Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B39/14—Guiding, positioning or aligning work
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
  • B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
  • B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
  • B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
  • B21B13/06—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories with axes of rolls arranged vertically, e.g. edgers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
  • B21B2001/028—Slabs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B15/0007—Cutting or shearing the product
  • B21B2015/0014—Cutting or shearing the product transversely to the rolling direction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B39/14—Guiding, positioning or aligning work
  • B21B39/16—Guiding, positioning or aligning work immediately before entering or after leaving the pass
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B45/004—Heating the product
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
  • B21B45/06—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing of strip material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
  • B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/45—Scale remover or preventor
  • Y10T29/4517—Rolling deformation or deflection

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for processing a slab in a device having at least one furnace, at least one downstream of the furnace in the conveying direction of the slab processing device and one of the at least one processing device in the conveying direction of the slab downstream rolling mill, wherein means are present a force may be exerted on the sides of the slab to move the axis of the slab in accordance with a predetermined position transverse to the conveying direction of the slab, in particular in conformity with the axis of the rolling train. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for processing a slab.
• a strip from a slab for example a thin slab
• it is transported in a conveying direction through the processing system.
• a tunnel furnace roller hearth furnace
• the slab can run laterally.
• Subsequent threading into the finishing train becomes more difficult due to this offset.
• a stuffer is often provided before the finishing train.
• side guides are typically arranged to direct the slab to the axis of the rolling train.
• the stuffer or the mechanical guides must therefore be wide open at the head and are usually adjusted to a narrower guide position only after the safe threading in the first horizontal stand of the finishing train. Because of the unfavorable conditions or because of the risk that slabs get stuck on the stuffer, the stuffer at the top of the slab is not used.
• DE 601 01 340 T2 discloses a generic method and a corresponding device. After this, a slab centering is provided in the last oven part. Here, guide rollers are briefly driven into the furnace, which contact the side of the slab and exert a force on it, thus centering the slab. However, this is a very maintenance-intensive procedure, since the guides are often exposed to the high furnace temperatures. The disadvantage here is also that the furnace atmosphere is adversely affected by the constant lateral opening of the furnace to the entry of the rollers. Increased scale caking on the oven rolls and additional slab scaling are the result. Despite being centered in the oven, there is still a risk that the slab will be laterally behind the oven, ie behind the oven in the conveying direction. In S-shaped or saber-shaped slab shape achievable with the known solution centering is also limited.
• the DE 43 10 547 C2 also discloses a solution for centering a slab, but also here several and long rulers are used, which in this case are not eligible for the above reason before the finishing mill.
• a similar solution is also apparent from JP 63101004 A.
• the present invention is based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned above and a corresponding device with which it is possible with simple means just before the rolling mill, especially in front of the finishing mill to center the slab exactly to lead and in particular to allow a secure upsetting over the entire slab length. Furthermore, a problem-free rolling at the top and at the end of the slab should be ensured.
• the rolling process should thus be optimized by accurately introducing the slab into the rolling train. In particular, it is provided to realize the centering and guiding the slab just before the finishing mill so that no appreciable extension of the distance between the furnace and the finishing train is created.
• the solution to this problem by the invention is procedurally characterized in that first means for exerting a lateral force on the slab at a first location act on the slab and that second means for exerting a lateral force on the slab at a second location the slab is operative, the second location being spaced from the first location in the conveying direction of the slab, the first location being behind the oven and the second location being in front of, inside or behind the at least one processing apparatus.
• a more specific embodiment of the invention provides that the first location is behind the furnace and before the first of the at least one processing device, and that the second location lies within or behind the first of the at least one processing device.
• Rolling in the rolling train may be finish rolling the slab into a belt.
• a reliable mode of operation can be ensured if the position of the head of the slab in the region of at least one of the means is detected and the exertion of a lateral force on the slab by the delivery of a Contact element of the agent is started only when the head of the slab has passed the means.
• the slab can be subjected to a compression in the direction transverse to the conveying direction.
• the exertion of a lateral force on the slab is effected by the means before the location of the compression and spaced therefrom.
• the exertion of a lateral force on the slab by the means preferably takes place in front of the rolling train.
• the means for exerting a lateral force on the slab are preferably operated so that the tip of the slab runs centrally into the place of compression and / or into the rolling train.
