WO2020171105A1 - ナッツミルクの凝集防止 - Google Patents
ナッツミルクの凝集防止 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020171105A1 WO2020171105A1 PCT/JP2020/006432 JP2020006432W WO2020171105A1 WO 2020171105 A1 WO2020171105 A1 WO 2020171105A1 JP 2020006432 W JP2020006432 W JP 2020006432W WO 2020171105 A1 WO2020171105 A1 WO 2020171105A1
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- Prior art keywords
- nut
- milk
- enzyme
- beverage
- protein
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Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
- A23C11/02—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
- A23C11/10—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins
- A23C11/103—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins containing only proteins from pulses, oilseeds or nuts, e.g. nut milk
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/60—Drinks from legumes, e.g. lupine drinks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/30—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, pastes, meal, powders; Products made therefrom, e.g. blocks, flakes, snacks; Liquid or semi-liquid products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/40—Fermented products; Products treated with microorganisms or enzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/78—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12N9/80—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5) acting on amide bonds in linear amides (3.5.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01044—Protein-glutamine glutaminase (3.5.1.44)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C2220/00—Biochemical treatment
- A23C2220/10—Enzymatic treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2300/00—Processes
- A23V2300/24—Heat, thermal treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to nut milk. Specifically, it relates to nut milk having improved dispersibility (hard to coagulate), its use, and the like.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-029904 filed on February 21, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference.
- soybean-derived proteins which are of plant origin, are becoming popular as an alternative raw material for food and beverage products that use animal-derived milk protein sources, such as milk. It was way.
- soybean also causes allergies as it spreads, and in recent years, the development of plant-derived protein raw materials to replace soybean has been actively pursued.
- grain-derived proteins such as peas, rice, and oats
- nut proteins such as almonds, cashew nuts, and peanuts are being commercialized as foods and beverages one after another as alternatives to soybeans. It can be said that the need and demand for diversification of plant-derived protein raw materials are high.
- Patent Document 3 a protein deamidation enzyme-treated coffee whitener has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
- the coffee whitener becomes a product containing an emulsifier, and its use is limited to those in which whiteners such as coffee and tea are used.
- the cohesive phenomenon which can be said to be unique to nut milk, reduces the value (utilization value, product value, etc.) of nut milk, which is expected to grow in demand and expand in the future. Therefore, in order to enhance the value of nut milk and promote the use or application thereof, the present invention is to create an effective means for preventing the aggregation of nut milk, and in particular, a liquid beverage (especially acidic solution) without adding an additive.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nut milk that is hard to be aggregated for use in liquid beverages and liquid foods (particularly acidic liquid foods).
- coffee whitener generally uses edible oils and fats as the main raw material, an emulsifier and, if necessary, milk.
- Ingredients, thickeners, flavors, etc. are added to the emulsion and homogenized with an emulsifier excellent in shearing force such as a high-pressure homogenizer.
- Nut milk is its raw material, composition, and preparation method. Etc. are completely different.
- Nut milk treated with a protein deamidating enzyme are one or more nuts selected from almond, cashew nut, hazelnut, pecan nut, macadamia nut, pistachio, walnut, brazil nut, peanut, coconut, chestnut, sesame and pine nut.
- [4] The nut milk according to any one of [1] to [3], which has improved dispersibility by the treatment.
- [5] The nut milk according to [4], wherein protein aggregation does not occur when mixed with a weakly acidic to weakly alkaline liquid (however, the pH of the mixed liquid is 5 or more).
- [6] The nut milk according to [5], wherein the liquid has a pH of 5 to 7.
- the protein deamidating enzyme is an enzyme derived from a microorganism of the genus Chryseobacterium.
- a method for producing nut milk having improved dispersibility which comprises treating nut milk with a protein deamidating enzyme.
- the beverage or liquid food according to [15] which is a beverage or liquid food having a pH of 5 or more.
- coffee beverage coffee whitener, tea beverage, fruit juice beverage, sports beverage, nutritional supplement beverage, soup, curry, cocoa beverage, and chocolate beverage.
- beverage or liquid food selected from the group consisting of coffee beverage, coffee whitener, tea beverage, fruit juice beverage, sports beverage, nutritional supplement beverage, soup, curry, cocoa beverage, and chocolate beverage.
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to nut milk with improved dispersibility (also called a nut protein-containing beverage).
- the nut milk of the present invention has been treated with a protein deamidating enzyme, and as a result of the treatment, its dispersibility is improved. Since the nut milk of the present invention exhibits excellent dispersibility, it is possible to use, for example, coffee or coffee without using additives (for example, emulsifiers, thickening polysaccharides (pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, etc.), salts) for improving dispersibility.
- additives for example, emulsifiers, thickening polysaccharides (pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, etc.), salts
- Nut milk represented by almond milk is a vegetable milk made from nuts as a raw material, and is generally prepared by processes such as crushing enucleated nuts, immersing/dissolving, mixing/stirring, filtering, homogenizing, and sterilizing. To be done.
