WO2011108633A1 - コーヒーホワイトナー、その製造方法及び飲料の製造方法 - Google Patents
コーヒーホワイトナー、その製造方法及び飲料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011108633A1 WO2011108633A1 PCT/JP2011/054884 JP2011054884W WO2011108633A1 WO 2011108633 A1 WO2011108633 A1 WO 2011108633A1 JP 2011054884 W JP2011054884 W JP 2011054884W WO 2011108633 A1 WO2011108633 A1 WO 2011108633A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
- A23C11/02—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
- A23C11/04—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing non-milk fats but no non-milk proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
- A23C11/02—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
- A23C11/08—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing caseinates but no other milk proteins nor milk fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L9/00—Puddings; Cream substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L9/20—Cream substitutes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01044—Protein-glutamine glutaminase (3.5.1.44)
Definitions
- the present invention is based on the priority claim of Japanese Patent Application: Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-048312 (filed on March 4, 2010), the entire description of which is incorporated herein by reference. Shall.
- the present invention relates to a liquid coffee whitener made of vegetable oil. More specifically, the present invention relates to a coffee whitener that has excellent emulsification stability during storage without using a synthetic emulsifier and has improved emulsification dispersibility when added to a high-temperature beverage such as coffee.
- Coffee whitener is a cream-like oil-in-water emulsion that is used to reduce bitterness, astringency, etc. in addition to coffee, tea, etc., or to impart a rich taste.
- edible fats and oils are used as the main raw material, and an emulsion containing an emulsifier and, if necessary, milk components, thickeners, fragrances, etc., is prepared by homogenizing with an emulsifier with excellent shearing force such as a high-pressure homogenizer .
- Most coffee whiteners are stored refrigerated, but when used, they are added to hot coffee and tea, etc., so they are stable without oil separation (oil-off) or milk protein denaturation (feathering). Quality is required.
- glycerin fatty acid esters In order to ensure stability, synthetic emulsifiers such as glycerin fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyglycerin fatty acid esters are usually used in large amounts.
- Patent Documents 1 to 11 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 are incorporated herein by reference.
- the following analysis has been made by the present invention.
- the emulsifier has a characteristic taste, bitterness and the like, and has a drawback that the excellent flavor, taste and texture of the food used are impaired.
- emulsifiers have poor solubility, and it is necessary to stir while heating at 60 to 70 ° C. in order to dissolve them uniformly.
- foods that use emulsifiers require the labeling of “emulsifiers” in Japan.
- the need for products without emulsifier labeling has increased due to the improvement of consumer health awareness.
- the development of food materials that can substitute functions is desired. For this reason, various studies on emulsifier substitution have been conducted, but the present invention is being actively promoted especially in the field of bread making, and there are few examples of coffee whiteners.
- milk proteins milk proteins
- caseins and whey proteins Various types of emulsifiers made from milk-derived proteins (milk proteins) such as caseins and whey proteins have been disclosed so far.
- milk proteins milk proteins
- an emulsifier composed of a polypeptide composed of 5 to 50 amino acids Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2 A milk protein surfactant
- Patent Document 3 An oil-in-water emulsified fat composition containing a hydrolyzate (Patent Document 3) and the like are disclosed.
- Stabilizer sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin succinic acid fatty acid ester, and emulsion stabilizer for milk beverages containing sodium caseinate as essential components
- Patent Document 5 A method (Patent Document 6) containing a casein degradation product as an emulsion stabilizer is disclosed.
- both are used in combination with a synthetic emulsifier, and no technology has been found to completely replace the function of the synthetic emulsifier in coffee whitener.
- protein deamidase is an enzyme that directly acts on an amide group in a protein and catalyzes a deamidation reaction.
- glutamine residues in the protein are converted to glutamic acid residues, resulting in carboxyl groups, which increases protein negative charge, increases electrostatic repulsion, decreases isoelectric point, increases hydration power, etc. Occur.
- various functional properties such as protein solubility, increased water dispersibility, and emulsifying power are improved (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 and Patent Documents 7 to 11).
- methods for using protein deamidase in foods are disclosed in Patent Documents 7, 9, 10, and 11.
