WO2011024250A1 - 非水電解液型リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解液型リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011024250A1 WO2011024250A1 PCT/JP2009/064717 JP2009064717W WO2011024250A1 WO 2011024250 A1 WO2011024250 A1 WO 2011024250A1 JP 2009064717 W JP2009064717 W JP 2009064717W WO 2011024250 A1 WO2011024250 A1 WO 2011024250A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- ion secondary
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
- additive
- Prior art date
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in high temperature storage stability.
- a lithium ion secondary battery includes positive and negative electrodes capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions, and an electrolyte interposed between the two electrodes, and the lithium ions in the electrolyte travel between the electrodes.
- Patent documents 1 to 3 can be cited as technical documents related to the high temperature storage stability of the battery.
- an electrolyte component (nonaqueous solvent, supporting salt, etc.) undergoes a reductive decomposition reaction on the negative electrode surface, which may deteriorate the battery.
- an electrolyte component nonaqueous solvent, supporting salt, etc.
- a reductive decomposition reaction on the negative electrode surface, which may deteriorate the battery.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- Patent Document 1 describes that by adding a predetermined additive to the electrolytic solution, the rate of increase in internal resistance can be reduced and high-temperature storage stability can be improved.
- the effect of improving the high-temperature storage stability may be insufficient or unstable by simply adding such an additive to the electrolytic solution.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for stably producing a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in high temperature storage stability.
- the present inventor after assembling a lithium ion secondary battery using an electrolytic solution containing a certain kind of additive, treating the assembled battery under specific conditions, thereby stabilizing a higher level of high-temperature storage stability. As a result, the present invention was completed.
- a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt as a supporting salt in an organic solvent.
- the manufacturing method includes a step of assembling a lithium ion secondary battery using the electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is at least one selected from carboxylic anhydride and dicarboxylic acid as additive A; and additive B is vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl And at least one selected from ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite, and fluoroethylene carbonate.
- the manufacturing method also includes a step of performing initial charging on the assembled battery, and an aging process by holding the battery at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher for 6 hours or longer.
- the stability of the SEI film formed on the negative electrode surface is improved and the internal resistance is reduced as compared with that before the aging treatment. Can be reduced.
- the durability of the battery against subsequent high-temperature storage can be enhanced. Therefore, according to this manufacturing method, a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in high-temperature storage stability can be provided.
- the aging treatment step is performed by holding the battery at the temperature for 40 to 50 hours.
- the stability of the SEI film is further improved, and a lithium ion secondary battery that is superior in high-temperature storage stability can be provided.
- the aging treatment step is performed while holding the battery at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C.
- the stability of the SEI film is further improved, and a lithium ion secondary battery that is superior in high-temperature storage stability can be provided.
- a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in high temperature storage stability can be realized.
- Such a battery is suitable as a battery mounted on a vehicle that can be left at a high temperature. Therefore, according to the present invention, a lithium ion secondary battery manufactured by any of the methods disclosed herein and a vehicle including the lithium ion secondary battery are provided.
- a vehicle for example, an automobile
- a lithium ion secondary battery as a power source typically, a power source of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an outer shape of a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in internal resistance with respect to the aging processing time of the lithium ion secondary battery according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in internal resistance with respect to the aging temperature of the lithium ion secondary battery according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a side view schematically showing a vehicle (automobile) provided with the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing the shape of a 18650 type lithium ion battery.
- the technology disclosed herein includes an electrode body having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing additive A and additive B in an organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent) in addition to a lithium salt as a supporting salt, It can apply to the lithium ion secondary battery provided with.
- a lithium salt used as a supporting salt in a general lithium ion secondary battery can be appropriately selected and used.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiCF 3 SO 3 and the like.
- These supporting salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a particularly preferred example is LiPF 6 .
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferably prepared so that the concentration of the supporting salt is within a range of 0.7 to 1.3 mol / L, for example.
- an organic solvent used for a general lithium ion secondary battery can be appropriately selected and used.
