WO2012114661A1 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114661A1 WO2012114661A1 PCT/JP2012/000703 JP2012000703W WO2012114661A1 WO 2012114661 A1 WO2012114661 A1 WO 2012114661A1 JP 2012000703 W JP2012000703 W JP 2012000703W WO 2012114661 A1 WO2012114661 A1 WO 2012114661A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spark plug
- electrode
- ground electrode
- center electrode
- tip
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spark plug.
- Patent Document 1 a technique in which the cross-sectional shape of the tip of the ground electrode is trapezoidal.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and aims to improve the ignitability of a spark plug used in a high pressure environment.
- the present invention can be realized as the following aspects or application examples.
- the spark plug wherein a width in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the center electrode decreases as it goes from the maximum width portion to each of an inner surface and an outer surface of the ground electrode.
- the length of the ground electrode is shortened, the high temperature at the tip of the ground electrode can be suppressed even under a high pressure environment, and the flow of the air-fuel mixture can be rectified.
- the ignitability of the electrode can be improved.
- the spark plug has the maximum width portion only at a position 25% to 75% on the outer surface side from the center position of the end surface in the direction from the inner surface to the outer surface of the ground electrode.
- the maximum width portion of the end face is formed only at a position on the outer face side of 25% to 75% from the center position of the end face. Therefore, the flow of the air-fuel mixture is rectified to ignite the ground electrode. Can be further improved.
- the end surface includes a first end side and a second end side extending linearly along a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the center electrode on the outer peripheral portion;
- the first end side is formed as an intersection line between the end surface and the outer side surface, and the second end side is formed as an intersection line between the end surface and the inner side surface,
- the spark plug has a length A1 of the first end side that is longer than a length A2 of the second end side and shorter than a width of the maximum width portion.
- the end surface has a length A1 of the end side on the outer surface side that is longer than the length A2 of the end surface on the inner surface side and shorter than the width of the maximum width portion.
- the end face is a spark plug in which an outer peripheral portion between the first end side and the second end side has a curved shape.
- the spark plug has a width of 1.5 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less.
- the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved by setting the width of the maximum width portion to 1.5 mm to 2.2 mm.
- the ground electrode is a spark plug attached such that a noble metal tip protrudes from the end face.
- the rectified mixed gas can be guided to the ignition point along the noble metal tip, the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100 according to a first embodiment.
- 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a tip 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug 100.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a tip 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug 100.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a shape of an end face 33 of the ground electrode 30.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a distal end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 1.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a distal end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 2.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a front end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 3.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a front end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 4.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a front end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 5.
- 14 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a front end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 6.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a front end portion 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug in Modification 3.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the axis O direction of the spark plug 100 is the vertical direction in the drawing, the lower side is the front end side of the spark plug 100, and the upper side is the rear end side.
- the spark plug 100 includes an insulator 10 as an insulator, a metal shell 50 that holds the insulator 10, a center electrode 20 that is held in the insulator 10 in the direction of the axis O, and a distal end surface 57 of the metal shell 50.
- a ground electrode 30 which is welded to the distal end portion 22 side of the center electrode 20 from the proximal end portion 32 to the distal end portion 31, and a terminal fitting 40 provided at the rear end portion of the insulator 10. It has.
- the insulator 10 is formed by firing alumina or the like, and has a cylindrical shape in which an axial hole 12 extending in the direction of the axis O is formed at the axial center.
- a flange portion 19 having the largest outer diameter is formed substantially at the center in the direction of the axis O, and a rear end body portion 18 is formed on the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 1).
- a front end side body portion 17 having a smaller outer diameter than the rear end side body portion 18 is formed on the front end side from the flange portion 19 (lower side in FIG. 1), and further, on the front end side from the front end side body portion 17,
- a leg length portion 13 having an outer diameter smaller than that of the distal end side body portion 17 is formed.
- the long leg portion 13 is reduced in diameter toward the tip side, and is exposed to the combustion chamber when the spark plug 100 is attached to the engine head 200 of the internal combustion engine.
- a step portion 15 is formed between the long leg portion 13 and the front end side body portion 17.
- the center electrode 20 is made of copper or copper having better thermal conductivity than the electrode base material 21 inside the electrode base material 21 formed of nickel or an alloy containing nickel as a main component, such as Inconel (trade name) 600 or 601.
