WO2010137128A1 - コンバータの制御装置およびそれを備える電動車両 - Google Patents
コンバータの制御装置およびそれを備える電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010137128A1 WO2010137128A1 PCT/JP2009/059666 JP2009059666W WO2010137128A1 WO 2010137128 A1 WO2010137128 A1 WO 2010137128A1 JP 2009059666 W JP2009059666 W JP 2009059666W WO 2010137128 A1 WO2010137128 A1 WO 2010137128A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0016—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters
- H02M1/0019—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters the disturbance parameters being load current fluctuations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
- H02M1/385—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches with means for correcting output voltage deviations introduced by the dead time
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a converter control device and an electric vehicle including the same, and more particularly to a converter control device that is provided between a DC power supply and an electric load device and boosts an output voltage higher than the voltage of the DC power supply.
- the present invention relates to an electric vehicle.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a power supply device that can suppress an output voltage of a boost converter from increasing unexpectedly.
- this power supply device when a phenomenon in which the current flowing through the reactor of the boost converter stagnates with a value of 0 during the dead time occurs in the switching cycle of the switching element, it is determined that a periodic zero current stagnation state has been reached. The value is corrected downward by a predetermined voltage. This suppresses an unexpected increase in the output voltage of the boost converter due to the dead time (see Patent Document 1).
- the boost converter is controlled based on the determination result. Therefore, it may be erroneously determined whether or not a zero current stagnation state is caused by an error of a sensor for detecting the voltage of the lower arm or the reactor current, and as a result, the voltage fluctuation may not be suppressed.
- the technique disclosed in the above publication corrects the voltage command value of the boost converter downward by a predetermined voltage, so that the output voltage of the boost converter is reduced by the influence of dead time. Although it suppresses an unexpected increase, it does not suppress the fluctuation of the output voltage of the boost converter itself.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a converter control device capable of suppressing fluctuations in converter output voltage due to the influence of dead time, and an electric vehicle equipped with the same.
- the converter control device is a converter control device that is provided between the DC power supply and the electric load device and boosts the output voltage to a voltage higher than the voltage of the DC power supply.
- the converter includes a reactor, first and second switching elements, and first and second diodes. One end of the reactor is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply.
- the first switching element is connected between the other end of the reactor and the electric load device.
- the second switching element is connected between the other end of the reactor and the negative electrode of the DC power supply.
- the first and second diodes are connected in antiparallel to the first and second switching elements, respectively.
- the operation of the first and second switching elements is provided with a dead time for preventing the first and second switching elements from becoming conductive at the same time.
- the control device includes a voltage control unit, a current control unit, and a signal generation unit.
- the voltage control unit executes a control calculation for adjusting the output voltage to the target voltage.
- the current control unit executes a control calculation for adjusting the current flowing through the reactor to the target current using the control output of the voltage control unit as the target current.
- the signal generation unit generates a signal for driving the first and second switching elements based on the control output of the current control unit.
- the electric load device includes an electric motor.
- the control device further includes a voltage control cycle setting unit.
- the voltage control cycle setting unit sets the calculation cycle of the voltage control unit based on periodic power fluctuations that occur as the motor rotates.
- the voltage control cycle setting unit sets the calculation cycle of the voltage control unit to 1 ⁇ 4 or less of the cycle of power fluctuation.
- the electric load device includes a first electric motor.
- the control device further includes a first fluctuation estimation unit.
- the first fluctuation estimation unit estimates a first fluctuation amount indicating a periodic electric power fluctuation amount generated with the rotation of the first electric motor based on the torque and the rotation speed of the first electric motor.
- the current control unit executes control calculation using a value obtained by adding the first fluctuation amount to the control output of the voltage control unit as a target current.
- the electric load device further includes a second electric motor.
- the control device further includes a second fluctuation estimation unit.
- the second fluctuation estimation unit estimates a second fluctuation amount indicating a periodic electric power fluctuation amount generated with the rotation of the second electric motor based on the torque and the rotation speed of the second electric motor.