- Particularly preferred non-aqueous solvents include carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and propylene carbonate (PC). These organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. For example, EC, DMC, and EMC mixed at a volume ratio of 2 to 5: 2 to 5: 2 to 5 can be used.
- 1 type selected from a carboxylic acid anhydride and dicarboxylic acid can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the carboxylic acid anhydride include maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, phenyl succinic anhydride, and 2-phenylglutaric anhydride.
- a particularly preferred carboxylic acid anhydride is maleic anhydride.
- dicarboxylic acid oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, citraconic acid, glutaric acid, diglycolic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, phenylsuccinic acid, 2-phenylglutaric acid and the like are preferably used.
- An especially preferable dicarboxylic acid is exemplified by oxalic acid.
- the total amount of additive A contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably in the range of about 0.05 to 5% by mass (more preferably about 0.1 to 1% by mass).
- the additive B one kind selected from vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite, and fluoroethylene carbonate can be used alone, or two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- the amount of additive B contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably in the range of about 0.05 to 5% by mass (more preferably about 0.1 to 1% by mass).
- the mass ratio of the additive A and the additive B contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferably about 1: 4 to 4: 1 (more preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1).
- the additive A is maleic anhydride and the additive B is VC
- the above mass ratio (addition amount ratio) can be preferably employed.
- the technique disclosed herein can be preferably applied to the manufacture of a lithium ion secondary battery using such a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the manufacturing method includes a step of assembling a battery by housing the electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte in a battery case; initial charging (preliminary charging process) is performed on the assembled battery until a predetermined potential value is reached. And a step of subjecting the battery, which has been initially charged, to an aging treatment by holding it for a predetermined time in a predetermined temperature range.
- a lithium ion secondary battery 100 having a configuration in which an electrode body and a non-aqueous electrolyte are accommodated in a rectangular battery case with respect to a method for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention with reference to the drawings (FIG. 1).
- the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. That is, the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and the battery case, electrode body, and the like can be appropriately selected in terms of material, shape, size, and the like according to the application and capacity.
- the battery case may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a flat shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like.
- a method of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery disclosed herein assembles a battery by housing an electrode body including a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and the non-aqueous electrolyte in a battery case.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment that is, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 to which the technology disclosed herein is applied, shows a wound electrode body 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the battery is housed inside the opening 12 of the flat box-shaped battery case 10 corresponding to the shape of the electrode body 20 together with the electrolyte solution, and the opening 12 of the case 10 is closed by the lid 14.
- the lid body 14 is provided with a positive terminal 38 and a negative terminal 48 for external connection so that a part of the terminals protrudes to the surface side of the lid body 14.
- the electrode body 20 includes a positive electrode sheet 30 in which a positive electrode active material layer 34 is formed on the surface of a long sheet-like positive electrode current collector 32, and a negative electrode active material layer on the surface of a long sheet-like negative electrode current collector 42.
- the negative electrode sheet 40 on which the electrode 44 is formed is rolled up with two long sheet-like separators 50, and the obtained wound body is crushed from the side surface and ablated to form a flat shape. ing.
- the positive electrode sheet 30 is formed such that the positive electrode active material layer 34 is not provided (or removed) at one end along the longitudinal direction, and the positive electrode current collector 32 is exposed.
- the wound negative electrode sheet 40 is not provided with (or removed from) the negative electrode active material layer 44 at one end along the longitudinal direction so that the negative electrode current collector 42 is exposed. Is formed.
- the positive electrode terminal 38 is joined to the exposed end portion of the positive electrode current collector 32, and the negative electrode terminal 48 is joined to the exposed end portion of the negative electrode current collector 42, respectively.
- the positive electrode sheet 30 or the negative electrode sheet 40 is electrically connected.
- the positive and negative terminals 38 and 48 and the positive and negative current collectors 32 and 42 can be joined by, for example, ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, or the like.
- an initial charging process is performed on the battery 100 assembled as described above.
- an external power source is connected between the positive electrode (positive electrode terminal 38) and the negative electrode (negative electrode terminal 48) of the battery, and the voltage between the terminals is predetermined at room temperature (typically about 25 ° C.).