- Patent Document 7 shows that a coffee whitener prepared using gluten deamidated by protein deamidase treatment shows a stable emulsion state, and when added to coffee, good dispersibility and solubility, palatability Is disclosed.
- this coffee whitener is manufactured using monoglyceride and polysorbate, which are synthetic emulsifiers, and is only related to a method for improving the solubility and dispersibility of gluten. There is no suggestion of production.
- casein which is a major milk protein
- casein has been known as a protein with a higher emulsifying power than before because it has a random coil structure with low regularity and an amphiphilic structure.
- Patent Document 7 discloses that deamidated casein exhibits high solubility even in the presence of a high concentration of calcium.
- Patent Document 10 discloses a method using protein deamidase in yogurt, cheese, and pudding.
- Patent Document 11 discloses milk treated with protein deamidase to starch-containing foods such as bread and sauce. There has been disclosed a method for producing a starch-containing food which, when added, has good color, gloss and texture, and is inhibited from deterioration over time after cooking. However, there have been no reports on the use of protein deamidase in the production of coffee whiteners, especially as an attempt to replace synthetic emulsifiers.
- the present invention provides a coffee whitener that is excellent not only in storage stability but also in dispersibility in beverages such as coffee without using a synthetic emulsifier, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a beverage using the same
- the purpose is to provide.
- coffee white consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion obtained by mixing and homogenizing a casein-containing milk protein deamidase treatment product such as sodium caseinate or skim milk powder and vegetable oils and fats. was found to exhibit excellent storage stability and coffee dispersibility. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- Coffee whitener that satisfies all of the following conditions (a) to (f): (A) an oil-in-water emulsion of 60 to 90% by weight of an aqueous phase and 10 to 40% by weight of an oil phase; (B) the aqueous phase is a casein-containing milk protein solution having a casein-containing milk protein content of 0.05 to 5% by weight; (C) the milk protein is treated with a protein deamidase; (D) the degree of deamidation treatment is a deamidation rate of 70% or more; (E) the oil phase is vegetable oil; and (f) does not contain a synthetic emulsifier as an active ingredient. (2) The coffee whitener according to (1), which has a pH of 6.7 to 7.8.
- a method for producing a coffee whitener without using a synthetic emulsifier comprising the following steps (A) to (C): (A) preparing a casein-containing milk protein solution having a casein-containing milk protein content of 0.05 to 5% by weight; (B) adding a protein deamidase to the casein-containing milk protein solution and preparing a deamidated milk protein solution having a deamidation rate of 70% or more; and (C) the deamidated milk protein solution A step of preparing an oil-in-water emulsion by mixing and homogenizing 60 to 90 parts by weight of an aqueous phase comprising 10 to 40 parts by weight of an oily phase comprising vegetable oil.
- step (A) The production method according to (5), wherein the solution in step (A) is a solution containing 0.05 to 5% by weight of sodium caseinate or a solution containing 0.1 to 15% by weight of skim milk powder.
- step (B) The production method according to (5) or (6), wherein the amount of protein deamidase added in step (B) is 0.1 to 100 units per gram of milk protein.
- step (B) The production method according to any one of (5) to (7), wherein the protein deamidase in step (B) is an enzyme derived from the genus Chrysobacterium.
- a method for producing a coffee whitener using no synthetic emulsifier comprising the following steps (D) to (F): (D) a step of adding a protein deamidase to a casein-containing milk protein to prepare a deamidated milk protein having a deamidation rate of 70% or more; (E) preparing a deamidated milk protein solution having a deamidated milk protein content of 0.05 to 5% by weight; and (F) 60 to 90 parts by weight of an aqueous phase comprising the deamidated milk protein solution And a step of mixing and homogenizing 10 to 40 parts by weight of an oil phase comprising vegetable oil and fat to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion.
- step (10) The production method according to (9), wherein the amount of protein deamidase added in step (D) is 0.1 to 100 units per gram of milk protein.
- step (1) The production method according to (9) or (10), wherein the protein deamidase in the step (D) is an enzyme derived from the genus Criseobacterium.
- step (D) A method for producing a beverage using the coffee whitener produced by the method according to any one of (5) to (11).
- a coffee whitener having excellent storage stability and dispersibility can be obtained without using a synthetic emulsifier.
