorinated silica particles, and the total of these is 2% by mass to 30% by mass in 100% by mass of the coating composition of the present invention. Is 60 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less, and another component is 2 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less.
- the production method of the laminate of the present invention is a method of forming a laminate film composed of two layers having different refractive indexes by coating the coating composition only once on at least one surface of the support substrate. Is desirable. This manufacturing method is preferable in terms of economy because two layers can be formed in the coating process.
- a single-layer liquid film made of one type of coating composition is formed on the supporting substrate in a single coating process.
- Multi-layer simultaneous application in which a liquid film consisting of a plurality of layers is applied once in a single application process, or a continuous sequential process in which a liquid film of a single layer is applied a plurality of times and dried in one application.
- coating means that one layer of liquid film is applied a plurality of times during one application and then dried, and wet-on-wet application is not performed.
- the coating composition of the present invention is supported by a dip coating method, an air knife coating method, a curtain coating method, a roller coating method, a wire bar coating method, a gravure coating method or a die coating method (see US Pat. No. 2,681,294). Apply on substrate.
- the gravure coating method or the die coating method is preferable as the coating method.
- the gravure coating method is excellent in coating a coating composition with a small coating amount such as the laminated film of the present invention with a uniform film thickness.
- a direct gravure method is used, and a small gravure roll diameter is small. It is more preferable to use a roll from the viewpoint of securing the stability of the meniscus portion.
- the die coating method requires a contrivance such as the application of a bead back pressure when the coating amount is small as in the refractive index adjustment layer, but the film thickness can be controlled by the amount of liquid supplied to the coating die because of the pre-measuring method.
- the coating composition is excellent in terms of the stability of the coating composition because it does not have a staying portion and an evaporation portion of the coating composition in principle.
- the liquid film applied on the support substrate is dried.
- drying methods include heat transfer drying (adherence to high-temperature objects), convection heat transfer (hot air), radiant heat transfer (infrared rays), and others (microwave, induction heating).
- a method using convective heat transfer or radiant heat transfer is preferable because it is necessary to make the drying speed uniform in the width direction.
- a constant rate drying period in the width direction.
- a method of blowing hot air in a direction that is parallel and parallel or perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the substrate is desirable.
- the temperature is preferably from room temperature to 200 ° C, more preferably from 100 ° C to 200 ° C, and even more preferably from 130 ° C to 200 ° C, from the viewpoint of the activation energy of the curing reaction. It is as follows.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably as low as possible because oxygen inhibition can be prevented, and curing in a nitrogen atmosphere (nitrogen purge) is more preferable.
- the ultraviolet lamp used when irradiating ultraviolet rays include a discharge lamp method, a flash method, a laser method, and an electrodeless lamp method.
- UV irradiation is performed under the condition that the illuminance of UV is 100 to 3000 mW / cm 2 , preferably 200 to 2000 mW / cm 2 , more preferably 300 to 1500 mW / cm 2. preferably performing, integrated light quantity of 100 ⁇ 3000mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays, preferably 200 ⁇ 2000mJ / cm 2, more preferably it is more preferable to carry out ultraviolet irradiation under the condition that the 300 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2.
- the ultraviolet illuminance is the irradiation intensity received per unit area, and changes depending on the lamp output, the emission spectral efficiency, the diameter of the light emitting bulb, the design of the reflector, and the light source distance to the irradiated object.
- the illuminance does not change depending on the conveyance speed.
- the UV integrated light amount is irradiation energy received per unit area, and is the total amount of photons reaching the surface.
- the integrated light quantity is inversely proportional to the irradiation speed passing under the light source, and is proportional to the number of irradiations and the number of lamps.
- the drying step and the curing step may be performed simultaneously.
- the transparent conductive laminate of the present invention is obtained by forming a transparent conductive layer on the first layer of the laminate.
- a method for producing a transparent conductive layer a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an ion plating method, a spray method, and the like are known, and the above method can be appropriately used depending on a required film thickness. it can.
- the sputtering method a normal sputtering method using an oxide target, a reactive sputtering method using a metal target, or the like is used.
- oxygen, nitrogen, or the like may be introduced as a reactive gas, or means such as ozone addition, plasma irradiation, or ion assist may be used in combination.
- a bias such as direct current, alternating current, and high frequency may be applied to the substrate as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the transparent conductive laminate of the present invention can be suitably applied to a touch panel.
- the touch panel including the transparent conductive laminate of the present invention is, for example, a touch panel in which a pair of substrates with a transparent conductive film are arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval, and at least one of the substrates with a transparent conductive film is the present invention.
- a transparent conductive laminate, wherein the laminate film of the laminate is disposed so as to face the other substrate with a transparent conductive film.
- First layer component No. Preparation of (2) The first layer component No. In the same manner as in (1), except that the isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica was changed to a hollow silica isopropyl alcohol dispersion (hollow silica manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd .: solid content concentration 20 mass%, number average particle size 40 nm). , First layer component No. (2) was obtained.
- First layer component No. Preparation of (3) The first layer component No. In the same manner as in (1), except that the isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica was changed to a hollow silica isopropyl alcohol dispersion (hollow silica manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd .: solid content concentration 20% by mass, number average particle size 60 nm). , First layer component No. (3) was obtained.
- the first layer component No. for (1) except that the type of colloidal silica dispersed in isopropyl alcohol (Colloidal silica IPA-ST manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd .: solid content concentration 30% by mass, number average particle size 12.5 nm) was used in the same manner. First layer component No. (4) was obtained.
- the first layer component No. In contrast to (1), except that the type of isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica was changed (Isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica (IPA-ST-MA) manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd .: solid content concentration 30 mass%, number average particle size 25 nm) In the same manner, the first layer component No. (8) was obtained.
