WO2011099071A1 - 磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法、送電装置、および受電装置 - Google Patents
磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法、送電装置、および受電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
- G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
- G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
- G06G7/18—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers for integration or differentiation; for forming integrals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resonance frequency control method, a power transmission device, and a power reception device in a magnetic field resonance type power transmission system.
- wireless power transmission in which power is transmitted wirelessly, power (energy) is transmitted and received without using a cable between two spatially separated points.
- WPS wireless power transmission
- a method using magnetic field resonance also referred to as magnetic field resonance, magnetic resonance, or magnetic field resonance mode
- Patent Document 1 Republished WO 98/34319
- An object of the present invention is to make it possible to adjust the resonance frequency of a coil at high speed and accurately in real time in a magnetic field resonance type power transmission system.
- a magnetic resonance power transmission system to which the present invention is applied will be described.
- the method using magnetic field resonance (magnetic field resonance type) can transmit higher power than the method using radio waves, and the transmission distance can be longer than that of electromagnetic induction method. There is an advantage that can be reduced.
- energy transmission can be performed with high efficiency by setting the resonance frequencies of the power transmission coil and the power reception coil to the same value and performing power transmission at frequencies in the vicinity thereof. It becomes possible.
- Patent Document 1 In order to increase the efficiency of power transmission in a magnetic field resonance type power transmission system, there is one in which a higher frequency than the frequency of the oscillation signal on the primary coil side is used as the resonance frequency on the secondary coil side (Patent Document 1). According to this, the capacitance can be reduced and the coupling coefficient between the primary coil and the secondary coil can be increased apparently.
- the resonance peak of each coil may be made sharp as possible.
- the Q value of each coil may be designed to be high.
- the resonance frequency of the coil changes due to changes in environmental factors such as temperature, changes in inductance or capacitance due to the approach of a conductor such as a person or metal, or a magnetic material. There is also a shift in the resonance frequency due to variations in manufacturing.
- a magnetic resonance power transmission system with a high Q value needs a mechanism for adjusting the resonance frequency of the coil in response to environmental fluctuations in order to make the most of its merit.
- a resonance frequency control method in a magnetic field resonance type power transmission system that transmits electric power from a power transmission system coil to a power reception system coil by using magnetic field resonance, a voltage supplied to the power transmission system coil. And the phase of the current flowing in the power transmission system coil or the power reception system coil are detected, and the resonance frequency of the power transmission system coil or the power reception system coil is varied so that the phase difference thereof becomes a target value.
- a magnetic field resonance type power transmission system that transmits power from a power transmission system coil to a power reception system coil using magnetic field resonance
- the phase of the voltage supplied to the power transmission system coil and A phase detector that detects a phase of a current flowing through the power transmission coil or the power reception coil, and resonance of the power transmission coil or the power reception coil so that a phase difference between the detected phases becomes a target value.
- a resonance frequency control unit that varies the frequency.
- a peak appears at the frequency of the AC power supply in order to suppress a decrease in power transmission efficiency.
- the resonance frequency of the power transmission coil or the power reception coil is shifted. In order to distinguish the resonance frequency control in this case from the resonance frequency control in the case where the bimodal characteristic does not appear, it may be referred to as “bimodal resonance control”.
- the resonance frequency control in the case where “bimodal resonance control” is not included may be described as “normal resonance frequency control”.
- “bimodal resonance control” is included in principle.
- the power transmission system 1 includes a power transmission system coil SC, a power reception system coil JC, an AC power supply 11, a power transmission side control unit 14, a device 21 serving as a load, and a power reception side control unit 24.
- the power transmission coil SC includes a power supply coil 12 and a power transmission resonance coil 13.
- the power supply coil 12 is formed by winding a metal wire such as a copper wire or an aluminum wire a plurality of times around a circumference, and an AC voltage (high-frequency voltage) from the AC power source 11 is applied to both ends thereof.
- the power transmission resonance coil 13 includes a coil 131 in which a metal wire such as a copper wire or an aluminum wire is wound in a circumferential shape, and a capacitor 132 connected to both ends of the coil 131 to form a resonance circuit.
- the resonance frequency f0 is expressed by the following equation (1).
- L is the inductance of the coil 131
- C is the capacitance of the capacitor 132.
- the coil 131 of the power transmission resonance coil 13 is, for example, a one-turn coil.