- the method for preparing the nut milk used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Alternatively, nut milk provided by a raw material manufacturer or commercially available may be purchased and used in the present invention.
- the nut milk of the present invention can be obtained by treating the nut milk with a protein deamidating enzyme to improve its dispersibility.
- a protein deamidating enzyme to improve its dispersibility.
- untreated nut milk the nut milk subjected to the treatment with the protein deamidating enzyme is referred to as “untreated nut milk”.
- the nuts that are the raw material of unprocessed nut milk are not particularly limited.
- Examples of raw nuts are almonds, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, pecan nuts, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts, brazil nuts, peanuts, coconuts, chestnuts, sesame and pine nuts.
- unprocessed nut milk in which two or more types of nuts are used in combination (for example, almond and cashew nut or almond and peanut are used).
- the protein concentration in untreated nut milk is not particularly limited, but the protein concentration is, for example, 0.2% (w/v) to 10.0% (w/v), preferably 0.2% (w/v) to 8.0% (w/v ), more preferably 0.2% (w/v) to 5.0% (w/v) untreated nut milk is used.
- the protein concentration of the nut milk after the protein deamidating enzyme treatment is similarly, for example, 0.2% (w/v) to 10.0% (w/v), preferably 0.2% (w/v) to 8.0% (w/ v), more preferably 0.2% (w/v) to 5.0% (w/v).
- the protein deamidating enzyme used in the present invention has a function of directly acting on the amide group of a protein and deamidating without cleaving the peptide bond or crosslinking the protein.
- the type and origin of the enzyme are not particularly limited as long as the enzyme exhibits the action.
- Examples of protein deamidating enzymes include the genus Chryseobacterium and the genus Flavobacterium disclosed in JP 2000-50887 A, JP 2001-218590 A, WO 2006/077572, and the like.
- Protein deamidase derived from Empedobacter genus, Sphingobacterium genus, Aureobacterium genus or Myroides genus, commercially available protein glutaminase derived from Chryseobacterium genus, etc. can be mentioned.
- an enzyme derived from the genus Chryseobacterium is an enzyme derived from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum (for example, protein glutaminase "Amano" 500 manufactured by Amano Enzyme Inc.)).
- the protein deamidating enzyme one prepared from a culture solution of a microorganism producing the protein deamidating enzyme can be used.
- the microorganism used for the preparation of the protein deamidating enzyme is not particularly limited, but it is a microorganism that produces the enzyme, for example, Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Empedobacter, Sphingobacterium, Aureo. Microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacterium or the genus Myloides can be used.
- Chryseobacterium sp. No. 9670 belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium can be mentioned.
- the protein deamidating enzyme can be obtained from the culture solution or bacterial cells of the above-mentioned microorganism. That is, if it is a secretory protein, it can be recovered from the culture solution, and if it is other than that, it can be recovered from the bacterial cell.
- known protein separation and purification methods centrifugation, UF concentration, salting out, various chromatography using an ion exchange resin, etc.
- the culture medium can be centrifuged to remove the cells, and then salting out, chromatography and the like can be combined to obtain the target enzyme.
- the microbial cell When recovering the enzyme from the microbial cell, for example, the microbial cell is crushed by pressure treatment, ultrasonic treatment, etc., and then the target enzyme can be obtained by separating and purifying in the same manner as above.
- the above-described series of steps may be performed.
- the enzyme may be powdered by a drying method such as freeze-drying or vacuum drying, and in that case, an appropriate excipient and a drying aid may be used.
- the activity of protein deamidating enzyme is measured by the following method.
- 1 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 30 mM Z-Gln-Gly and 1 ml of 0.4 M TCA solution were added to 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution containing protein deamidating enzyme at 37°C.
- ammonia test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is used to measure the amount of ammonia generated by the reaction. Obtain the ammonia concentration in the reaction solution from the calibration curve that shows the relationship between the ammonia concentration and the absorbance (630 nm) prepared using the ammonia standard solution (ammonium chloride).
- the activity of protein deamidating enzyme is calculated from the following formula, with 1 unit of the amount of enzyme that produces 1 ⁇ mol of ammonia per minute.
- the treatment conditions with protein deamidating enzyme are not particularly limited as long as they are effective for improving the dispersibility of nut milk, and the reaction temperature, reaction time and enzyme addition amount (enzyme concentration) can be adjusted to set the optimum reaction conditions. Good.
- the reaction temperature may be set, for example, in the range of 2°C to 70°C, preferably in the range of 5°C to 60°C, and more preferably in the range of 15°C to 50°C. Good.
- the reaction time may be set, for example, within the range of 10 minutes to 7 days, preferably within the range of 30 minutes to 3 days, and more preferably within the range of 1 hour to 1 day.
- the amount of enzyme added is, for example, in the range of 0.01 (U/g protein) to 500 (U/g protein), preferably in the range of 0.02 (U/g protein) to 50 (U/g protein), and more preferably Should be set within the range of 0.2 (U/g protein) to 5 (U/g protein).
- U/g protein here is the number of units per substrate nut protein (g).