- the coffee whitener containing the specific oil-in-water emulsion of the present invention is added to beverages such as coffee and tea as a substitute for milk and cream, and usually contains appropriate amounts of water, vegetable oils and milk.
- Vegetable oils and fats used in the oil phase are those commonly used in foods, for example, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, hardened or fractionated Things. These are used in appropriate combinations as necessary.
- liquid fats at room temperature, particularly around 20 to 30 ° C. are advantageous because they have the advantage of not causing oil-off (fat separation) of the coffee whitener.
- the aqueous phase of the coffee whitener of the present invention includes a deamidated milk protein solution having a deamidation rate of 70% or more and 100% or less obtained by deamidation of milk protein containing casein with protein deamidase.
- a deamidated milk protein solution having a deamidation rate of 70% or more and 100% or less obtained by deamidation of milk protein containing casein with protein deamidase.
- casein, sodium caseinate, or a milk raw material containing casein such as skim milk, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, and milk are used.
- the amount of milk protein in the solution is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.15 to 3% by weight.
- skim milk powder depending on the protein content in skim milk powder, for example, in the case of 36%, the content of skim milk powder in the aqueous phase is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight, and 0.4 to 11% by weight. % Is more preferable, and 1.5 to 9% by weight is more preferable.
- the type of protein deamidase in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it directly acts on the amide group of the protein and has a deamidating action without peptide bond cleavage and protein cross-linking.
- Examples of such enzymes include chryseobacteria disclosed in JP 2000-50887 ⁇ Reference 1>, JP 2001-21850 ⁇ Reference 2>, and WO 2006/075752 ⁇ Reference 3>.
- protein deamidase derived from the genus Aum Flavobacterium or Empedobacter, commercially available protein glutaminase derived from the genus Chryseobacterium, it is not particularly limited thereto.
- an enzyme derived from the genus Chryseobacterium is selected.
- transglutaminase is allowed to act on food ingredients, protein cross-linking reaction occurs preferentially and deamidation reaction hardly occurs. Therefore, transglutaminase is not included in the protein deamidase in the present invention. Note that the contents of the above references 1 to 3 are incorporated herein by reference.
- the protein deamidase one prepared from a culture solution of a microorganism that produces protein deamidase can be used.
- known protein separation and purification methods centrifugation, UF concentration, Salting out, various chromatography using ion exchange resin, etc.
- the target enzyme can be obtained by centrifuging the culture solution to remove the cells and then combining salting out, chromatography, and the like.
- the microbial cell is crushed by pressure treatment, ultrasonic treatment, etc., and then separated and purified in the same manner as described above to obtain the target enzyme.
- the enzyme may be pulverized by a drying method such as lyophilization or reduced pressure drying, and an appropriate excipient or drying aid may be used at that time.
- the activity of protein deamidase is measured by the following method. (1) 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution containing a protein deamidase is added to 1 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 30 mM Z-Gln-Gly, and incubated at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction is stopped by adding 1 ml of 4M TCA solution. As a blank, 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution containing protein deamidase was added to 1 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 30 mM Z-Gln-Gly and 1 ml of 0.4 M TCA solution.
- One is a method in which a protein deamidase is allowed to act after a solution containing milk protein is dissolved and prepared so that the milk protein content is 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.15 to 3% by weight ( Preincubation method).
- the other is a method in which deamidated milk protein previously modified with protein deamidase is redissolved in an aqueous phase (deamidated milk protein addition method). That is, a protein deamidase is allowed to act on a solution containing milk protein to prepare a deamidated milk protein, and the solution or a dried / powdered product thereof has a deamidated protein content of 0.05 to 5% by weight again.
- the solution is preferably prepared so as to be 0.15 to 3% by weight.
- the enzyme may be appropriately deactivated by heating at 75 ° C. or higher.
- the enzyme reaction it is important to carry out the enzyme reaction so that the milk protein deamidation rate is 70% or more, and the enzyme reaction conditions (enzyme amount, reaction time, temperature, What is necessary is just to set suitably pH etc. of a reaction solution so that the deamidation rate of the milk protein in a milk raw material liquid mixture may become an appropriate range. A higher deamidation rate is more preferable.