- various types of capacitors are used as the capacitor 132, those having as little loss as possible and having a sufficient breakdown voltage are preferable.
- a variable capacitor is used as the capacitor 132 in order to vary the resonance frequency.
- a variable capacitor for example, a variable capacitance device manufactured using MEMS technology is used.
- a variable capacitance device (varactor) using a semiconductor may be used.
- the power supply coil 12 and the power transmission resonance coil 13 are arranged so as to be electromagnetically closely coupled to each other. For example, they are arranged on the same plane and concentrically. That is, for example, the power supply coil 12 is arranged in a state of being fitted on the inner peripheral side of the power transmission resonance coil 13. Or you may arrange
- the power receiving coil JC includes a power receiving resonance coil 22 and a power extraction coil 23.
- the power receiving resonance coil 22 includes a coil 221 around which a metal wire such as a copper wire or an aluminum wire is wound, and a capacitor 222 connected to both ends of the coil 221.
- the resonance frequency f0 of the power receiving resonance coil 22 is expressed by the above equation (1) based on the inductance of the coil 221 and the capacitance of the capacitor 222.
- the coil 221 of the power receiving resonance coil 22 is, for example, a one-turn coil.
- the capacitor 222 various types of capacitors are used as described above.
- a variable capacitor is used as the capacitor 222 in order to vary the resonance frequency.
- a variable capacitor for example, a variable capacitance device manufactured using MEMS technology is used.
- a variable capacitance device (varactor) using a semiconductor may be used.
- the power take-out coil 23 is formed by winding a metal wire such as a copper wire or an aluminum wire a plurality of times circumferentially, and a device 21 as a load is connected to both ends thereof.
- the power receiving resonance coil 22 and the power extraction coil 23 are arranged so as to be electromagnetically closely coupled to each other. For example, they are arranged on the same plane and concentrically. That is, for example, the power extraction coil 23 is disposed in the inner peripheral side of the power reception resonance coil 22. Or you may arrange
- the power transmission coil SC and the power reception coil JC transmit power wirelessly by magnetic field resonance, are the coil surfaces parallel to each other and the coil axes coincide with each other as shown in FIG. Alternatively, they are arranged within an appropriate distance from each other so as not to deviate so much. For example, when the diameters of the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 are about 100 mm, they are arranged within a distance range of about several hundred mm.
- the direction along the coil axis KS is the main radiation direction of the magnetic field KK, and the direction from the power transmission system coil SC to the power reception system coil JC is the power transmission direction SH.
- the resonance frequency fs of the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the resonance frequency fj of the power reception resonance coil 22 both coincide with the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11, the maximum power is transmitted.
- the resonance frequencies fs and fj are deviated from each other or they are deviated from the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11, the transmitted power is lowered and the efficiency is lowered.
- a curve CV1 indicates a case where the resonance frequency fs of the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the resonance frequency fj of the power reception resonance coil 22 match.
- the resonance frequencies fs and fj are 13.56 MHz.
- Curves CV2 and CV3 indicate cases where the resonance frequency fj of the power reception resonance coil 22 is higher by 5% and 10% than the resonance frequency fs of the power transmission resonance coil 13, respectively.
- the horizontal axis represents frequency [MHz]
- the vertical axis represents the magnitude of current flowing in the coil [dB].
- a curve CV4 shows a case where the resonance frequency of the coil matches the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11. In this case, according to FIG. 10, the resonance frequency is 10 MHz.
- Curves CV5 and CV6 indicate the case where the resonance frequency of the coil is higher or lower than the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11.
- the power transmission side control unit 14 and the power reception side control unit 24 set the phase ⁇ vs of the AC power supply 11 and the phases ⁇ is and ⁇ ij of the current flowing through the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22. To perform resonance frequency control.
- the power transmission side control unit 14 detects the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs supplied to the power transmission system coil SC and the phase ⁇ is of the current Is flowing through the power transmission system coil SC, and the phase difference ⁇ s is a predetermined target value ⁇ ms.
- the resonance frequency fs of the power transmission coil SC is varied.
- the power transmission side control unit 14 includes a current detection sensor SE1, phase detection units 141 and 142, a target value setting unit 143, a feedback control unit 144, and a phase transmission unit 145.
- the current detection sensor SE1 detects the current Is flowing through the power transmission resonance coil 13.
