WO2011052442A1 - 工作機械 - Google Patents
工作機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011052442A1 WO2011052442A1 PCT/JP2010/068432 JP2010068432W WO2011052442A1 WO 2011052442 A1 WO2011052442 A1 WO 2011052442A1 JP 2010068432 W JP2010068432 W JP 2010068432W WO 2011052442 A1 WO2011052442 A1 WO 2011052442A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spindle
- tool
- radial direction
- scale
- axis
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0003—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0007—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine by compensating occurring thermal dilations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
- B23Q15/24—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece of linear position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
- B23Q17/2233—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
- B23Q17/225—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece of a workpiece relative to the tool-axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49206—Compensation temperature, thermal displacement, use measured temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49207—Compensate thermal displacement using measured distance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49212—Using lookup table, map, position error, temperature and position
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/25—Lathe
- Y10T82/2502—Lathe with program control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/25—Lathe
- Y10T82/2508—Lathe with tool turret
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/25—Lathe
- Y10T82/2531—Carriage feed
- Y10T82/2533—Control
- Y10T82/2535—Electrical type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/25—Lathe
- Y10T82/2552—Headstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/25—Lathe
- Y10T82/2572—Attachment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine tool such as a lathe, a drill, or a grinder, and more particularly to a machine tool having a measurement function for correcting thermal displacement.
- thermal expansion and thermal deformation of the bed and other parts occur due to cutting heat and heat generated by each part due to machine operation.
- thermal expansion and thermal deformation lead to a decrease in processing accuracy.
- Some of them are equipped with a cooling device as a countermeasure.
- the cooling device becomes large, and the processing accuracy cannot be ensured only by cooling. For this reason, various types of devices that measure thermal expansion and correct thermal displacement such as the cutting depth of a tool have been proposed.
- the headstock 51 is fixed on the bed 52, and the feed base 54 on which the tool post 53 is mounted moves in the main shaft radial direction (X-axis direction).
- the position of the tool post 53 in the radial direction of the spindle is measured by reading a scale 55 attached to the spindle base 51 and extending in the radial direction of the spindle with a reading unit 56 attached to the feed base 54. To do.
- the measured value of the position of the tool post 53 in the main spindle radial direction changes due to thermal displacement or the like. Therefore, by correcting the cutting amount of the tool 57 of the tool post 53 according to the measured value, an appropriate machining accuracy is always ensured.
- the object of the present invention is to measure and correct the distance in the radial direction of the spindle between the spindle center and the cutting edge of the tool with high accuracy, and to the dimensional change of the machine which is the greatest factor affecting the machine accuracy.
- the object is to provide a machine tool capable of performing treatment and improving machining accuracy.
- Another object of the present invention is to allow the measuring means provided in the machine tool to be manufactured at a low cost as much as possible while adopting a configuration capable of measuring the necessary position corresponding to the movement of the headstock or the tool post. is there.
- Still another object of the present invention is to make it possible to accurately correct the distance between the axis of the spindle and the cutting edge of the tool with respect to the dimensional change of the machine.
- a machine tool having a basic configuration of the present invention includes a spindle stock that rotatably supports a spindle having a chuck for gripping a workpiece, and a tool post to which a tool is attached, in a radial direction and a spindle axis direction.
- a machine tool installed on the bed so as to be relatively movable, The main shaft radius of the scale extending in the main shaft radial direction and a reading unit for reading the scale, and either one of the base end of the scale or the reading unit moves in the main shaft radial direction together with the main shaft base or the main shaft base.
- a spindle-side position measuring means that is installed in the vicinity of the spindle axis in the direction and the other is provided at a first reference position and measures the spindle axis position in the spindle radial direction with respect to the first reference position; It comprises a scale extending in the main shaft radial direction and a reading unit for reading the scale, and either one of the base end of the scale and the reading unit is installed on the tool rest or a member moving in the main shaft radial direction together with the tool rest, A blade side position measuring means for measuring the position of the tool rest with respect to the second reference position, the other being provided at the second reference position; The first reference position and the second reference position are fixed to each other with respect to the radial direction of the main shaft, Calculate the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, which is the distance between the spindle axis and the tool rest in the radial direction of the spindle from the reading value of the spindle side position measuring means and the reading value of the cutter side position
- the spindle-side position measuring unit can measure the spindle center position in the spindle radial direction with respect to the first reference position, and the tool-side position measuring unit can measure the position of the tool post with respect to the second reference position. Can be measured.
- the first reference position and the second reference position are fixed to each other, and the positional relationship does not change. Therefore, the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, which is the distance between the spindle axis and the tool rest in the spindle radial direction, can be calculated from the reading value of the spindle side position measuring means and the reading value of the tool side position measuring means.
- both the spindle axis position and the tool post position are measured, the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge can be accurately measured. That is, both the spindle axis position and the tool post position change due to thermal displacement of the bed and the machine part on the bed. Since the thermal displacement at both positions is measured, the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge can be accurately measured.
- the spindle-side position measuring means has either the base end of the scale or the reading unit installed near the spindle axis in the spindle base or a member that moves in the radial direction of the spindle together with the spindle base.
- the measurement can be performed while avoiding the influence of the thermal displacement of the machine in the deviation range. Therefore, it is possible to measure with higher accuracy. In this way, it is possible to measure the distance in the spindle radial direction between the spindle center and the cutting edge of the tool with high accuracy, and to take measures against changes in the machine dimension, which is the biggest factor affecting machine accuracy. The accuracy can be improved.
- the calculation means is not limited to the calculation of the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, and may calculate a value used for correcting the movement amount of the spindle and the tool rest in the radial direction of the spindle. Also in this case, since both the spindle axis position and the tool post position are measured, accurate correction can be performed, and machining accuracy can be improved.
- the first reference position and the second reference position are fixed to each other in the main shaft radial direction.
- the first reference position and the second reference position change depending on the thermal displacement of the machine.
- the first reference position and the second reference position may not necessarily coincide with each other with respect to the main shaft radial direction, but they are located close enough to ignore the influence of the thermal displacement, or the thermal displacement. It is desirable that the position be close enough to correct the influence of.
- the machine tool according to the present invention is roughly classified into the following machine tools according to the first to fifth aspects depending on which direction the spindle stock or the tool post is moved. Any of the machine tools according to the first to fifth aspects includes the basic configuration of the present invention.
- the headstock in the basic configuration, is mounted on a feed base provided on a bed so as to be movable in the main shaft radial direction so as to be movable in the main shaft axis direction.
- the tool post is provided in a fixed position on the bed.