• At least two means for exerting a lateral force on the slab may be disposed behind the furnace, the first location between the furnace and the first processing device and the second location between the at least two processing devices or within the second processing device. In this case, it has proven useful if the slab is subjected to a shearing process in the first processing device. In the second processing device, the slab is preferably subjected to a descaling process.
• a further development provides that the position and / or the shape of the slab are determined transversely to the conveying direction of the slab along its movement in the conveying direction before the first location.
• the exertion of a lateral force on the slab from the means can be carried out in a controlled or regulated manner such that the axis of the slab in the conveying direction behind the second location assumes a desired position.
• the adjustment of the means for exerting a lateral force on the slab may be determined using a mathematical model depending on the geometry of the device and / or the shape of the slab and / or the eccentricity of the slab and / or the width of the slab.
• the device for processing a slab which has at least one furnace, at least one downstream of the furnace in the conveying direction of the slab processing device and one of the at least one processing device in the conveying direction of the slab downstream rolling train, in particular a finishing train, as well as means with which on the sides of the Slab can be exerted a force to move the axis of the slab in accordance with a predetermined position transverse to the conveying direction of the slab, in particular in accordance with the axis of the rolling mill, according to the invention provides that first means for exerting a lateral force on the Slabs are arranged at a first location and that second means for exerting a lateral force on the slab at a second location, the second location in the conveying direction of the slab spaced from the first location, wherein the first location is behind the oven and wherein the second place before, pauses is located halfway or behind the at least one processing device.
• the first location is behind the oven and before the at least one processing device and that the second location is within or behind the first of the at least one processing device.
• the area within the furnace is preferably free of means for exerting a lateral force on the slab.
• a stuffer can be arranged for upsetting the slab in the direction transverse to the conveying direction.
• Side guide rulers for centering and guiding the slab may be arranged between the upshot and the first rolling stand of the rolling train. Furthermore, adjusting elements of the side guide rulers can be arranged below and / or above the side guide rulers.
• the means for exerting a lateral force on the slab may be spaced from the upset. They can also be arranged in front of the rolling train.
• a refinement provides that at least two means for exerting a lateral force are arranged on the slab behind the furnace, the first location being between the furnace and the first processing device and the second location lying between the at least two processing devices or within the second processing device.
• the first processing device is preferably a pair of scissors.
• the second processing device is preferably a descaling device.
• the means for exerting a lateral force on the slab may comprise at least one roller which is arranged on a pivot arm, wherein the swivel arm is fixedly mounted at a bearing point and can be pivoted by an actuator which engages outside of the bearing point on the swivel arm.
• the means for exerting a lateral force on the slab can also comprise at least one roller, which is arranged on a linear actuator whose direction of movement is oriented transversely to the conveying direction of the slab.
• a further training provides that the actuator or the linear actuator is designed as a hydraulic piston-cylinder system.
• the first means for exerting a lateral force on the slab can also be designed as guide rulers.
• the proposed device is preferably part of a thin slab casting rolling mill. It may also be part of a hot strip mill having a roughing and finishing line; In this case, the device is preferably arranged in front of the finishing train.
• the invention is based on the fact that a centering and guiding the slab just before the finishing train with roller side guides done so that a total of short distance between the furnace and finishing mill.
• the roller side guides are located at a suitable distance between the individual units (machining devices).
• an upshot and a mechanical or hydraulic side guide are preferably arranged in front of the first rolling stand of the finishing train.
• the proposed solution is preferably used in the so-called CSP technology. This is understood to mean the manufacture of a steel strip in a thin-slab caster rolling mill, which enables efficient production of hot strip.
• the proposed measures can increase output and reduce the number of mold adjustments.
• a direct width control in front of the finishing train is made possible.
• the tape is improved.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view corresponding to FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 schematically shows a representation of the slab guiding elements used, analogous to the representation according to FIG. 2, in the plan view of the device, FIG.
• FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, showing a larger portion of the furnace
• FIG. 5 shows again schematically a representation of the slab guide elements used, analogous to the illustration according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in the plan view of the device in the case of a more curved one
• Fig. 6 shows the front view - seen in the conveying direction of the slab -
• Fig. 7 is a plan view of the portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6 immediately before the first rolling stand of the finishing train.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show a device with which a slab 1 can be processed while being conveyed in the conveying direction F. Specifically, an end portion of a furnace 2 is shown and the first rolling stand of a rolling line 5, between which the slab 1 is conveyed. Between the furnace 2 and the rolling train 5, a first processing device 3 in the form of a pair of scissors and a second processing device 4 in the form of a descaling device are arranged.