- This is a rod-like electrode having a structure in which a core material 25 made of an alloy containing as a main component is embedded.
- the center electrode 20 is produced by filling a core material 25 inside an electrode base material 21 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and performing extrusion molding from the bottom side and stretching it.
- the core member 25 has a substantially constant outer diameter at the body portion, but is formed in a tapered shape at the distal end side.
- the front end portion 22 of the center electrode 20 protrudes from the front end portion of the insulator 10 and is formed so as to be smaller in diameter toward the front end side.
- a substantially cylindrical center electrode tip 70 made of a noble metal having a high melting point is joined to the tip surface of the tip portion 22 of the center electrode 20 in order to improve the spark wear resistance.
- the center electrode tip 70 may be, for example, iridium (Ir) or one of the main components of platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and rhenium (Re). It can be formed of an Ir alloy to which two or more kinds are added.
- the joining of the center electrode 20 and the center electrode tip 70 is performed by laser welding that goes around the outer periphery aiming at the mating surface between the center electrode tip 70 and the tip 22 of the center electrode 20.
- laser welding since both materials are melted and mixed by laser irradiation, the center electrode tip 70 and the center electrode 20 are firmly joined.
- the center electrode 20 extends in the shaft hole 12 toward the rear end side, and is electrically connected to the terminal fitting 40 on the rear side (upper side in FIG. 1) via the seal body 4 and the ceramic resistor 3 (see FIG. 1). It is connected to the.
- a high voltage cable (not shown) is connected to the terminal fitting 40 via a plug cap (not shown), and a high voltage is applied.
- the main metal fitting 50 is a cylindrical metal fitting for fixing the spark plug 100 to the engine head 200 of the internal combustion engine.
- the metal shell 50 holds the insulator 10 inside so as to surround a portion from a part of the rear end side body part 18 to the leg long part 13.
- the metal shell 50 is made of a low carbon steel material, and a thread engaging with a tool engaging portion 51 into which a spark plug wrench (not shown) is fitted and a mounting screw hole 201 of the engine head 200 provided at the upper part of the internal combustion engine. And a mounting screw portion 52 formed with the.
- a bowl-shaped seal portion 54 is formed between the tool engaging portion 51 and the mounting screw portion 52 of the metal shell 50.
- An annular gasket 5 formed by bending a plate is fitted into a screw neck 59 between the attachment screw portion 52 and the seal portion 54.
- the gasket 5 is crushed and deformed between the seat surface 55 of the seal portion 54 and the opening peripheral edge portion 205 of the attachment screw hole 201. Due to the deformation of the gasket 5, the gap between the spark plug 100 and the engine head 200 is sealed, and airtight leakage in the engine through the mounting screw hole 201 is prevented.
- the ground electrode 30 is made of a metal having high corrosion resistance.
- a nickel alloy such as Inconel (trade name) 600 or 601 is used.
- the spark plug 100 is characterized by the shape of the ground electrode 30. The shape of the ground electrode 30 will be described in detail later with reference to FIGS.
- a thin caulking portion 53 is provided on the rear end side from the tool engaging portion 51 of the metal shell 50. Further, a thin buckled portion 58 is provided between the seal portion 54 and the tool engaging portion 51, similarly to the caulking portion 53. Between the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 50 from the tool engagement portion 51 to the crimping portion 53 and the outer peripheral surface of the rear end side body portion 18 of the insulator 10, annular ring members 6 and 7 are interposed. Further, talc (talc) 9 powder is filled between the ring members 6 and 7. By crimping the crimping portion 53 so as to be bent inward, the insulator 10 is pressed toward the front end side in the metal shell 50 via the ring members 6, 7 and the talc 9.
- the step portion 15 of the insulator 10 is supported on the step portion 56 formed at the position of the mounting screw portion 52 on the inner periphery of the metal shell 50 via the annular plate packing 8, so that it is insulated from the metal shell 50.
- the insulator 10 is integrated.
- the buckling portion 58 is configured to bend outwardly and deform as the compression force is applied during caulking, and increases the airtightness in the metal shell 50 by earning a compression stroke of the talc 9. .
- a clearance C having a predetermined dimension is provided between the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10 on the tip side of the step portion 56.
- FIG. 2A shows the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 so that the tip of the spark plug 100 is on the upper side.
- FIG. 2B shows a state in which the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 is viewed from the direction of the axis O of the spark plug 100.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 as viewed from the right direction OR of FIG.