- the preliminary charging process is performed until the value is reached.
- the predetermined inter-terminal voltage value is preferably in the range of 2.5V to 4.2V, and more preferably in the range of 3.0V to 4.1V.
- charging is performed at a constant current of about 0.1 C to 10 C from the start of charging until the voltage between terminals reaches a predetermined value, and then SOC (State of Charge) is about 60% to 100%.
- CC-CV charging constant-current constant-voltage charging
- the charging rate is 1 / 3C or less (typically 1 / 20C to 1 / 3C) from the start of charging to at least SOC 20%, and then the voltage between terminals reaches a predetermined value.
- the battery may be charged with a constant current of about 0.1 C to 10 C until it reaches, and further charged with a constant voltage until the SOC reaches about 60% to 100%.
- a voltmeter is connected between the positive electrode terminal 38 and the negative electrode terminal 48 in the lithium ion secondary battery 100, the measured voltage value is monitored by the voltmeter, and a predetermined predetermined value is set. It may be terminated when the voltage value is reached.
- a discharging process may be performed at a current value approximately equal to the charging rate during the constant current charging, and then charging is performed at a rate approximately equal to the current value.
- the discharge cycle may be repeated several times. Alternatively, the charge / discharge cycle may be repeated several times at a rate different from the charge / discharge rate of the charge / discharge cycle.
- the battery 100 subjected to the initial charge is held (for example, left) at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher for 6 hours or longer (preferably 30 hours or longer, more preferably 40 hours or longer).
- the aging temperature is preferably about 35 ° C. to 85 ° C. (more preferably 40 ° C. to 80 ° C., still more preferably 50 ° C. to 70 ° C.). If the aging temperature is too lower than the above range, the effect of reducing the initial internal resistance may not be sufficient.
- the nonaqueous solvent and the supporting salt may be decomposed to deteriorate the electrolytic solution and increase the internal resistance.
- the upper limit of the aging time is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds about 50 hours, the decrease in the initial internal resistance becomes remarkably slow, and the resistance value may hardly change. Therefore, from the viewpoint of cost reduction, the aging time is preferably about 6 to 50 hours (more preferably 30 to 50 hours, still more preferably 40 to 50 hours).
- a conventionally known heating means can be preferably used.
- a heat source such as an infrared heater may be brought into direct contact with the lithium ion secondary battery 100 and heated to a high temperature range.
- the battery 100 may be held at the aging temperature by storing the battery 100 in a heating container such as a thermostat and maintaining (controlling) the inside of the container at a predetermined temperature within the above range.
- a lithium ion secondary battery after initial charging is subjected to aging treatment in a high temperature range (for example, 40 ° C. to 80 ° C.) before aging treatment or at room temperature.
- the internal resistance tends to increase as compared with the aging.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution having the composition disclosed herein the internal resistance is reduced by aging treatment in a high temperature region, contrary to the above-mentioned normal tendency, an unexpected effect found by the present inventor. It is.
- the compound produced by reductive decomposition or polymerization of the non-aqueous electrolyte components (organic solvent, supporting salt, additive A, additive B, etc.) (which can also be grasped as initial deterioration) is the negative electrode surface. It adheres as a SEI film.
- the SEI film can be thin.
- the initial internal resistance of the battery 100 can be kept low, and further deterioration of the non-aqueous electrolyte component can be suppressed. Further, even when stored at a high temperature for a long period of time, the increase in the internal resistance is kept at a low level corresponding to the reduction in the initial internal resistance, which can contribute to the realization of better high-temperature storage stability.
- the positive electrode active material layer 34 includes, for example, a paste or slurry composition (positive electrode mixture) in which a positive electrode active material is dispersed in an appropriate solvent together with a conductive material, a binder (binder), and the like as necessary. It can preferably be produced by applying to the positive electrode current collector 32 and drying the composition.
- a paste or slurry composition positive electrode mixture
- a positive electrode active material is dispersed in an appropriate solvent together with a conductive material, a binder (binder), and the like as necessary. It can preferably be produced by applying to the positive electrode current collector 32 and drying the composition.