- IPA-ST-MA isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd .: solid content concentration 30 mass%, number average particle size 25 nm
- the first layer component No. In contrast to (1), the type of isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica was changed (Isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica (PL-3L IPA) manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: solid content concentration 30% by mass, number average particle size 35 nm). Similarly, the first layer component No. (9) was obtained.
- Isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica (PL-3L IPA) manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: solid content concentration 30% by mass, number average particle size 35 nm.
- the first layer component No. for (1) except that the type of IPA isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica was changed (isopropyl alcohol-dispersed colloidal silica manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd .: solid content concentration 30% by mass, number average particle size 30 nm).
- One layer component No. (10) was obtained.
- Hard Coat Composition No. Preparation of 2 The following materials were mixed and hard coat composition No. 2 was obtained.
- Hard coat coating composition 50.0 parts by mass (XAFF-201 DH Material Co., Ltd.) Methyl isobutyl ketone 50.0 parts by mass.
- First layer component No. (1) 13 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 46.3 parts by mass
- Coating composition No. 2 Coating composition No. 1 with respect to the second layer component No. (1) is the second layer component No. The coating composition No. was similarly changed except that (2) was replaced. 2 was obtained.
- First layer component No. (2) 20 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 39.3 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (3) 30 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 29.3 parts by mass
- Coating composition no. 5 Coating composition No. 1, the first layer component No. (1) is the first layer component No.
- the coating composition No. was similarly changed except that (4) was replaced. 5 was obtained.
- First layer component No. (2) 22 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (2) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 37.3 parts by mass.
- First layer component No. (5) 17 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 42.3 parts by mass
- Second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 60 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (2) 19 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 70.3 parts by mass
- Coating composition no. 10 Coating composition No. 9, the first layer component No. (2) is the first layer component No. In the same manner as in (6), except that the coating composition No. 10 was obtained.
- First layer component No. (2) 17 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 42.3 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (8) 22 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 45 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 22.5 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (8) 21 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 43 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 25.8 parts by mass.
- First layer component No. (8) 18 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 38 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 33.3 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (8) 14 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 36 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 38.8 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (5) 20 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 38 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 32 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (5) 14 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 45.1 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (5) 11 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 26 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 51.7 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (8) 11 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 26 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 51.7 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (9) 22 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 42 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 25.2 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (10) 19 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (1) 40 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 30.9 parts by mass
- First layer component No. (5) 10 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (3) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 49.0 parts by mass.
- First layer component No. (10) 10 parts by mass of the second layer component No. (3) 30 parts by mass ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 parts by mass 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 0.7 parts by mass 2-propanol 49.0 parts by mass.
- Coating composition no. 29 The following materials were mixed and the coating composition No. 29 was obtained.
- [Creation of support substrate] Hereafter, the preparation method of a support base material is shown. The composition of each sample is summarized in Table 1.
- a 160 W / cm high-pressure mercury lamp lamp manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.
- the Ra surface roughness
- the cross-sectional curve measured determine the contour curve obtained by blocking the long wavelength components (roughness curve) by the high-pass filter cut-off value lambda c, reference of the curve It is the average value of the absolute value of the height (the distance from the average line to the measurement curve) in length.
- Example 1 [Method for creating laminate (number of coatings once)]
- the support substrate 1 was used as a support substrate.
- the coating composition No On the surface of the supporting substrate on which the easy-adhesion coating is applied, the coating composition No.
- the following first stage drying was performed, followed by the second stage drying.
- First stage Hot air temperature 50 °C Hot air wind speed 1.5m / s Wind direction Parallel to the coating surface Drying time 0.5 minutes
- Second stage Hot air temperature 100 ° C Hot air wind speed 5m / s Wind direction Vertical to coated surface Drying time 1 minute
- the wind speed of hot air was converted from the measured value with the differential pressure gauge installed in the blowing part.
- Examples 2 to 7, Examples 10 to 31, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Examples 1 to 7, 10 to 31, and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the combinations of the supporting base material and the coating composition shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 were used. A laminate was created.
- First stage Hot air temperature 50 °C Hot air wind speed 1.5m / s Wind direction Parallel to the coating surface Drying time 0.5 minutes
- Second stage Hot air temperature 100 ° C Hot air wind speed 5m / s Wind direction Vertical to coated surface Drying time 1 minute
- the wind speed of hot air was converted from the measured value with the differential pressure gauge installed in the blowing part.
- First stage Hot air temperature 50 °C Hot air wind speed 1.5m / s Wind direction Parallel to the coating surface Drying time 0.5 minutes
- Second stage Hot air temperature 100 ° C Hot air wind speed 5m / s Wind direction Vertical to coated surface Drying time 1 minute
- the wind speed of hot air was converted from the measured value with the differential pressure gauge installed in the blowing part.
- a transparent conductive thin film made of indium-tin composite oxide was formed on the first layer of the laminate.
- the pressure before sputtering was 0.0001 Pa
- the target was 2 W / cm 2 using indium oxide containing 36% by mass of tin oxide (manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., density 6.9 g / cm 3 ).
- DC power was applied.
- Ar gas was flowed at 130 sccm and O 2 gas was flowed at a flow velocity at which the surface resistance value was minimized, and a film was formed by DC magnetron sputtering in an atmosphere of 0.4 Pa.
- a pulse having a width of 5 ⁇ s was applied at a frequency of 50 kHz using RPG-100 manufactured by Nippon NII.
- the center roll temperature was 10 ° C. and sputtering was performed.
- annealing is performed for 10 minutes under conditions of a vacuum of 0.01 Pa or less and a temperature of 160 ° C., and a conductive layer made of an indium-tin composite oxide having a thickness of 30 nm and a refractive index of 1.96 is deposited to form a transparent conductive laminate Created the body.
- refractive index of first layer and second layer The refractive index of each of the first and second layers is measured with a reflection spectral film thickness meter (trade name [FE-3000], manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.), and the reflectance in the range of 300 to 800 nm is measured.
