Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
  • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
  • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
  • B64D2041/005—Fuel cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
  • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
  • C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
  • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
  • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to the production of hydrogen in aircraft. More particularly, the invention relates to a fuel cell supply device for generating hydrogen for fuel cells in an aircraft, the use of a fuel cell supply device in an aircraft, an aircraft with a fuel cell supply device, and a method for generating hydrogen for fuel cells in an aircraft. Background of the invention
• Fuel cells are known as efficient technology for generating electric power. With fuel cells can be converted by means of gaseous energy carriers such as hydrogen or vaporized liquid fuels by electrochemical means directly chemical energy into electrical energy. Become
• Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells used, they can be used in addition to power generation for water generation.
• Hydrogen itself is non-toxic and evaporates quickly. It requires extreme cooling (-253 ° C) to store hydrogen in liquid cryostorages to be able to. Since hydrogen does not occur in nature as a raw material, is
• Impurities in the hydrogen affect the performance of the fuel cells.
• the required degree of purity of the process hydrogen gas is in the conventional reforming method using, for example
• Fuel cell supply technology in practice is only suitable for stationary systems.
• Hydrogen on board a mobile vehicle can be done, for example, by conventional storage such as pressure vessels or cryogenic storage.
• conventional storage such as pressure vessels or cryogenic storage.
• classical storage such as cryostorters or pressure vessels for aircraft is both for safety reasons and out
• Gas cleaning process for example, to separate carbon monoxide (CO).
• Fuels can be used.
• silanes according to WO2008 / 000241 can be used by pyrolysis with the exclusion of oxygen or air both for purifying the silicon and for supplying hydrogen for the operation of fuel cells.
• Fuel cell supply device for generating hydrogen for Fuel cells provided in an aircraft.
• a fuel cell supply device includes a reaction chamber configured to react hydrogenated polysilane or mixtures thereof with water. Furthermore, a supply device for supplying at least one reagent in the reaction chamber and a discharge device for discharging the resulting hydrogen in the reaction of the reaction chamber and for supplying this hydrogen to a fuel cell are provided.
• the hydrogenated polysilane is a non-toxic substance consisting essentially of silicon and hydrogen. In the hydrogen production of hydrogenated polysilane can with appropriate
• polysilanes in the overall context of the invention are generally compounds with the
• Hydrogenated polysilanes which are also referred to below by the abbreviation HPS, are to be understood as polysilanes in solid form under standard conditions.
• solid forms are polysilanes which are solid as a single compound or which are solid in a mixture of several polysilanes.
• These hydrogenated polysilanes or FIPS and mixtures thereof can be prepared, for example, according to DE 2006 043 929 A1, where the Si chains or the Si backbone have a number of Si atoms in the molecule of n> 10 or n> 12.
• FIPS with Si chain lengths of at least eleven silicon atoms, in other words from the undecasilane, is no longer pyrophoric and can be present, for example, as a white-yellowish, solid powder. Due to the solid form of the HPS, a simple and safe handling of the hydrogen storage material is possible. HPS can be stored well and achieve different packing densities depending on the shape of the material (powder, pellets, granules, spheres, cubes). In this way, HPS can be stored in solid form and dispersed in a liquid for transfer into the reaction chamber or mobilized with a solvent. There is also the possibility of the HPS with a corresponding
• the HPS reservoir can be transported as a permanent hydrogen carrier substantially safe to various locations or stored there and generate hydrogen after conversion into the reaction chamber as needed.
• the hydrogen produced by the reaction of the HPS with water can then be converted into electrical energy with efficient fuel cell systems. Not only is the handling and storage of the fixed HPS simple and safe.
• the reaction requires after the addition of a basic reagent, preferably alkaline reagent, only a single reaction step to generate hydrogen.
• the addition of bases can be dispensed with if the base content of the reaction vessel itself can sufficiently catalyze the reaction.
• alkalis can be soluble
• HPS is an efficient hydrogen carrier that can be transported lossless and stored relatively safely.
• HPS is more suitable as a hydrogen carrier, as based on the educt mass more hydrogen can be released.
• a supply device wherein the hydrogenated polysilane is present in a solid structure which is selected from the group consisting of powder, granules, pellets, spheres, cubes and porous pieces.
• the HPS can thus be stored in a safe and simple manner and subsequently introduced into the reaction chamber through a supply device.
• a closable opening can be used for refilling, for example, powdered HPS.
• the HPS When the HPS contacts an alkaline aqueous solution, for example, the HPS will react with water to produce hydrogen as a product. In this way, hydrogen can be generated in a single reaction step.