- the protein concentration in untreated nut milk is not particularly limited, but the protein concentration is, for example, 0.2% (w/v) to 10.0% (w/v), preferably 0.2% (w/v )-8.0% (w/v), more preferably 0.2% (w/v)-5.0% (w/v) untreated nut milk is subjected to treatment with a protein deamidating enzyme.
- indexes (a) to (c) may be followed.
- A When lowering the reaction temperature, increase the reaction time or increase the amount of enzyme added (or both).
- B When the reaction time is shortened, the reaction temperature is raised (however, the temperature does not exceed 70° C., preferably the temperature is 60° C. or lower) or the enzyme addition amount is increased (or both).
- C When the amount of enzyme added is reduced, the reaction temperature is raised (however, the temperature does not exceed 70°C, preferably 60°C or lower) or the reaction time is prolonged (or both).
- reaction time is more than 8 hours (preferably 24 hours or more), or the amount of enzyme added is 0.2 (U/g protein) or more (preferably 1 (U/g protein) ) Above), and.
- 15°C ⁇ reaction temperature ⁇ 25°C the reaction time is more than 7 hours, or the amount of enzyme added is more than 0.2 (U/g protein) (preferably 1 (U/g protein) or more), To do.
- 25°C ⁇ reaction temperature ⁇ 40°C the reaction time is more than 5 hours (preferably 7 hours or more), or the amount of enzyme added is 0.2 (U/g protein) or more (preferably 1 (U/g protein) ) Above), and.
- the reaction time is preferably 3 hours or more, or the amount of enzyme added is preferably 0.2 (U/g protein) or more.
- the reaction time is preferably 3 hours or more, or the enzyme addition amount is preferably 0.2 (U/g protein). ) That's all.
- the nut milk of the present invention has excellent dispersibility and is unlikely to cause protein aggregation.
- protein aggregation does not occur when mixed (added) with a liquid that is weakly acidic (3 ⁇ pH ⁇ 6) to weakly alkaline (8 ⁇ pH ⁇ 11) (however, the pH of the mixed solution is 5 or more) .
- the pH of the mixed liquid that does not cause protein aggregation is, for example, 5 to 10, preferably 5 to 9, and more preferably 5 to 7.
- the liquid (beverage, liquid food) with which the nut milk of the present invention is mixed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include coffee, coffee beverages, tea (black tea, green tea, oolong tea, etc.)
- a reduced extract, processed extract including those that have been reduced after being concentrated or freeze-dried, for example), tea beverages (flavor tea, milk tea, tea beverages with fruit juice, etc.), fruit juice, fruit juice beverages, sports drinks, nutritional supplement beverages (protein drinks, nursing nutritional drinks, etc.) ), soup (bouillon-based soup, stew, chowder, borscht, vegetable soup (for example, tomato soup, corn soup, potage, pumpkin soup), miso soup), curry, cocoa, chocolate drink.
- the emulsifier (glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, lecithin, saponin, etc.), thickening polysaccharide for preventing aggregation is utilized by utilizing the characteristics of excellent dispersibility and less likely to cause protein aggregation.
- the emulsifier (glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, lecithin, saponin, etc.), thickening polysaccharide for preventing aggregation is utilized by utilizing the characteristics of excellent dispersibility and less likely to cause protein aggregation. (Pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), salts (sea salt, calcium salt, phosphate, etc.) are not contained. In particular, it does not contain emulsifiers and thickening polysaccharides.
- a nut milk is provided which meets the needs of consumers for products with little or no additives. Even in the preferred embodiment, the use of the additive for other purposes (specifically
- the nut milk of the present invention can be produced by treating untreated nut milk with a protein deamidating enzyme. Therefore, the nut milk of the present invention is typically obtained by the production method including the following steps (1) and (2).
- the step (2) that is, the treatment with the protein deamidating enzyme may be performed before or after heat sterilization of the nut milk.
- the condition of the heat treatment is not particularly limited as long as it can deactivate the protein deamidating enzyme and sterilize the nut milk.
- the treatment is performed at a temperature of 70° C. to 150° C. for 1 second to 5 hours.
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to use of the nut milk of the present invention.
- the nut milk of the present invention has excellent dispersibility and is unlikely to cause protein aggregation. This property makes it suitable for use in a variety of beverages and liquid foods. That is, various beverages and various liquid foods containing the nut milk of the present invention are provided.
- the pH of the beverage or liquid food containing the nut milk of the present invention is preferably 5 or more. More specifically, the pH of the beverage or liquid food containing the nut milk of the present invention is preferably 5 to 9, more preferably 5 to 8, and still more preferably 5 to 7.5.
- beverages or liquid foods are coffee beverages, coffee whiteners (for example, black tea and other uses other than coffee are also envisaged), tea beverages (flavor tea, milk tea, juice beverages with fruit juice, etc.), fruit juice drinks, sports. Beverages, nutraceutical drinks (protein drinks, nursing nutritional drinks, etc.), various soups, curries, cocoa drinks, and chocolate drinks.