- the deamidation rate is less than 70%, there is a problem that a small emulsion particle size cannot be obtained and sufficient storage stability cannot be obtained. For example, when the amount of enzyme is small, the reaction time may be lengthened.
- the amount of general protein deamidase added is preferably 0.01 to 100 units per gram of milk protein (dry matter weight). 1 to 25 units are more preferred.
- the preferred reaction temperature is 5 to 80 ° C, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the pH of the preferred reaction solution is 2 to 10, more preferably 4 to 8.
- the preferred reaction time is 10 seconds to 48 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the deamidation rate in the present invention indicates how much a deamidation reaction is caused by a protein deamidase on a glutamine residue in a milk protein of a milk protein solution that is an aqueous phase.
- the state in which all the glutamine of protein in the milk raw material mixture is deamidated is defined as 100%.
- the deamidation reaction reaches saturation, so the maximum reaction amount (ammonia amount) showing a deamidation rate of 100%. Can be requested. That is, the deamidation rate is obtained from the following equation.
- Deamidation rate (%) [Ammonia amount generated when protein deamidase is reacted with milk raw material mixture] ⁇ [15 units of enzyme per gram of milk protein are added to the same milk raw material mixture at 55 ° C. Amount of ammonia generated during reaction for 1 hour] ⁇ 100
- the amount of ammonia generated by the deamidation reaction can be measured with a commercially available ammonia measurement kit.
- the enzyme reaction is stopped by adding an equal amount of 12% TCA to a milk raw material mixture (in the case of a preincubation method) or a milk protein solution (in the case of a deamidated milk protein addition method), followed by centrifugation (12
- the amount of ammonia in the supernatant obtained at 5,000 rpm, 5 ° C., 5 minutes) is measured using F-kit (Roche).
- the ammonia concentration in the supernatant is obtained from a calibration curve showing the relationship between the ammonia concentration and the amount of change in absorbance (340 nm) prepared using the ammonia standard solution attached to F-kit, and from this, the milk raw material mixture or milk protein is obtained. Determine the amount of ammonia in the solution. In addition, what is necessary is just to measure similarly after diluting suitably with water, when it remove
- the composition of the coffee whitener is characterized by 10 to 40% by weight of vegetable oil and fat as the oil phase and 60 to 90% by weight of the deamidated milk protein solution as the water phase, and no synthetic emulsifier is added. Further, salts (phosphate, citrate, etc.) and sugars may be added for the purpose of adjusting sweetness and viscosity.
- the saccharide include starch syrup, powdered potato, sucrose, maltose, sorbitol, maltitol, erythritol, trehalose, and the like, and these are blended as appropriate in combination.
- Synthetic emulsifiers not used in the coffee whitener of the present invention include monoglyceride, glycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polysorbate, polyglycerin fatty acid Examples include esters.
- the coffee whitener of the present invention can be produced by mixing 10 to 40 parts by weight of the oil phase and 60 to 90 parts by weight of the aqueous phase and homogenizing according to a conventional method. For example, while preparing an oil phase component composed of vegetable oils and fats, separately prepare an aqueous phase component composed of a deamidated milk protein solution, warm both components to an appropriate temperature, and perform preliminary mixing while mixing and stirring. After being homogenized, a coffee whitener is obtained through a normal homogenization process, sterilization process, aseptic homogenization process, cooling process, and aging process.
- the homomixer and homogenizer used for homogenization are not particularly limited to this apparatus, and any apparatus having an emulsifying performance can be used.
- beverages produced using the coffee whitener of the present invention include coffee, tea, etc., and canned products and plastic bottled products are also included.
- the three skim milk powders having different deamidation rates prepared in this manner were dissolved in water so that the milk protein content was 0.15% by weight, respectively (aqueous phase).
- aqueous phase This was mixed with corn oil (oil phase) at a blending ratio of aqueous phase 80: oil phase 20, and ultrasonic emulsification (Handy Sonic; Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) was performed at output 9 for 30 seconds.
- the particle size of the obtained oil-in-water (o / w) emulsion was measured with a particle size distribution meter (Microtrac; Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 1.
- a coffee whitener made of an oil-in-water emulsion having the composition shown in Table 2 was prepared.