- the current control unit executes control calculation using a value obtained by adding the first and second fluctuation amounts to the control output of the voltage control unit as a target current.
- the electric vehicle includes a DC power source, a driving force generation unit that generates driving force of the vehicle using electric power supplied from the DC power source, and the DC power source and the driving force generation unit.
- the converter includes the converter that boosts the input voltage of the driving force generation unit to a voltage higher than the DC power supply, and the controller for any of the converters described above.
- the control output for adjusting the output voltage to the target voltage is executed as the target current, and the control calculation for adjusting the current flowing through the reactor to the target current is executed. Therefore, the occurrence of a phenomenon in which the current flowing through the converter reactor stagnates at a value of 0 during the dead time can be suppressed. Therefore, according to this converter control apparatus, fluctuations in the converter output voltage due to the effect of dead time can be suppressed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining current sampling timing by the sample / hold circuit shown in FIG. 2. It is the figure which showed the voltage and electric current when the direction of the electric current which flows into a reactor changes. It is the figure which showed the voltage and electric current when the electric current control in Embodiment 1 is not provided temporarily.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation of the switching element and the behavior of current in the vicinity of time t1 in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the behavior of the switching element and the current in the vicinity of time t3 in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the behavior of the switching element and the current in the vicinity of time t5 in FIG. It is the figure which showed the operation
- FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of a boost converter in a control device according to a second embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the calculation period setting process of the voltage control performed by a control apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of a boost converter in a control device in a third embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the calculation process of the electric current correction amount performed by a control apparatus. It is the figure which showed the electric system of the electric vehicle with which the control apparatus of the converter by Embodiment 4 is applied.
- FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of a boost converter in a control device in a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a control effect of the fourth embodiment. It is the figure which showed the case where electric current correction
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an electric system of an electric vehicle to which a converter control apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied.
- electrically powered vehicle 100 includes a DC power source B, a boost converter 10, an inverter 20, a motor generator M ⁇ b> 1, positive lines PL ⁇ b> 1 and PL ⁇ b> 2, a negative line NL, and a smoothing capacitor C.
- Electric vehicle 100 further includes a control device 30, voltage sensors 52 and 56, current sensors 54, 58 and 60, and a rotation angle sensor 62.
- Boost converter 10 includes a reactor L1, power semiconductor switching elements (hereinafter simply referred to as “switching elements”) Q1, Q2, and diodes D1, D2.
- Reactor L1 has one end connected to positive line PL1 connected to the positive electrode of DC power supply B, and the other end connected to an intermediate point between switching element Q1 and switching element Q2, that is, the emitter of switching element Q1 and switching element Q2. Connected to the connection point of the collector.
- Switching elements Q1, Q2 are connected in series between positive electrode line PL2 and negative electrode line NL connected to the negative electrode of DC power supply B.
- the collector of switching element Q1 is connected to positive line PL2, and the emitter of switching element Q2 is connected to negative line NL.
- Diodes D1 and D2 that flow current from the emitter side to the collector side are connected between the collector and emitter of switching elements Q1 and Q2, respectively.
- switching elements Q1 and Q2 and the switching elements Q11 to Q16 and Q21 to Q26 described later for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or a power MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor can be used.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the inverter 20 includes a U-phase arm 22, a V-phase arm 24, and a W-phase arm 26.
- U-phase arm 22, V-phase arm 24, and W-phase arm 26 are connected in parallel between positive electrode line PL2 and negative electrode line NL.
- U-phase arm 22 includes switching elements Q11 and Q12 connected in series.
- V-phase arm 24 includes switching elements Q13 and Q14 connected in series.
- W-phase arm 26 includes switching elements Q15 and Q16 connected in series.
- diodes D11 to D16 for passing a current from the emitter side to the collector side are connected between the collector and emitter of switching elements Q11 to Q16, respectively.
- the intermediate point of each phase arm is connected to each phase coil of motor generator M1.
- DC power supply B is a rechargeable power storage device, for example, a secondary battery such as nickel metal hydride or lithium ion.