- the positive electrode active material a positive electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium is used, and one or more of materials conventionally used in lithium ion secondary batteries (for example, oxides having a layered structure or oxides having a spinel structure) are used.
- materials conventionally used in lithium ion secondary batteries for example, oxides having a layered structure or oxides having a spinel structure
- examples thereof include lithium-containing composite oxides such as lithium nickel composite oxides, lithium cobalt composite oxides, lithium manganese composite oxides, and lithium magnesium composite oxides.
- the lithium nickel-based composite oxide is an oxide having lithium (Li) and nickel (Ni) as constituent metal elements, and at least one other metal element (that is, Li and nickel) in addition to lithium and nickel.
- the metal element other than Li and Ni include, for example, cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), magnesium (Mg), and titanium (Ti ), Zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin (Sn), lanthanum (La) And one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of cerium (Ce).
- an olivine type lithium phosphate represented by the general formula LiMPO 4 (M is at least one element of Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe; for example, LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 ) is used as the positive electrode active material. Also good.
- the amount of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture can be, for example, about 80 to 95% by mass.
- a conductive powder material such as carbon powder or carbon fiber is preferably used.
- carbon powder various carbon blacks such as acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black, and graphite powder are preferable.
- a conductive material can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture may be appropriately selected according to the type and amount of the positive electrode active material, and may be, for example, about 4 to 15% by mass.
- a water-soluble polymer that dissolves in water for example, a water-soluble polymer that dissolves in water, a polymer that disperses in water, a polymer that dissolves in a non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent), and the like can be selected as appropriate. Moreover, only 1 type may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used in combination.
- the water-soluble polymer include carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It is done.
- water-dispersible polymer examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), ethylene-tetra Fluorine resins such as fluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene butadiene block copolymer (SBR), acrylic acid-modified SBR resin (SBR latex), rubbers such as gum arabic, etc. It is done.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- EFE ethylene-tetra Fluorine resins
- ETFE fluoroethylene copolymer
- SBR s
- Examples of the polymer dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent) include, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), and polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer. (PEO-PPO) and the like.
- the addition amount of the binder may be appropriately selected according to the type and amount of the positive electrode active material, and can be, for example, about 1 to 5% by mass of the positive electrode mixture.
- a conductive member made of a metal having good conductivity is preferably used.
- aluminum or an alloy containing aluminum as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector 32 may vary depending on the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery, and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape.
- a sheet-like aluminum positive electrode current collector 32 is used, and can be preferably used for the lithium ion secondary battery 100 including the wound electrode body 20.
- an aluminum sheet having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the negative electrode active material layer 44 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 42 made of a paste or slurry composition (negative electrode mixture) in which a negative electrode active material is dispersed in an appropriate solvent together with a binder (binder) and the like. And the composition can be preferably prepared by drying.
- a carbon particle is mentioned as a suitable negative electrode active material.
- a particulate carbon material (carbon particles) containing a graphite structure (layered structure) at least partially is preferably used. Any carbon material of a so-called graphitic material (graphite), non-graphitizable carbon material (hard carbon), easily graphitized carbon material (soft carbon), or a combination of these materials is preferably used. obtain.
- graphite particles such as natural graphite can be preferably used. Since the graphite particles can suitably occlude lithium ions as charge carriers, they are excellent in conductivity.
- the particle size is small and the surface area per unit volume is large, it can be a negative electrode active material more suitable for rapid charge / discharge (for example, high output discharge).
- the amount of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 90 to 99% by mass, more preferably about 95 to 99% by mass.
- the same positive electrode as that described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the binder may be appropriately selected according to the type and amount of the negative electrode active material, and can be, for example, about 1 to 5% by mass of the negative electrode mixture.
- a conductive member made of a highly conductive metal is preferably used.
- copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the negative electrode current collector 42 may vary depending on the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery and the like, so there is no particular limitation, and various shapes such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape possible.
- a sheet-like copper negative electrode current collector 42 is used, and can be preferably used for the lithium ion secondary battery 100 including the wound electrode body 20.