- the present invention can be applied to not only neutral drinks and liquid foods but also weakly acidic drinks and liquid foods.
- Nut milk is mixed with other ingredients, for example, during the manufacturing process of beverages or liquid foods.
- the nut milk is mixed in the final stage of the manufacturing process, i.e. after the other raw materials have been mixed and processed (form/form as product).
- sterilization treatment addition of seasonings, preservatives, perfumes, antioxidants and the like for the purpose of adjusting taste and maintaining quality may be performed.
- the present invention can be applied without changing the manufacturing process of the beverage or the liquid food.
- Lemon Tea (1) Method Pour boiling water into a commercially available tea tea pack (English breakfast, manufactured by Twining Co., Ltd.) and extract for 2-3 minutes, then remove the tea pack and prepare black tea. Lemon juice was added to this black tea to adjust the pH, and then non-enzyme-treated almond milk or enzyme-treated almond milk (protein concentration 1.5% (w/v)) was added to confirm the presence or absence of aggregation. The black tea just before the addition of almond milk was at 70°C. The enzyme-treated almond milk is the same as in 2. It was prepared by the method described in the experiment.
- Decaf (1) Method Commercially available Decaf coffee powder (Nestlé Gold, manufactured by Nestle) was poured into boiling water and well dissolved to prepare a Decaf coffee solution. Non-enzyme-treated almond milk or enzyme-treated almond milk (protein concentration 1.5% (w/v)) was added to this, and the presence or absence of aggregation was confirmed.
- the decaffeinated coffee solution just before the addition of almond milk had a temperature of 80° C. and a pH of 5.3.
- the pH of the decaf coffee solution after the addition of almond milk was 5.8.
- the enzyme-treated almond milk is the same as in 2. It was prepared by the method described in the experiment.
- Tomato Soup (1) Method To a commercially available chicken soup stock (Kunor Chicken Cube made by Unilever Co.), pour a predetermined amount of boiling water to completely dissolve the stock and prepare a chicken soup, then add commercially available tomato puree. It was After adjusting the pH of the tomato soup by increasing or decreasing the amount of puree added, non-enzyme-treated almond milk or enzyme-treated almond milk (protein concentration 1.5% (w/v)) was added to confirm the presence or absence of aggregation. The tomato soup just before the addition of almond milk was at 80°C. The enzyme-treated almond milk is the same as in 2. It was prepared by the method described in the experiment.
- Coagulation prevention effect with nut milk other than almond milk (1) Method Commercially available peanut milk (Rude, protein content 2.0%, raw materials: peanut, water) and commercial cashew nut milk (PLENISH, protein content 0.9%, Ingredients: water, cashew nuts, salt, pistachio milk (Borna food, protein content 1.0%), hazelnut milk (Plenish, protein content 0.6%), protein glutaminase "Amano" 500 (Amano Enzyme, 500U/ 1 g of nut protein was added per 1 g of nut protein and reacted at 50° C. for 5 hours (deamidation reaction).
- the amount of enzyme added is set to 1 U or higher.
- the amount of enzyme added can be reduced by increasing the reaction temperature or the reaction time or both. For example, if the reaction temperature is set to 25° C. or higher or the reaction time is set to be long, the enzyme addition amount can be set to 0.2 U or less.
- the pH of the liquid after mixing nut milk is 5 or more, it can be used for acidic liquid foods such as sour milk soup as well as beverages such as coffee and tea.
- the pH of the liquid after mixing the milk is 5 or more, milk lemon tea, which is difficult to use with milk, could be prepared, and therefore it can be applied to various beverages and liquid foods using sour fruit.
- the pH of the liquid in which the nut milk is mixed has a large effect on the agglomeration, and the higher the liquid temperature, the easier the agglomeration. -The effect changes depending on the amount of enzyme added (enzyme concentration), reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the present invention provides a nut milk excellent in dispersibility without using an additive such as an emulsifier. High dispersibility enhances the value of nut milk itself and beverages and liquid foods using nut milk. In addition, it becomes possible to provide new beverages and liquid foods that could not be realized conventionally.
- the nut milk provided by the present invention is not limited to existing uses, and is expected to be used or applied for various purposes (especially acidic drinks and acidic liquid foods).
- additives such as emulsifiers can be dispensed with is an extremely great advantage of the present invention.
- a special operation for preventing aggregation is not required, which improves convenience for consumers.