- a Hall element, a magnetoresistive element, a detection coil, or the like can be used as the current detection sensor SE1 .
- the current detection sensor SE1 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the current Is, for example.
- the phase detection unit 141 detects the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs supplied to the power supply coil 12. For example, the phase detection unit 141 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the voltage Vs. In this case, the voltage Vs may be output as it is, or may be divided and output by an appropriate resistor. Therefore, the phase detection unit 141 can be configured by a simple electric wire or by one or a plurality of resistors.
- the phase detector 142 detects the phase ⁇ is of the current Is flowing through the power transmission resonance coil 13 based on the output from the current detection sensor SE1. For example, the phase detection unit 142 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the current Is. In this case, the phase detection unit 142 may output the output of the current detection sensor SE1 as it is. Therefore, the current detection sensor SE1 can also serve as the phase detection unit 142.
- the target value setting unit 143 sets and stores the target value ⁇ ms of the phase difference ⁇ s. Therefore, the target value setting unit 143 is provided with a memory for storing the target value ⁇ ms. As the target value ⁇ ms, as described later, for example, “ ⁇ ” or “a value obtained by adding an appropriate correction value a to ⁇ ” or the like is set.
- the target value ⁇ ms may be set by selecting from one or a plurality of data stored in advance, or may be performed by a command from a CPU or a keyboard.
- the feedback control unit 144 resonates the power transmission resonance coil 13 so that the phase difference ⁇ s between the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs of the AC power supply 11 and the phase ⁇ is of the current Is of the power transmission resonance coil 13 becomes the set target value ⁇ ms.
- the frequency fs is varied.
- the phase transmission unit 145 transmits information about the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs supplied to the power supply coil 12 to the power receiving side control unit 24, for example, wirelessly.
- the phase transmission unit 145 transmits a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the voltage Vs as an analog signal or a digital signal. In that case, in order to improve the S / N ratio, a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the voltage Vs may be multiplied by an integral multiple and transmitted.
- the power receiving side control unit 24 detects the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage VS supplied to the power transmission coil SC and the phase ⁇ ij of the current IJ flowing through the power receiving coil JC so that the phase difference ⁇ j becomes a predetermined target value ⁇ mj.
- the resonance frequency fj of the power receiving coil JC is varied.
- the power receiving side control unit 24 includes a current detection sensor SE2, a phase reception unit 241, a phase detection unit 242, a target value setting unit 243, and a feedback control unit 244.
- the current detection sensor SE2 detects a current Ij flowing through the power receiving resonance coil 22.
- a Hall element, a magnetoresistive element, a detection coil, or the like can be used as the current detection sensor SE2 .
- the current detection sensor SE2 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the current Ij, for example.
- the phase receiving unit 241 receives information about the phase ⁇ vs transmitted from the phase transmitting unit 145 and outputs the information.
- the phase reception unit 241 performs frequency division to restore the original. For example, the phase receiving unit 241 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the voltage Vs.
- the phase detector 242 detects the phase ⁇ ij of the current Ij flowing through the power receiving resonance coil 22 based on the output from the current detection sensor SE2. For example, the phase detection unit 242 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the waveform of the current Ij. In this case, the phase detection unit 242 may output the output of the current detection sensor SE2 as it is. Therefore, the current detection sensor SE2 can also serve as the phase detection unit 242.
- the target value setting unit 243 sets and stores the target value ⁇ mj of the phase difference ⁇ j. As described later, for example, a value obtained by adding “ ⁇ / 2” to the target value ⁇ ms in the power transmission side control unit 14 is set as the target value ⁇ mj. That is, “ ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2” is set as the target value ⁇ mj. Alternatively, a value obtained by adding an appropriate correction value b thereto is set. The method for setting the target value ⁇ mj is the same as that for the target value ⁇ ms.
- the feedback control unit 244 resonates the power receiving resonance coil 22 so that the phase difference ⁇ j between the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs of the AC power supply 11 and the phase ⁇ ij of the current Ij of the power receiving resonance coil 22 becomes the set target value ⁇ mj.
- the frequency fj is varied.
- target value setting unit 143 and the feedback control unit 144 in the power transmission side control unit 14 and the target value setting unit 243 and the feedback control unit 244 in the power reception side control unit 24 are examples of resonance frequency control units, respectively.