• roller side guides which are equipped with contact elements in the form of rollers 14, which bear against the sides 8 and 9 of the slab 1 can be pressed to center the slab so that the axis 10 of the slab 1 coincides with the axis 11 of the rolling train 5.
• the first means 6 for exerting a lateral force on the slab 1 at a first location 12 act on the slab 1 and that the second means 7 for exerting a lateral force on the slab 1 at a second location 13 on the slab 1 act.
• the second location 13 lies in the conveying direction F of the slab 1, at a distance from the first location 12;
• the first location 12 is behind the furnace 2 and before the first processing device 3, wherein the second location 13 is located inside or behind the first processing device 3 - in the embodiment between the two processing devices 3 and 4.
• the two means 6 and 7 thus provide for a centering of the slab, so that it enters centrally into a stuffer 15, which is arranged immediately in front of the first rolling stand of the finishing train 5. Between edger 15 and the first rolling stand of the finishing train 5 are still side guide rails 16 and
• the means 6, 7 a swivel arm
• the roller 14 which is mounted in a fixed bearing point 19 and the roller 14 carries at its end remote from the bearing point 19 end.
• An actuator 20 engages the pivot arm 18 and provides for the corresponding adjustment of the roller 14 against the side 8, 9 of the slab.
• the means 6, 7 may also comprise a linear actuator 21 which delivers the roller 14 directly linearly against the belt edge.
• the first roller side guide 6 that is to say the first means for exercising, is initially present a lateral force on the slab, on excess width.
• the rollers 14 are slowly driven against the sides 8, 9 of the slab, ie against the slab edges, and the gap between the slab and rollers closed.
• the contact forces are applied by hydraulic cylinders, measured and finally adjusted to a predetermined minimum force. This resulted in the centering of the slab 1 and the entrainment of the rollers 14. This centering is carried out slowly and continuously transported forward slab. When the slab is moving, a slight transverse displacement of the slab 1 is possible at low displacement forces.
• the centering should be completed before reaching the second Rolleneat- guide pair 7, ie the second means for exerting a lateral force on the slab. If the slab tip passes the second roller side guide, then the same centering procedure takes place there. If both rollers 14 are centered, it is highly probable that the slab enters the stuffer 15 and the finishing train 5 centrally.
• the threading into the stuffer 15 is assisted by drive rollers 22 (see Fig. 1), which are integrated in the descaling device 4, at least until the stuffer 15 or the first stand of the finishing train 5 have taken hold.
• the second roller side guide pair 7, d. H. the second means for exerting a lateral force on the slab may, as shown, be arranged in front of the descaling device, integrated within the descaling device or disposed behind the descaling device.
• a drive of the rollers 14 of the means 6 and 7 are provided.
• the second roller side guide 7 can be employed in a straight guide in the width direction (see embodiment at the second location 13 in Fig. 2) or via a pivoting arm (as at the first location 12 in Fig. 2).
• roller side guide roller instead of a larger roller side guide roller is in an alternative embodiment (not shown), the arrangement of two smaller tightly ne- B opposite rollers arranged in a guide unit possible, but always so that is still given the short design. With the two roller side guides 6 and 7, which are spaced apart, the effect of a long continuous side guide is achieved. The roller side guides 6, 7 thereby form a control unit.
• the position of the actuators 20, 21 can be set, so that the said task is fulfilled.
• the two positions of the roller side guides 6, 7 are matched to one another. Between the rollers 14 of the means 6, 7 and the rollers of the stuffer 15 results in a straight connecting line.
• the optimal positioning of the roller side guides 6, 7 is somewhat more complicated. It is then made a detection of the slab shape and the position above the slab length. For this purpose, laser distance measurements or other position detection signals are provided, for example, in front of the last furnace part (behind the ferry), as illustrated in FIG. 4 for the detection and determination of the slab shape and position over the length. Also entered here is the eccentricity ⁇ y of the slab from the axis of the system.
• the width, position or generally the shape of the slab (see points xbj, ybj) over the Län - ge determine.
• the shape and eccentricity Ay 1 determined here are later used for optimum positioning of the roller side guides 6, 7 and / or the rollers of the stuffer 15.
• slab width and slab position detection behind the oven is also possible from the sides by means of the sensors 24 or from above or below.