• heat is generated, which in turn can be used to advantage by passing the waste heat in a heat exchanger.
• the reaction when the HPS is dispersed in an alkaline aqueous solution as a powder, the reaction may be uniformly distributed in the reaction chamber when a mixing device such as a stirrer or a circulating pump is used in the reaction chamber
• Reaction chamber cause a homogeneous mixing.
• an intermediate bottom may be provided on the larger pellets or porous pieces HPS be collected.
• the supply device for supplying at least the water is at the level of the false floor or above with the aid of a
• Spray nozzle device arranged to ensure the contact of the HPS with the water.
• the hydrogen gas generated in the reaction chamber may be passed through a gas discharge device, preferably at the top of the
• Reaction chamber is arranged directly to a fuel cell or
• Fuel cell combination are conducted.
• reaction chamber is adapted to provide a basic, in particular an alkaline, medium.
• the basicity of the water which reacts with the HPS is given in the pH range between 7 and 14 and can be adjusted for example by the introduction of caustic soda NaOH or potassium hydroxide KOH.
• the bases or alkalis can act catalytically on the hydrolysis of the HPS.
• self-igniting silanes are formed.
• the reaction chamber is formed in an aqueous solution with pH values above 7 in the decomposition of the polysilanes hydrogen H 2 and silicate compounds such as water glass, such as the following simplified on the empirical conditions reaction equation exemplified for the implementation of polysilanes with the empirical formula SinH 2n in the alkaline Medium (pH> 7, more than stoichiometric amount of alkali) shows: SiH 2 + 2 NaOH + H 2 0 »Na 2 Si0 3 + 3 H 2.
• the basic or alkaline aqueous solution can on the one hand already outside the reaction chamber by admixing a base or alkali in the
• a base or alkali or caustic can be added only in the reaction chamber, for example by means of another
• the bottom of the reaction chamber for example, as a funnel with closable
• an intermediate tray with holes smaller than the diameters of the HPS pellets used can be provided to hold the HPS in the reaction chamber, while water and any substances dissolved therein can be discharged.
• silica products such as silica from the reaction chamber can be simply rinsed with aqueous, optionally alkaline solution or mechanically removed as solid sedimented reaction products.
• catalysts can also be used to accelerate the reaction.
• Transition metal oxides into consideration. They can be used alone or as mixed oxides with other transition metals. Effective active components are, for example, iron, copper or chromium oxides.
• the catalysts can be arranged as a solid structure in the reaction chamber or fed from outside as needed.
• the supply device has a waste heat utilization device, which in the
• the waste heat released in the reaction chamber during the exothermic hydrolysis of the HPS may be utilized, for example, by a heat exchanger or other heat recovery devices. It can the
• Reaction chamber to be surrounded by a jacket.
• the supply device has a water reservoir for supplying water to the supply device.
• a conveying device such as a pump, water from the
• Water reservoir are transported into the reaction chamber.
• an inlet valve can be provided on the supply device to the reaction chamber. In this way, the amount of water required in the implementation can be supplied as needed.
• an alkaline aqueous solution can be prepared by suitable addition of, for example, sodium hydroxide solution before feeding into the reaction chamber.
• Running water reservoir, the water (or the water vapor, which is then condensed) is formed as reaction water in the fuel cell.
• Oxidant Oxygen in an H + -ion-conducting fuel cell The overall reaction taking place in a hydrogen-oxygen-based fuel cell is the synthesis of water from hydrogen and oxygen:
• both electrical energy and water can be recovered, which can be dissipated by the supply device.
• the water can condense out and fed directly as a reagent in liquid form of the reaction chamber.
• the resulting in the fuel cell water can be recycled both gaseous and liquid in the reaction chamber and reused.
• this is advantageous, since less water supply is necessary and weight can be saved.
• Discharge device to a pressure vessel with an inlet valve and a drain valve for temporarily storing the generated hydrogen.
• the pressure vessel used can be a standardized container which has a secured valve device for the regulated supply and discharge of the hydrogen gas.
• the valves can be centrally controlled by a control device and are automatically in a locked position when power outages or
• the discharge device has a hydrogen measuring device which is designed to measure the quality and / or quantity, in particular flow or pressure, of the hydrogen produced.
• the Hydrogen measuring device may be arranged directly in the discharge device or in a hydrogen branch line. If the measuring device is arranged in a bypass line, the quantity and the quality of the hydrogen can be checked continuously or randomly. The amount needed for the hydrogen measurement can either be returned to the discharge device or discharged to the outside.