- a solution containing 0.5%, 1.5%, or 3% sodium caseinate was treated with 4 U / gp of protein deamidase and 10 U / gp, and then the enzyme was inactivated by heating at 80 ° C.
- 560 parts by weight of the aqueous phase thus prepared and 140 parts by weight of corn oil (oil phase) were mixed and pre-emulsified at 55 ° C.
- the preliminary emulsification was performed using a TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at a processing condition of 5000 rpm for 5 minutes.
- homogenization was performed at 300 bar (primary pressure 60 bar, secondary pressure 240 bar) using a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by SMT).
- the average particle size of the obtained emulsion was measured, and the rest was transferred to a transparent container as a 5 ° C. and 55 ° C. storage test.
- the storage stability was evaluated from the measurement of the average particle diameter after storage for 15 days and the appearance observation.
- As a control product a product treated in the same manner except that the enzyme was not added to a solution containing 0.5%, 1.5%, 3% sodium caseinate was also prepared.
- the average particle size of the emulsions of the samples treated with protein deamidase 4 U / gp and 10 U / gp (invention products 7 to 12) in place of sodium casein are all control samples. It was smaller than the same conditions of 1-3. Further, in the products 7 to 10 of the present invention having a sodium casein content of 3% and 1.5%, the changes in the particle size of the samples stored at 5 ° C. and 55 ° C. were suppressed as compared with the control product, and the stability was improved.
- a coffee whitener made of an oil-in-water emulsion having the composition shown in Table 5 was prepared.
- the skim milk powder and PG used were those described in Example 1.
- a solution containing 1.5%, 4.5%, and 9% of skim milk powder was treated with 10 U / gp of protein deamidase, and then the enzyme was inactivated by heating at 80 ° C. (to obtain an aqueous phase).
- the aqueous phase and corn oil (oil phase) were mixed, pre-emulsified at 55 ° C., and then subjected to a high-pressure homogenizer treatment.
- the average particle size of the obtained emulsion was measured, and the rest was transferred to a transparent container as a 5 ° C.
- the average particle size of the emulsion during storage at 5 ° C. and 55 ° C. was remarkably increased as compared with that immediately after the preparation, and the aggregation and separation were remarkable.
- the inventive products 16 to 17 the average particle size of the emulsion was kept small as compared with the sample of the same condition as the control product.
- the product 16 of the present invention showed good stability with no change in the average particle size of the emulsion for 15 days at both storage temperatures of 5 ° C. and 55 ° C.
- a coffee whitener having excellent coffee dispersibility as well as storage stability can be obtained without using a synthetic emulsifier, which is extremely useful in the food field.
Abstract
Description
本発明は、日本国特許出願:特願2010-048312号(2010年3月4日出願)の優先権主張に基づくものであり、同出願の全記載内容は引用をもって本書に組み込み記載されているものとする。
本発明は、植物油脂からなる液状コーヒーホワイトナーに関する。より詳しくは、合成乳化剤を使用しなくても保存時に優れた乳化安定性が付与され、コーヒー等高温の飲料に添加した場合の乳化分散性が向上したコーヒーホワイトナーに関する。
