WO2012020647A1 - 電極活物質およびそれを備えた非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
電極活物質およびそれを備えた非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012020647A1 WO2012020647A1 PCT/JP2011/067203 JP2011067203W WO2012020647A1 WO 2012020647 A1 WO2012020647 A1 WO 2012020647A1 JP 2011067203 W JP2011067203 W JP 2011067203W WO 2012020647 A1 WO2012020647 A1 WO 2012020647A1
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- active material
- electrode active
- composite oxide
- cobalt composite
- lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/76—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to an electrode active material and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same, and more specifically, lithium nickel manganese having a hexagonal layered rock salt crystal structure belonging to space group R3m
- the present invention relates to an electrode active material containing a cobalt composite oxide and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same.
- secondary batteries with high energy density and long life are expected as cordless power sources for these electronic devices.
- secondary batteries have been developed that use an alkali metal ion such as lithium ion as a charge carrier and use an electrochemical reaction associated with charge exchange.
- lithium ion secondary batteries having a large energy density are widely used.
- a cobalt composite oxide such as lithium cobaltate having a layered rock salt type crystal structure is used as an electrode material (mainly as a positive electrode active material).
- the cobalt composite oxide has a safety problem and is expensive.
- nickel composite oxides such as lithium nickelate having the same structure as cobalt composite oxides are safer and less expensive than cobalt composite oxides, but are difficult to synthesize and pay attention during storage. There is a need.
- the crystal structure of nickel composite oxide is unstable, there is a problem in safety when used as a battery electrode material.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-238165 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-31219 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 2)
- Patent Document 2 a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide is used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the example used for the positive electrode active material is disclosed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is being mounted on a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), an electric vehicle (EV), and the like, and its application is expanding.
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- EV electric vehicle
- its application is expanding.
- the environment in which lithium ion secondary batteries are used varies widely, and maintaining the performance of the battery in a high temperature environment or a low temperature environment has become one of the important issues.
- JP 2003-238165 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-3219
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrode active material capable of improving rate characteristics in a low temperature environment and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same.
- the electrode active material of the present invention contains tungsten, and the molar ratio of the tungsten content to the total content of nickel, manganese and cobalt is preferably 0.005 or more and 0.03 or less.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes an electrode containing the above electrode active material.
- an electrode active material capable of improving rate characteristics in a low temperature environment can be obtained.
- the factor that improves the rate characteristics in a low-temperature environment by using the electrode active material of the present invention for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not clear.
- the peak intensity ratio (A / B) is more than 0 and less than 1.0, the crystal structure of the lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide hardly changes during charge and discharge, and the crystal structure can be made difficult to break. It is considered a thing.
- the ⁇ value in the general formula within the range of 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, the Li element is not replaced with other transition metal elements (Ni, Mn, Co), and the constant site. Therefore, it is considered that an increase in resistance can be suppressed.
- the ratio (x / y) of the molar ratio (x) of the Ni element to the molar ratio (y) of the Mn element is set within the range of 0.5 ⁇ x / y ⁇ 0.9, so that the reactivity is high. It is considered that a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide having a more stable crystal structure can be synthesized by increasing the content of Mn element.
- x / y is 0.9 or more, substitution between Li and Ni occurs easily, and the internal resistance increases.
- x / y is 0.5 or less, a heterogeneous phase is easily generated, and the internal resistance increases.
- the molar ratio (z) of Co element is 0.075 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.250
- the ratio of the molar ratio (x) of Ni element to the molar ratio (y) of Mn element (x / y ) Is set to 0.50 ⁇ x / y ⁇ 0.90, the particle growth tends to be suppressed, and it is considered that the increase in the contact area with the electrolytic solution can decrease the diffusion resistance.
- rate characteristics are improved in a low-temperature environment by using an electrode active material containing a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide having the above-mentioned limited composition and characteristics for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Conceivable.
- the electrode active material of the present invention preferably contains tungsten.
- the molar ratio of the content of tungsten to the total content of nickel, manganese, and cobalt is 0.005 or more and 0.03 or less. That is, the ratio ( ⁇ / (x + y + z)) of the tungsten molar ratio ( ⁇ ) to the total molar ratio (x + y + z) of nickel, manganese, and cobalt is 0.005 ⁇ ⁇ / (x + y + z) ⁇ 0.03. It is preferable. When the value of the ratio ( ⁇ / (x + y + z)) is in the range of 0.005 or more and 0.03 or less, the rate characteristics in a low temperature environment can be further improved.
- the method for producing an electrode active material of the present invention comprises at least a mixing step of mixing a lithium-containing raw material, a nickel-containing raw material, a manganese-containing raw material, and a cobalt-containing raw material to obtain a mixture, and a firing step of firing the mixture.