- a refractive index at 550 nm was obtained according to the method described in [Film thickness measuring apparatus general catalog P6 (nonlinear least squares method)] manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- optical constants (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ) are calculated by the least square method (curve fitting method) using Cauchy's dispersion formula (Formula 1) as an approximate expression of the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index, and the refractive index at 550 nm is calculated. It was measured.
- the first layer does not exist because the selected layer has penetrated the second layer as indicated by reference numeral 10 in FIG. Since there is no thickness of the layer, the thickness is treated as zero, and when the first layer is thinned as shown by reference numeral 11 in FIG. 4, the actual thickness of the first layer of that portion is measured, These were reflected by summing up and averaging.
- the procedure was as follows. An image obtained by photographing an ultrathin section of the laminated film with a TEM at a magnification of 200,000 times is adjusted with software (image processing software EasyAccess) so that the brightest part and the darkest part fall within an 8-bit tone curve. Furthermore, the contrast was adjusted so that two types of particles could be clearly distinguished. Next, two points (A 1 , A 2 ) are determined on the interface formed by the first layer and the second layer so that the linear distance is 500 nm or more, and the straight line length (unit length) connecting the two points is determined. A) was obtained.
- the length along the interface formed by the first layer and the second layer between the two points (A 1 , A 2 ) is detected by adjusting the threshold value in the object detection mode.
- the length B was obtained by measuring the length of the boundary line. From unit length A and length B obtained from these results, B / A was determined.
- the outer diameter means the maximum diameter of the particle (that is, the longest diameter of the particle and indicates the longest diameter in the particle). Similarly, in the case of a particle having a cavity inside, the maximum diameter of the particle is also defined. To express.
- Transparency of laminate was determined by measuring the haze value. The measurement is based on JIS-K7136 (2000), using a haze meter manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., so that light can be transmitted from the side opposite to the support substrate of the laminate sample (laminated film side). The haze value of 1.2% or less was regarded as acceptable.
- Total light transmittance of transparent conductive laminate In accordance with JIS-K7136 (2000), using Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., NDH-1001DP, the total light transmittance (%) of the portion with the transparent conductive layer of the transparent conductive laminate was measured. 1.5% or less was accepted.
- a polyethylene terephthalate film having an acrylic adhesive layer with a refractive index of 1.52 was bonded to the transparent conductive layer side as a protective film.
- FMV-BIBLOLOOX T70M / T manufactured by Fujitsu Ltd. the screen is displayed in white, and a film with a protective film attached is placed in front of it, and the appearance of patterning is evaluated from various angles. , A and B were accepted.
- Tables 2-1 and 2-2 summarize the evaluation results of the laminate, and Table 3 summarizes the evaluation results of the transparent conductive laminate.
- the embodiments of the present invention achieve both the first and second problems to be solved by the present invention.
- the thickness of the second layer of the laminate is thicker than the preferred range of the present invention, large values of B / A, laminate D A / D value is greater Example 4 B, and the transparent conductive using the same In the conductive laminate, the surface resistance value and adhesion, the suppression of coloring of transmitted light (color b value), and visibility were slightly inferior, but were acceptable.
- Examples 29 and 30 are examples in which the value of D A / D B of the laminate is smaller than the preferred range of the present invention. And the laminated body of Example 29 and 30 and the transparent conductive laminated body using the same are inferior in surface resistance value, adhesiveness, coloring suppression (color b value) of transmitted light, and visibility, but in an acceptable range. It was a thing.
- Example 8 In the laminate of Example 8 in which the production method of the laminate is different from the preferred method of the present invention, and the transparent conductive laminate using the laminate, the transparency of the laminate and the total light transmittance of the transparent conductive laminate Further, the surface resistance value and adhesion, the suppression of coloring of transmitted light (color b value), and visibility were slightly inferior, but were acceptable.
- the laminate of Example 9 in which the inorganic particles A of the laminate are not fluorine surface-treated particles and the production method is different from the preferred method of the present invention, and the transparent conductive laminate using the laminate, the transparency of the laminate The total light transmittance of the transparent conductive laminate, the surface resistance value and the adhesion, the suppression of coloring of transmitted light (color b value), and the visibility were somewhat inferior, but acceptable.
- the transparency of the laminate and the transparent conductivity The total light transmittance, surface resistance value and adhesiveness of the conductive laminate, coloring suppression of transmitted light (color b value), and visibility were somewhat inferior, but acceptable.
- the method for producing a laminate in the laminate of Example 13 in which the surface roughness of the support substrate is different from the preferred range of the present invention, and the transparent conductive laminate using the laminate, the transparency of the laminate, The total light transmittance, surface resistance value and adhesiveness of the conductive laminate, coloration suppression of transmitted light (color b value), and visibility were somewhat inferior, but were acceptable.
- the present invention is a laminate having a high transparency, high conductivity, good adhesion of the transparent conductive layer, little transmitted light coloring, no emphasis on patterning, and a simplified manufacturing process, a transparent conductive laminate,
- the present invention relates to a touch panel and a method for manufacturing the laminate.
- the laminated body, transparent conductive laminated body or touch panel according to the present invention is particularly preferably used for capacitive touch panel applications. Further, such a capacitive touch panel is preferably mounted on various mobile devices such as a mobile phone and a portable music terminal.