以下の分析は、本発明によってなされたものである。
しかしながら、乳化剤には特有のエグ味、苦味などがあり、使用する食品の優れた風味、味、食感が損なわれるという欠点がある。また一般に、乳化剤は溶解性が悪く、均一に溶解させるために60~70℃に加熱しながら攪拌する必要があり作業面での課題もある。更に乳化剤を使用した食品には、日本では「乳化剤」の表示が必要となるが、近年では、消費者の健康意識の向上から、乳化剤表示のない製品へのニーズが高まってきており、乳化剤の機能を代替できる食品素材の開発が望まれている。そのために、乳化剤代替に関する種々検討が行われているが、とりわけ製パン分野において積極的に進められており、コーヒーホワイトナーではほとんど例がない。
(1)下記条件(a)~(f)を全て満たすコーヒーホワイトナー:
(a)60~90質量%の水相と10~40質量%の油相の水中油型エマルジョンであること;
(b)水相が、カゼイン含有乳タンパク質含量0.05~5重量%のカゼイン含有乳タンパク質溶液であること;
(c)該乳タンパク質がタンパク質脱アミド酵素による処理が施されていること;
(d)脱アミド処理の程度が、脱アミド化率70%以上であること;
(e)油相が植物性油脂であること;及び
(f)合成乳化剤を有効成分として含有しない。
(2)pHが6.7~7.8である(1)記載のコーヒーホワイトナー。
(3)条件(b)の溶液が、カゼインナトリウムを0.05~5重量%含有する溶液又は脱脂粉乳を0.1~15重量%含有する溶液である(1)又は(2)記載のコーヒーホワイトナー。
(4)条件(c)のタンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である(1)乃至(3)の何れかに記載のコーヒーホワイトナー。
(5)下記工程(A)~(C)を含むことを特徴とする合成乳化剤不使用のコーヒーホワイトナーの製造方法:
(A)カゼイン含有乳タンパク質含量が0.05~5重量%のカゼイン含有乳タンパク質溶液を調製する工程;
(B)該カゼイン含有乳タンパク質溶液にタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加作用させ、脱アミド化率が70%以上の脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液を調製する工程;及び
(C)該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液からなる水相60~90重量部と植物性油脂からなる油相10~40重量部とを混合、均質化し、水中油型エマルジョンを調製する工程。
(6)工程(A)の溶液が、カゼインナトリウムを0.05~5重量%含有する溶液又は脱脂粉乳を0.1~15重量%含有する溶液である(5)記載の製造方法。
(7)工程(B)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素の添加量が、乳タンパク質1g当り、0.1~100ユニットである(5)又は(6)記載の製造方法。
(8)工程(B)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である(5)乃至(7)の何れかに記載の製造方法。
(9)下記工程(D)~(F)を含むことを特徴とする合成乳化剤不使用のコーヒーホワイトナーの製造方法:
(D)カゼイン含有乳タンパク質にタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加作用させ、脱アミド化率が70%以上の脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を調製する工程;
(E)該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質含量が0.05~5重量%の脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液を調製する工程;及び
(F)該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液からなる水相60~90重量部と植物性油脂からなる油相10~40重量部とを混合、均質化し、水中油型エマルジョンを調製する工程。
(10)工程(D)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素の添加量が、乳タンパク質1g当り、0.1~100ユニットである(9)記載の製造方法。
(11)工程(D)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である(9)又は(10)記載の製造方法。
(12)(5)乃至(11)の何れかに記載の方法で製造されたコーヒーホワイトナーを用いる飲料の製造方法。
(1)30mM Z-Gln-Glyを含む0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH6.5)1mlにタンパク質脱アミド酵素を含む水溶液0.1mlを添加して、37℃、10分間インキュベートした後、0.4M TCA溶液を1ml加えて反応を停止する。ブランクとして、30mM Z-Gln-Glyを含む0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH6.5)1ml と0.4M TCA溶液を1ml加えたものに、タンパク質脱アミド酵素を含む水溶液0.1mlを添加して、37℃で10分間インキュベートしたものを調製する。
(2)(1)で得られた溶液についてアンモニアテストワコー(和光純薬)を用い、反応により生じたアンモニア量の測定を行う。アンモニア標準液(塩化アンモニウム)を用いて作成したアンモニア濃度と吸光度(630nm)の関係を表す検量線より、反応液中のアンモニア濃度を求める。
(3)タンパク質脱アミド酵素の活性は、1分間に1μmolのアンモニアを生成する酵素量を1単位とし、以下の式から算出する。
酵素活性(U/mL)=反応液中のアンモニア濃度(mg/L)×(1/17.03)×(反応液量/酵素溶液量)×(1/10)×Df
(17.03:アンモニアの分子量2.1:酵素反応系の液量0.1:酵素溶液量10:反応時間Df:酵素溶液の希釈倍数)
脱アミド化率(%)=[乳原料混合液にタンパク質脱アミド酵素を反応させた際に生じたアンモニア量]÷[同じ乳原料混合液に酵素を乳タンパク質1gあたり15ユニット添加し、55℃1時間反応させた際に生じたアンモニア量]×100
本発明の全開示(請求の範囲を含む)の枠内において、さらにその基本的技術思想に基づいて、実施形態ないし実施例の変更・調整が可能である。また、本発明の請求の範囲の枠内において種々の開示要素の多様な組み合わせ、ないし、選択が可能である。すなわち、本発明は、請求の範囲を含む全開示、技術的思想にしたがって当業者であればなし得るであろう各種変形、修正を含むことは勿論である。
Claims (12)
- 下記条件(a)~(f)を全て満たすコーヒーホワイトナー:
(a)60~90質量%の水相と10~40質量%の油相の水中油型エマルジョンであること;
(b)水相が、カゼイン含有乳タンパク質含量0.05~5重量%のカゼイン含有乳タンパク質溶液であること;
(c)該乳タンパク質がタンパク質脱アミド酵素による処理が施されていること;
(d)脱アミド処理の程度が、脱アミド化率70%以上であること;