- a secondary battery such as nickel metal hydride or lithium ion.
- an electric double layer capacitor, a large-capacity capacitor, a flywheel, or the like may be used instead of the secondary battery.
- Boost converter 10 boosts the voltage between positive electrode line PL2 and negative electrode line NL (hereinafter also referred to as “system voltage”) to be equal to or higher than the output voltage of DC power supply B based on signal PWC from control device 30.
- system voltage the voltage between positive electrode line PL2 and negative electrode line NL
- the system voltage is lower than the target voltage, by increasing the on-duty of switching element Q2, a current can flow from positive line PL1 to positive line PL2, and the system voltage can be increased.
- the system voltage is higher than the target voltage, by increasing the on-duty of switching element Q1, a current can flow from positive line PL2 to positive line PL1, and the system voltage can be lowered.
- the inverter 20 converts the DC power supplied from the positive line PL2 and the negative line NL into a three-phase AC based on the signal PWI1 from the control device 30, and outputs it to the motor generator M1 to drive the motor generator M1. Thereby, motor generator M1 is driven so as to generate torque specified by torque command value TR1. Inverter 20 also converts the three-phase AC power generated by motor generator M1 into DC based on signal PWI1 and outputs it to positive line PL2 and negative line NL during braking of the vehicle.
- the smoothing capacitor C is connected between the positive electrode line PL2 and the negative electrode line NL. Smoothing capacitor C reduces ripple in positive line PL2 and negative line NL.
- the motor generator M1 is an AC motor, for example, a three-phase AC motor including a rotor in which a permanent magnet is embedded.
- Motor generator M1 is mechanically connected to drive wheels (not shown), and generates torque for driving the vehicle. Further, when the vehicle is braked, the motor generator M1 receives the kinetic energy of the vehicle from the drive wheels and generates electric power. If electric vehicle 100 is a hybrid vehicle, motor generator M1 is mechanically connected to an engine (not shown), generates electric power using engine power, and also starts the engine. May be incorporated.
- the voltage sensor 52 detects the voltage Vb of the DC power supply B and outputs the detected value to the control device 30.
- Current sensor 54 detects current IL flowing through reactor L ⁇ b> 1 of boost converter 10, and outputs the detected value to control device 30.
- Voltage sensor 56 detects the voltage between terminals of smoothing capacitor C, that is, voltage Vm between positive electrode line PL2 and negative electrode line NL, and outputs the detected value to control device 30.
- Current sensors 58 and 60 detect V-phase current Iv 1 and W-phase current Iw 1, respectively, and output the detected values to control device 30.
- the rotation angle sensor 62 detects the rotation angle ⁇ 1 of the rotor of the motor generator M1 and outputs the detected value to the control device 30.
- Control device 30 generates a signal for driving boost converter 10 based on the detected values of voltages Vb and Vm from voltage sensors 52 and 56 and current IL from current sensor 54, and generates the generated signals.
- the signal PWC is output to the boost converter 10.
- Control device 30 also detects detected values of currents Iv1 and Iw1 from current sensors 58 and 60, rotation angle ⁇ 1 and voltage Vm from rotation angle sensor 62, and torque command value of motor generator M1 received from an external ECU (not shown). Based on TR1 and motor rotational speed MRN1, a signal PWI1 for driving motor generator M1 is generated, and the generated signal PWI1 is output to inverter 20.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of the boost converter 10 in the control device 30 shown in FIG.
- control device 30 includes voltage command generation unit 102, subtraction units 104 and 108, voltage control calculation unit 106, current control calculation unit 110, drive signal generation unit 112, and carrier generation unit. 114 and a sample / hold (hereinafter referred to as “S / H”) circuit 116.
- S / H sample / hold
- the voltage command generator 102 generates a voltage command value VR indicating a target value of the voltage Vm that is the output voltage of the boost converter 10. For example, voltage command generation unit 102 generates voltage command value VR based on the power of motor generator M1 calculated from torque command value TR1 of motor generator M1 and motor rotational speed MRN1.