- FIG. 3 elements having the same functions as those shown in FIG. 2 may be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof may be omitted or simplified.
- a power transmission system (power transmission device) 1B includes a power transmission device 3 and a power reception device 4.
- the power transmission device 3 includes a power transmission coil SC including an AC power source 11, a power supply coil 12, and a power transmission resonance coil 13, a resonance frequency control unit CTs, and the like.
- the power receiving device 4 includes a power receiving system coil JC including a power receiving resonance coil 22 and a power extraction coil 23, a resonance frequency control unit CTj, and the like.
- the resonance frequency control unit CTs on the power transmission side includes a target value setting unit 143, a phase comparison unit 151, an addition unit 152, gain adjustment units 153 and 154, a compensation unit 155, a driver 156, and the like.
- the phase comparison unit 151 compares the phase Is of the current Is detected by the current detection sensor SE1 with the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs of the AC power supply 11, and outputs a phase difference ⁇ s that is the difference between them.
- the addition unit 152 adds the phase difference ⁇ s output from the phase comparison unit 151 and the target value ⁇ ms set in the target value setting unit 143.
- the target value ⁇ ms is set so that the sign is reversed with respect to the target phase difference ⁇ s. Therefore, when the absolute value of the phase difference ⁇ s matches the target value ⁇ ms, the adding unit The output of 152 is zero.
- the gain adjusting units 153 and 154 adjust the gain (gain) for each input value or data, or perform conversion of data, etc., so that control is performed correctly.
- the compensation unit 155 determines a gain for a low frequency component, for example. It can be considered that the resonance frequency control unit CTs of this embodiment constitutes a servo system that performs feedback control on the MEMS variable capacitance device that is the capacitor 132. Therefore, an appropriate servo filter is used for the compensation unit 155 in order to stabilize, increase the speed and increase the accuracy of the servo system. Further, a filter circuit or a differential integration circuit for performing the PID operation in such a servo system is used as necessary.
- the driver 156 drives the MEMS variable capacitance device, which is the capacitor 132, and outputs drive KSs to the capacitor 132 in order to variably control the capacitance.
- MEMS variable capacitance device for example, a lower electrode and an upper electrode are provided on a glass substrate, and an interval between them is changed by bending due to an electrostatic attraction force due to a voltage applied between them.
- the capacitance of is variable.
- An electrode for a capacitor and an electrode for driving may be provided separately. Since the relationship between the voltage applied to the electrodes for driving and the amount of change in capacitance is not linear, the driver 156 performs calculations for conversion or table conversion as necessary.
- the power-reception-side resonance frequency control unit CTj includes a target value setting unit 243, a phase comparison unit 251, an addition unit 252, gain adjustment units 253 and 254, a compensation unit 255, a driver 256, and the like.
- the configuration and operation of each unit of the power receiving side resonance frequency control unit CTj are the same as the configuration and operation of each unit of the power transmission side resonance frequency control unit CTs described above.
- the power transmission side control unit 14, the power reception side control unit 24, the resonance frequency control units CTs, CTj, etc. in the power transmission systems 1 and 1B can be realized by software or hardware, or a combination thereof. is there.
- a computer including a CPU, a memory such as a ROM and a RAM, and other peripheral elements may be used to cause the CPU to execute an appropriate computer program.
- an appropriate hardware circuit may be used in combination.
- FIG. 4 to 7 in each figure (A), the horizontal axis represents the frequency f [MHz] of the AC power supply 11, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude [dB] of the current I flowing through each coil.
- the horizontal axis represents the frequency f [MHz] of the AC power supply 11, and the vertical axis represents the phase ⁇ [radian] of the current I flowing through each coil.
- FIG. 4 to FIG. 7 FIG. (A) and FIG. (B) correspond to each other.
- phase ⁇ indicates the phase difference ⁇ with reference to the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs of the AC power supply 11, that is, the phase ⁇ vs of the voltage Vs supplied to the power supply coil 12. That is, the phase ⁇ becomes 0 when it coincides with the phase ⁇ vs.
- Reference numerals CAA1 to 4, CAB1 to 4, CBA1 to 4, CBB1 to 4, CCA1 to 4, CCB1 to 4, CDA1 to 4, CDB1 to 4 attached to each curve are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 at the end. These correspond to the power supply coil 12, the power transmission resonance coil 13, the power reception resonance coil 22, and the power extraction coil 23, respectively.