Abstract
Description
1)支持基材の少なくとも片面に、屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜を有する積層体であって、
積層膜を構成する2層が第1層と第2層とからなり、第1層、第2層、支持基材がこの順に積層され、
第1層は無機粒子Aを含み、無機粒子Aの数平均粒子径(DA)と第1層の膜厚(T1)の関係が、以下の条件を満たすことを特徴とする積層体。
2)無機粒子Aによる第2層の表面の被覆率が90%以上であることを特徴とする、前記(1)の積層体。
3)以下の(1)から(3)で定義される単位長さAと長さBの比B/Aが、1≦B/A≦ 1.15である、前記(1)または(2)の積層体。
4)前記第2層が無機粒子Bを含み、無機粒子Bの数平均粒子径(DB)と、無機粒子Aの数平均粒子径(DA)との関係が、以下の条件を満たすことを特徴とする、(1)から(3)のいずれかの積層体。
5)前記第1層の膜厚T1が、10μm以上50μm以下であることを特徴とする、(1)から(4)のいずれかの積層体。
6)前記無機粒子Aが、フッ素化合物Aにより表面処理された無機粒子(これをフッ素処理無機粒子Aとする)であることを特徴とする、(1)から(5)のいずれかの積層体。
7)前記無機粒子Aの数平均粒子径(DA)が、20nm以上25nm以下であることを特徴とする、(1)から(6)のいずれかの積層体。
8)前記(1)~(7)のいずれかの積層体の第1層上に、導電性領域と非導電性領域からなる透明導電層を有することを特徴とする、透明導電性積層体。
9)一対の透明導電膜付基板が一定間隔をおいて対向配置されたタッチパネルであって、前記透明導電膜付基板の少なくとも一方が、(8)の透明導電性積層体であり、該積層体の前記積層膜が他方の透明導電膜付基板に対向するように配設されてなることを特徴とするタッチパネル。
10)(1)から(7)のいずれかの積層体を製造する方法であって、前記支持基材の少なくとも片面上に、塗料組成物を1回のみ塗布することで屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜を形成することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。
11)前記積層体の製造方法において、支持基材の表面エネルギーが40mN/m以上で、JIS-B-0601(2001)に記載の表面粗さが40nm以下であることを特徴とする、(10)の積層体の製造方法。
1.0≦(T1/DA)≦ 1.8 式2
1.1≦(T1/DA)≦ 1.6 式3
T1/DAを0.9以上2.0以下とするためには、積層膜を形成するために用いる塗料組成物中の無機粒子Aの濃度、第1層の塗布膜厚、表面処理による無機粒子Aの表面状態の制御により達成可能である。さらに後述する本発明の積層体の製造方法を用い、塗料組成物中の無機粒子Aの濃度、1回塗布の塗布膜厚、表面処理による無機粒子Aの表面状態の制御することによって、より好ましいT1/DAの範囲にすることができる。
(1)第1層と第2層とで形成される界面において、直線長さが500nm以上離れた任意の界面上の2点をA1、A2とする。
(2)A1とA2を結ぶ直線の長さを、単位長さAとする。
(3)A1とA2間の第1層と第2層とで形成される界面に沿った長さを、長さBとする。
1≦(DA/DB)≦5 式4
1≦(DA/DB)≦4 式5
1≦(DA/DB)≦3 式6
前記DA/DBを1以上5以下にするためには、無機粒子A及び無機粒子Bの粒子径を制御することにより達成可能である。
本発明の対象物である積層体とは、支持基材の少なくとも片面に屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜が形成された部材を指し、支持基材がプラスチックフィルムの場合には、屈折率調整フィルムと呼ばれる。
本発明の対象物である透明導電性積層体とは、支持基材上に、第2層、第1層、及び透明導電層をこの順に積層した構成、すなわち、前記積層体の第1層の上に透明導電層を積層した構成を有する。
本発明の積層体の積層膜は、少なくとも第1層が無機粒子(無機粒子A)を含むことが重要である。さらに、本発明の積層体の積層膜は、第1層及び第2層にそれぞれ無機粒子A、無機粒子Bを含むことが好ましい。なお、無機粒子Aと無機粒子Bの粒子の種類は異なることが好ましい。
本発明の積層体の製造方法に好適に用いられる塗料組成物は、少なくとも無機粒子Aを含む塗料組成物であり、より好ましくは無機粒子Aと無機粒子Bを含む塗料組成物であり、より好ましくはフッ素処理無機粒子Aと無機粒子Bを含む塗料組成物である。本発明の製造方法では、塗料組成物を支持基材の少なくとも片面上に1回のみ塗布することにより、支持基材上に屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜を形成することが可能であり、それにより本発明の目的に適した積層体を形成することができる。
本発明の積層体の第1層に含まれる無機粒子Aに関して説明する。無機粒子Aは、Si,Na,K,Ca,MgおよびAlから選択される半金属元素、または金属元素の酸化物、窒化物、ホウ素化物、フッ素化物が好ましく、シリカ粒子(SiO2)、アルカリ金属フッ化物類(NaF,KF,NaAlF6など)、およびアルカリ土類金属のフッ化物(CaF2、MgF2など)がより好ましく、耐久性、屈折率、コストなどの点からシリカ粒子が特に好ましい。
ここで、Rfは、フルオロアルキル基、フルオロオキシアルキル基、フルオロアルケニル基、フルオロアルカンジイル基、及びフルオロオキシアルカンジイル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの置換基を有する。
ここで、R42は、炭素数1から6のアルキレン基を示す。
R5は、反応性部位を示す。
ここで、R62は、炭素数1から6のアルキレン基を示す。
本発明の積層体の第2層は、少なくとも1種類以上の無機粒子を含むことが好ましく、第2層が有する無機粒子を無機粒子Bとする。無機粒子Bは、無機粒子Aとは異なる種類の無機粒子が好ましい。無機粒子Bは特に限定されないが、金属元素、半金属元素の酸化物、窒化物、ホウ素化物であることが好ましく、Ga、Zr,Ti,Al,In,Zn,Sb,Sn,およびCeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素Bの酸化物粒子であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の積層体の積層膜は、1種類以上のバインダーを含むことが好ましい。そのため本発明の積層体の好適な製造方法において用いられる塗料組成物は、1種類以上のバインダー原料を含むことが好ましい。ここで本発明において、塗料組成物中に含まれるバインダーを「バインダー原料」、積層体の積層膜中に含まれるバインダーを「バインダー」と表すが、バインダーとしては、バインダー原料がそのままバインダーとして存在する場合もある(つまり、塗料組成物のバインダー原料が、そのままの形で積層膜中のバインダーとして存在する態様も含む。)。
本発明の積層体の製造方法に用いる塗料組成物は、前述の無機粒子、バインダー原料に加えて、有機溶媒を含むことが好ましい。有機溶媒を含むことにより、塗布時に適度な流動性を与え、また粒子の運動性を確保できるため積層膜の自発的な層形成が容易となり、良好な特性を発現できるため好ましい。
本発明の製造方法に用いる塗料組成物としては、更に重合開始剤や硬化剤を含むことが好ましい。重合開始剤及び硬化剤は、表面処理無機粒子とバインダー原料との反応を促進したり、バインダー間の反応を促進したりするために用いられる。
本発明の製造方法に用いる塗料組成物は、無機粒子A/(無機粒子Bを含む他の無機粒子)(質量比率)が、1/30~1/1であることが好ましい。無機粒子A/(無機粒子Bを含む他の無機粒子)=1/30~1/1とすることで、得られる積層体の第1層の厚みと第2層の厚みの比を一定にすることができる。このため1回の塗布で第1層と第2層の厚みを同時に必要な厚みとすることが容易であるため好ましい。
本発明の積層体の製造方法としては、支持基材の少なくとも片面に、塗料組成物を1回のみ塗布することによりして、屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜を形成する方法であることが望ましい。この製造方法は、塗布工程で2つの層を形成できるため経済性の面で好ましい。
本発明の透明導電性積層体は、前記積層体の第1層上に透明導電層を形成して得られる。透明導電層の製造方法としては、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、CVD法、イオンプレーティング法、スプレー法などが知られており、必要とする膜厚に応じて、前記の方法を適宜用いることができる。例えば、スパッタリング法の場合、酸化物ターゲットを用いた通常のスパッタリング法、あるいは、金属ターゲットを用いた反応性スパッタリング法等が用いられる。この時、反応性ガスとして、酸素、窒素、等を導入したり、オゾン添加、プラズマ照射、イオンアシスト等の手段を併用したりしてもよい。また、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、基板に直流、交流、高周波などのバイアスを印加してもよい。