- the subtraction unit 104 subtracts the detected value of the voltage Vm from the voltage command value VR and outputs the calculation result to the voltage control calculation unit 106.
- the voltage control calculation unit 106 receives a value obtained by subtracting the detected value of the voltage Vm from the voltage command value VR from the subtraction unit 104, and executes a control calculation (for example, proportional integral control) for matching the voltage Vm with the voltage command value VR. To do. Then, the voltage control calculation unit 106 outputs the calculated control amount as the current command value IR.
- the carrier generation unit 114 generates a carrier signal composed of a triangular wave for generating a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal in the drive signal generation unit 112, which will be described later, and the generated carrier signal is used as the drive signal generation unit 112 and Output to the S / H circuit 116.
- S / H circuit 116 samples current IL at the timing of peaks and valleys of the carrier signal received from carrier generation section 114.
- the subtracting unit 108 subtracts the detected value of the current IL sampled / held by the S / H circuit 116 from the current command value IR output from the voltage control calculating unit 106 and sends the calculation result to the current control calculating unit 110. Output.
- the current control calculation unit 110 receives a value obtained by subtracting the detected value of the current IL from the current command value IR from the subtraction unit 108, and executes a control calculation (for example, proportional integral control) for matching the current IL with the current command value IR. To do. Note that the calculation cycle of the current control calculation unit 110 is set shorter than the calculation cycle of the voltage control calculation unit 106. Then, the current control calculation unit 110 outputs the calculated control amount to the drive signal generation unit 112 as the duty command value d.
- the drive signal generation unit 112 compares the duty command value d received from the current control calculation unit 110 with the carrier signal received from the carrier generation unit 114, and generates a signal PWC whose logic state changes according to the comparison result. Then, drive signal generation unit 112 outputs the generated signal PWC to switching elements Q1 and Q2 of boost converter 10.
- a control calculation for making the voltage Vm coincide with the voltage command value VR is executed by the voltage control calculation unit 106 (voltage control). Then, the control output for controlling the voltage control calculation unit 106 as the current command value IR of the current IL and the control calculation for matching the current IL with the current command value IR is executed by the current control calculation unit 110 (current control). Thereby, when a deviation of the voltage Vm from the voltage command value VR occurs, the current command value IR is corrected so as to eliminate the deviation, and the current control is executed so that the current IL matches the current command value IR. Occurrence of a phenomenon in which the reactor current (current IL) stagnates with a value of 0 at the dead time can be suppressed. As a result, the fluctuation of the voltage Vm is suppressed.
- the subtraction unit 104, the voltage control calculation unit 106, the subtraction unit 108, and the current control calculation unit 110 form a main loop 118 for making the voltage Vm coincide with the voltage command value VR, and the subtraction unit 108 and the current control calculation unit 110 forms a minor loop 120 for making the current IL coincide with the current command value IR.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the sampling timing of the current IL by the S / H circuit 116 shown in FIG.
- S / H circuit 116 performs sampling of current IL at the peaks and valleys of carrier signal CR generated by carrier generation section 114 (FIG. 2).
- the intermediate value of the ripple variation of the current IL can be sampled, and the average value of the current IL can be obtained in principle.
- the responsiveness of the current control executed by the current control calculation unit 110 can be enhanced.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the voltage Vm and the current IL when the direction of the current IL flowing through the reactor L1 changes.
- the output voltage of the boost converter may fluctuate due to the influence of dead time.
- the voltage Vm and the current IL in the case where the current control in the first embodiment is not provided are shown in FIG. Shown in 4 and 5, as an example, the voltage when the current IL changes from positive (current flows from the DC power supply B to the reactor L1) to negative (current flows from the reactor L1 to the DC power supply B).
- Vm and current IL are shown.
- the output voltage of the converter can rise due to the influence of dead time.
- the voltage control calculation unit 106 since the duty command value d does not change unless the deviation between the voltage command value VR (not shown) and the voltage Vm increases to some extent, the voltage Vm increases. I can't keep it down.