- the ground electrode 30 has a substantially rectangular cross section in the longitudinal direction thereof, and has an end face 33 having the same shape as the cross section at the tip 31.
- the end face 33 may have a shape different from the longitudinal cross section of the ground electrode 30.
- the ground electrode 30 is curved toward the distal end portion 22 side of the center electrode 20 so that the normal X direction of the end face 33 is orthogonal to the axis O direction.
- the ground electrode 30 includes an inner surface 34 on the inner side surface of the curve and an outer surface 35 on the outer side surface.
- the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 has its normal X direction formed at the center point 32 g of the base end portion 32 of the ground electrode 30 and the distal end portion 22 of the center electrode 20. It is formed so as to be parallel to the connecting line Y direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2B) connecting the center point 70g of the center electrode chip 70. Further, when viewed from the direction of the axis O (FIG. 2B), the end face 33 is between the base end portion 32 of the ground electrode 30 and the center electrode tip 70 formed at the tip end portion 22 of the center electrode 20. Alternatively, it is formed so as to be located on the center electrode chip 70.
- Position Pf Position of the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30
- Position Peb Position of the end eb on the center electrode 20 side of the base end portion 32 of the ground electrode 30
- Position Pci Position of the center electrode tip 70
- the position of the end point ci closest to the ground electrode 30 (4) the position Pco: the position of the end point co farthest from the ground electrode 30 in the center electrode chip 70
- the position Pf of the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30 is It is formed so as to be between the position Peb of the ground electrode 30 and the position Pci of the center electrode tip 70.
- the ground electrode 30 may be formed between the position Pci and the position Pco of the center electrode tip 70.
- the conventional ground electrode has a front end portion that exceeds the position Pco of the center electrode tip 70 in the connecting line Y direction so that the inner surface of the ground electrode faces the front end portion 22 of the center electrode 20 in the axis O direction. Was formed.
- the position Pf of the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30 is set as described above, the length of the ground electrode 30 from the base end portion 32 to the tip end portion 31 of the ground electrode 30 of this embodiment is shortened. be able to. Therefore, even when the spark plug 100 is used in a high pressure environment such as a high compression, high supercharged engine, etc., the high temperature of the tip 31 of the ground electrode 30 can be suppressed.
- the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 is formed on the outer peripheral portion 33 oc as an intersection line between the upper end side ESu formed as an intersection line with the outer surface 35 and the inner surface 34.
- a lower end side ESb is formed on the outer peripheral portion 33 oc as an intersection line between the upper end side ESu formed as an intersection line with the outer surface 35 and the inner surface 34.
- the upper side edge ESu and the lower side edge ESb each extend in a direction orthogonal to the axis O direction. Detailed shapes of the upper side edge ESu and the lower side edge ESb will be described later with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the shape of the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30 is viewed from the normal X direction.
- the direction in which the upper side edge ESu and the lower side edge ESb extend is referred to as the width direction OW (the left-right direction in FIG. 4) of the end surface 33.
- a direction orthogonal to the upper side edge ESu and the lower side edge ESb is referred to as a height direction OH of the end surface 33 (vertical direction in FIG. 4).
- the normal X direction, the width direction OW, and the height direction OH of the end face 33 are orthogonal to each other.
- the width of the end face 33 in the width direction OW is referred to as a width L.
- a distance from the center line Z of the end face 33 in the height direction OH is referred to as a distance D.
- the center line Z is a straight line passing through the center point 33g of the end face 33 and parallel to the width direction OW.
- the center point 33g is a point located in the middle of the end face 33 in the width direction OW and the height direction OH.
- the end surface 33 has a curved shape so that the width L of the end surface 33 is widened at the outer peripheral portion 33 oc between the upper end side ESu and the lower end side ESb.
- the end surface 33 has a shape symmetrical with respect to a straight line PO passing through the center point 33g of the end surface 33 and parallel to the height direction OH.
- a portion having the maximum width L is referred to as a maximum width portion PX.
- the end face 33 is positioned 12% to 88%, more preferably 25% to 75% on the upper edge ESu side from the center line Z in the direction from the lower edge ESb side to the upper edge ESu side.
- the maximum width portion PX is formed only in Further, the end face 33 has a shape in which the width L decreases from the maximum width portion PX toward the lower end side ESb side and the upper end side ESu side.