- the spindle-side position measuring means either the base end of the scale or the reading unit is installed in the vicinity of the spindle axis in the spindle radial direction of the feed base, and the other is fixed on the bed. It is provided at the first reference position.
- the cutter side position measuring means is provided with a base end of the scale or a reading unit attached to the tool rest, and the other is provided at a second reference position fixed on the bed.
- the value obtained by reading the scale scale of the spindle side position measuring means by the reading unit varies depending on the position where the feed base moves and varies depending on the thermal displacement of the bed or the like, but the first reference position and the spindle
- the current actual distance between the axes is the reading.
- the measurement value of the tool side position measuring means is originally a constant value, but if there is a thermal displacement of the machine, it becomes a value to which the displacement is added, and the position of the tool rest relative to the second reference position, or the tool rest.
- the current actual value of the cutting edge position of the tool attached to is shown.
- the first reference position and the second reference position are fixed to each other.
- the headstock in a fixed position on a bed, and the tool post is disposed on the bed via a radial feed base and an axial feed base.
- the radial feed base is provided on the bed so as to be movable in the main shaft radial direction
- the axial feed base is mounted on the radial feed base so as to be movable in the main shaft axis direction.
- the tool post is of the type mounted on the axial feed base.
- either the base end of the scale or the reading unit is installed in the vicinity of the spindle axis in the spindle radial direction of the spindle base, and the other is on the radial feed base. It is provided at a first reference position that is a position.
- the tool-side position measuring means is provided at a second reference position where one of the base end of the scale and the reading unit is attached to the tool rest and the other is a position on the axial feed base.
- the first reference position is the position on the radial feed base
- the second reference position is the position on the axial feed base
- the axial feed base is on the radial feed base. Since it is installed so as to be movable in the axial direction, the first reference position and the second reference position move together with the radial feed base, and the relative position between the first reference position and the second reference position. Is fixed.
- the tool post moves with respect to the spindle axis due to the movement of the radial feed base, but the actual position of the radial feed base is measured by the spindle-side position measuring means, and the mechanical thermal displacement of the tool post relative to the radial feed base Etc. can be understood from the measurement by the blade side position measuring means.
- the calculation means calculates the relative distance between the spindle axis and the blade edge from the reading value of the spindle side position measurement means and the reading value of the blade side position measurement means, thereby accurately The relative distance between the actual spindle axis and the cutting edge including the displacement and the like can be obtained.
- the headstock is provided on the bed so as to be movable in the radial direction of the spindle, and the tool post is moved on the bed in the direction of the spindle axis.
- This type is mounted on a freely provided axial feed base.
- the spindle-side position measuring means either the base end of the scale or the reading unit is installed in the vicinity of the spindle axis in the spindle radial direction on the spindle base, and the other is fixed on the bed. It is provided at the first reference position.
- the tool-side position measuring means is provided at a second reference position where one of the base end of the scale and the reading unit is attached to the tool rest and the other is a position on the axial feed base.
- the headstock moves in the main shaft radial direction and the tool rest moves in the main shaft axis direction.
- the actual position of the main shaft axis relative to the first reference position is measured by the main shaft side position measuring means.
- the position is measured, and the actual position of the tool post with respect to the second reference position is measured by the tool side position measuring means. Therefore, also in this aspect, the calculation means calculates the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge from the reading value of the spindle side position measurement means and the reading value of the blade side position measurement means, thereby accurately The relative distance between the actual spindle axis and the cutting edge including the displacement and the like can be obtained.
- the headstock is provided on a bed so as to be movable in the direction of the spindle axis, and the tool post is arranged on the bed in the radial direction of the spindle. It is the structure mounted in the radial feed stand installed so that movement was possible.
- the spindle-side position measuring means either the base end of the scale or the reading unit is installed in the vicinity of the spindle axis in the spindle radial direction of the spindle base, and the other is on the radial feed base. It is provided at a first reference position that is a position.
- the tool side position measuring means is provided at a second reference position where one of the base end of the scale and the reading unit is attached to the tool rest and the other is a position on the radial feed base.
- the first reference position and the second reference position are both positions on the radial feed base.
- the radial feed base moves in the radial direction of the spindle, but the actual position of the spindle axis relative to the first reference position on the radial feed base is measured by the spindle-side position measuring means, and the tool post relative to the radial feed base is measured.
- Mechanical thermal displacement and the like can be understood from the measurement by the blade side position measuring means.
- the calculation means calculates the relative distance between the spindle axis and the blade edge from the reading value of the spindle side position measurement means and the reading value of the blade side position measurement means, thereby accurately The relative distance between the actual spindle axis and the cutting edge including the displacement and the like can be obtained.
- the spindle-side scale of the spindle-side position measuring means From the position corresponding to the spindle side reading unit when the spindle stand is located at a position where the tool tip of the tool post comes into contact with the outer diameter of the largest workpiece that can be gripped and processed by the chuck, the spindle side Is within the range up to the origin position, which is the corresponding position of the spindle side reading section, or at one point or a plurality of points within the range when the axial center of the spindle is the same as the radial position of the spindle of the tool
- the scale should just be attached in the range of the length which can measure the amount of thermal displacement.
- the scale is provided only in the minimum necessary range for the spindle-side scale of the spindle-side position measuring means, it is possible to perform the necessary position measurement corresponding to the movement of the headstock. Costs can be reduced by minimizing the scale range.
- the spindle of the spindle side position measuring means From the position corresponding to the spindle side reading unit when the tool post is located at a position where the tool tip of the tool post comes into contact with the outer diameter of the workpiece having the maximum diameter that can be gripped and processed by the chuck, When the axis of the main shaft is at the same position as the cutting edge of the tool in the main shaft radial direction, the main shaft side reading unit is in a range corresponding to the origin position, or one point or a plurality of points within the range It is sufficient that the scale is provided within a range of a length in which the maximum thermal displacement amount can be measured.
- the necessary position measurement can be performed corresponding to the movement of the spindle head. Costs can be reduced by minimizing the scale range.
- a control device for moving the tool post relative to the head stock according to a command value of a movement command is provided, and the main shaft obtained by the calculation means for the command value is provided in the control device.
- the machining accuracy of the workpiece diameter is determined by the accuracy of the cutting edge position of the tool with respect to the spindle axis.
- the spindle table relative to the tool rest or the command value for moving the tool rest relative to the spindle base By performing correction based on the relative distance between the spindle axis position and the blade edge position obtained by the calculation means, it is possible to perform machining with high accuracy against thermal displacement.
- the temperature change of a machine tool during a day is not constant.
- the relative distance between the spindle center position and the blade edge position in the thermal displacement state at the time of measurement is accurately detected. Therefore, it is possible to perform processing with high accuracy by performing measurement at an appropriate time and performing correction by the thermal displacement correction means after measurement.