[第2層構成成分No.(1)の調製]
下記材料を混合し、第2層構成成分No.(1)を得た。
二酸化チタン粒子イソプロピルアルコール分散物 8.2質量部
(ELCOM 日揮触媒化成株式会社製: 固形分30質量%、数平均粒子径 8nm)
バインダー原料 1.1質量部
(PET-30: 日本化薬株式会社製 固形分100質量%)
2-プロパノール 90.7質量部。
下記材料を混合し、第2層構成成分No.(2)を得た。
酸化ジルコニウム粒子メチルエチルケトン分散物 8.2質量部
(株式会社ソーラー製 固形分30質量%、数平均粒子径 15nm)
バインダー原料 1.1質量部
(PET-30: 日本化薬株式会社 固形分100質量%)
2-プロパノール 90.7質量部。
下記材料を混合し、第2層構成成分No.(3)を得た。
酸化ジルコニウム粒子メチルイソブチルケトン分散物 8.2質量部
(CIKナノテック株式会社製 固形分30質量%、数平均粒子径 40nm)
バインダー原料 1.1質量部
(PET-30: 日本化薬株式会社 固形分100質量%)
2-プロパノール 90.7質量部。
下記材料を混合し、第2層構成成分No.(4)を得た。
酸化ジルコニウム粒子メチルイソブチルケトン分散物 8.2質量部
(CIKナノテック株式会社製 固形分30質量%、数平均粒子径 20nm)
バインダー原料 1.1質量部
(PET-30: 日本化薬株式会社 固形分100質量%)
2-プロパノール 90.7質量部。
[第1層構成成分No.(1)の調製]
イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカ(扶桑化学工業株式会社製コロイダルシリカゾル(PL-2L IPA):固形分濃度30質量%、数平均粒子径18nm )15gに、メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン1.37gと10質量%蟻酸水溶液0.17gを混合し、70℃にて1時間撹拌した。ついで、H2C=CH-COO-CH2-(CF2)8F 1.38g及び2,2-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.057gを加えた後、60分間90℃にて加熱撹拌した。その後、イソプロピルアルコールを加え希釈し、固形分3.5質量%の第1層構成成分No.(1)とした。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカを、中空シリカイソプロピルアルコール分散物(日揮触媒化成株式会社製中空シリカ:固形分濃度20質量%、数平均粒子径 40nm)に変えた以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(2)を得た。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカを、中空シリカイソプロピルアルコール分散物(日揮触媒化成株式会社製中空シリカ:固形分濃度20質量%、数平均粒子径 60nm)に変えた以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(3)を得た。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカの種類(日産化学工業株式会社製 コロイダルシリカ IPA-ST:固形分濃度30質量%、数平均粒子径 12.5nm)に変えた以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(4)を得た。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカを、フッ化マグネシウムイソプロピルアルコール分散物(CIKナノテック株式会社製:固形分濃度20質量%、数平均粒子径 20nm)に変えた以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(5)を得た。
中空シリカイソプロピルアルコール分散物(日揮触媒化成株式会社製中空シリカ:固形分濃度20質量%、数平均粒子径 40nm)15gに、メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン1.37gと10質量%蟻酸水溶液0.17gを混合し、70℃にて1時間撹拌した。ついで90℃にて1時間加熱撹拌した。その後、イソプロピルアルコールを加え希釈し、固形分3.5質量%の第1層構成成分No.(6)とした。
メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン1.37gと10質量%蟻酸水溶液0.17gを混合し、70℃にて1時間撹拌した。ついで90℃にて1時間加熱撹拌した。その後、イソプロピルアルコールを加え希釈し、固形分3.5質量%の第1層構成成分No.(7)とした。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカの種類を変更(日産化学工業株式会社製 イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカ(IPA-ST-MA):固形分濃度30質量%、数平均粒子径 25nm)した以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(8)を得た。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカの種類を変更(扶桑化学工業株式会社製 イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカ(PL-3L IPA):固形分濃度30質量%、数平均粒子径 35nm)した以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(9)を得た。
前記第1層構成成分No.(1)に対し、IPAイソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカの種類を変更(日揮触媒化成株式会社製 イソプロピルアルコール分散コロイダルシリカ:固形分濃度30質量%、数平均粒子径 30nm)した以外は同様にして、第1層構成成分No.(10)を得た。
[ハードコート組成物No.1の調製]
下記材料を混合しハードコート組成物No.1を得た。
ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA) 30.0質量部
イルガキュア907(チバスペシャリティケミカルズ社製) 1.5質量部
メチルイソブチルケトン 73.5質量部。
下記材料を混合しハードコート組成物No.2を得た。
ハードコート塗料組成物 50.0質量部
(XAFF-201 DHマテリアル株式会社製)
メチルイソブチルケトン 50.0質量部。
下記材料を混合しハードコート組成物No.3を得た。
ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA) 30.0質量部
コロイダルシリカ粒子分散物 5質量部
(ELCOM TO-1024SIV 日揮触媒化成株式会社
30質量% 数平均粒子径:45nm)
イルガキュア907(チバスペシャリティケミカルズ社製) 1.5質量部
メチルイソブチルケトン 73.5質量部。
下記材料を混合しハードコート組成物No.4を得た。
ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA) 30.0質量部
コロイダルシリカ粒子分散物 20質量部
(ELCOM TO-1025SIV 日揮触媒化成株式会社
30質量% 数平均粒子径:120nm)
イルガキュア907(チバスペシャリティケミカルズ社製) 1.5質量部
メチルイソブチルケトン 73.5質量部。
[塗料組成物No.1の調製]
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.1を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(1) 13質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 46.3質量部。