- a copper sheet having a thickness of about 6 to 30 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the separator 50 is a sheet interposed between the positive electrode sheet 30 and the negative electrode sheet 40, and is disposed so as to be in contact with the positive electrode active material layer 34 of the positive electrode sheet 30 and the negative electrode active material layer 44 of the negative electrode sheet 40. Is done. Then, short-circuit prevention due to the contact between the electrode active material layers 34 and 44 in the positive electrode sheet 30 and the negative electrode sheet 40, and a conductive path (conductive path) between the electrodes by impregnating the electrolyte in the pores of the separator 50. ).
- a porous sheet microporous resin sheet
- a resin made of a resin
- Porous polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene are preferred.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- polystyrene polystyrene
- a PE sheet, a PP sheet, a two-layer structure sheet in which a PE layer and a PP layer are laminated, and the like can be suitably used.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably set within a range of about 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, for example.
- Example 1 and 2 As the positive electrode mixture, positive electrode active material powder, acetylene black (conductive material), and PVDF (binder) are mixed so that the mass ratio is 85: 10: 5 and the solid content concentration (NV) is about 50%. -Mix-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was mixed to prepare a slurry composition.
- the positive electrode active material powdered lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) having an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m, a specific surface area of 1 m 2 / g, and a theoretical discharge capacity of 90 mA / g was used.
- This positive electrode mixture was applied to both sides of a 15 ⁇ m-thick long aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) so that the total application amount on both surfaces was 240 g / m 2 (NV standard). After drying this, it was pressed to a total thickness of about 110 ⁇ m to obtain a positive electrode sheet.
- a negative electrode mixture natural graphite, SBR, and CMC were mixed with ion-exchanged water so that the mass ratio was 98: 1: 1 and NV was about 45% to prepare a slurry composition.
- This negative electrode mixture was applied to both surfaces of a long copper foil (negative electrode current collector) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m so that the total coating amount on both surfaces was 80 g / m 2 (NV standard). This was dried and then pressed so that the total thickness was about 65 ⁇ m to obtain a negative electrode sheet.
- a LiPF 6 solution having a concentration of 1 mol / L was prepared, and maleic anhydride (additive A) was added thereto.
- VC additive B
- additive B additive B
- a 18650 type (cylindrical type having a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm) lithium ion secondary battery 200 was manufactured by the following procedure. That is, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet were laminated together with the two separators, and the laminate was wound in the longitudinal direction to produce a wound electrode body. The electrode body was housed in a cylindrical container together with the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the container was sealed to construct a battery.
- Examples 3 to 4 Batteries according to Example 3 and Example 4 were obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that the additive A was not added to the electrolytic solution.
- Examples 5 to 6 Batteries according to Example 5 and Example 6 were obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that the additive B was not added to the electrolytic solution.
- Examples 7 to 8 Batteries according to Example 7 and Example 8 were obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that neither additive A nor additive B was added to the electrolytic solution.
- Each battery of Examples 1, 3, 5, and 7 was subjected to an aging treatment that was held at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Each battery of Examples 2, 4, 6, and 8 was subjected to an aging treatment that was held at room temperature (23 ° C.) for 24 hours.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the batteries of Examples 1 to 8 together with the amounts of additives A and B used and the aging treatment conditions.
- Example 2 [Correlation test between aging time and internal resistance] A battery manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 was fixed at a temperature of 60 ° C., subjected to aging treatment with a time varying between 6 and 60 hours, and the IV resistance value after the treatment at each time setting was set as described above. Measured by the method. The aging treatment time was set in increments of 6 hours from 6 hours to 60 hours. The result is shown in FIG. When the temperature was fixed at room temperature (23 ° C.), the IV resistance value remained almost unchanged at 49% even when the aging treatment was performed with the time varied between 6 and 60 hours.