- the width of the maximum width portion PX is the width Lmax
- the length A1 of the upper side edge ESu is the lower side edge. It is longer than the length A2 of ESb and shorter than the width Lmax of the maximum width portion PX (A2 ⁇ A1 ⁇ Lmax).
- the width Lmax of the maximum width portion PX is configured to be 1.65 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less (1.65 mm ⁇ Lmax ⁇ 2.2 mm).
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating the results of an ignitability evaluation test regarding the position of the maximum width portion PX.
- 18 types of spark plugs having different cross-sectional shapes of the ground electrode 30 were mounted on a 1600 cc, 4-cylinder, DOHC gasoline engine, and evaluation was performed by the lean limit method.
- the length A1 of the upper side edge ESu and the length A2 of the lower side edge ESb are the following four types.
- D1 ⁇ 0.6 mm, ⁇ 0.3 mm, ⁇ 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.7 mm.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the results of an ignitability evaluation test regarding the width Lmax of the maximum width portion PX.
- 12 kinds of spark plugs having different widths Lmax of the maximum width portion PX were mounted on a 1600 cc, 4-cylinder, DOHC type gasoline engine and evaluated by the lean limit method.
- the length A1 of the upper side edge ESu and the lower side edge ESb.
- the distance D1 from the center line Z in the height direction OH of the maximum width portion PX are the following two types.
- the ignition limit A / F of the first group is higher than the ignition limit A / F of the second group. From this, it can be seen that when the width Lmax of the maximum width portion PX is in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.2 mm, the ignition limit A / F is significantly improved as compared to the rectangular spark plug. It can also be seen that when the width Lmax of the maximum width portion PX is in the range of 1.8 mm to 2.2 mm, the ignition limit A / F is significantly improved as compared with the quadrangular spark plug.
- the flow of the air-fuel mixture in particular, the flow of the air-fuel mixture flowing in the direction from the proximal end portion 32 of the ground electrode 30 toward the distal end portion 22 of the center electrode 20 (from left to right in FIG. 2). Since rectification can be performed, the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved.
- the spark plug of the present embodiment since the length of the ground electrode 30 is shortened, the high temperature of the tip 31 of the ground electrode 30 can be suppressed even under a high pressure environment.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100a according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7A corresponds to FIG. 2A of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7B corresponds to FIG. 3 of the first embodiment.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that an outer electrode tip 80 is attached to the tip 31 of the ground electrode 30.
- the outer electrode chip 80 has a columnar outer shape having a substantially rectangular cross section. A part of the outer electrode tip 80 is embedded in the distal end portion 31 of the ground electrode 30 by resistance welding. As a result, the outer electrode tip 80 has a normal line direction from the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30 in the normal X direction (FIG. a) Projects in the right direction). In addition, the outer electrode tip 80 has the side surface 85 facing the front end 22 side (the lower side in FIG. 7A) of the center electrode 20, and the front end 22 of the center electrode 20 from the inner side 34 of the ground electrode 30. Protrudes to the side.
- the outer electrode tip 80 is made of a noble metal having a high melting point, like the center electrode tip 70.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating the results of an ignitability evaluation test relating to the mounting position of the outer electrode tip 80.
- the length A1 and the length A2 of the lower side edge ESb are the following two types.
- the configurations of the five samples # 1 to # 5 included in the first group and the five samples # 6 to # 10 included in the second group are as follows.
- Sample # 1 Sample # 6: Spark plug not provided with the outer electrode tip 80
- Sample # 2 Sample # 7: The outer electrode tip 80 is embedded in the tip 31 of the ground electrode 30, Spark plug that does not protrude in the normal X direction nor in the distal end portion 22 side of the center electrode 20
- Sample # 3 Sample # 8: The outer electrode tip 80 protrudes only toward the distal end portion 22 side of the central electrode 20, and Spark plugs that do not protrude in the direction of the line X
- Sample # 4 Sample # 9: Spark plugs in which the outer electrode tip 80 protrudes only in the normal X direction and does not protrude toward the tip portion 22 side of the center electrode 20 5) Sample # 5, Sample # 10: Spark plug in which the outer electrode tip 80 protrudes in the normal X direction and also on the tip 22 side of the center electrode 20
- the diameter ⁇ of the center electrode tip 70 of Samples # 1 to # 10 is 0.55 mm.