- a machine tool in which a spindle stock rotatably supporting a spindle having a chuck for gripping a workpiece and a tool rest to which a tool is attached are arranged in a spindle radial direction and a spindle axis.
- the main shaft radius of the scale extending in the main shaft radial direction and a reading unit for reading the scale, and either one of the base end of the scale or the reading unit moves in the main shaft radial direction together with the main shaft base or the main shaft base.
- a spindle-side position measuring means that is installed in the vicinity of the spindle axis in the direction and the other is provided at a first reference position and measures the spindle axis position in the spindle radial direction with respect to the first reference position;
- a tool-side position measuring means for measuring the position of the tool rest in the spindle radial direction with respect to a second reference position;
- the first reference position and the second reference position are fixed to each other with respect to the radial direction of the main shaft, Calculate the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, which is the distance between the spindle axis and the tool rest in the radial direction of the spindle from the reading value of the spindle side position measuring means and the reading value of the cutter side position measuring means,
- a calculation means for calculating a value used for correcting a relative movement amount of the spindle stock and the tool rest in the radial direction of the spindle is provided.
- the machine tool of the fifth aspect is not limited to the configuration having the scale in the tool side position measuring means in the machine tool of the basic configuration, but “the position of the tool rest in the spindle radial direction with respect to the second reference position”. Is a tool-side position measuring means for measuring ".”
- the temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the tool rest by measuring the temperature, for example, the temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the tool rest, and the temperature measuring means
- the temperature measurement value can be a temperature-corresponding blade side position calculating means for obtaining the position of the tool rest in the main shaft radial direction with respect to the second reference position.
- the spindle center position in the radial direction of the spindle with respect to the first reference position is measured by the spindle side position measuring means, and the position of the tool post with respect to the second reference position is measured by the tool side position measuring means. Since both the spindle axis position and the tool post position are measured, the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge can be accurately measured.
- This machine tool is a numerically controlled machine tool, and includes a machine tool body 1 that is a machine part and a control device 2 that controls the machine tool body 1.
- the machine tool main body 1 is a main spindle moving type lathe, and a main spindle 6 is rotatably supported on a main spindle base 5 installed on a bed 3 via a feed base 4, and a tool post 7 is provided on the bed 3. It is installed via a support base 26.
- the support base 26 is fixedly installed on the bed 3.
- the tool post 7 is formed of a turret and is supported on the support base 26 so as to be capable of rotational indexing.
- the feed table 4 is installed on the X-axis guide 9 provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in a horizontal main axis radial direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the axis O of the main shaft 6. It is driven forward and backward by an X-axis moving mechanism 12 comprising a motor 10 such as an installed servo motor and a feed screw mechanism 11 that converts the rotation output into a linear motion.
- the feed screw mechanism 11 includes a screw shaft and a nut.
- the headstock 5 is installed on a Z-axis guide 13 provided on the feed base 4 so as to be movable in the spindle axis direction (Z-axis direction), and is a motor installed on the feed base 4. 14 (FIGS.
- the feed screw mechanism 15 includes a screw shaft and a nut.
- the spindle 6 is rotationally driven by a spindle motor (not shown) built in the spindle stock 5.
- a chuck 17 is detachably provided at the front end of the main shaft 6. The chuck 17 can grip the workpiece W (FIG. 3) by a plurality of chuck claws 17 a that move in the chuck radial direction.
- the tool post 7 is rotatable about a horizontal rotation center T along the X-axis direction with respect to the support base 26, and as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of tool mounting portions 7 a arranged in the circumferential direction are arranged on the outer peripheral portion.
- a tool 18 such as a tool or a rotary tool is attached to each tool attachment portion 7a via a tool holder 18a.
- the tool post 7 is fixed to the end of a hollow shaft 7c rotatably supported by a support base 26 via a bearing 8, and is hollowed by an indexing motor (not shown). By rotating 7c, the arbitrary tool mounting portion 7a is pivotally indexed to a position facing the main shaft 6.
- the tool post 7 may have a polygonal shape as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, only the tool 18 attached to a part of the tool attaching portion 7a is shown, and the other parts are not shown.
- the machine tool of this embodiment is provided with a spindle-side position measuring means 20 and a blade-side position measuring means 30 on the machine tool body 1 having the basic structure.
- the spindle-side position measuring means 20 is a means for measuring the position of the spindle axis O in the spindle radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the first reference position P1, and includes a scale 21 and a reading unit 22.
- the scale 21 is a rod-like member, and a base portion 21a is attached to a position in the vicinity of the axis O of the main shaft 6 in the main shaft radial direction in the feed base 4, and extends from the base portion 21a along the main shaft radial direction.
- the term “near the axial center” means that the axial center position is included. Compared to the case where the base 21a of the scale 21 is attached to the axial center position, the difference in measurement results caused by thermal displacement can be ignored.
- the scale 21 is attached to the front surface of the feed base 4 via the space member 25, but may be attached to other locations, for example, near the front end of the upper surface or the lower surface of the feed base 4.
- a scale 23 is provided along a radial direction of the main axis in a predetermined range of the surface of the scale 21 facing the reading unit 22.
- the reading unit 22 reads the scale 23 of the scale 21, and is attached to the first reference position P ⁇ b> 1, which is a position on the bed 3, via the attachment member 24.
- the reading unit 22 is an optical type, and reads the scale 23 by projecting detection light and receiving reflected light.
- the reading unit 22 may be a magnetic type.
- the range where the scale 23 is attached to the scale 21 is such that the headstock 5 is located at a position where the cutting edge of the tool 18 of the tool post 7 is in contact with the outer diameter of the workpiece W (FIG. 3) having the largest diameter that can be gripped and processed by the chuck 17a.
- the headstock 5 When the headstock 5 is movable in the radial direction of the spindle as in this embodiment, if the scale 23 of the scale 22 is attached only to the indispensable minimum range as described above, the movement of the headstock 5 can be handled. And can perform the necessary position measurement. Cost can be reduced by minimizing the range of the scale 23.
- the scale 23 is made fine for the range corresponding to the movement of the headstock 5 at the time of machining, and the scale 23 is set for the range where the headstock 5 moves only at the time of workpiece exchange, chuck exchange, etc. other than during machining. If it is roughened, the cost can be further reduced.
- the scale 23 may be provided over the entire length of the scale 22.
- the tool side position measuring means 30 is a means for detecting the position of the tool rest 7 in the principal axis radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the second reference position P2, and includes a scale 31 and a reading unit 32.