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Abstract
Description
[1]タンパク質脱アミド酵素による処理が施されたナッツミルク。
[2]原料のナッツが、アーモンド、カシューナッツ、ヘーゼルナッツ、ペカンナッツ、マカダミアナッツ、ピスタチオ、クルミ、ブラジルナッツ、ピーナッツ、ココナッツ、栗、ゴマ及び松の実から選択される一又は二以上のナッツである、[1]に記載のナッツミルク。
[3]ナッツタンパク質濃度が0.2%(w/v)~10.0%(w/v)である、[1]又は[2]に記載のナッツミルク。
[4]前記処理によって分散性が向上している、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルク。
[5]弱酸性~弱アルカリ性の液体に混合した場合(但し、混合液のpHが5以上)にタンパク凝集が生じない、[4]に記載のナッツミルク。
[6]前記液体のpHが5~7である、[5]に記載のナッツミルク。
[7]前記液体が、コーヒー、コーヒー飲料、茶、茶飲料、果汁、果汁飲料、スポーツ飲料、栄養補給飲料、スープ、カレー、ココア及びチョコレート飲料からなる群より選択される、飲料又は液体食品である、[5]に記載のナッツミルク。
[8]凝集防止のための、乳化剤及び増粘多糖類を含有しない、[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルク。
[9]タンパク質脱アミド酵素がクリセオバクテリウム属微生物由来の酵素である、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルク。
[10]クリセオバクテリウム属微生物が、クリセオバクテリウム・プロテオリティカムである、[9]に記載のナッツミルク。
[11]ナッツミルクをタンパク質脱アミド酵素で処理することを特徴とする、分散性が向上したナッツミルクの製造方法。
[12]以下のステップ(1)及び(2)を含む、[11]に記載の製造方法:
(1)ナッツミルクを用意するステップ、
(2)(1)で用意したナッツミルクをタンパク質脱アミド酵素で処理するステップ。
[13]ステップ(1)のナッツミルクが加熱殺菌前のナッツミルクである、[12]に記載の製造方法。
[14]更に以下のステップ(3)を含む、[13]に記載の製造方法:
(3)加熱処理するステップ。
[15][1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルクが配合された飲料又は液体食品。
[16]pHが5以上の飲料又は液体食品である、[15]に記載の飲料又は液体食品。
[17]コーヒー飲料、コーヒーホワイトナー、茶飲料、果汁飲料、スポーツ飲料、栄養補給飲料、スープ、カレー、ココア飲料及びチョコレート飲料からなる群より選択される飲料又は液体食品である、[15]に記載の飲料又は液体食品。
本発明の第1の局面は分散性が向上したナッツミルク(ナッツタンパク質含有飲料とも呼ばれる)に関する。本発明のナッツミルクは、タンパク質脱アミド酵素による処理が施されており、当該処理の結果、その分散性が向上している。本発明のナッツミルクは優れた分散性を示すため、分散性を高めるための添加剤(例えば、乳化剤、増粘多糖類(ペクチン、カルボキシメチルセルロース等)、塩類)を使用しなくとも、例えばコーヒーや紅茶等の飲料に添加した際に凝集し難い。この特性によって様々な飲料や食品への利用が可能になる。
(1)30mM Z-Gln-Glyを含む0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH6.5)1mlにタンパク質脱アミド酵素を含む水溶液0.1mlを添加して、37℃、10分間インキュベートした後、0.4M TCA溶液を1ml加えて反応を停止する。ブランクとして、30mM Z-Gln-Glyを含む0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH6.5)1mlと0.4M TCA溶液を1ml加えたものに、タンパク質脱アミド酵素を含む水溶液0.1mlを添加して、37℃で10分間インキュベートしたものを調製する。
(2)(1)で得られた溶液についてアンモニアテストワコー(和光純薬)を用い、反応により生じたアンモニア量の測定を行う。アンモニア標準液(塩化アンモニウム)を用いて作成したアンモニア濃度と吸光度(630nm)の関係を表す検量線より、反応液中のアンモニア濃度を求める。
(3)タンパク質脱アミド酵素の活性は、1分間に1μmolのアンモニアを生成する酵素量を1単位とし、以下の式から算出する。
酵素活性(U/mL)=反応液中のアンモニア濃度(mg/L)×(1/17.03)×(反応液量/酵素溶液量)×(1/10)×Df
(式中、反応液量は2.1、酵素溶液量は0.1、Dfは酵素溶液の希釈倍率である。また、17.03はアンモニアの分子量)
(a)反応温度を低くする場合は、反応時間を長くするか酵素添加量を多くする(或いはこの両方)。
(b)反応時間を短くする場合には、反応温度を高くする(但し、70℃を超えない温度、好ましくは60℃以下の温度とする)か酵素添加量を多くする(或いはこの両方)。
(c)酵素添加量を少なくする場合には、反応温度を高くする(但し、70℃を超えない温度、好ましくは60℃以下の温度とする)か反応時間を長くする(或いはこの両方)。
5℃≦反応温度<15℃の場合は、反応時間を8時間を超える時間(好ましくは24時間以上)、又は酵素添加量を0.2(U/gタンパク質)以上(好ましくは1(U/gタンパク質)以上)、とする。
15℃≦反応温度<25℃の場合は、反応時間を7時間を超える時間、又は酵素添加量を0.2(U/gタンパク質)を超える量(好ましくは1(U/gタンパク質)以上)、とする。
25℃≦反応温度<40℃の場合は、反応時間を5時間を超える時間(好ましくは7時間以上)、又は酵素添加量を0.2(U/gタンパク質)以上(好ましくは1(U/gタンパク質)以上)、とする。