- the outer electrode tips 80 of samples # 2 to 5 and 7 to 10 have a square cross section with a side of 0.7 mm.
- the side surface 85 of the outer electrode tip 80 of the samples # 3, 5, 8, and 10 protrudes 0.3 mm from the inner side surface 34 of the ground electrode 30 toward the distal end portion 22 side of the center electrode 20.
- End face 83 of outer electrode tip 80 of samples # 4, 5, 9, 10 protrudes from end face 33 of ground electrode 30 in the normal X direction by 0.65 mm.
- the outer electrode tip 80 protrudes from the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 in the normal X direction with respect to the spark plug 100, and the center electrode 20 extends from the inner side surface 34 of the ground electrode 30. It has been found that the ignitability of the ground electrode is particularly improved when mounted so as to protrude toward the tip portion 22 side.
- the reason why the ignitability of the ground electrode is further improved when the outer electrode tip 80 is attached to the spark plug 100 so as to protrude from the ground electrode 30 is that the air-fuel mixture rectified by the shape of the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30 is It is presumed that this is because it is guided to the ignition point along the outer electrode tip 80. Further, when comparing the results of the evaluation tests of the first group and the second group, the spark plug 100 (FIG. 2) described in the first example has the outer electrode tip 80 connected to the ground electrode 30 rather than the rectangular spark plug. It was found that there was a large improvement in the ignitability of the ground electrode when mounted so as to protrude from the surface.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100b according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9A corresponds to FIG. 2A of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9B corresponds to FIG. 3 of the first embodiment.
- the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the shape of the ground electrode 30 is different and that the outer electrode tip 80 is attached to the tip 31 of the ground electrode 30 as in the second embodiment. is there.
- the shape of the outer electrode tip 80 and the mounting position on the ground electrode 30 are the same as those in the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the ground electrode 30b of the third embodiment is similar to the ground electrode 30 of the first embodiment in that the normal X direction of the end face 33 is perpendicular to the axis O direction (vertical direction in FIG. 9). Curved toward the tip 22 side.
- the ground electrode 30b is formed in the axis O direction such that the position of the tip 31 of the ground electrode 30 is closer to the tip surface 57 of the metal shell 50 than the ground electrode 30 of the first embodiment.
- the ground electrode 30b is arranged such that the position Hou of the side surface 85 of the outer electrode tip 80 is closer to the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 than the position Hce of the end surface 70f of the center electrode tip 70 in the axis O direction. Is formed.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug according to the first modification.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug according to the second modification. 10 and 11 respectively correspond to FIG. 3 of the first embodiment.
- the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 has an outer peripheral portion 33 oc between the upper end side ESu and the lower end side ESb so that the width L of the end surface 33 is widened.
- the outer peripheral portion 33 oc between the upper side edge ESu and the lower side edge ESb does not necessarily have to be formed only by a curved line.
- the end surface 33c of the ground electrode 30c is formed between the outer peripheral portion 33oc between the maximum width portion PX and the upper end side ESu, or between the maximum width portion PX and the lower end side ESb.
- the outer peripheral portion 33 oc may be formed in a straight line. Even in the configuration of the spark plug 100c, since the flow of the air-fuel mixture can be rectified, the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved.
- the end surface 33d of the ground electrode 30d may have a polygonal shape in which a plurality of corners Ap are formed on the outer peripheral portion 33oc. Even with the configuration of the spark plug 100d, the flow of the air-fuel mixture can be rectified, so that the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug according to the third modification.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug according to the fourth modification. 12 and 13 respectively correspond to FIG. 3 of the first embodiment.
- the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 is formed as a line of intersection between the upper side edge ESu formed as a line of intersection with the outer side surface 35 and the inner side surface 34.
- the ground electrode 30 is not necessarily provided with the inner side surface 34 and the outer side surface 35, and the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 is not necessarily provided with the upper end edge ESb.
- the side ESu and the lower end side ESb may not be provided.
- the end surface 33e of the ground electrode 30e may be provided with the inner corner portion Aeb without the lower end side ESbe. Even in the configuration of the spark plug 100e, the flow of the air-fuel mixture can be rectified, so that the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved.