- the scale 31 is a round bar-like member, and a base portion 31a is attached to the rotation center of the tool post 7 and extends through the hollow shaft 7c along the main shaft radial direction, that is, the rotation center T.
- the base 31a of the scale 31 is fixed to the tool post 7, but except for the base 31a, the base 31a is rotatable and advanceable / retractable with respect to the hollow shaft 7c.
- Scales 33 arranged in the radial direction of the main shaft are attached to the entire periphery of the end of the scale 31 protruding from the hollow shaft 7c so as to correspond to the reading unit 22.
- the reading unit 32 has an annular shape for reading the scale 33 of the scale 31, and is fixedly attached to the second reference position P ⁇ b> 2 that is a position on the bed 3 through an attachment member 34.
- the reading unit 32 may also be an optical type or a magnetic type.
- the reading unit 22 of the spindle-side position measuring unit 20 and the reading unit 32 of the blade-side position measuring unit 30 make the spindle radial position completely coincide with each other or due to the difference in the spindle radial position between the reading units 22 and 32. Align the thermal displacement in the radial direction of the spindle so that it can be ignored or estimated. That is, the main shaft radial direction positions of the first reference position P1 and the second reference position P2 are aligned.
- the reading values of the reading unit 22 of the spindle-side position measuring unit 20 and the reading unit 32 of the blade-side position measuring unit 30 are input to the calculation unit 40 of the control device 2.
- the calculation means 40 is provided in the control device 2, but may be provided separately from the control device 2.
- the calculating means 40 calculates the spindle axis O in the main spindle radial direction (X-axis direction) from the reading value of the reading section 22 of the main spindle side position measuring means 20 and the reading value of the reading section 32 of the blade side position measuring means 30.
- the specific position of the tool rest 7 is a position on the tool rest 7 and a position on the tool 18 attached to the tool rest 7 and may be any position as long as it is a specified position.
- the blade tip position of the standard tool 7 attached to the tool post 7 is set as the specific position.
- the standard tool 7 may be an arbitrary tool. For example, the standard tool 7 is the most frequently used tool 7 in this machine tool.
- FIG. 6 shows the positions of the headstock 5 and the tool rest 7 at the normal temperature (solid line) and the positions of the head rest 5 and the tool rest 7 at the time of temperature rise (two-dot chain line).
- the relative distance L0 between the spindle center and the cutting edge at normal temperature (for example, 15 ° C.) is obtained from known dimensions of the machine tool and the tool 18.
- the calculation means 40 calculates the thermal displacement amount ⁇ L1 in the spindle radial direction of the spindle stock 5 due to the temperature rise from the reading values of the reading section 22 of the spindle position measurement means 20 and the reading section 32 of the tool position measurement means 30 and the tool rest 7. Is calculated, and the relative displacement L between the spindle center and the cutting edge during operation is obtained by adding the thermal displacement amounts ⁇ L1 and ⁇ L2 to the relative distance L0 between the spindle center and the cutting edge at room temperature. Is calculated.
- the spindle-side position measuring means 20 reads the scale 23 of the scale 21 with the reading unit 22. Since the reading unit 22 is mounted on the bed 3 in a fixed position, the reading position of the reading unit 23 indicates the position in the radial direction of the main shaft of the feed base 4 to which the scale 21 is mounted.
- the position of the spindle stock 5 in the radial direction of the spindle can be known. That is, the distance L1 between the first reference position P1 and the spindle axis O is known.
- the feed table 4 moves in the spindle radial direction during machining, but the movement amount is detected by another detection means (not shown), and the detected movement amount is added to always add the detected movement amount to the spindle radial direction.
- the position can be determined. From the position of the spindle base 5 in the radial direction of the spindle, the amount of thermal displacement ⁇ L1 in the radial direction of the spindle at the time of machining with respect to normal temperature is obtained.
- the blade side position measuring means 30 reads the scale 33 of the scale 31 by the reading unit 32. Since the reading unit 32 is fixedly mounted on the bed 3, the reading of the reading unit 32 can be used to determine the radial position of the tool post 7 to which the scale 31 is attached. That is, the distance L2 between the second reference position P2 and the specific position of the tool post 7 (for example, the cutting edge position of the tool 18) is known. From the radial direction position of the tool post 7 in the main shaft radial direction, a thermal displacement amount ⁇ L2 in the main shaft radial direction during machining with respect to normal temperature is obtained.
- the amount of thermal displacement of the tool rest 7 is regarded as the amount of thermal displacement of the tool tip position of the tool 18 attached to the tool rest 7. You may make it obtain
- the calculation means 40 adds the calculated thermal displacement amounts ⁇ L1 and ⁇ L2 to the relative distance L0 between the spindle center and the blade edge at normal temperature, thereby increasing the temperature during operation or the like.
- the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge is calculated.
- the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge is obtained by adding a dimensional change due to thermal displacement to the relative distance L0 between the spindle axis and the cutting edge at normal temperature, and indicates the current accurate distance.
- the calculation result of the calculation means 40 is stored in the calculation means 40 or the thermal displacement correction means 43 (FIG. 1). Instead of obtaining the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, a change in the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge may be obtained.
- the control device 2 is composed of a computer-type numerical control device, which decodes and executes each command of the machining program 41 by the arithmetic control unit 42 and gives a control command to each drive source of the machine tool body 1.
- the movement command 41a in the X-axis direction of the machining program 41 is a command for relatively moving the tool post 7 in the X-axis direction to the position of the command value indicating the movement destination.
- the arithmetic control unit 42 causes the X-axis motor 10 to move. Is output as a command to drive the.
- the calculation control unit 42 includes a thermal displacement correction unit 43, and a command value to be output to the motor 10 is calculated by the calculation unit 40 with respect to the command value of the movement command 41 a in the X-axis direction in the machining program 41. Correction is performed using the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge. For example, when the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge is input from the calculation unit 40, the thermal displacement correction unit 43 always stores the value until the value is updated, and corrects it using the stored value. It is supposed to do.
- the spindle-side position measuring unit 20 and the cutter-side position measuring unit 30 measure the position, and the value of the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge calculated by the calculating unit 40 is updated, the heat to be performed thereafter.
- the correction amount of the displacement correction means 43 changes.
- the correction amount by the thermal displacement correction unit 43 will be described later.
- the thermal displacement correction means 43 can be switched between an active state and an inactive state by a predetermined input by a switch operation or the like. Further, the measuring operation of the spindle side position measuring means 20 and the blade side position measuring means 30 may be manually performed by an input operation of an operation panel (not shown) attached to the control device 2, or for measurement. A program (not shown) may be provided, and a series of measurement operations may be automatically performed by causing the control device 2 to execute the measurement program. When the measurement is automatically performed, even if the measurement is performed at a set time with a timer (not shown) or the like, a series of automatic measurements may be started by the operator turning on the start switch.