40℃≦反応温度<50℃の場合は、反応時間を好ましくは3時間以上、又は酵素添加量を好ましくは0.2(U/gタンパク質)以上、とする。
50≦反応温度の場合(但し、70℃を超えない温度、好ましくは60℃以下の温度とする)は、反応時間を好ましくは3時間以上、又は酵素添加量を好ましくは0.2(U/gタンパク質)以上、とする。
(1)ナッツミルクを用意するステップ、
(2)(1)で用意したナッツミルクをタンパク質脱アミド酵素で処理するステップ。
本発明の第2の局面は本発明のナッツミルクの用途に関する。本発明のナッツミルクは分散性に優れ、タンパク凝集が生じにくい。この特性が故に様々な飲料や液体食品への利用に適する。即ち、本発明のナッツミルクが配合された各種飲料、各種液体食品が提供される。
市販のアーモンドミルク(Rude社製、タンパク含量1.5%、原材料:アーモンド、水)100mLにプロテイングルタミナーゼ「アマノ」500(天野エンザイム社製、500U/g)を、アーモンドミルク中のタンパク質1g当たり1U添加し、50℃で5時間反応させた(脱アミド反応)。95℃で20分間処理して酵素を熱失活させた後、5℃に冷やし、酵素処理アーモンドミルクとした。
<酵素処理無し>
(1)方法
市販のアーモンドミルク(Rude社製、タンパク含量1.5%、原材料:アーモンド、水)をタンパク濃度0.1、0.5、1.5%(w/v)となるように水道水で希釈したのち、5℃に冷やし各5mLずつを50mLの90℃に加温されたコーヒー溶液に添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。
いずれのタンパク質濃度のアーモンドミルクも凝集が認められた(図1)。
(1)方法
市販のアーモンドミルク(Rude社製、タンパク含量1.5%、原材料:アーモンド、水)にプロテイングルタミナーゼ「アマノ」500(天野エンザイム社製、500U/g)を、アーモンドミルク中のタンパク質1g当たり1U添加し、50℃で5時間反応させた(脱アミド反応)。90℃で15分間処理して酵素を熱失活させ、酵素処理アーモンドミルクとした。酵素処理アーモンドミルクをタンパク濃度0.1、0.5、0.75、1.0、1.5%(w/v)となるように水道水で希釈したのち、5℃に冷やし各5mLずつを50mLの90℃に加温されたコーヒー溶液に添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。
いずれのタンパク質濃度のアーモンドミルクも凝集が認められなかった(図1)。
(1)方法
塩酸又は水酸化ナトリウムでpH調整後、90℃に加温したお湯に15-20mLの非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルク(タンパク質濃度1.5%(w/v))を添加し、凝集を確認した。尚、酵素処理アーモンドミルクは上記2.の実験に記載した方法で調製した。
非酵素処理アーモンドミルクの場合、添加後の混合溶液がpH2.5-7.0で凝集が認められた。一方、酵素処理アーモンドミルクでは、添加後の混合溶液がpH2.7-4.8で凝集が認められた。
4-1.紅茶
(1)方法
市販の紅茶ティーパック(トワイニング社製、イングリッシュブレックファースト)に沸騰したお湯を注ぎ、2-3分抽出したのち、ティーパックを取り出し紅茶を調製した。この紅茶に非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルク(タンパク質濃度1.5%(w/v))を添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。アーモンドミルクを添加する直前の紅茶は80℃、pH5.2であった。また、アーモンドミルク添加後の紅茶のpHは5.9であった。尚、酵素処理アーモンドミルクは上記2.の実験に記載した方法で調製した。
非酵素処理アーモンドミルクの場合、少しではあるが凝集が認められた。対照的に、酵素処理アーモンドミルクでは凝集が認められなかった。
(1)方法
市販の紅茶ティーパック(トワイニング社製、イングリッシュブレックファースト)に沸騰したお湯を注ぎ、2-3分抽出したのち、ティーパックを取り出し紅茶を調製した。この紅茶にレモン果汁を加え、pHを調整したのち、非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルク(タンパク質濃度1.5%(w/v))を添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。アーモンドミルクを添加する直前の紅茶は70℃であった。尚、酵素処理アーモンドミルクは上記2.の実験に記載した方法で調製した。
アーモンドミルク添加前のpHが3.5の場合、非酵素処理アーモンドミルクと酵素処理アーモンドミルクの両者で凝集が認められた。尚、非酵素処理アーモンドミルク添加後の紅茶のpHは3.9であり、酵素処理アーモンドミルク添加後の紅茶のpHは4.1であった。
(1)方法
市販のデカフェコーヒー粉末(ネスレ社製、ネスカフェゴールド)に沸騰したお湯を注ぎ、良く溶かしデカフェコーヒー溶液を調製した。これに非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルク(タンパク質濃度1.5%(w/v))を添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。アーモンドミルクを添加する直前のデカフェコーヒー溶液は80℃、pH5.3であった。また、アーモンドミルク添加後のデカフェコーヒー溶液のpHは5.8であった。尚、酵素処理アーモンドミルクは上記2.の実験に記載した方法で調製した。
非酵素処理アーモンドミルクは凝集が認められたが、酵素処理アーモンドミルクでは凝集が認められなかった。
(1)方法