- the current IL has a phenomenon in which the current IL temporarily stagnates to 0 due to the influence of the dead time, and this causes the fluctuation of the voltage Vm.
- a current command value IR of current IL is generated so as to eliminate the voltage deviation, and current IL is added to the generated current command value IR. Therefore, the current control is performed so that the currents coincide with each other, so that the phenomenon that the current IL stagnates at the value 0 is suppressed. Therefore, the fluctuation of the voltage Vm as shown in FIG. 5 does not occur.
- the smoothing capacitor C (FIG. 1) can be downsized, and the cost of the system can be reduced.
- 6 to 10 are diagrams for explaining the behavior of the current IL shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 in more detail.
- 6 to 8 show the operation of switching elements Q1 and Q2 and the behavior of current IL in the vicinity of times t1, t3 and t5 in FIG. 4, respectively.
- carrier signal CR becomes larger than duty command value d at time t11
- upper arm switching element Q1 is turned off.
- the switching element Q2 of the lower arm is not immediately turned on, and the switching element Q2 is turned on at time t12 when the dead time DT is set.
- the switching element Q2 is turned off.
- the switching element Q1 is not immediately turned on, and at time t14 when the dead time DT is set, the switching element Q1 is turned on.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show the operation of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 and the behavior of the current IL in the vicinity of times t2 and t4 in FIG. 5, respectively.
- carrier signal CR becomes larger than duty command value d at time t ⁇ b> 21
- upper arm switching element Q ⁇ b> 1 is turned off.
- the switching element Q2 of the lower arm is immediately turned on, the current IL immediately increases.
- the current IL becomes zero (current stagnation) due to the dead time DT.
- the current control is performed so that the current IL matches the current command value IR. Therefore, if a current stagnation occurs due to the influence of the dead time, the deviation between the current command value IR and the current IL is determined. Based on this, the duty command value d is quickly changed, and current stagnation is eliminated.
- a limiter may be provided on the output side of the voltage control calculation unit 106 (FIG. 2), and an upper limit may be provided for the current command value IR. Thereby, it is possible to prevent an overcurrent from flowing through boost converter 10.
- the current control calculation unit 110 that controls the current IL flowing through the reactor L1 to the current command value IR is provided, the phenomenon that the current IL stagnates at a value of 0 during the dead time. Generation can be suppressed. Therefore, according to this Embodiment 1, the fluctuation
- the smoothing capacitor C can be reduced in size, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and cost.
- control of motor generator M1 by inverter 20 can be made highly responsive. Further, since it is not necessary to take measures such as lowering the carrier frequency in order to suppress the fluctuation of the voltage Vm due to the influence of the dead time, there is no need to be concerned about noise associated with the change of the carrier frequency.
- FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of boost converter 10 in control device 30A according to the second embodiment.
- control device 30 ⁇ / b> A further includes a motor ripple frequency calculation unit 122 and a voltage control cycle setting unit 124 in the configuration of control device 30 shown in FIG. 2.
- the motor ripple frequency calculation unit 122 calculates the frequency fmx of the power ripple that occurs with the rotation of the motor generator M1, based on the torque command value TR1 of the motor generator M1 and the motor rotation speed MRN1. For example, motor ripple frequency calculation unit 122 uses torque map TR1 and torque command value TR1 using a map obtained in advance for the relationship between the torque and rotation speed of motor generator M1 and the frequency of power ripple generated by the rotation of motor generator M1. A frequency fmx is calculated based on the motor rotation speed MRN1.
- the control mode of the motor generator M1 is the rectangular wave control mode
- a power ripple of an electrical sixth component (sixth component of the AC frequency of the motor generator M1) is generated.
- the electric sixth-order component of the motor generator M1 calculated by the following equation may be used as the frequency fmx.
- fmx (MRN1 ⁇ p / 60) ⁇ 6 (1)
- p is the number of motor pole pairs.