- the power transmission resonance coil 13 or the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 are controlled so that their resonance frequencies fs and fj are 10 MHz.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the resonance frequency control is performed only by either the power transmission side control unit 14 or the power transmission device 3
- FIG. 5 shows the power transmission side control unit 14 or the power transmission device 3 and the power reception side control unit 24 or the power reception device 4. The case where resonance frequency control is performed by both is shown.
- the resonance frequency control is performed on the power transmission resonance coil 13 so that the resonance frequency fs is 10 MHz.
- the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11 is set to 10 MHz, and the target value setting unit 143 sets “ ⁇ ” as the target value ⁇ ms.
- the current Is of the power transmission resonance coil 13 is maximum at 10 MHz that matches the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11.
- the phase ⁇ is of the current Is of the power transmission resonance coil 13 is ⁇ at 10 MHz which is the resonance frequency fs. That is, it matches the target value ⁇ ms.
- the power transmission resonance coil 13 can be viewed as a series resonance circuit when viewed from the power supply coil 12. Therefore, it becomes capacitive at a frequency fd lower than the resonance frequency fs and approaches - ⁇ / 2, and becomes inductive at a high frequency fd and approaches -3 ⁇ / 2.
- the phase ⁇ is of the current Is flowing through the power transmission resonance coil 13 changes greatly in the vicinity of the resonance frequency fs.
- the resonance frequency fs of the power transmission resonance coil 13 can be matched with the frequency fd of the voltage Vs with high accuracy.
- the current I flowing through the power supply coil 12 is also maximum at the resonance frequency fs.
- the phase ⁇ i of the current I flowing through the power supply coil 12 becomes 0 or a leading phase in the vicinity of the resonance frequency fs, and becomes ⁇ / 2 when it deviates from the resonance frequency fs.
- the resonance frequency control is performed on the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 so that the resonance frequencies fs and fj thereof are 10 MHz.
- the target value setting units 143 and 243 set “ ⁇ ” as the target value ⁇ ms and “ ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2” as the target value ⁇ mj.
- the target value ⁇ mj is set to a value “ ⁇ ms ⁇ / 2” obtained by adding ⁇ / 2 to the target value ⁇ ms, that is, a phase delayed by ⁇ / 2 from the target value ⁇ ms.
- the curve CBA2 and the curve CBB2 are substantially the same as the curve CAA2 and the curve CAB2 in FIG.
- the current Ij of the power receiving resonance coil 22 is maximum at 10 MHz that matches the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11.
- the phase ⁇ ij of the current Ij of the power receiving resonance coil 22 is ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2 at the resonance frequency fs of 10 MHz. That is, it matches the target value ⁇ mj. Further, when the frequency fd becomes lower than the resonance frequency fs, the phase difference ⁇ decreases to approach ⁇ / 2, and when the frequency fd becomes higher than the resonance frequency fs, the phase difference ⁇ increases to ⁇ 5 ⁇ . / 2, that is, approaches - ⁇ / 2.
- the phases ⁇ is and ⁇ ij of the currents Is and Ij flowing in the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 change greatly in the vicinity of the resonance frequencies fs and fj.
- the phases ⁇ is and ⁇ ij that is, the phase differences ⁇ s and ⁇ j to be ⁇ or ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2
- the resonance frequencies fs and fj of the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 are increased to the frequency fd of the voltage Vs. Can be matched with accuracy.
- the resonant frequencies of the power transmission coil SC and the power reception coil JC can be controlled at high speed and accurately in real time.
- the resonance frequency of the power transmission coil SC and the power reception coil JC can be made to exactly match the frequency fd of the AC power supply 11, and the maximum power can always be transmitted from the power transmission device 3 to the power reception device 4. It is.
- the maximum power can always be transmitted, and energy can be transmitted with high efficiency.
- control is performed based on the phase difference ⁇ of the coil current with respect to the voltage Vs of the AC power supply, so that it is affected by fluctuations in current amplitude as in the case of the sweep search method. And accurate control is possible.
- the resonance frequency control method of the present embodiment since the rate of change in the vicinity of the resonance frequency of the phases ⁇ is and ⁇ ij increases as the Q value increases, the control sensitivity also increases. As a result, the phase differences ⁇ s and ⁇ j can be matched with the target values ⁇ ms and ⁇ mj with higher accuracy, and higher efficiency power transmission can be performed by increasing the Q value.