• a measuring device is, for example, a gas chromatograph, which can accurately detect the purity of the hydrogen and quantify the amount of hydrogen.
• a carrier gas is added and transported to a suitable separation column.
• the measured gas can be separated, with a detector at the end of the column which generates an electronic signal when a substance leaves the separation system.
• the electronic signal can then be registered as a so-called peak on a suitable device and analyzed and determine the detected gas components very accurately qualitatively and quantitatively.
• the measuring signals are transmitted to a computer system with a corresponding evaluation software. Since carrier gases such as nitrogen are used in gas chromatography, it is not provided in this measuring arrangement, the sample gas in the discharge device, which leads to the fuel cell, to be returned.
• hydrogen measuring devices such as measuring sensors or selective electrodes, which, in contrast to a gas chromatograph, the hydrogen content or other relevant for monitoring trace gases can continuously detect.
• the reaction in the reaction chamber can be regulated. Will be a strong
• the contaminated water can be removed by replacing the pressure vessel fuel gas from the system and in an empty pressure vessel pure hydrogen gas are cached.
• Discharge device a separation device for water vapor residues and / or aerosols in the hydrogen gas.
• any water vapor residues can be separated from the hydrogen gas by a separation device or drying.
• the drying can also be coupled, for example, with the aid of the heat generated in the exothermic reaction in the reaction chamber.
• entrained aerosols such as e.g. Base droplets that may be problematic for the fuel cell to be separated. For separation can
• particulate adsorption or drying agent based on inorganic oxides such as silica (silica gel), alumina or
• Aluminosilicate be used. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the
• the amount of hydrogen generated can be controlled in a controlled manner.
• the heat occurring during the reaction can be regulated by controlling the addition of water.
• reaction parameters such as reaction rate can be controlled by metering a certain amount of aqueous solution or else by adjusting the pH in different stages.
• the reaction products such as silica can then be washed out with the addition of further alkaline solution and be discharged through a suitable liquid discharge device.
• fill level sensors can control that the amount of fluid in the reaction chamber does not exceed a certain set point.
• the reaction chamber may be designed such that a basic, in particular alkaline, aqueous solution is already present and the conversion to hydrogen is controlled by addition of solid FIPS.
• conveying devices are suitable for transporting solid materials such as paddle wheels.
• the reactor itself may also be movable for mixing and be designed, for example, as a tilting reactor to a good
• the aqueous solution used for the reaction of the HPS consists either of pure water or water with additives such as bases or alkalis or suitable
• Catalysts By controlled addition of the additives can be additionally regulated the released reaction heat. If a return of the water produced in the fuel cell is provided, the amount of cached water can generally be reduced, since the wastewater produced during operation of the fuel cell can also be used for the hydrolysis of the HPS.
• the control of the storage amount of the aqueous solution or of the basic or alkaline aqueous solution can already be controlled in the water reservoir by means of the control device.
• sensors can also be arranged in the reaction chamber, which measure pH measurements, valve positions, fill level or heat generation. As a result of the measured parameters can then be the amount of water addition or in the presence of the aqueous solution, the amount of addition of the HPS or from
• Additives are controlled and controlled.
• Fuel cells used in an aircraft are Fuel cells used in an aircraft.
• HPS consisting of silicon-hydrogen compounds and a medium
• Chain length with more than ten silicon atoms possesses is no more
• Fuel cell and this hydrogen energy carrier is advantageous because the resulting in the fuel cell water can be reused in the reaction chamber. In this way, weight and costs can be saved in an aircraft.
• Fuel cell used as an emergency system in an aircraft Fuel cell used as an emergency system in an aircraft.
• the fuel cell supply device is called
• the valves are designed so that they assume the position in the event of a power failure that the function of the fuel cell supply device is maintained.
• the FIPS fuel cell supply direction may be configured to be activated only in the event of an emergency. In this way, especially in a
• an aircraft is provided with a fuel cell supply device.
• the resulting in the implementation of HPS with water silicic acid products are harmless to the environment and can be easily stored and disposed of.
• Pure hydrogen can be used in aviation for PEM fuel cells. This way, with a single
• Reaction step and coupling with a fuel cell very quickly electrical energy can be obtained. Furthermore, a portion of the heat released from the reactor can be advantageously used by, for example, a
• Heat exchanger is supplied. In this way, the heat can be recovered or used several times. If the fuel cell is also equipped with a waste heat recovery device, it is possible to use the two
• Generating hydrogen for fuel cells in an aircraft comprising the steps of: supplying at least one first or second reagent via a reaction chamber, wherein the first reagent comprises hydrogenated polysilane or mixtures thereof and the second reagent is water, reacting the first reagent with the second reagent in the reaction chamber and diverting the resulting hydrogen in the reaction to a
• Fuel cell of the aircraft Fuel cell of the aircraft.