塗料組成物No.1に対し、第2層構成成分No.(1)を第2層構成成分No.(2)に置き換えた以外は同様にして、塗料組成物No.2を得た。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.3を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(2) 20質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 39.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.4を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(3) 30質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 29.3質量部。
塗料組成物No.1に対し、第1層構成成分No.(1)を第1層構成成分No.(4)に置き換えた以外は同様にして、塗料組成物No.5を得た。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.6を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(2) 22質量部
第2層構成成分No.(2) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 37.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.7を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(5) 17質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 42.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.8を得た。
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 60質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.9を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(2) 19質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 70.3質量部。
塗料組成物No.9に対し、第1層構成成分No.(2)を第1層構成成分No.(6)に置き換えた以外は同様にして、塗料組成物No.10を得た。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.11を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(2) 17質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 42.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.12を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(4) 29質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 29質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 31.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.13を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(7) 13質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 29質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 47.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.14を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(8) 22質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 45質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 22.5質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.15を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(8) 21質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 43質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 25.8質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.16を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(8) 18質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 38質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 33.3質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.17を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(8) 14質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 36質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 38.8質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.18を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(8) 12質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 29質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 48.4質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.19を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(5) 20質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 38質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 32質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.20を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(5) 14質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 45.1質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.21を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(5) 11質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 26質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 51.7質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.22を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(8) 11質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 26質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 51.7質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.23を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(4) 8 質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 17質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 64.6質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.24を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(9) 22質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 42質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 25.2質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.25を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(10) 27質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 58質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 4.4質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.26を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(10) 19質量部