- the voltage control cycle setting unit 124 sets the voltage control cycle Tvcont executed by the voltage control calculation unit 106 based on the frequency fmx calculated by the motor ripple frequency calculation unit 122. Specifically, the voltage control cycle setting unit 124 sets the voltage control cycle Tvcont to 1 ⁇ 4 or less of the cycle (1 / fmx) corresponding to the frequency fmx, as shown in the following equation.
- the reason why the period Tvcont of the voltage control is set to 1 ⁇ 4 or less of the period (1 / fmx) corresponding to the frequency fmx is to reliably detect a ripple generated at the frequency fmx.
- the voltage control cycle Tvcont is 1 ⁇ 2 of the cycle (1 / fmx)
- the ripple generated at the frequency fmx cannot be detected.
- the cycle Tvcont set by the voltage control cycle setting unit 124 is output to the voltage control calculation unit 106, and the voltage control calculation unit 106 executes the control calculation with the cycle Tvcont.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining calculation cycle setting processing of voltage control executed by the control device 30A. The process shown in this flowchart is called from the main routine and executed at regular time intervals or whenever a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- control device 30A inputs torque command value TR1 and motor rotational speed MRN1 of motor generator M1 (step S10).
- control device 30A calculates a frequency fmx of an electric power ripple generated with the rotation of motor generator M1 based on torque command value TR1 and motor rotational speed MRN1 using a map obtained in advance (for example). Step S20).
- control device 30A sets the voltage control cycle Tvcont based on the frequency fmx calculated in step S20 using the above equation (2) (step S30). For example, control device 30A sets cycle Tvcont to 1 / fmx / 4. Then, control device 30A executes voltage control of boost converter 10 at the set cycle Tvcont.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the power ripple generated with the rotation of the motor generator M1 and the control effect of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows a case where the power ripple generated by the rotation of motor generator M1 is not absorbed by DC power supply B.
- electric power Pm is electric power of motor generator M1, and a ripple is generated as motor generator M1 rotates.
- the voltage control of boost converter 10 operates in accordance with the ripple of power Pm, and the ripple of power Pm is absorbed by DC power supply B (the power Pb of DC power supply B becomes the ripple of motor power Pm). Fluctuate synchronously). Thereby, fluctuations in power Pc and voltage Vm of smoothing capacitor C provided on the output side of boost converter 10 are suppressed.
- the fluctuation of the voltage Vm can be suppressed on the assumption that the capacity of the smoothing capacitor C is at the conventional level.
- the capacity of the smoothing capacitor C is Can be reduced.
- the calculation cycle of voltage control is set so that the voltage control of boost converter 10 operates in accordance with the ripple of power Pm. Absorbed. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, fluctuations in voltage Vm can be further suppressed. As a result, the smoothing capacitor C can be reduced in size, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and cost. Moreover, since the charging / discharging current of the smoothing capacitor C is reduced, the heat generation of the smoothing capacitor C is also reduced.
- FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of boost converter 10 in control device 30B according to the third embodiment.
- control device 30 ⁇ / b> B further includes a motor power ripple estimation unit 126 and a current correction amount calculation unit 128 in the configuration of control device 30 shown in FIG. 2, and operates in place of subtraction unit 108. Part 108A.
- the motor power ripple estimation unit 126 estimates the amplitude and phase of the power ripple generated with the rotation of the motor generator M1 based on the torque command value TR1 of the motor generator M1 and the motor rotation speed MRN1. For example, motor power ripple estimation unit 126 uses a map obtained in advance with respect to the relationship between the torque and rotation speed of motor generator M1 and the amplitude and phase of the sixth-order component of power ripple generated by the rotation of motor generator M1. Thus, the amplitude Pmx1 and the phase ⁇ 1 of the sixth component of the power ripple are estimated based on the torque command value TR1 and the motor rotation speed MRN1.
- the current correction amount calculating unit 128 corrects the current correction corresponding to the power ripple based on the amplitude Pmx1 and phase ⁇ 1 of the power ripple estimated by the motor power ripple estimating unit 126 and the detected value of the rotation angle ⁇ 1 from the rotation angle sensor 62.