• Reaction chamber are submitted to the solid HPS and fed to an aqueous solution.
• HPS high volume-specific energy density of the long-chain energy sources is particularly advantageous in the mobile sector in the aerospace industry.
• a high energy density means that the tank volume and thus also the tank weight can be kept low and therefore costs can be saved. In this way, more payload in particular more cargo or passengers can be transported on the plane.
• HPS can also be used as a mixture of hydrogenated polysilanes and / or a mixture thereof
• Reaction chamber with an aqueous alkaline solution can be hydrogen are released and silica products are formed.
• the solid or liquid reaction products may be continuous or discontinuous from the
• Reaction chamber are separated.
• suitable shaping such as e.g. a funnel shape of the reaction vessel serve to collect accumulated solids and separate.
• Hydrogen gas can enter the fuel cell directly or indirectly via a
• Buffer be derived.
• the method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the process water to a basic pH, reacting the hydrogenated polysilanes in the presence of metal catalysts,
• the aqueous solution in the reaction chamber is adjusted to a pH greater than 7 in order to accelerate the subsequent hydrolysis. Setting the
• Process water to a basic pH can be carried out either in the reaction chamber itself or in the water reservoir by adding, for example, sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.
• a pH of about 10 can be adjusted to accelerate the reaction sufficiently.
• the reaction can be accelerated by adding further or different catalysts.
• the catalysts may be transition metal oxides. Since heat is released in the hydrolysis reaction, it may also happen that water vapor forms, this could be separated before the discharge of hydrogen to the fuel cell, for example by drying, a suitable separator or desiccant. A separator can also be used to separate entrained base aerosols. In this way, very pure hydrogen can be made available for the fuel cell.
• the hydrogen produced can be temporarily stored in a suitable pressure vessel which has both controllable drainage and inlet valves.
• the quality and / or quantity of hydrogen produced can be controlled by interposing a hydrogen meter.
• a suitable measuring device for the measurement of hydrogen for example, is a gas chromatograph.
• hydrogen gas can be derived and then under supply of a gas chromatograph.
• Carrier gases are measured by means of a separation column.
• the evaluation then takes place via a suitable evaluation device, for example a computer, which determines the amount of hydrogen gas measured with the aid of the measured signals, in particular of the areas lying below the peaks.
• Measuring device can on the one hand check the purity and prevent impurities the addition of hydrogen gas to the fuel cell. On the other hand, it is also possible quantitative hydrogen measurements with the control of
• Reaction chamber to connect, for example, to provide the required amount of hydrogen in the fuel cell can.
• Controlling the amount of hydrogen produced can be done, for example, by adding the amount of water.
• the amount of water can be added from the outside by a pump, the water as needed in the
• Reaction chamber leads. Furthermore, the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can be taken directly from the fuel cell the reaction chamber are guided. That way the water can
• the amount of hydrogen produced by the pH adjustment or by the addition of basic, preferably alkaline, solution can be controlled.
• the addition of basic solution can take place on the one hand in the reaction chamber itself as well as in the water reservoir. Since in this reaction process in the reaction chamber only pure HPS and water or basic aqueous solution is used, arises in
• Substantially pure hydrogen gas which is particularly suitable for PEM fuel cells.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a
• FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the
• Fuel cell supply device with a supply device for Return of the water from the fuel cell and a
• Fig. 3 shows a two-dimensional schematic view of an aircraft with two embodiments of the invention.
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a method for
• Fuel cell supply according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell supply device 100 having a water reservoir 110, a reaction chamber 120 and a fuel cell 150. Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows a supply device 112 for supplying the reagent water, which can be temporarily stored in the water reservoir 110.
• reaction chamber has a discharge device 122-124, which is used to divert the hydrogen formed in the reaction in the
• Fuel cell 150 can be used.
• This discharge device also includes a valve 123 and a supply line from the valve 123 to a
• the buffer for hydrogen can be realized in a pressure vessel 140 with shutoff-safe inlet valves or drain valves 123 and 143, respectively. Further, a drying or separating device 122 may be installed in the discharge device 122, 123, 124, for example
• FIG. 1 shows a discharge device 122-124 with a
• Hydrogen branch line 125 This hydrogen discharge can be bypassed to determine the amount, pressure and / or purity of the hydrogen with a suitable measuring device 130.
• Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention 200 with a
• FIG. 2 shows schematically in the reaction chamber a supply of hydrogenated polysilane 126 in the form of spheres.
• the FIPS 126 may be supplied via an opening 127 into the reaction chamber as needed.
• the opening may be reclosable and the reservoir 170 for the FIPS 126 may be stored separately in another room.
• the UPS 126 After the UPS 126 has been fed into the reaction chamber 120, it can be collected, for example, in a collecting container made of, for example, a grid (indicated by ellipse in FIG. 1), which preferably consists of catalytically active metal oxides, where they are combined with water. If no collection containers or shelves are provided, the initially insoluble UPS can be distributed in the entire volume of the aqueous solution by means of a circulating pump (not shown).
• the further reaction gas oxygen or air is introduced via the line 152 in addition to the hydrogen, which reacts in the course of the running in the fuel cell reaction after the recovery of electrical energy to water.
• the fuel cell 150 is
• the type PEM wherein as the oxidizing agent, the oxygen or air is supplied with its oxygen content via the line 152, while the reducing agent is spatially separated by a membrane.
• Proton exchange membrane is permeable only to H + ions.
• the energy obtained or the power generation (indicated by the arrow 153) can be used immediately.
• the reaction product water, which is obtained in the fuel cell can be fed via the drain valve 151 either in condensed form or in water vapor form in the line 154 and the
• Water reservoir 110 are forwarded.
• the recovered water in the fuel cell could also directly into the
• Reaction tank 120 are performed (not shown).
• the discharge device which is arranged between the reaction chamber 120 and the pressure vessel 140 for intermediate storage for hydrogen, there is again a discharge device consisting of the parts 122-124.
• a gas chromatograph 130 is used in the branch line 125, which works in such a way that a carrier gas is added to the quantity of hydrogen to be measured and the components of the gas mixture are separated on a suitable separation column.
• the existing amounts of hydrogen or other components of the mixture can be detected and evaluated using a suitable computer system 131.
• the measured peaks may, for example, be displayed on the display device 132, the peak height and the underlying surface serving to determine the amount of hydrogen measured.
• the evaluation unit 131 is connected, on the one hand, to the gas chromatograph 130 and, on the other hand, to the control unit of the computer system 160 (connection lines not shown in FIG. 1) in order, for example, to forward measurement results via the line 163 to the central computer unit 160 with a processor (CPU).
• the computer 160 has a memory unit which can store, for example, measurement data such as flow rates, pressure or valve positions in order to be able to check the fuel cell supply device if errors occur.
• valve 123 can be closed or the valve 143, if a poor quality of the hydrogen gas is detected.
• control of the addition of water via the computer unit 160 can be made or the feed pump 111 can be adjusted depending on the water demand to To transport water or optionally also basic solution from the reservoir 110 via the supply device 112.
• further measuring devices can be arranged, which forward measurement data to the control unit (via, for example, arrow 163).
• the control unit Via the line 161 and 162, the computer unit 160 can control various valves, pumps or other devices. The connections to the possible sensors or interfaces are not shown in FIG.
• Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an aircraft, in which
• Fuel cell supply devices 100 and 200 are used.
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a method for
• the method begins with step 401.
• a reaction chamber is provided in which possibly a reagent such as the hydrogenated polysilane is provided.
• a reagent such as the hydrogenated polysilane is provided.
• this reagent is also fed to the reaction chamber.
• the first reagent HPS is reacted with the second reagent water.
• the reaction produces gaseous hydrogen. This hydrogen is in
• Step 404 of a measuring device for example measured by a gas chromatograph.
• a measuring device hydrogen measuring device
• the purity of the hydrogen gas can be checked.
• certain control parameters can be controlled in the reaction chamber.
• control of the amount of hydrogen produced by controlling the added amount of water is exemplified.
• Other controls such as changing the pH or adding
• step 406 the generated hydrogen is stored temporarily in a pressure vessel.
• Pressure vessel can also be done depending on the measured in step 404 purity of the process gas. In the case of impure hydrogen, the supply line to the fuel cell should be prevented. Finally, in method step 407, the hydrogen produced during the reaction and temporarily stored in the pressure vessel is discharged to a fuel cell, for example of the PEM type.

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-23 DE DE102010032075A patent/DE102010032075A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-07-20 JP JP2013521072A patent/JP2013533597A/ja active Pending
  • 2011-07-20 WO PCT/EP2011/062466 patent/WO2012010639A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-07-20 CN CN201180035876.4A patent/CN103270634B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2011-07-20 EP EP11741424.3A patent/EP2596541B1/de not_active Not-in-force
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