- the end surface 33f of the ground electrode 30f may be provided with the inner corner portion Aeb and the outer corner portion Aeu without the lower end side ESbe and the upper end side ESu. . Even in the configuration of the spark plug 100f, the flow of the air-fuel mixture can be rectified, so that the ignitability of the ground electrode can be improved.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the distal end portion 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug in the fifth modification.
- FIG. 14 corresponds to FIG. 2A of the first embodiment.
- the ground electrode 30 has been described on the assumption that the normal line X direction of the end face 33 is orthogonal to the axis O direction. As shown, the normal line X direction of the end face 33 does not necessarily have to be orthogonal to the axis O direction. Even in the configuration of the spark plug 100g, if the end face 33 of the ground electrode 30g has a shape as shown in FIG. 4, the flow of the air-fuel mixture can be rectified. Can be improved.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the distal end portion 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug according to the sixth modification.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B correspond to FIGS. 2A and 2B of the first embodiment.
- the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 is configured to include the center electrode tip 70 at the distal end portion 22, and the end point ci and the end point co shown in FIG.
- the tip 22 itself formed by the electrode base material 21 without the center electrode tip 70 at the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 as in the spark plug 100h shown in FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b).
- the position of the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30h may be set with a part of the end point ci and the end point co as a part.
- Modification 7 The first to third embodiments and the first to sixth modifications described above may be realized by arbitrarily combining each of them.
- the spark plug 100 b (FIG. 9) according to the third embodiment can be realized even if the outer electrode tip 80 is not provided at the distal end portion 31 of the ground electrode 30.
- the normal X direction of the end surface 33 of the ground electrode 30 is not orthogonal to the axis O direction, unlike the spark plug 100g (FIG. 14) of the fifth modification. It can also be realized as a configuration.
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Abstract
Description
軸方向に延びる中心電極と、
前記中心電極の外周に設けられる筒状の絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の外周に設けられる筒状の主体金具と、
一端が前記主体金具に接合され、前記一端から他端にかけて湾曲した接地電極とを有し、
前記中心電極の軸方向から見たときに、前記他端の端面が前記一端と前記中心電極との間、または、前記中心電極上に位置するスパークプラグであって、
前記端面は、
前記接地電極の内側面から外側面に向かう方向において、前記端面の中心位置から12%~88%外側面側の位置にのみ前記中心電極の軸方向と直交する方向の幅が最大となる最大幅部を有し、