- a timer not shown
- the thermal displacement correction means 43 executes the X-axis movement command 41a of the machining program 41 by the calculation control unit 42 according to the relative distance L between the spindle center and the cutting edge stored in the calculation means 40 or the thermal displacement correction means 43.
- This correction is, for example, correction for adding the difference between the spindle axis / cutting edge relative distance L and the design dimension to the command value.
- the thermal displacement correction means 43 has, for example, a relational setting means such as an arithmetic expression or a table for determining a correction amount for the calculation result of the calculation means 40, and the correction amount determined by using this means is used to determine the correction amount.
- the command value may be corrected.
- the relationship set by the relationship setting means may be a relationship such as a correction amount for the difference between the distance obtained by the calculation means 40 and the command value based on the actual driving result or the like.
- an appropriate thermal displacement correction can be performed by measuring at a set time such as every other hour or every set time in the day and updating the calculation result of the calculation means 40.
- FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the machine tool main body 1 of this machine tool is a turret moving type lathe, the headstock 5 is provided on the bed 3 in a fixed position, and the turret 7 is placed on the bed 3 with a radial feed base 4A and an axial feed.
- the base 27 is provided so as to be movable in the main shaft radial direction (X-axis direction) and the main shaft axis direction (Z-axis direction).
- the radial feed base 4 is installed on the X-axis guide 9 provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the horizontal main-axis radial direction, and is driven forward and backward by the X-axis moving mechanism 12.
- the axial feed base 27 is installed on a Z-axis guide 13 provided on the radial feed base 4 ⁇ / b> A so as to be movable in the direction of the spindle axis, and is driven forward and backward by the Z-axis moving mechanism 16.
- the tool post 7 is formed of a turret, and is installed on the axial feed base 27 so as to be rotatable around a horizontal rotation center T along the X-axis direction.
- the basic structure of the machine tool main body 1 other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the machine tool of this embodiment is also provided with the spindle side position measuring means 20 and the cutter side position measuring means 30 in the machine tool body 1.
- the spindle-side position measuring means 20 is a means for measuring the position of the axis O of the spindle in the spindle radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the first reference position P1, and includes a scale 21 and a reading unit 22.
- the scale 21 is a rod-shaped member, and a base portion 21a is attached to a position near the axis of the main shaft 6 in the main shaft radial direction of the main shaft 5 and extends from the base portion 21a along the main shaft radial direction.
- the base 21 a of the scale 21 is attached to the headstock 5, for example, on the upper surface, but may be attached to the lower surface or the front surface, or may be attached to the inside of the headstock 5.
- a scale 23 arranged in the radial direction of the spindle is provided at a position corresponding to the reading unit 22 on the surface of the scale 21 facing the reading unit 22.
- the reading unit 22 reads the scale 23 of the scale 21 and is attached to a specific position of the radial feed base 4 serving as the first reference position P1 via an attachment member 24A. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first reference position P1 is movable and moves together with the radial feed base 4.
- the specific position of the radial feed base 4A is, for example, the center position of the radial feed base 4 in the X-axis direction width.
- the tool-side position measuring means 30 is a means for detecting the position of the tool rest 7 in the principal axis radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the second reference position P2, and includes a scale 31 and a reading unit 32.
- the scale 31 is a rod-shaped member, and a base portion 31a is attached to the tool post 7 and extends from the base portion 31a along the main shaft radial direction.
- a scale 33 arranged in the radial direction of the spindle is attached to a predetermined range of the surface of the scale 31 facing the reading unit 32. The range to which the scale 33 is attached is the same range as described in the first embodiment.
- the reading unit 32 reads the scale 33 of the scale 31 and is installed at the second reference position P2.
- the second reference position P2 is set at a specific position on the axial feed base 27, and the reading unit 32 is attached to the axial feed base 27 via an attachment member (not shown) or directly. It is fixed.
- the specific position may be a position arbitrarily specified on the axial feed base 27, but in this embodiment, is the same X-direction position as the first reference position P1.
- the reading values of the reading unit 22 and the reading unit 32 are input to the calculation unit 40, and the calculation unit 40 calculates the thermal displacement amount ⁇ L1 (FIG. 6) in the spindle radial direction of the headstock 5 during machining with respect to normal temperature.
- the amount of thermal displacement ⁇ L2 (FIG. 6) in the spindle radial direction of the tool post 7 at the time of machining with respect to normal temperature is obtained, and these thermal displacement amounts ⁇ L1 and ⁇ L2 are determined as the relative distance L0 between the spindle axis and the cutting edge at normal temperature.
- the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge at the time of temperature rise during operation or the like is calculated.
- an accurate relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge can be obtained by adding a dimensional change due to thermal displacement to the relative distance L0 between the spindle axis and the cutting edge at normal temperature.
- FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the machine tool main body 1 of this machine tool is a lathe in which the spindle stock and the tool post move together.
- the head stock 5 is provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the main shaft radial direction (X-axis direction), and the tool post 7 is moved on the bed 3 in the main shaft axis direction (Z-axis direction) via the axial feed base 27B. It is provided as possible.
- the headstock 5 is installed on the X-axis guide 9 provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the horizontal main-axis radial direction, and is driven forward and backward by the X-axis moving mechanism 12.
- the axial feed base 28 is installed on the Z-axis guide 13 provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the direction of the spindle axis, and is driven forward and backward by the Z-axis moving mechanism 16.
- the tool post 7 is formed of a turret, and is installed on the axial feed base 27B so as to be rotatable around a horizontal rotation center T along the X-axis direction.
- the basic structure of the machine tool body 1 other than the above is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the machine tool of this embodiment is also provided with the spindle side position measuring means 20 and the cutter side position measuring means 30 in the machine tool body 1.
- the spindle-side position measuring means 20 is a means for measuring the position of the spindle axis O in the spindle radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the first reference position P1, and includes a scale 21 and a reading unit 22.
- the scale 21 is a rod-shaped member, and a base portion 21a is attached to a position near the axis of the main shaft 6 in the main shaft radial direction of the main shaft 5 and extends from the base portion 21a along the main shaft radial direction.
- the base 21 a of the scale 21 is attached to the headstock 5, for example, on the upper surface, but may be attached to the lower surface or the front surface, or may be attached to the inside of the headstock 5.
- a scale 23 arranged in the radial direction of the main axis is attached to a predetermined range of the surface of the scale 21 facing the reading unit 22.
- the range to which the scale 33 is attached is the same range as described in the first embodiment.