- FIG. 6 shows the states of the currents Is and Ij and the phases ⁇ is and ⁇ ij when the bimodal characteristics appear and the bimodal resonance control is not performed.
- the resonance frequencies of the power transmission coil SC and the power reception coil JC are shifted so that one of the two peaks appears at 10 MHz which is the resonance frequency fs.
- the target value ⁇ ms of the target value setting unit 143 remains “ ⁇ ” and does not change. Therefore, the difference between the target value ⁇ ms and the target value ⁇ mj is switched from ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ by the bimodal resonance control.
- the phase ⁇ is of the current Is of the power transmission resonance coil 13 is ⁇ at 10 MHz, which is the resonance frequency fs, as indicated by the curve CDB2.
- the phase ⁇ ij of the current Ij of the power receiving resonance coil 22 is ⁇ 2 ⁇ at 10 MHz which is the resonance frequency fs.
- FIG. 8 shows a change state of the electric power extracted from the electric power extraction coil 23 when the distance between the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 is changed between 200 mm and 100 mm.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of the simulation in which the coil diameter is 100 mm, the distance between the power supply coil 12 and the power transmission resonance coil 13 is 50 mm, and the distance between the power reception resonance coil 22 and the power extraction coil 23 is 40 mm. .
- a 10 ⁇ resistor was connected as the device 21 which is a load of the power extraction coil 23.
- a curve CU1 indicates a case where normal resonance frequency control and bimodal resonance control are switched, and a curve CU2 indicates a case where bimodal resonance control is not performed.
- the power decreases as the distance between the coils approaches as shown by the curve CU2.
- the curve CU1 when switching to the bimodal resonance control when the distance between the coils approaches about 140 mm, the power does not decrease but increases instead.
- the target value setting unit 243C stores a target value ⁇ mj1 for normal resonance frequency control and a target value ⁇ mj2 for bimodal resonance control.
- the double peak detection part 245 for detecting that the double peak characteristic appeared is provided.
- the target value setting unit 243C outputs the target value ⁇ mj1 as the target value ⁇ mj in normal resonance frequency control, but outputs the target value ⁇ mj2 as the target value ⁇ mj when the bimodal detection unit 245 outputs the detection signal S1. .
- normal resonance frequency control and bimodal resonance control are automatically switched.
- twin peak detector 245 may detect, for example, that the transmission power has decreased below a predetermined amount, or that the distance of the power receiving coil JC has become closer than a predetermined amount.
- the two target values ⁇ mj1 and ⁇ mj2 may be switched and output at an appropriate timing, and the target value ⁇ m with the larger power may be selected.
- the phase ⁇ vs of the AC power supply 11 is detected (# 11)
- the phases ⁇ is and ⁇ ij of the power transmission resonance coil 13 and the power reception resonance coil 22 are detected (# 12)
- the phase differences ⁇ s and ⁇ j are obtained (# 13). ).
- the target values ⁇ mj2 and ⁇ mj1 are switched (# 22, 23) depending on whether or not the bimodal characteristic appears (# 21).
- ⁇ is set as the target value ⁇ ms
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2 or ⁇ 2 ⁇ is set as the target value ⁇ mj.
- “ ⁇ ” set as the target value ⁇ ms is an example of the target value “ ⁇ ”.
- “ ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2” and “ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ” set as the target value ⁇ mj are examples of the target values “ ⁇ / 2” and “ ⁇ ”, respectively.
- These target values ⁇ ms and ⁇ mj can be variously changed according to the configurations of the power transmission side control unit 14, the power reception side control unit 24, the feedback control units 144 and 244, and the resonance frequency control units CTs and CTj.
- phase and the phase difference are expressed in radians.
- the phase or phase difference is ⁇ [radian] this is equivalent to ( ⁇ + 2n ⁇ ) [radian].
- n is an arbitrary integer.
- the phase and phase difference may be expressed in degrees instead of radians.
- correction values a and b may be added to the target values ⁇ ms and ⁇ ms when they are set. Such correction values a and b may be determined so that, for example, the maximum power is actually obtained.
- the configuration of the phase detectors 141 and 142 can be variously changed. That is, it may be a voltage waveform or a current waveform, or a value or data indicating a phase. That is, any signal or data including phase information about the voltage Vs or the current Is may be used.