- examples of the lithium-containing raw material include lithium oxides, carbonates, inorganic acid salts, organic acid salts, and chlorides. Specifically, it is preferable to use at least one selected from lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide as the lithium-containing raw material.
- nickel-containing raw material examples include nickel oxides, carbonates, inorganic acid salts, organic acid salts, and chlorides. Specifically, it is preferable to use at least one selected from metallic nickel, nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide as the nickel-containing raw material.
- manganese-containing raw material examples include manganese oxides, carbonates, inorganic acid salts, organic acid salts, and chlorides. Specifically, it is preferable to use at least one selected from manganese dioxide, trimanganese tetraoxide, and manganese carbonate as the manganese-containing raw material.
- cobalt-containing raw materials examples include cobalt oxides, carbonates, inorganic acid salts, organic acid salts, and chlorides. Specifically, it is preferable to use at least one selected from cobalt hydroxide and cobalt tetroxide as the cobalt-containing raw material.
- the mixing method and mixing conditions in the mixing step and the baking method and baking conditions in the baking step can be arbitrarily set in consideration of required characteristics, productivity, and the like of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the lithium-containing raw material and the transition metal-containing raw material are mixed and dispersed in a solvent such as water, and the obtained slurry is spray-dried and then fired.
- a positive electrode is formed.
- a positive electrode active material is mixed with a conductive agent and a binder, an organic solvent or water is added to form a negative electrode active material slurry, and this positive electrode active material slurry is applied onto the electrode current collector by an arbitrary coating method.
- the positive electrode is formed by drying.
- a negative electrode is formed.
- a negative electrode active material is mixed with a conductive agent and a binder, an organic solvent or water is added to form a negative electrode active material slurry, and this negative electrode active material slurry is applied onto the electrode current collector by an arbitrary coating method.
- the negative electrode is formed by drying.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but a carbon material such as spherical graphite or a lithium titanium composite oxide such as spinel type lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) is used. Can do. Even when a lithium-titanium composite oxide having a high reference potential is used as the negative electrode active material, the effects of the present invention described above can be obtained.
- the binder is not particularly limited, and various resins such as polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene oxide, and carboxymethylcellulose can be used.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include basic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, Nonaqueous solvents such as nitrobenzene and acetone, and protic solvents such as methanol and ethanol can be used.
- the kind of organic solvent, the compounding ratio of the organic compound and the organic solvent, the kind of additive and the amount of the additive, and the like can be arbitrarily set in consideration of the required characteristics and productivity of the secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is manufactured by laminating the positive electrode and the negative electrode obtained above through a separator, and sealing and sealing in a container in which an electrolyte is injected into the internal space.
- the electrolyte is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which is a counter electrode, and transports charge carriers between the two electrodes.
- an electrolyte one having an ionic conductivity of 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 ⁇ 1 S / cm at room temperature can be used.
- an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used.
- the electrolyte salt include LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C, Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 C, or the like can be used.
- organic solvent ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, sulfolane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc. are used. be able to.
- a solid electrolyte for electrolyte.
- the polymer compound used in the solid electrolyte include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-ethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-monofluoroethylene copolymer, fluoride Vinylidene fluoride polymers such as vinylidene-trifluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, and acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymer Polymer, acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-ethyl acrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-methyl methacryl
- electrolyte solution Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 based, Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 type, sulfide glass represented by Li 2 S-SiS 2 system oxide having a perovskite structure, NASICON structure
- An inorganic solid electrolyte such as an oxide containing
- the battery shape is not particularly limited, and can be applied to a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a sheet shape, and the like.
- the exterior method is not particularly limited, and a metal case, mold resin, aluminum laminate film, or the like may be used.
- the electrode active material of the present invention is used for the positive electrode, but it can also be applied to the negative electrode.
- the electrode active material is used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has been described, but it can also be used for a primary battery.
- Example shown below is an example and this invention is not limited to the following Example.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries using lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide will be described.
- 88 6 by weight ratio of the lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide as the positive electrode active material prepared above, a carbon material as a conductive agent, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF (Polyvinylidine DiFuoride)) as a binder. : Weighed so as to be 6, and mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture. The positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent and kneaded to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- the prepared positive electrode slurry was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a current collector so as to be 6.6 mg / cm 2 per side, dried at a temperature of 130 ° C., and then rolled with a roll press. Thus, a positive electrode sheet was produced.
- Spherical graphite as a negative electrode active material and PVDF as a binder were weighed in a weight ratio of 93: 7 and mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture.