- the reading unit 22 reads the scale 23 of the scale 21, and is attached to the first reference position P ⁇ b> 1, which is a position on the bed 3, via the attachment member 24.
- the tool side position measuring means 30 is a means for detecting the position of the tool rest 7 in the principal axis radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the second reference position P2, and includes a scale 31 and a reading unit 32.
- the scale 31 is a round bar-like member, and a base 31a is attached to the center of the tool post 7, and extends from the base 31a through the hollow shaft 7c along the main shaft radial direction.
- a scale 33 arranged in the radial direction of the main shaft is attached to the entire circumference.
- the scale 31 rotates integrally with the tool post body 7b.
- the reading unit 32 reads the scale 33 of the scale 31 and is installed at the second reference position P2.
- the second reference position P2 is set to a specific position that is fixed with respect to the axial feed base 28, and the reading unit 32 is attached to the second reference position P2 on the axial feed base 28 at the mounting member 34B. It is fixed through.
- the specific position may be any position that is arbitrarily specified by fixing the position relative to the axial feed base 28. In this embodiment, the specific position is the same X-direction position as the first reference position P1.
- the reading values of the reading unit 22 and the reading unit 32 are input to the calculation unit 40 and the calculation unit 40 performs the same calculation process as described above, so that the spindle axis at normal temperature is obtained. -It is possible to obtain an accurate spindle axis-to-blade relative distance L in which a dimensional change due to thermal displacement is added to the relative distance L0 between the blade edges. Furthermore, by using the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, correction is performed by the thermal displacement correction means 43, so that correction can be made with high accuracy corresponding to the thermal displacement, and the processing accuracy is improved.
- FIG. 9 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the machine tool main body 1 of this machine tool is also a type of lathe in which the spindle stock and the tool post move together, but the spindle stock 5 is placed on the bed 3 in the direction of the spindle axis (as opposed to the third embodiment).
- the tool post 7 is provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the main shaft radial direction (X-axis direction) via a radial feed base 4C.
- the headstock 5 is installed on a Z-axis guide 13 provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the direction of the spindle axis, and is driven forward and backward by a Z-axis moving mechanism 16.
- the radial feed base 4C is installed on the X-axis guide 9 provided on the bed 3 so as to be movable in the horizontal main-axis radial direction, and is driven forward and backward by the X-axis moving mechanism 12.
- the tool post 7 is formed of a turret, and is installed on the radial feed base 4C so as to be rotatable around a horizontal rotation center T along the X-axis direction.
- the basic structure of the machine tool body 1 other than the above is the same as that of the first to third embodiments, and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the machine tool of this embodiment is also provided with the spindle side position measuring means 20 and the cutter side position measuring means 30 in the machine tool body 1.
- the spindle-side position measuring means 20 is a means for measuring the position of the spindle axis O in the spindle radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the first reference position P1, and includes a scale 21 and a reading unit 22.
- the scale 21 is a rod-like member, and a base portion 21a is attached to the bed 3 at a position near the axis of the main shaft 6 in the main shaft radial direction, and extends from the base portion 21a along the main shaft radial direction.
- a scale 23 arranged in the radial direction of the spindle is attached to a portion corresponding to the reading unit 22 on the surface of the scale 21 facing the reading unit 22.
- the reading unit 22 reads the scale 23 of the scale 21 and is attached to a specific position of the radial direction feed base 4C serving as the first reference position P1 via an attachment member 24C. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first reference position P1 is movable and moves together with the radial feed base 29.
- the specific position of the radial feed base 4C is, for example, the center position of the radial feed base 29 in the X-axis direction width.
- a pair of Z-axis guides 13 are provided on a plate-like base member 13a fixed on the bed 3, and a scale is provided on the front surface of the base member 13a via a space member 25.
- 21 base 21a is attached.
- the base 21a of the scale 21 may be attached to the upper surface of the base member 13a.
- the base member 13a constitutes a part of the bed 3, and specifically, the bed 3 includes a bed main body and a base member 13a provided thereon.
- the base 21a of the scale 21 may be directly attached to the bed 3 without providing the base member 13a.
- the tool-side position measuring means 30 is a means for detecting the position of the tool rest 7 in the principal axis radial direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the second reference position P2, and includes a scale 31 and a reading unit 32.
- the scale 31 is a rod-shaped member, and a base portion 31a is attached to the axial feed base 29, and extends from the base portion 31a along the main shaft radial direction.
- a scale 33 arranged in the radial direction of the spindle is attached to a predetermined range of the surface of the scale 31 facing the reading unit 32. The range to which the scale 33 is attached is the same range as described in the first embodiment.
- the reading unit 32 reads the scale 33 of the scale 31 and is installed at the second reference position P2.
- the second reference position P2 is set at a specific position on the axial feed base 29, and the reading unit 32 is connected to the second reference position P2 on the axial feed base 29 (not shown). Or directly fixed.
- the specific position may be a position arbitrarily specified on the axial feed base 27, but in this embodiment, is the same X-direction position as the first reference position P1.
- the reading values of the reading unit 22 and the reading unit 32 are input to the calculation unit 40 and the calculation unit 40 performs the same calculation process as described above, so that the spindle axis at normal temperature is obtained. -It is possible to obtain an accurate relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge in which a thermal displacement due to machining or the like is added to the relative distance L0 between the cutting edges. Furthermore, by using the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, correction is performed by the thermal displacement correction means 43, so that correction can be made with high accuracy corresponding to the thermal displacement, and the processing accuracy is improved.
- the spindle-side position measuring means 20 has the reading unit 22 at the first reference position P1 and the base 21a of the scale 21 in the vicinity of the spindle axis O.
- the base 21a of the scale 21 may be provided at the first reference position P1
- the reading unit 22 may be provided in the vicinity of the spindle axis O.
- the reading unit 32 is provided at the second reference position P ⁇ b> 2, and the base 31 a of the scale 31 is provided on the tool rest 7.
- the base 31a of the scale 31 may be provided at the second reference position P2, and the reading unit 32 may be provided on the tool post 7.
- the calculation means 40 calculates the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge, but the calculation means 40 does not necessarily calculate the relative distance L between the spindle axis and the cutting edge.
- a value used for correcting the movement amount of the spindle stock 5 and the tool rest 7 in the radial direction of the spindle for example, a correction amount for a feed amount command value may be calculated. Even in that case, since both the spindle axis position O and the position of the tool post 7 are measured, accurate correction can be performed, and as a result, the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge can be controlled with high accuracy. Improvements can be made.
- the tool post 7 is a turret type tool post has been described, but the tool post 7 may be of other types such as a comb tooth type.