第2層構成成分No.(1) 40質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 30.9質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.27を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(5) 10質量部
第2層構成成分No.(3) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 49.0質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.28を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(10) 10質量部
第2層構成成分No.(3) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 49.0質量部。
下記材料を混合し塗料組成物No.29を得た。
第1層構成成分No.(5) 10質量部
第2層構成成分No.(4) 30質量部
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル 10質量部
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン 0.7質量部
2-プロパノール 49.0質量部。 [支持基材の作成]
以下、支持基材の作成方法を示す。各サンプルの構成については、表1にまとめる。
支持基材No.1~3として、PET("PET"は"ポリエチレンテレフタレート"を示す)樹脂フィルム上に易接着性塗料が塗布されている易接着PETフィルムU48、U46、U34(東レ株式会社製)をそれぞれ用いた。
支持基材1の易接着塗料が塗布されている面上に、前述のハードコート組成物No.1をバーコーター(#10)を用いて塗布後、下記に示す乾燥を行った。
熱風風速 3m/s
風向 塗布面に対して平行
乾燥時間 1.5分間
次いで160W/cmの高圧水銀灯ランプ(アイグラフィックス(株)製)を用いて、照度600W/cm2、積算光量800mJ/cm2の紫外線を、酸素濃度0.1体積%の下で照射して硬化させ、これを支持基材4とした。
前記支持基材No.4の製造方法に対して、ハードコート組成物No.1の代わりにハードコート組成物No.2、3および4を用いた以外は同様にして、支持基材No.5、6および7を作成した。
本発明の製造方法にて用いる支持基材について、積層膜を塗布する面の表面粗さと表面エネルギーの評価を実施し、得られた結果を表に示す。特に断りのない場合を除き、測定は各実施例・比較例において1つのサンプルについて場所を変えて3回測定を行い、その平均値を用いた
[支持基材の表面粗さRa(nm)]
表面粗さ計(SURFCORDER ET4000A:(株)小坂研究所製)を用い、JIS-B-0601(2001)に基づき、下記測定条件にて測定を行った。Ra(表面粗さ)とは、測定される断面曲線から、カットオフ値λcの高域フィルタによって長波長成分を遮断して得られた輪郭曲線(粗さ曲線)を求め、その曲線の基準長さにおける高さ(平均線から測定曲線までの距離)の絶対値の平均値のことである。
<測定条件>
測定速度 :0.1mm/S
評価長さ :10mm
カットオフ値λc :0.1mm
フィルタ:ガウシアンフィルタ低域カット。
支持基材の積層膜を塗布する面の表面自由エネルギーは、水、エチレングリコール、ホルムアミド、ジヨードメタンの接触角を協和界面科学製自動接触角計DM-501を用いて測定し、その平均値を用いて同装置付属の解析ソフトソフト「FAMAS」を用いて算出した。算出原理はOwensの方法(J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,13,1741(1969)に基づくものである。測定は各サンプルについて4点行った。
[積層体の作成方法(塗布回数1回)]
支持基材として前記支持基材1を用いた。この支持基材の易接着塗料が塗布されている面上に、塗料組成物No.1をバーコーター(#6)で塗布後、下記に示す第一段階の乾燥を行い、次いで第二段階の乾燥を行った。
熱風温度 50℃
熱風風速 1.5m/s
風向 塗布面に対して平行
乾燥時間 0.5分間
第二段階
熱風温度 100℃
熱風風速 5m/s
風向 塗布面に対して垂直
乾燥時間 1分間
なお、熱風の風速は吹き出し部に設置された差圧計による測定値から換算した。
表1-1、1-2に示す支持基材と塗料組成物の組み合わせを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例1~7、10~31,比較例1~4の積層体を作成した。
支持基材として、表1-1に記載の支持基材を用いた。
この支持基材の易接着塗料が塗布されている面上に、表1-1に記載の塗料組成物をバーコーター(#6)で塗布後、下記に示す第一段階の乾燥を行い、次いで第二段階の乾燥を行った。
熱風温度 50℃
熱風風速 1.5m/s
風向 塗布面に対して平行
乾燥時間 0.5分間
第二段階
熱風温度 100℃
熱風風速 5m/s
風向 塗布面に対して垂直
乾燥時間 1分間
なお、熱風の風速は吹き出し部に設置された差圧計による測定値から換算した。
上記塗料組成物を硬化させた後、当該硬化物の上に、表1-1に記載の塗料組成物をバーコーター(#6)で塗布後、下記に示す第一段階の乾燥を行い、次いで第二段階の乾燥を行った。
熱風温度 50℃
熱風風速 1.5m/s
風向 塗布面に対して平行
乾燥時間 0.5分間
第二段階
熱風温度 100℃
熱風風速 5m/s
風向 塗布面に対して垂直
乾燥時間 1分間
なお、熱風の風速は吹き出し部に設置された差圧計による測定値から換算した。
作製した積層体について次に示す性能評価を実施し、得られた結果を表に示す。特に断りのない場合を除き、測定は各実施例・比較例において1つのサンプルについて場所を変えて3回測定を行い、その平均値を用いた。
前記積層体の第1層上にインジウム-スズ複合酸化物からなる透明導電性薄膜を成膜した。このとき、スパッタリング前の圧力を0.0001Paとし、ターゲットとして酸化スズを36質量%含有した酸化インジウム(住友金属鉱山株式会社製、密度6.9g/cm3)に用いて、2W/cm2のDC電力を印加した。また、Arガスを130sccm、O2ガスを表面抵抗値が最小となる流速で流し、0.4Paの雰囲気下でDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法を用いて成膜した。ただし、通常のDCではなく、アーク放電を防止するために、日本イーエヌアイ製RPG-100を用いて5μs幅のパルスを50kHz周期で印加した。また、センターロール温度は10℃として、スパッタリングを行った。
前記透明導電性積層体にエッチングレジストを印刷した後、1N塩酸中に浸漬、次いでアルカリ浸漬により、1×3cmのパターンを形成した。
第1層、第2層の個々の屈折率は、反射分光膜厚計(大塚電子製、商品名[FE-3000])により、300~800nmの範囲での反射率を測定し、該装置付属のソフトウェア[FE-Analysis]を用い、大塚電子株式会社製[膜厚測定装置 総合カタログP6(非線形最小二乗法)]に記載の方法に従い、550nmにおける屈折率を求めた。
透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて断面を観察することにより、積層膜中の第1層と第2層とで形成される界面の有無を判断した。界面の有無の判断は以下の方法に従い判断した。
明確な境界を引くことができる場合 「A」
明確な境界を引くことができるが、やや乱れがある場合。 「B」
明確な境界を引くことができない場合 「C」
[第1層と第2層の厚み(T1,T2)]