- This negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent and kneaded to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- the prepared negative electrode slurry was applied to both sides of a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m as a current collector so as to be 3.2 mg / cm 2 per side, dried at a temperature of 140 ° C., and then 1 ton / cm.
- a negative electrode sheet was prepared by pressing at a pressure of 2 .
- a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet prepared as described above were superposed via a polyethylene porous membrane as a separator, and as an electrolyte, a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7.
- a mixture of 1 mol of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) per liter of solvent was placed in an aluminum laminate film container and sealed to prepare a laminate type battery.
- the discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated. First, it was charged to 4.2 V with a current value of 75 mA. Then, after holding at a voltage of 4.2 V for 5 hours, a portion of the aluminum laminate film container of the laminate type battery was cut to remove the gas generated inside. Thereafter, the laminated battery from which the gas was removed was sealed again, and charging / discharging was repeated three times at a current value of 75 mA and a voltage range of 2.5 to 4.2 V.
- Each current value at 1C and 10C (1C: 250 mA, 10C: 25 A) was calculated from the discharge capacity at the third time at this time, and a discharge test was performed at each current value in a low temperature environment of ⁇ 30 ° C. .
- 1.0 C is a current value at which charging or discharging ends in 1 hour
- 10 C is a current value at which charging or discharging ends in 6 minutes.
- a laminate type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, using Li 1 + 0.15 [Ni 0.425 Mn 0.475 Co 0.10 ] O 2 as the obtained lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide as the positive electrode active material.
- the discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- Li 1 + 0.15 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.45 Co 0.20 ] O 2 containing tungsten was used to produce a laminate type battery in the same manner as in Example 1. Produced. The discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- a laminate type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- Li 1 + 0.05 [Ni 0.45 Mn 0.45 Co 0.10 ] O 2 as a positive electrode active material a laminate type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- a laminate type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, using Li 1 + 0.15 [Ni 0.45 Mn 0.45 Co 0.10 ] O 2 as the obtained lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide as the positive electrode active material.
- the discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- a laminate type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, using Li 1 + 0.15 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 ] O 2 as the obtained lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide as the positive electrode active material.
- the discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- Example 1 Using the obtained lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide Li 1 + 0.15 [Ni 0.30 Mn 0.40 Co 0.30 ] O 2 as a positive electrode active material, a laminate type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The discharge characteristics under a low temperature environment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the produced laminate type battery.
- the discharge capacity at 1 C is 10 C.
- Table 1 shows the discharge capacity ratio (discharge capacity retention ratio).
- Examples 1 to 3 have a hexagonal layered rock salt type crystal structure belonging to the space group R3m, and the diffraction peak intensity ratio is 0 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 1.0. It can be seen that the electrode active material of the present invention containing a certain lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide exhibits excellent rate characteristics in a low temperature environment. In the case of a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide having a diffraction peak intensity ratio of A / B ⁇ 1.0, the crystal is easily broken and the rate characteristics in a low temperature environment are deteriorated.
- the electrode active material of the present invention includes a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide having a hexagonal layered rock salt type crystal structure belonging to the space group R3m, and has a rate characteristic in a low temperature environment of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Therefore, it is useful for the production of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- 空間群R3mに帰属する六方晶系の層状岩塩型の結晶構造を有するリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物を含む電極活物質であって、
前記リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物が、一般式Li1+α[NixMnyCoz]O2(式中、αは0.1<α<0.3、x、yおよびzはx+y+z=1、0.075<z<0.250、0.50<x/y<0.90を満たす)で表され、
前記リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物の粉末について、CuKα線を用いて測定された粉末X線回折において、2θ=44.3±1.0°付近に観測される回折ピーク強度(B)に対する、2θ=18.6±0.2°付近に観測される回折ピーク強度(A)のピーク強度比(A/B)が、0を超え1.0未満である、電極活物質。 - タングステンを含み、ニッケルとマンガンとコバルトの含有量の合計に対するタングステンの含有量のモル比率が0.005以上0.03以下である、請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の電極活物質を含む電極を備えた、非水電解質二次電池。
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JP2012528637A JP5477472B2 (ja) | 2010-08-09 | 2011-07-28 | 電極活物質およびそれを備えた非水電解質二次電池 |
CN201180038830.8A CN103069623B (zh) | 2010-08-09 | 2011-07-28 | 电极活性物质及具备该电极活性物质的非水电解质二次电池 |
US13/762,730 US8728344B2 (en) | 2010-08-09 | 2013-02-08 | Electrode active material and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having the same |
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JP5477472B2 (ja) | 2014-04-23 |
CN103069623A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
JPWO2012020647A1 (ja) | 2013-10-28 |
US8728344B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
CN103069623B (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
US20130146807A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
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