- the adding unit 152 and the gain adjusting unit 153, and the adding unit 252 and the gain adjusting unit 253 are examples of calculating units, respectively.
- the MEMS variable capacitance devices that are the capacitors 132 and 222 are driven by the drivers 156 and 256, other types of capacitors may be driven. Further, the driver 156 may be driven so as to vary the inductance of the coil instead of the capacitor.
- the configuration, the structure, the circuit, the shape, the number, the arrangement, etc. of each part or the whole of the device 4 and the power transmission systems 1 and 1B can be appropriately changed in accordance with the gist of the present invention.
- the power transmission system (power transmission device) 1, 1B of the above-described embodiment is, for example, a rechargeable battery built in a mobile device such as a mobile phone, a mobile computer, and a portable music player, or a car
- the present invention can be applied to charging secondary batteries of transportation equipment.
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Abstract
Description
(1)使用状態によってはコイルの電流値が常に変動するので、コイルの電流値の変動(振幅変動)によって誤検出が生じ、正確な調整を行うのが容易でない。
(2)調整のために往復スイープ動作が必要となり、調整に時間を要し、高速なリアルタイム制御が困難である。また、一度調整を行っても、使用環境が変わると再度調整を行う必要があるので、その都度使用を一時停止しなければならない。
Claims (16)
- 送電系コイルから受電系コイルへ磁界共鳴を利用して電力を伝送する磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法において、
前記送電系コイルに供給される電圧の位相および前記送電系コイルまたは前記受電系コイルに流れる電流の位相を検出し、それらの位相差が目標値となるように、前記送電系コイルまたは前記受電系コイルの共振周波数を可変する、
磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法。 - 前記送電系コイルは、交流電源が接続される電力供給コイル、および前記電力供給コイルと電磁的に密に結合した送電共振コイルを有し、
前記受電系コイルは、受電共振コイル、および前記受電共振コイルと電磁的に密に結合した電力取出コイルを有しており、
前記交流電源の電圧と前記送電共振コイルの電流との位相差が目標値βとなるように、前記送電共振コイルの共振周波数を可変し、
前記交流電源の電圧と前記受電共振コイルの電流との位相差が目標値(β-π/2)となるように、前記受電共振コイルの共振周波数を可変する、
請求項1記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法。 - 前記目標値βは、-πである、
請求項2記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法。 - 前記送電系コイルと前記受電系コイルとの結合度が大きくなって双峰特性が現れたときに、前記交流電源の周波数において電流のピークが現れるように、前記送電系コイルまたは前記受電系コイルの共振周波数を可変する、
請求項1記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法。 - 前記送電系コイルは、交流電源が接続される電力供給コイル、および前記電力供給コイルと電磁的に密に結合した送電共振コイルを有し、
前記受電系コイルは、受電共振コイル、および前記受電共振コイルと電磁的に密に結合した電力取出コイルを有しており、
前記送電共振コイルと前記受電共振コイルとの結合度が大きくなって双峰特性が現れたときに、
前記交流電源の電圧と前記送電共振コイルの電流との位相差が目標値βとなるように、前記送電共振コイルの共振周波数を可変し、
前記交流電源の電圧と前記受電共振コイルの電流との位相差が目標値(β-π)となるように、前記受電共振コイルの共振周波数を可変する、
請求項1記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法。 - 送電系コイルから受電系コイルへ磁界共鳴を利用して電力を伝送する磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置において、
前記送電系コイルに供給される電圧の位相および前記送電系コイルまたは前記受電系コイルに流れる電流の位相を検出する位相検出部と、
検出されたそれらの位相の位相差が目標値となるように、前記送電系コイルまたは前記受電系コイルの共振周波数を可変する共振周波数制御部と、
を有する磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置。 - 送電系コイルから受電系コイルへ磁界共鳴を利用して電力を伝送する磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置であって、
前記送電系コイルに供給される電圧の位相および前記送電系コイルに流れる電流の位相を検出する送電系位相検出部と、
検出されたそれら位相の位相差が目標値となるように、前記送電系コイルの共振周波数を可変する送電系共振周波数制御部と、
を有する磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置。 - 前記送電系コイルは、交流電源が接続される電力供給コイルと、前記電力供給コイルと電磁的に密に結合した送電共振コイルとを有し、
前記送電系共振周波数制御部は、
前記目標値を設定して記憶する目標値設定部と、
前記交流電源の電圧と前記送電共振コイルの電流との位相差が設定された前記目標値となるように、前記送電共振コイルの共振周波数を可変するフィードバック制御部と、を有する、
請求項7記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置。 - 前記フィードバック制御部は、
前記電圧の位相と前記電流の位相とを比較し、それらの差である位相差を出力する位相比較部と、
前記位相比較部の出力する位相差と、前記目標値設定部に設定された目標値とを演算する演算部と、
前記送電共振コイルにおけるインダクタンスまたは静電容量を可変するために駆動するドライバと、を含む、