(e)油相が植物性油脂であること;及び
(f)合成乳化剤を有効成分として含有しないこと。 - pHが6.7~7.8である請求項1記載のコーヒーホワイトナー。
- 条件(b)の溶液が、カゼインナトリウムを0.05~5重量%含有する溶液又は脱脂粉乳を0.1~15重量%含有する溶液である請求項1又は2記載のコーヒーホワイトナー。
- 条件(c)のタンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載のコーヒーホワイトナー。
- 下記工程(A)~(C)を含むことを特徴とする合成乳化剤不使用のコーヒーホワイトナーの製造方法:
(A)カゼイン含有乳タンパク質含量が0.05~5重量%のカゼイン含有乳タンパク質溶液を調製する工程;
(B)該カゼイン含有乳タンパク質溶液にタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加作用させ、脱アミド化率が70%以上の脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液を調製する工程;及び
(C)該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液からなる水相60~90重量部と植物性油脂からなる油相10~40重量部とを混合、均質化し、水中油型エマルジョンを調製する工程。 - 工程(A)の溶液が、カゼインナトリウムを0.05~5重量%含有する溶液又は脱脂粉乳を0.1~15重量%含有する溶液である請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 工程(B)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素の添加量が、乳タンパク質1g当り、0.1~100ユニットである請求項5又は6記載の製造方法。
- 工程(B)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である請求項5乃至7の何れかに記載の製造方法。
- 下記工程(D)~(F)を含むことを特徴とする合成乳化剤不使用のコーヒーホワイトナーの製造方法:
(D)カゼイン含有乳タンパク質にタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加作用させ、脱アミド化率が70%以上の脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を調製する工程;
(E)該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質含量が0.05~5重量%の脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液を調製する工程;及び
(F)該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質溶液からなる水相60~90重量部と植物性油脂からなる油相10~40重量部とを混合、均質化し、水中油型エマルジョンを調製する工程。 - 工程(D)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素の添加量が、乳タンパク質1g当り、0.1~100ユニットである請求項9記載の製造方法。
- 工程(D)におけるタンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である請求項9又は10記載の製造方法。
- 請求項5乃至11の何れかに記載の方法で製造されたコーヒーホワイトナーを用いる飲料の製造方法。
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JP2012503238A JP5719346B2 (ja) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-03-03 | コーヒーホワイトナー、その製造方法及び飲料の製造方法 |
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US20150320066A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-11-12 | Fuji Oil Company Limited | Coffee whitener using soybean emulsion composition |
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WO2014023805A1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | Nestec S.A. | Oil-in-water emulsion comprising deamidated protein |
US20150257403A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2015-09-17 | Nestec S.A. | Oil-in-water emulsion comprising deamidated protein |
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US10941390B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2021-03-09 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Protein deamidase |
WO2020171105A1 (ja) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-27 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | ナッツミルクの凝集防止 |
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KR20210129113A (ko) | 2019-02-21 | 2021-10-27 | 아마노 엔자임 가부시키가이샤 | 식물성 밀크의 응집 방지 |
KR20210129112A (ko) | 2019-02-21 | 2021-10-27 | 아마노 엔자임 가부시키가이샤 | 넛트 밀크의 응집 방지 |
JP2021058205A (ja) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-15 | メロディアン株式会社 | 飲料用白濁性付与剤 |
WO2022181672A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-01 | 高梨乳業株式会社 | 脱アミド化カゼイン及びその製造方法 |
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BR112012020886A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
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