- the machine tool is a lathe, but the present invention can also be applied when the machine tool is a drilling machine, a grinding machine, or the like.
- FIG. 11 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 in that the blade side position measuring means 30 is replaced with a scale 31 and a reading unit 32, and the temperature measurement shown in FIG.
- a blade side position measuring means 30A composed of the means 44 and the temperature corresponding blade side position calculating means 45 is provided.
- the temperature measuring means 44 is a means for measuring the temperature of the tool post 7 and is a thermometer such as a thermocouple.
- the temperature corresponding tool side position calculating means 45 calculates the position of the tool rest 7 in the radial direction of the spindle relative to the second reference position P2 from the temperature measurement value of the temperature measuring means 7.
- the temperature corresponding tool side position calculating means 45 has a relation setting means (not shown) including a table or an arithmetic expression in which the relation between the temperature measuring means 44 and the position of the tool rest 7 in the spindle radial direction is set. From the temperature measurement value of the measuring means 7 and the relation set in the relation setting means, the position of the tool rest 7 in the main spindle radial direction is calculated. Tables, arithmetic expressions, and the like set in the relationship setting means are determined by tests, simulations, and the like.
- the temperature-corresponding blade side position calculating means 45 is provided in the control device 2, for example, and is input to the calculating means 40 as a measurement result of the blade side position measuring means 30A.
- the second reference position P2 is, for example, the same position in the main shaft radial direction as the first reference position P1 on the bed 3. Other configurations in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the position of the tool post 7 in the radial direction of the spindle can be accurately obtained by measuring the temperature as described above. Therefore, also in this embodiment, it is possible to measure both the axis position of the spindle 6 and the position of the tool post 7 and accurately measure the relative distance between the spindle axis and the cutting edge.
Abstract
Description
この発明の他の目的は、前記工作機械に設けられる計測手段を、主軸台または刃物台の移動に対応して必要な位置計測を行える構成としつつ、なるべく低コストで製作できるようにすることである。
この発明のさらに他の目的は、前記機械の寸法変化に対して、主軸の軸心と工具の刃先間の距離を精度良く補正できるようにすることである。
前記主軸半径方向に延びるスケールおよびこのスケールを読み取る読取部からなり、これらスケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台またはこの主軸台と共に主軸半径方向に移動する部材における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が第1基準位置に設けられてこの第1基準位置に対する前記主軸半径方向の主軸軸心位置を計測する主軸側位置計測手段と、
前記主軸半径方向に延びるスケールおよびこのスケールを読み取る読取部からなり、これらスケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記刃物台またはこの刃物台と共に主軸半径方向に移動する部材に設置され、他方が第2基準位置に設けられてこの第2基準位置に対する前記刃物台の位置を計測する刃物側位置計測手段とを設け、
前記第1基準位置と第2基準位置とを前記主軸半径方向に対して互いに位置固定とし、
前記主軸側位置計測手段の読み取り値と前記刃物側位置計測手段の読み取り値とから前記主軸半径方向における前記主軸軸心と刃物台間の距離である主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離を演算し、または前記主軸台と刃物台との主軸半径方向の相対移動量の補正に用いる値を演算する演算手段を設けている。
このように、主軸軸心位置および刃物台の位置の両方を計測するようにしたため、主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離が精度良く計測できる。すなわち、主軸軸心位置および刃物台の位置は、いずれもベッドやベッド上の機械部分の熱変位によって変化する。この両方の位置の熱変位を計測するため、主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離が精度良く計測できる。
このように、主軸の軸心と工具の刃先間の主軸半径方向の距離を精度良く計測することができて、機械精度を左右する最大の要因である機械の寸法変化への処置が行え、加工精度の向上を図ることができる。
前記のように、主軸側位置計測手段の主軸側スケールにつき必要不可欠な最小の範囲にだけ目盛りを付ければ、主軸台の移動に対応して必要な位置計測を行うことができる。目盛りの範囲を最小にすることで、コスト低下が図れる。
一般的に、一日における工作機械の温度変化は、一定ではない。この発明では、その計測時の熱変位状態での主軸軸心位置・刃先位置間相対距離が正確に検出されることになる。したがって、適宜の時間をおいて計測を行い、計測後に前記熱変位補正手段による補正を行うことで、精度の良い加工が行える。
前記主軸半径方向に延びるスケールおよびこのスケールを読み取る読取部からなり、これらスケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台またはこの主軸台と共に主軸半径方向に移動する部材における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が第1基準位置に設けられてこの第1基準位置に対する前記主軸半径方向の主軸軸心位置を計測する主軸側位置計測手段と、
第2基準位置に対する前記主軸半径方向の前記刃物台の位置を計測する刃物側位置計測手段とを設け、
前記第1基準位置と第2基準位置とを前記主軸半径方向に対して互いに位置固定とし、
前記主軸側位置計測手段の読み取り値と前記刃物側位置計測手段の読み取り値とから前記主軸半径方向における前記主軸軸心と刃物台間の距離である主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離を演算し、または前記主軸台と刃物台との主軸半径方向の相対移動量の補正に用いる値を演算する演算手段を設けたことを特徴とする。
主軸側位置計測手段20は、スケール21の目盛り23を読取部22で読み取る。読取部22はベッド3上に位置固定に取付けられているため、読取部23の読取値から、スケール21が取付けられた送り台4の主軸半径方向位置が分かる。この送り台4の位置に、送り台4と主軸台5の位置関係を加えることで、主軸台5の主軸半径方向位置が分かる。すなわち、第1基準位置P1と主軸軸心Oとの間の距離L1が分かる。送り台4は加工時に主軸半径方向に移動するが、その移動量を別の検出手段(図示せず)で検出し、検出された移動量を加算することで、常に主軸台5の主軸半径方向位置を求めることができる。その主軸台5の主軸半径方向位置から、常温時に対する加工時の主軸半径方向の熱変位量ΔL1が求まる。