• roller side guides 6, 7 and the rollers of the stuffer 15 Details on the adjustment of the roller side guides 6, 7 and the rollers of the stuffer 15 are shown in FIG. 5, where the setting of the roller side guides and the rollers of the stuffer is concerned, so that even with a curved slab shape a centric running in of the slab head into the stuffer or the stirrer . Is ensured in the finishing mill.
• the positions of the rollers 14 and the rollers of the upshot 15 can be approached.
• the positions are adapted to the respective slab shape and in some cases moved so that the goal is achieved of guiding the slab tip centrally into the upshot 15.
• the roles of the upshot 15 asymmetric, d. H. can stand off-center to support the roll side guides 6, 7.
• the goal of the central inlet of the slab tip in the following framework. After the slab 1 has been threaded into the rolling train 5, the goal is to center or center the roller side guides 6, 7 and the upseter 15 over the length of the slab, so that the slab 1 and in particular the slab end is as straight as possible is and thus enters the mill 5.
• the rollers of the upset 15 are fed in symmetrically (short stroke control) in order to avoid or reduce the excess width at the end of the slab. The same goes for the slab head.
• the width or position detection can take place via the displacement transmitters of the roller side guides and / or compression rollers. Furthermore, the detected width signal as well as the calculated spread or width change in the finishing train in the width model are used to determine the amount of compression and thus to control the stuffer.
• hold-down or pinch rollers are provided, which are arranged exactly between the two stuffer rolls and press from above and below in the middle of the slab 1 onto the surface of the slab in order to prevent buckling.
• the compression rollers are lubricated. This increases the material crossflow, reduces the compression and buckling forces and also has a positive effect on the slab and compression roll roughness and thus on the life of the edging rolls.
• a special mechanical lateral guide is additionally provided between the swaging device 15 and the first stand of the rolling train 5 (see Figures 1 and 2). Details on this are given in FIGS. 6 and 7.
• the aim is to arrange the stuffer 15 close to the first stand of the rolling train 5 and to position the mechanical side guide as close as possible to the first nip of the first stand.
• h of the side guide rulers 16 and 17 can be performed without additional space and without weakening the stand posts of the rolling stand (with recesses therein), an adjustment below (or optionally also above) the side guide ruler 16, 17 is advantageously provided, as can be seen from FIG 6 and 7 results. It is also possible that, alternatively, the adjustment of the side guide rulers 16, 17 is carried out together with the upsetting 15 employment. In this case, upseters and guide rulers would be firmly connected.
• the adjustment of the side guide rulers 16, 17 on a guide 27 is performed by two adjusting elements 26 (cylinders) per side.
• the adjusting elements 26 are provided at the top with a heat protection element 25 (cooled transfer table, insulation board).
• the position of the mechanical lateral guide during operation corresponds to the width position of the upshot 15 plus a defined amount (in millimeters).
• the described method and the apparatus shown are not limited to a CSP plant, but are also used in similar production plants behind a furnace part.
• the inventive proposal can also be used for example in conventional hot strip mills.
• the pre-strip form is detected behind a roughing stand during transport towards the finishing train, where it fulfills the above-described goals by suitably setting up rollers in front of the finishing line.
• the first centering effect in front of the shears can alternatively be carried out by guide rulers as an alternative to the use of the roller side guide unit 6.
• rolling line 6 first means for exerting a lateral force on the slab (roller side guide)

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metal Rolling (AREA)
• Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 2009
  • 2009-08-17 CN CN200980151587.3A patent/CN102245322B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-08-17 RU RU2011129323/02A patent/RU2479367C2/ru active
  • 2009-08-17 JP JP2011541118A patent/JP2012512746A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-08-17 MX MX2011013099A patent/MX2011013099A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-08-17 BR BRPI0925061-1A patent/BRPI0925061B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-08-17 WO PCT/EP2009/005942 patent/WO2010149192A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2009-08-17 KR KR1020117011892A patent/KR101320930B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-08-17 UA UAA201109118A patent/UA100935C2/ru unknown
  • 2009-08-17 AU AU2009348758A patent/AU2009348758B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2009-08-17 EP EP09777913.6A patent/EP2445659B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-08-17 US US13/379,404 patent/US20120096914A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-08-17 CA CA2765269A patent/CA2765269C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-05-05 ZA ZA2011/03236A patent/ZA201103236B/en unknown

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