- the battery of Example 7 aged at 60 ° C. for 24 hours was at room temperature. It was confirmed that the internal resistance value was higher than that of the battery of Example 8 which had been aged for the same time, and the high temperature storage stability was poor. More specifically, as compared with the battery of Example 8, the battery of Example 7 had both higher initial internal resistance and internal resistance after storage at 60 ° C. for 30 days, and the increase in resistance due to storage was also larger.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、本発明者の検討によれば、かかる添加剤を単純に電解液に加えるだけでは、高温保存性の向上効果が不十分または不安定となる場合があった。
上記添加剤A,Bを含む組成の電解液を用いてなる電池では、上記エージング処理を行うことにより、エージング処理前と比べ、負極表面に形成されたSEI膜の安定性を高め、内部抵抗を低減することができる。このように電池を製造する過程で(すなわち出荷前に)いったん内部抵抗を低減させることにより、その後の高温保存に対する電池の耐久性を高めることができる。したがって、かかる製造方法によると、高温保存性に優れたリチウムイオン二次電池が提供され得る。
カルボン酸無水物としては、例えば、無水マレイン酸、無水コハク酸、無水シトラコン酸、無水グルタル酸、ジグリコール酸無水物、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物、無水フェニルコハク酸、無水2-フェニルグルタル酸等が好ましく使用される。特に好ましいカルボン酸無水物として、無水マレイン酸が例示される。
上記ジカルボン酸としては、シュウ酸、マロン酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸、シトラコン酸、グルタル酸、ジグリコール酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、フェニルコハク酸、2-フェニルグルタル酸等が好ましく使用される。特に好ましいジカルボン酸として、シュウ酸が例示される。
上記非水電解液に含まれる添加剤Aの総量は、凡そ0.05~5質量%(より好ましくは、凡そ0.1~1質量%)の範囲にあることが好ましい。
上記非水電解液に含まれる添加剤Bの量は、凡そ0.05~5質量%(より好ましくは、凡そ0.1~1質量%)の範囲にあることが好ましい。
上記非水電解液に含まれる添加剤Aと添加剤Bとの質量比は、1:4~4:1(より好ましくは1:2~2:1)程度とすることが好ましい。例えば、添加剤Aが無水マレイン酸、添加剤BがVCの場合に、上記質量比(添加量比)を好ましく採用することができる。
上記所定の端子間電圧値は、2.5V~4.2Vの範囲内であることが好ましく、特に3.0V~4.1Vの範囲内にあることが好ましい。上記初期充電工程は、例えば、充電開始から端子間電圧が所定値に到達するまで0.1C~10C程度の定電流で充電し、次いでSOC(State of Charge)が60%~100%程度となるまで定電圧で充電する定電流定電圧充電(CC-CV充電)により行うことができる。あるいは、充電開始から少なくともSOC20%に至るまでの間は1/3C以下(典型的には、1/20C~1/3C)の充電レート(電流値)で行い、次いで端子間電圧が所定値に到達するまで0.1C~10C程度の定電流で充電し、さらにSOCが60%~100%程度となるまで定電圧で充電してもよい。
本発明を実施する上で、上述の初期充電工程およびエージング処理工程のそれぞれで起こっている現象について解明する必要はないが、以下のようなことが考えられる。
上記初期充電工程において、非水電解液成分(有機溶媒、支持塩、添加剤A、添加剤B等)の還元分解や重合等(初期劣化とも把握され得る。)により生成した化合物が、負極表面にSEI膜として付着する。ここで、室温より高い温度で所定時間保持する上記エージング処理を施すことで上記SEI膜の改質や電解液への一部溶出等が起こり、該SEI膜の均質性や安定性が向上し得る。あるいは、該SEI膜の膜厚が薄くなり得る。これにより、電池100の初期内部抵抗を低く抑えることができ、また更なる非水電解液成分の劣化を抑制することができる。そして、長期間の高温保存によっても、この初期内部抵抗の低減分、内部抵抗の増加が低め水準で推移することが、より優れた高温保存性の実現に寄与し得る。
上記正極活物質層34は、例えば、正極活物質を、必要に応じて導電材、結着剤(バインダ)等とともに適当な溶媒に分散させたペーストまたはスラリー状の組成物(正極合材)を正極集電体32に付与し、該組成物を乾燥させることにより好ましく作製することができる。