市販のチキンスープストック(ユニリーバ社製、クノールチキンキューブ)に、所定量の沸騰したお湯を注いでストックを完全に溶かし、チキンスープを調製したのち、市販のトマトピューレを加えた。ピューレの添加量を増減させトマトスープのpHを調整した後、非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルク(タンパク質濃度1.5%(w/v))を添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。アーモンドミルクを添加する直前のトマトスープは80℃であった。尚、酵素処理アーモンドミルクは上記2.の実験に記載した方法で調製した。
アーモンドミルク添加前のpHが5.0の場合、非酵素処理アーモンドミルクは凝集が認められたが、酵素処理アーモンドミルクでは凝集が認められなかった。尚、非酵素処理アーモンドミルク添加後のトマトスープのpH、酵素処理アーモンドミルク添加後のトマトスープのpHはいずれも5.4であった。
(1)方法
市販のピーナッツミルク(Rude社製、タンパク含量2.0%、原材料:ピーナッツ、水)及び市販のカシューナッツミルク(PLENISH社製、タンパク含量0.9%、原材料:水、カシューナッツ、食塩)、ピスタチオミルク(Borna food社製、タンパク含量1.0%)、ヘーゼルナッツミルク(Plenish社製、タンパク含量0.6%)にプロテイングルタミナーゼ「アマノ」500(天野エンザイム社製、500U/g)を、ナッツタンパク質1g当たり1U添加し、50℃で5時間反応させた(脱アミド反応)。酵素反応後は速やかに90℃、15分処理して酵素を失活させ、流水中で冷却後、冷蔵庫にて5℃まで冷やしたのち、各5mLずつを50mLの90℃に加温されたコーヒー溶液に添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。
ピーナッツミルク、カシューナッツミルク、ピスタチオミルク、ヘーゼルナッツミルクのいずれも酵素処理なしでは凝集が認められたが、酵素処理した場合は凝集が認められなかった。この結果は、アーモンドミルク以外のナッツミルクにも酵素処理による同様の効果が得られることを示す。
<コーヒーの温度を変動(アーモンドミルクは5℃一定)>
(1)方法
各温度に調整したコーヒー50mLに、5℃に冷却した非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルクを5mL添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。
非酵素処理アーモンドミルクではコーヒーの温度が60℃以上で凝集が認められ、温度が高くなるにつれ凝集量が増加した。一方、酵素処理アーモンドミルクでは凝集防止効果が認められた(コーヒーの温度60℃、90℃)。
(1)方法
各温度に調整したコーヒー50mLに、90℃に加温した非酵素処理アーモンドミルク又は酵素処理アーモンドミルクを5mL添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。
90℃のコーヒーに90℃の非酵素処理アーモンドミルクを添加しても凝集が認められた。また、50℃のコーヒーに90℃の非酵素処理アーモンドミルクを添加した場合も凝集が認められたが、40℃のコーヒーに90℃の非酵素処理アーモンドミルクを添加した場合には凝集が認められなかった。50℃のコーヒーに90℃の非酵素処理アーモンドミルクを添加した場合にはコーヒーの温度が一時的に高温になり、凝集が生じたと考えられる。また、混合後の温度が高い方(50℃以上)が凝集しやすくなると考えられる。
(1)方法
市販のアーモンドミルク(Rude社製、タンパク含量1.5%、原材料:アーモンド、水)にプロテイングルタミナーゼ「アマノ」を、アーモンドミルク中のタンパク質1g当たり0.2U、1U又は5U添加し、所定の温度(5℃、15℃、25℃、40℃又は50℃)で3-24時間反応させた(脱アミド反応)。酵素反応後は速やかに90℃、15分処理して酵素を失活させ、流水中で冷却後、冷蔵庫にて5℃まで冷やしたのち、各5mLずつを50mLの90℃に加温されたコーヒー溶液に添加し、凝集の有無を確認した。
酵素添加量、反応温度、反応時間に応じて効果が変わるが、これらの条件の調整によって凝集を防止できることがわかる。具体的には、反応温度が低い場合には酵素添加量を多くするか又は反応時間を長くすれば(或いはこの両者)、所望の効果が得られる。例えば、反応温度が5℃であっても、酵素添加量が1U以上、或いは長時間の反応の場合、効果的に凝集を防止できている。一方、反応時間が短い場合には反応温度を高くするか又は酵素添加量を多くすれば(或いはこの両者)、所望の効果が得られる。例えば、反応時間が3時間であっても、反応温度を40℃以上に設定した場合や酵素添加量を1U以上にした場合には凝集防止効果が得られている。また、反応温度を高くするか又は反応時間を長くすれば或いはこの両者)、酵素添加量を低減できる。例えば、反応温度を25℃以上にするか、或いは反応時間を長時間にすれば、酵素添加量を0.2U以下にできる。
・ナッツタンパク質濃度0.1~1.5%(w/v)の範囲において、濃度に関係なく同様の凝集防止効果が認められた。即ち、タンパク質脱アミド酵素による酵素処理が様々なタンパク質濃度のナッツミルクの凝集防止に有効であり、汎用性が高いことが示された。
・ナッツミルクを混合する液体の種類にもよるが、傾向としては、タンパク質脱アミド酵素による酵素処理がないとナッツミルクと混合後にpH7以下になると凝集するが、酵素処理した場合は凝集の下限をpH5まで拡大できることが分かった。ナッツミルク混合後の液体のpHが5以上であれば、コーヒー、紅茶といった飲料以外にも、酸味のあるミルクスープといった酸性液体食品にも利用できることが示された。また、ミルク混合後の液体のpHが5以上であれば、牛乳でも難しいミルクレモンティーが調製できたため、酸味を持つフルーツを用いた各種飲料や液体食品にも応用が可能である。
・基本的には、ナッツミルクを混合する液体のpHが凝集に大きく影響し、次いで液体の温度が高いほど凝集しやすくなる。
・酵素添加量(酵素濃度)、反応温度、反応時間に依存して効果が変わる。