さらに、前記各実施形態では、いずれも刃物台7がタレット型の刃物台である場合につき説明したが、刃物台7は、櫛歯型等の他の形式のものであっても良い。
前記各実施形態は工作機械が旋盤であるが、この発明は工作機械がドリリングマシン、研削盤等である場合にも適用できる。
2 制御装置
3 ベッド
4 送り台
4A,4C 半径方向送り台
5 主軸台
6 主軸
7 刃物台
12 X軸移動機構
16 Z軸移動機構
17 チャック
18 工具
20 主軸側位置計測手段
21 スケール
21a 基部
22 読取部
24,24A,24C 取付部材
26 支持台
27,27B 軸方向送り台
30,30A 刃物側位置計測手段
31 スケール
31a 基部
32 読取部
34,34B 取付部材
40 演算手段
43 熱変位補正手段
44 温度計測手段
45 温度対応刃物側位置計算手段
L,L0 主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離
L1,L2 距離
ΔL1,ΔL2 熱変位量
O 主軸の軸心
P1 第1基準位置
P2 第2基準位置
W ワーク
Claims (9)
- ワークを把持するチャックを先端に有する主軸を回転自在に支持した主軸台と、工具が取付けられた刃物台とを、互いに主軸半径方向と主軸軸心方向とに相対的に移動可能にベッドに設置した工作機械であって、
前記主軸半径方向に延びるスケールおよびこのスケールを読み取る読取部からなり、これらスケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台またはこの主軸台と共に主軸半径方向に移動する部材における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が第1基準位置に設けられてこの第1基準位置に対する前記主軸半径方向の主軸軸心位置を計測する主軸側位置計測手段と、
前記主軸半径方向に延びるスケールおよびこのスケールを読み取る読取部からなり、これらスケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記刃物台またはこの刃物台と共に主軸半径方向に移動する部材に設置され、他方が第2基準位置に設けられてこの第2基準位置に対する前記刃物台の位置を計測する刃物側位置計測手段とを設け、
前記第1基準位置と第2基準位置とを前記主軸半径方向に対して互いに位置固定とし、
前記主軸側位置計測手段の読み取り値と前記刃物側位置計測手段の読み取り値とから前記主軸半径方向における前記主軸軸心と刃物台間の距離である主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離を演算し、または前記主軸台と刃物台との主軸半径方向の相対移動量の補正に用いる値を演算する演算手段を設けた、
工作機械。 - 前記主軸台は、ベッド上に前記主軸半径方向に移動可能に設けられた送り台に、主軸軸心方向に移動自在に搭載され、前記刃物台は前記ベッド上に位置固定に設けられ、
前記主軸側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記送り台における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が前記ベッド上に位置固定の第1基準位置に設けられ、
前記刃物側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が前記刃物台に取付けられ、他方が前記ベッド上に位置固定の第2基準位置に設けられた
請求項1記載の工作機械。 - 前記主軸台はベッド上に位置固定に設けられ、前記刃物台は、前記ベッド上に半径方向送り台および軸方向送り台を介して設置されて、前記半径方向送り台は前記ベッド上に前記主軸半径方向に移動可能に設けられ、前記軸方向送り台は前記半径方向送り台上に主軸軸心方向に移動自在に搭載され、前記刃物台は前記軸方向送り台に搭載され、
前記主軸側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が前記半径方向送り台上の位置となる第1基準位置に設けられ、
前記刃物側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記刃物台に取付けられ、他方が前記軸方向送り台上の位置となる第2基準位置に設けられた
請求項1記載の工作機械。 - 前記主軸台はベッド上に前記主軸半径方向に移動可能に設けられ、前記刃物台は、前記ベッド上に主軸軸心方向に移動自在に設けられた軸方向送り台に搭載され、
前記主軸側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が前記ベッド上に位置固定の第1基準位置に設けられ、
前記刃物側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記刃物台に取付けられ、他方が前記軸方向送り台上の位置となる第2基準位置に設けられた
請求項1記載の工作機械。 - 前記主軸台は、ベッド上に主軸軸心方向に移動可能に設けられ、前記刃物台は、前記ベッド上に前記主軸半径方向に移動可能に設置された半径方向送り台に搭載され、
前記主軸側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が前記半径方向送り台上の位置となる第1基準位置に設けられ、
前記刃物側位置計測手段は、前記スケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記刃物台に取付けられ、他方が前記半径方向送り台上の位置となる第2基準位置に設けられた
請求項1記載の工作機械。 - 前記主軸側位置計測手段のスケールは、前記チャックに把持され加工可能な最大径のワークの外径に前記刃物台の工具の刃先が接する位置に前記主軸台が位置するときに前記読取部が対応する位置から、前記主軸の軸心が前記工具の刃先と同じ前記主軸半径方向位置となるときに前記読取部が対応する位置である原点位置までの範囲に前記目盛りが付けられている請求項2または請求項4に記載の工作機械。
- 前記主軸側位置計測手段のスケールは、前記チャックに把持され加工可能な最大径のワークの外径に前記刃物台の工具の刃先が接する位置に前記刃物台が位置するときに前記読取部が対応する位置から、前記主軸の軸心が前記工具の刃先と同じ前記主軸半径方向位置となるときに前記読取部が対応する位置である原点位置までの範囲に前記目盛りが付けられている請求項3または請求項5に記載の工作機械。
- 移動命令の指令値に従って前記刃物台を前記主軸台に対して相対移動させる制御装置を設け、この制御装置に、前記指令値に対して、前記演算手段が求めた主軸軸心位置・刃先位置間相対距離によって補正を行う熱変位補正手段を設けた
請求項1に記載の工作機械。 - ワークを把持するチャックを先端に有する主軸を回転自在に支持した主軸台と、工具が取付けられた刃物台とを、互いに主軸半径方向と主軸軸心方向とに相対的に移動可能にベッドに設置した工作機械において、
前記主軸半径方向に延びるスケールおよびこのスケールを読み取る読取部からなり、これらスケールの基端および読取部のいずれか一方が、前記主軸台またはこの主軸台と共に主軸半径方向に移動する部材における前記主軸半径方向の前記主軸軸心の付近に設置され、他方が第1基準位置に設けられてこの第1基準位置に対する前記主軸半径方向の主軸軸心位置を計測する主軸側位置計測手段と、
第2基準位置に対する前記主軸半径方向の前記刃物台の位置を計測する刃物側位置計測手段とを設け、
前記第1基準位置と第2基準位置とを前記主軸半径方向に対して互いに位置固定とし、
前記主軸側位置計測手段の読み取り値と前記刃物側位置計測手段の読み取り値とから前記主軸半径方向における前記主軸軸心と刃物台間の距離である主軸軸心・刃先間相対距離を演算し、または前記主軸台と刃物台との主軸半径方向の相対移動量の補正に用いる値を演算する演算手段を設けた、
工作機械。
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TWI510874B (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-12-01 | Syntec Inc | 具有加工路徑修補功能的數值控制器及其加工路徑修補方法 |
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US8631727B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
KR101344892B1 (ko) | 2013-12-26 |
EP2481521A4 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
KR20120083551A (ko) | 2012-07-25 |
CN102666007A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
US20130104707A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
CN102666007B (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
EP2481521B1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
EP2481521A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
JP5515639B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
JP2011093069A (ja) | 2011-05-12 |
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