ここで、リチウムニッケル系複合酸化物とは、リチウム(Li)とニッケル(Ni)とを構成金属元素とする酸化物のほか、リチウムおよびニッケル以外に他の少なくとも一種の金属元素(すなわち、LiとNi以外の遷移金属元素および/または典型金属元素)を、原子数換算でニッケルと同程度またはニッケルよりも少ない割合(典型的にはニッケルよりも少ない割合)で構成金属元素として含む酸化物をも包含する意味である。上記LiおよびNi以外の金属元素は、例えば、コバルト(Co),アルミニウム(Al),マンガン(Mn),クロム(Cr),鉄(Fe),バナジウム(V),マグネシウム(Mg),チタン(Ti),ジルコニウム(Zr),ニオブ(Nb),モリブデン(Mo),タングステン(W),銅(Cu),亜鉛(Zn),ガリウム(Ga),インジウム(In),スズ(Sn),ランタン(La)およびセリウム(Ce)からなる群から選択される一種または二種以上の金属元素であり得る。なお、リチウムコバルト系複合酸化物、リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物およびリチウムマグネシウム系複合酸化物についても同様の意味である。
また、一般式がLiMPO4(MはCo、Ni、Mn、Feのうちの少なくとも一種以上の元素;例えばLiFePO4、LiMnPO4)で表記されるオリビン型リン酸リチウムを上記正極活物質として用いてもよい。
正極合材に含まれる正極活物質の量は、例えば、80~95質量%程度とすることができる。
正極合材に含まれる導電材の量は、正極活物質の種類や量に応じて適宜選択すればよく、例えば、4~15質量%程度とすることができる。
水溶性ポリマーとしては、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、メチルセルロース(MC)、酢酸フタル酸セルロース(CAP)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート(HPMCP)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)等が挙げられる。
水分散性ポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン-パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重含体(PFA)、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、エチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)等のフッ素系樹脂、酢酸ビニル共重合体、スチレンブタジエンブロック共重合体(SBR)、アクリル酸変性SBR樹脂(SBR系ラテックス)、アラビアゴム等のゴム類等が挙げられる。
非水溶媒(有機溶媒)に溶解するポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリ塩化ビニリデン(PVDC)、ポリエチレンオキサイド(PEO)、ポリプロピレンオキサイド(PPO)、ポリエチレンオキサイド-プロピレンオキサイド共重合体(PEO-PPO)等が挙げられる。
結着剤の添加量は、正極活物質の種類や量に応じて適宜選択すればよく、例えば、上記正極合材の1~5質量%程度とすることができる。
負極合材に含まれる負極活物質の量は特に限定されないが、好ましくは90~99質量%程度、より好ましくは95~99質量%程度である。
<例1~2>
正極合材として、正極活物質粉末と、アセチレンブラック(導電材)と、PVDF(バインダ)とを、質量比が85:10:5、固形分濃度(NV)が約50%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)と混合して、スラリー状の組成物を調製した。ここで、正極活物質としては、平均粒径7μm、比表面積1m2/g、理論放電容量90mA/gの粉末状のリチウムマンガン酸化物(LiMn2O4)を使用した。
この正極合材を、厚さ15μmの長尺状アルミニウム箔(正極集電体)の両面に、それら両面の合計塗布量が240g/m2(NV基準)となるように塗布した。これを乾燥後、全体の厚みが約110μmとなるようにプレスして正極シートを得た。
セパレータとして、厚さ20μmの長尺状の多孔質ポリエチレンシートを二枚用意した。
構築した上記電池に対して、1/10Cのレートで3時間の定電流充電を行い、次いで、1/3Cのレートで4.1Vまで充電する操作と、1/3Cのレートで3.0Vまで放電させる操作とを3回繰り返し、例1に係る電池を得た。
例1と同様にして、例2に係る電池を得た。
電解液に添加剤Aを加えなかった他は例1と同様にして、例3および例4に係る電池をそれぞれ得た。
<例5~6>
電解液に添加剤Bを加えなかった他は例1と同様にして、例5および例6に係る電池をそれぞれ得た。
<例7~8>
電解液に添加剤Aおよび添加剤Bのいずれも加えなかった他は例1と同様にして、例7および例8に係る電池をそれぞれ得た。
例1、3、5、7の各電池に対し、60℃で24時間保持するエージング処理を施した。
例2、4、6、8の各電池に対し、室温(23℃)で24時間保持するエージング処理を施した。