・アーモンドミルクに限らず、ピーナッツミルクやカシュ-ナッツミルク、ピスタチオミルク、ヘーゼルナッツミルクでも同様の効果が認められた。従って、ナッツミルク全般の凝集防止に、タンパク質脱アミド酵素による酵素処理が有効であると考えられる。
Claims (17)
- タンパク質脱アミド酵素による処理が施されたナッツミルク。
- 原料のナッツが、アーモンド、カシューナッツ、ヘーゼルナッツ、ペカンナッツ、マカダミアナッツ、ピスタチオ、クルミ、ブラジルナッツ、ピーナッツ、ココナッツ、栗、ゴマ及び松の実から選択される一又は二以上のナッツである、請求項1に記載のナッツミルク。
- ナッツタンパク質濃度が0.2%(w/v)~10.0%(w/v)である、請求項1又は2に記載のナッツミルク。
- 前記処理によって分散性が向上している、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルク。
- 弱酸性~弱アルカリ性の液体に混合した場合(但し、混合液のpHが5以上)にタンパク凝集が生じない、請求項4に記載のナッツミルク。
- 前記液体のpHが5~7である、請求項5に記載のナッツミルク。
- 前記液体が、コーヒー、コーヒー飲料、茶、茶飲料、果汁、果汁飲料、スポーツ飲料、栄養補給飲料、スープ、カレー、ココア及びチョコレート飲料からなる群より選択される、飲料又は液体食品である、請求項5に記載のナッツミルク。
- 凝集防止のための、乳化剤及び増粘多糖類を含有しない、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルク。
- タンパク質脱アミド酵素がクリセオバクテリウム属微生物由来の酵素である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルク。
- クリセオバクテリウム属微生物が、クリセオバクテリウム・プロテオリティカムである、請求項9に記載のナッツミルク。
- ナッツミルクをタンパク質脱アミド酵素で処理することを特徴とする、分散性が向上したナッツミルクの製造方法。
- 以下のステップ(1)及び(2)を含む、請求項11に記載の製造方法:
(1)ナッツミルクを用意するステップ、
(2)(1)で用意したナッツミルクをタンパク質脱アミド酵素で処理するステップ。 - ステップ(1)のナッツミルクが加熱殺菌前のナッツミルクである、請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 更に以下のステップ(3)を含む、請求項13に記載の製造方法:
(3)加熱処理するステップ。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のナッツミルクが配合された飲料又は液体食品。
- pHが5以上の飲料又は液体食品である、請求項15に記載の飲料又は液体食品。
- コーヒー飲料、コーヒーホワイトナー、茶飲料、果汁飲料、スポーツ飲料、栄養補給飲料、スープ、カレー、ココア飲料及びチョコレート飲料からなる群より選択される飲料又は液体食品である、請求項15に記載の飲料又は液体食品。
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WO2022045152A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | タンパク質脱アミド酵素により処理された植物性ミルク |
WO2022059755A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-24 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 加工ココナッツミルクの製造方法 |
WO2022071418A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 加工植物性ミルクの製造方法 |
WO2022097675A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-05-12 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 分散安定性及び/又は溶解性を高めた加工植物性ミルクの製造方法 |
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WO2023190734A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 不二製油グループ本社株式会社 | 植物性蛋白質含有液状食品の製造方法 |
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MX2021010143A (es) | 2021-10-26 |
KR20210129112A (ko) | 2021-10-27 |
AU2020224481A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
JPWO2020171105A1 (ja) | 2020-08-27 |
CN113631043A (zh) | 2021-11-09 |
SG11202109030YA (en) | 2021-09-29 |
EP3928627A4 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
US20220151255A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
EP3928627A1 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
BR112021016611A2 (pt) | 2021-11-03 |
CA3130905A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
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