前記最大幅部から前記接地電極の内側面および外側面のそれぞれに向かうほど、前記中心電極の軸方向と直交する方向の幅が減少する、スパークプラグ。
適用例1に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記端面は、前記接地電極の内側面から外側面に向かう方向において、前記端面の中心位置から25%~75%外側面側の位置にのみ前記最大幅部を有する、スパークプラグ。
適用例1または適用例2に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記端面は、外周部に前記中心電極の軸方向と直交する方向に沿って直線状に延びる第1の端辺と第2の端辺とを備え、
前記第1の端辺は、前記端面と前記外側面との交線として形成され、前記第2の端辺は、前記端面と前記内側面との交線として形成され、
前記第1の端辺の長さA1は、前記第2の端辺の長さA2よりも長く、前記最大幅部の幅よりも短い、スパークプラグ。
適用例3に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記端面は、前記第1の端辺と前記第2の端辺との間の外周部が湾曲形状を有している、スパークプラグ。
適用例1ないし適用例4のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記最大幅部の幅は、1.5mm以上であり2.2mm以下である、スパークプラグ。
適用例1ないし適用例5のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記接地電極は、貴金属チップが前記端面から突出するように取り付けられている、スパークプラグ。
図1は、第1実施例に係るスパークプラグ100の部分断面図である。図1において、スパークプラグ100の軸線O方向を図面における上下方向とし、下側をスパークプラグ100の先端側、上側を後端側として示している。
(1)位置Pf:接地電極30の端面33の位置
(2)位置Peb:接地電極30の基端部32の中心電極20側の端辺ebの位置
(3)位置Pci:中心電極チップ70のうち、接地電極30に最も近い端点ciの位置
(4)位置Pco:中心電極チップ70のうち、接地電極30に最も遠い端点coの位置
このとき、接地電極30は、端面33の位置Pfが、接地電極30の位置Pebと、中心電極チップ70の位置Pciとの間となるように形成されている。また、接地電極30は、中心電極チップ70の位置Pciと位置Pcoとの間となるように形成されていてもよい。
(2)第2グループ:A1=1.3mm、A2=1.3mm
(3)第3グループ:A1=1.65mm、A2=1.3mm
(4)第4グループ:A1=1.3mm、A2=1.65mm
第3グループと第4グループでは、最大幅部PXの高さ方向OHにおける中心線Zからの距離D1を、D1=0mm、0.2mm、0.6mm、0.8mmの4通りとした。第2グループでは、この4つに加えて、D1=-0.6mm、-0.3mm、-0.2mm、0.1mm、0.3mm、0.7mmを含む10通りとした。
(1)第1グループ:A1=1.65mm、A2=1.3mm、D1=0.2mm
(2)第2グループ:A1=A2=Lmax、D1=0~0.8mm(四角形状)
各グループにおいて、最大幅部PXの幅Lmaxは、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2.0mm、2.2mm、2.4mmの6通りとした。
図7は、第2実施例に係るスパークプラグ100aの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図7(a)は、第1実施例の図2(a)と対応している。図7(b)は、第1実施例の図3と対応している。第2実施例が第1実施例と異なる点は、接地電極30の先端部31に外側電極チップ80が取り付けられている点である。
(2)第2グループ:A1=A2=Lmax(四角形状)
第1グループに含まれる5通りのサンプル♯1~♯5と、第2グループに含まれる5通りのサンプル♯6~♯10の構成は以下の通りである。
(1)サンプル♯1、サンプル♯6:外側電極チップ80を備えていないスパークプラグ
(2)サンプル♯2、サンプル♯7:外側電極チップ80が接地電極30の先端部31に埋め込まれていて、法線X方向にも中心電極20の先端部22側にも突出してないスパークプラグ
(3)サンプル♯3、サンプル♯8:外側電極チップ80が中心電極20の先端部22側にのみ突出し、法線X方向には突出していないスパークプラグ
(4)サンプル♯4、サンプル♯9:外側電極チップ80が法線X方向にのみ突出し、中心電極20の先端部22側には突出していないスパークプラグ
(5)サンプル♯5、サンプル♯10:外側電極チップ80が法線X方向にも中心電極20の先端部22側にも突出しているスパークプラグ
また、第1グループと第2グループの評価試験の結果を比較すると、第1実施例で説明したスパークプラグ100(図2)は、四角形状のスパークプラグよりも、外側電極チップ80を接地電極30から突出するように取り付けたときの接地電極の着火性の向上幅が大きいことがわかった。
図9は、第3実施例に係るスパークプラグ100bの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図9(a)は、第1実施例の図2(a)と対応している。図9(b)は、第1実施例の図3と対応している。第3実施例が第1実施例と異なる点は、接地電極30の形状が異なる点と、第2実施例と同様に接地電極30の先端部31に外側電極チップ80が取り付けられている点である。外側電極チップ80の形状および接地電極30における取り付け位置については、第2実施例と同様のため説明を省略する。
なお、この発明は上記の実施例や実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能であり、例えば次のような変形も可能である。
図10は、変形例1におけるスパークプラグの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図11は、変形例2におけるスパークプラグの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図10、図11は、それぞれ第1実施例の図3と対応している。第1~3実施例では、図4に示すように、接地電極30の端面33は、上側端辺ESuと下側端辺ESbとの間の外周部33ocにおいて、端面33の幅Lが広がるように湾曲した形状を有しているものとして説明したが、上側端辺ESuと下側端辺ESbとの間の外周部33ocは、必ずしも曲線のみによって構成されていなくてもよい。例えば、図10に示すスパークプラグ100cように、接地電極30cの端面33cは、最大幅部PXと上側端辺ESuとの間の外周部33ocや、最大幅部PXと下側端辺ESbとの間の外周部33ocが直線状に形成されていてもよい。このスパークプラグ100cの構成であっても、混合気の流れを整流させることができるので、接地電極の着火性を向上させることができる。