エージング処理後の各電池を、SOC(State of Charge)60%に調整し、25℃にて、0.2A、0.4A、0.6A、1.2Aの各電流(I)を流して10秒後の電池電圧(V)を測定した。各電池に流した電流値I(X軸)と電圧値V(Y軸)とを直線回帰し、その傾きから初期IV抵抗(mΩ)を求めた。
各電池を、SOC80%に調整し、室温(23℃)にて、SOCが0%となるまで1/3CでCC放電させ、このときの放電容量を測定し、初期容量値とした。
各電池につき、60℃で30日間保存した後、初期容量の測定と同様にして保存後の放電容量を測定した。容量維持率(%)を、初期容量に対する保存後の放電容量の百分率として求めた。
[内部抵抗増加量の測定]
上記保存後の各電池につき、初期内部抵抗の測定と同様にして保存後のIV抵抗値(mΩ)を測定した。内部抵抗増加量(mΩ)を、初期IV抵抗値と保存後のIV抵抗値との差として求めた。
例1と同様にして作製した電池に対し、温度を60℃に固定し、時間を6~60時間の間で異ならせてエージング処理を施し、各時間設定における処理後のIV抵抗値を上述の方法で測定した。エージング処理時間は、6時間から60時間まで6時間刻みで設定した。その結果を図3に示す。
なお、温度を室温(23℃)に固定した場合、時間を6~60時間の間で異ならせてエージング処理を施しても、IV抵抗値は49%のままほとんど変動しなかった。
例1と同様にして作製した電池に対し、時間を24時間に固定し、温度を30℃~90℃の間で異ならせてエージング処理を施し、各温度設定における処理後のIV抵抗値を上述の方法で測定した。エージング温度は、30℃~90℃まで10℃刻みで設定した。その結果を図4に示す。
60℃でエージングを行うと室温保存に比べて内部抵抗値および高温保存性が低下するという上記の傾向は、添加剤Aを単独で用いた(すなわち添加剤Bを使用しない)例3,4の電池、および、添加剤Bを単独で用いた(すなわち添加剤Aを使用しない)例5,6の電池でも同様であった。
また、図4に示されるように、例1と同様にして作製した電池を、30℃~90℃で24時間エージングさせた場合、30℃では室温で同時間保持した場合と比べ、初期抵抗に変化はなかった。
20 捲回電極体
30 正極シート
32 正極集電体
34 正極活物質層
38 正極端子
40 負極シート
42 負極集電体
44 負極活物質層
48 負極端子
50 セパレータ
100,200 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (5)
- リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な正負の電極と、リチウム塩を有機溶媒中に含む非水電解液と、を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記製造方法は:
以下の成分:
支持塩としてのリチウム塩;
添加剤Aとして、カルボン酸無水物およびジカルボン酸から選択される少なくとも一種;および、
添加剤Bとして、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、エチレンサルファイト、およびフルオロエチレンカーボネートから選択される少なくとも一種;
を有機溶媒中に含む非水電解液と、前記正負の電極と、を用いてリチウムイオン二次電池を組み立てる工程;
前記組み立てた電池に対して、所定電圧値まで初期充電を行う工程;および、
前記電池を、35℃以上の温度で6時間以上保持してエージング処理する工程;
を含む、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記エージング処理工程において、前記電池を、前記温度で40~50時間保持する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記エージング処理工程において、前記電池を、40~80℃の温度で前記時間保持する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造された、リチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を備える、車両。
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KR101364828B1 (ko) | 2014-02-19 |
CN102549831A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
US8597837B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 |
JPWO2011024250A1 (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
US20120141869A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
KR20120061917A (ko) | 2012-06-13 |
JP5408509B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
CN102549831B (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
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