透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて断面を観察することにより、支持基材上の第1層と第2層の厚みを測定した。各層の厚みは、以下の方法に従い測定した。積層膜の断面の超薄切片をTEMにより20万倍の倍率で撮影した画像から、ソフトウェア(画像処理ソフトEasyAccess)にて各層の厚みを読み取った。合計で30点の層厚みを測定して平均値とした。
透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて断面を観察することにより、前述の方法で区別した界面に対し、画像処理ソフトにより単位長さA、長さBを求め、その比B/Aを求めた。
透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて断面を観察することにより、[第1層と第2層とで形成される界面の状態]に記載の方法で区別した第1層、第2層に対し、同画像から第1層に含まれる粒子100個について、その外径を画像処理ソフトによって計測し、その値をJISZ8819-2(2001)記載の個数基準算術平均長さ径に基づいて平均化することでDAを求め、第2層についても同様にしてDBを求めた。
走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて表面を観察することにより、前述の定義に基づき無機粒子Aによる第2層の被覆率を求めた。具体的には、画面中に粒子が100個以上観測される条件で倍率を設定し、ソフトウェア(画像処理ソフトEasyAccess)にて、撮影した画像のホワイトバランスを最明部と最暗部が8bitのトーンカーブに収まるように調整し、さらに2種類の粒子が明確に見分けられるようにコントラストを調節した。次いで同画像を2値化した後、ヒストグラムから第2層に該当する部分の画素数を求め、これを総画素数で除することにより、無機粒子Aによる第2層の被覆率を求めた。
透明性はヘイズ値を測定することにより判定した。測定はJIS-K7136(2000)に基づき、日本電色工業(株)製ヘイズメーターを用いて、積層体サンプルの支持基材とは反対側(積層膜側)から光を透過するように装置に置いて測定を行い、ヘイズ値が1.2%以下を合格とした。
JIS-K7136(2000)に準拠し、日本電色工業(株)製、NDH-1001DPを用いて、透明導電性積層体の透明導電層のある部分の全光線透過率(%)を測定し、1.5%以下を合格とした。
JIS-K7194(1994)に準拠し、4端子法にて表面抵抗値を測定した。測定器は、ダイアインスツルメンツ製ロレスタ-EPを用いた。
常態下(23℃、相対湿度65%)で、透明導電層を有する面に1cm2のクロスカットを100個入れ、ニチバン株式会社製セロハンテープをその上に貼り付け、ゴムローラーを用いて、荷重19.6Nで3往復させ、押し付けた後、90度方向に剥離し、透明導電層の残存した個数により3段階評価(A:81個~100個、B:61個~80個、C:0個~60個)した。AとBを密着性合格とした。
透明導電層のある部分と透明導電層のない部分のカラーb値を、JIS-K7105(1981)に準拠した色差計(日本電色工業製、ZE-2000)を用いて、標準の光C/2にて、それぞれ測定し、透明導電層のある部分のカラーb値をb1、透明導電層のない部分のカラーb値をb0とし、b0とb1の差が1.0以下を合格とした。
透明導電層側に、屈折率1.52のアクリル系粘着層を有するポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを保護フィルムとして貼り合わせた。富士通社製FMV-BIBLOLOOX T70M/Tを用いて画面を白色表示にし、保護フィルムを貼り合わせたフィルムをその前に置いて、様々な角度からパターニングの見え方を評価し、下記の判断基準でAA、AおよびBを合格とした。
A: パターニングがほとんどみえない。
該積層体の無機粒子Aがフッ素表面処理粒子ではなく、製造方法が本発明の好ましい方法とは異なる実施例9の積層体、およびそれを用いた透明導電性積層体では、積層体の透明性、透明導電性積層体の全光線透過率、表面抵抗値と密着性、透過光の着色抑制(カラーb値)、視認性がやや劣るが許容できる範囲であった。
該積層体の製造方法において、支持基材の表面エネルギーが本発明の好ましい範囲とは異なる実施例13の積層体、およびそれを用いた透明導電性積層体では、積層体の透明性、透明導電性積層体の全光線透過率、表面抵抗値と密着性、透過光の着色抑制(カラーb値)、視認性がやや劣るが許容できる範囲であった。
該積層体の製造方法において、支持基材の表面粗さが本発明の好ましい範囲とは異なる実施例13の積層体、およびそれを用いた透明導電性積層体では、積層体の透明性、透明導電性積層体の全光線透過率、表面抵抗値と密着性、透過光の着色抑制(カラーb値)、視認性がやや劣るが許容できる範囲であった。
2 支持基材
3 積層膜
4 第1層
5、9 第2層
6、8、14 無機粒子A
7 無機粒子B
10、12 第2層の第1層への浸入部
11、13 第1層の途切れている部分
Claims (11)
- 支持基材の少なくとも片面に、屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜を有する積層体であって、
積層膜を構成する2層が第1層と第2層とからなり、第1層、第2層、支持基材がこの順に積層され、
第1層は無機粒子Aを含み、無機粒子Aの数平均粒子径(DA)と第1層の膜厚(T1)の関係が、以下の条件を満たすことを特徴とする積層体。
0.9≦(T1/DA)≦ 2.0 - 無機粒子Aによる第2層の表面の被覆率が90%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 以下の(1)から(3)で定義される単位長さAと長さBの比B/Aが、1≦B/A≦ 1.15である、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
(1) 第1層と第2層とで形成される界面において、直線長さが500nm以上離れた任意の界面上の2点をA1、A2する。
(2) A1とA2を結ぶ直線の長さを単位長さAとする。
(3) A1とA2間の第1層と第2層とで形成される界面に沿った長さを、長さBとする。 - 前記第2層が無機粒子Bを含み、無機粒子Bの数平均粒子径(DB)と、無機粒子Aの数平均粒子径(DA)との関係が、以下の条件を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の積層体。
1≦(DA/DB)≦5 - 前記第1層の膜厚T1が、10μm以上50μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記無機粒子Aが、フッ素化合物Aにより表面処理された無機粒子(これをフッ素処理無機粒子Aとする)であることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記無機粒子Aの数平均粒子径(DA)が、20nm以上25nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の積層体の第1層上に、導電層を有することを特徴とする、透明導電性積層体。
- 請求項8に記載の透明導電性積層体を含むタッチパネル。
- 請求項1から7のいずれかの積層体を製造する方法であって、前記支持基材の少なくとも片面上に、塗料組成物を1回のみ塗布することで屈折率の異なる2層からなる積層膜を形成することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。
- 前記積層体の製造方法において、支持基材の表面エネルギーが40mN/m以上で、JIS-B-0601(2001)に記載の表面粗さが40nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の積層体の製造方法。
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JPWO2013021965A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
KR101990800B1 (ko) | 2019-06-19 |
CN103687720A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
CN103687720B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
TW201318863A (zh) | 2013-05-16 |
JP6020172B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
KR20140045934A (ko) | 2014-04-17 |
TWI586541B (zh) | 2017-06-11 |
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