図12は、変形例3におけるスパークプラグの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図13は、変形例4におけるスパークプラグの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図12、図13は、それぞれ第1実施例の図3と対応している。第1~3実施例では、図3に示すように、接地電極30の端面33は、外側面35との交線として形成される上側端辺ESuと、内側面34との交線として形成される下側端辺ESbとを備えているものとして説明したが、接地電極30は、必ずしも内側面34や外側面35を備えていなくてもよく、また、接地電極30の端面33は、上側端辺ESuや下側端辺ESbを備えていなくてもよい。例えば、図12に示すスパークプラグ100eように、接地電極30eの端面33eは、下側端辺ESbeを備えずに内側角部Aebが形成されていてもよい。こスパークプラグ100eの構成であっても、混合気の流れを整流させることができるので、接地電極の着火性を向上させることができる。
図14は、変形例5におけるスパークプラグの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図14は、第1実施例の図2(a)と対応している。第1~3実施例では、図2(a)に示すように、接地電極30は、端面33の法線X方向が軸線O方向と直交するものとして説明したが、接地電極30は、図14に示すように、必ずしも端面33の法線X方向が軸線O方向と直交していなくてもよい。このスパークプラグ100gの構成であっても、接地電極30gの端面33が、図4に示すような形状を備えていれば、混合気の流れを整流させることができるので、接地電極の着火性を向上させることができる。
図15は、変形例6におけるスパークプラグの中心電極20の先端部22付近の拡大図である。図15(a)(b)は、第1実施例の図2(a)(b)と対応している。第1~3実施例では、スパークプラグ100の中心電極20は、先端部22に中心電極チップ70を備える構成とし、図2(b)に示した端点ciと端点coは、中心電極チップ70の一部分として説明したが、図15(a)(b)に示すスパークプラグ100hように、中心電極20の先端部22に中心電極チップ70を備えず、電極母材21により形成された先端部22自体の一部分を端点ciと端点coとして接地電極30hの端面33の位置を設定してもよい。
上述した第1~第3実施例、および、変形例1~6は、それぞれを任意に組み合わせて実現してもよい。例えば、第3実施例のスパークプラグ100b(図9)は、接地電極30の先端部31に外側電極チップ80を備えていない構成であっても実現することができる。また、変形例3のスパークプラグ100e(図12)は、変形例5のスパークプラグ100g(図14)のように、接地電極30の端面33の法線X方向が軸線O方向と直交していない構成としても実現することができる。
4…シール体
5…ガスケット
6…リング部材
8…板パッキン
9…タルク
10…絶縁碍子
12…軸孔
13…脚長部
15…段部
17…先端側胴部
18…後端側胴部
19…鍔部
20…中心電極
21…電極母材
25…芯材
30…接地電極
31…先端部
32…基端部
33…端面
34…内側面
35…外側面
40…端子金具
50…主体金具
51…工具係合部
52…取付ねじ部
53…加締部
54…シール部
55…座面
56…段部
57…先端面
58…座屈部
59…ねじ首
70…中心電極チップ
80…外側電極チップ
100…スパークプラグ
200…エンジンヘッド
201…取付ねじ孔
205…開口周縁部
Claims (6)
- 軸方向に延びる中心電極と、
前記中心電極の外周に設けられる筒状の絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の外周に設けられる筒状の主体金具と、
一端が前記主体金具に接合され、前記一端から他端にかけて湾曲した接地電極とを有し、
前記中心電極の軸方向から見たときに、前記他端の端面が前記一端と前記中心電極との間、または、前記中心電極上に位置するスパークプラグであって、
前記端面は、
前記接地電極の内側面から外側面に向かう方向において、前記端面の中心位置から12%~88%外側面側の位置にのみ前記中心電極の軸方向と直交する方向の幅が最大となる最大幅部を有し、
前記最大幅部から前記接地電極の内側面および外側面のそれぞれに向かうほど、前記中心電極の軸方向と直交する方向の幅が減少する、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記端面は、前記接地電極の内側面から外側面に向かう方向において、前記端面の中心位置から25%~75%外側面側の位置にのみ前記最大幅部を有する、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記端面は、外周部に前記中心電極の軸方向と直交する方向に沿って直線状に延びる第1の端辺と第2の端辺とを備え、
前記第1の端辺は、前記端面と前記外側面との交線として形成され、前記第2の端辺は、前記端面と前記内側面との交線として形成され、
前記第1の端辺の長さA1は、前記第2の端辺の長さA2よりも長く、前記最大幅部の幅よりも短い、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項3に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記端面は、前記第1の端辺と前記第2の端辺との間の外周部が湾曲形状を有している、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記最大幅部の幅は、1.5mm以上であり2.2mm以下である、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグにおいて、
前記接地電極は、貴金属チップが前記端面から突出するように取り付けられている、スパークプラグ。
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