請求項8記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置。 - 前記目標値設定部は、前記目標値として-πを設定する、
請求項8または9記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置。 - 前記送電系コイルに供給される電圧の位相に関する情報を無線で送信する位相情報送信部を有する、
請求項7ないし10のいずれかに記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置。 - 送電系コイルから受電系コイルへ磁界共鳴を利用して電力を伝送する磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における受電装置であって、
前記送電系コイルに供給される電圧の位相に関する情報を受信する位相情報受信部と、
前記受電系コイルに流れる電流の位相を検出する受電系位相検出部と、
前記位相情報受信部によって受信された電圧の位相と検出された電流の位相との位相差が目標値となるように、前記受電系コイルの共振周波数を可変する受電系共振周波数制御部と、
を有する磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における受電装置。 - 前記受電系コイルは、受電共振コイル、および前記受電共振コイルと電磁的に密に結合した電力取出コイルを有し、
前記受電系共振周波数制御部は、
前記目標値を設定して記憶する目標値設定部と、
前記位相情報受信部によって受信された電圧の位相と検出された電流の位相との位相差が前記目標値となるように、前記受電共振コイルの共振周波数を可変するフィードバック制御部と、を有する、
請求項12記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における受電装置。 - 前記フィードバック制御部は、
前記電圧の位相と前記電流の位相とを比較し、それらの差である位相差を出力する位相比較部と、
前記位相比較部の出力する位相差と、前記目標値設定部に設定された目標値とを演算する演算部と、
前記受電共振コイルにおけるインダクタンスまたは静電容量を可変するために駆動するドライバと、を含む、
請求項13記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における受電装置。 - 前記目標値設定部は、前記目標値として-3π/2を設定する、
請求項13または14記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における受電装置。 - 前記目標値設定部は、前記送電系コイルと前記受電系コイルとの結合度が大きくなって双峰特性が現れたときに、前記目標値を切り替えて-2πに設定する、
請求項13記載の磁界共鳴型電力伝送装置における送電装置。
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CN201080063241.0A CN102754305B (zh) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | 共振频率控制方法、送电装置、以及受电装置 |
MX2012009085A MX2012009085A (es) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | Metodo de control de frecuencia resonante, dspositvos de transmision de potencia electrica, dispositivo de recuperacion de potencia electrica en sistema de transmision de potencia tipo resonante magnetico. |
KR1020127020642A KR101438294B1 (ko) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | 자계 공명형 전력 전송 시스템에 있어서의 공진 주파수 제어 방법, 송전 장치, 및 수전 장치 |
PCT/JP2010/000847 WO2011099071A1 (ja) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | 磁界共鳴型電力伝送システムにおける共振周波数制御方法、送電装置、および受電装置 |
KR1020147011369A KR101494144B1 (ko) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | 자계 공명형 전력 전송 시스템에 있어서의 공진 주파수 제어 방법, 송전 장치, 및 수전 장치 |
EP10845676.5A EP2536002A4 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | Resonance frequency control method, power transmission device, and power reception device for magnetic-resonant-coupling type power transmission system |
BR112012019690A BR112012019690A2 (pt) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | método de controle de frequência ressonante, dispositivo transmissor de energia elétrica, dispositivo receptor de energia elétrica em sistema de transmissão de energia do tipo de acoplamento ressonante magnético |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102754305A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
EP2536002A4 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
JP2014033615A (ja) | 2014-02-20 |
KR20120112761A (ko) | 2012-10-11 |
MX2012009085A (es) | 2012-12-17 |
US9634493B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
CN102754305B (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
KR101438294B1 (ko) | 2014-09-04 |
JP5673783B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
US20130015720A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2536002A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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