- the quantity Imxl is calculated based on the following formula.
- Imx1 ⁇ Pmx1 ⁇ sin (6 ⁇ ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 1) ⁇ / Vm (3) Then, the calculation unit 108A adds the current correction amount Imx1 to the current command value IR output from the voltage control calculation unit 106, and further subtracts the detected value of the current IL sampled / held by the S / H circuit 116, The calculation result is output to the current control calculation unit 110.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining a current correction amount calculation process executed by the control device 30B. The process shown in this flowchart is also called from the main routine and executed every certain time or every time a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- control device 30B inputs torque command value TR1 and motor rotational speed MRN1 of motor generator M1 (step S110). Next, control device 30B uses the map determined in advance, based on torque command value TR1 and motor rotational speed MRN1, and the amplitude Pmx1 and phase of the sixth-order component of the power ripple generated as motor motor M1 rotates. ⁇ 1 is estimated (step S120).
- control device 30B calculates the current correction amount Imx1 based on the amplitude Pmx1 and the phase ⁇ 1 estimated in step S120 using the above equation (3) (step S130).
- the ripple of the electric sixth-order component is large, as an example, the sixth-order component of power ripple generated along with the rotation of motor generator M1 is estimated, and current correction is performed based on the estimated value.
- other order components may be estimated according to the power ripple occurrence state, and current correction may be performed based on the estimated value.
- the power ripple generated with the rotation of motor generator M1 is estimated, and the current control command value is corrected according to the estimated power ripple. Absorbed by DC power supply B. Therefore, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained by the third embodiment.
- Embodiment 4 In this Embodiment 4, the Example at the time of applying the control in Embodiment 3 to a 2 motor system is shown.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an electric system of an electric vehicle to which the converter control device according to the fourth embodiment is applied.
- electrically powered vehicle 100A further includes inverter 31, motor generator M2, current sensors 64 and 66, and rotation angle sensor 68 in the configuration of electrically powered vehicle 100 shown in FIG.
- a control device 30C is provided instead of the device 30.
- the inverter 31 includes a U-phase arm 32, a V-phase arm 34, and a W-phase arm 36.
- U-phase arm 32, V-phase arm 34, and W-phase arm 36 are connected in parallel between positive electrode line PL2 and negative electrode line NL.
- U-phase arm 32 includes switching elements Q21 and Q22 connected in series.
- V-phase arm 34 includes switching elements Q23 and Q24 connected in series.
- W-phase arm 36 includes switching elements Q25 and Q26 connected in series.
- Diodes D21 to D26 that flow current from the emitter side to the collector side are connected between the collector and emitter of switching elements Q21 to Q26, respectively.
- the intermediate point of each phase arm is connected to each phase coil of motor generator M2.
- the inverter 31 converts the DC power supplied from the positive line PL2 and the negative line NL into a three-phase AC based on the signal PWI2 from the control device 30C, and outputs it to the motor generator M2 to drive the motor generator M2. Thereby, motor generator M2 is driven to generate torque specified by torque command value TR2.
- the motor generator M2 is also an AC motor similar to the motor generator M1, and is, for example, a three-phase AC motor including a rotor in which a permanent magnet is embedded.
- Current sensors 64 and 66 detect V-phase current Iv2 and W-phase current Iw2, respectively, and output the detected values to control device 30C.
- the rotation angle sensor 68 detects the rotation angle ⁇ 2 of the rotor of the motor generator M2, and outputs the detected value to the control device 30C.
- Control device 30C generates signal PWC for driving boost converter 10 and signal PWI1 for driving motor generator M1, current Iv2 and Iw2 from current sensors 64 and 66, and rotation from rotation angle sensor 68.
- a signal PWI2 for driving motor generator M2 is generated on the basis of detected values of angle ⁇ 2 and voltage Vm, torque command value TR2 and motor rotation speed MRN2 of motor generator M2 received from an external ECU (not shown), and generation thereof The signal PWI2 is output to the inverter 31.
- FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram of a portion related to control of boost converter 10 in control device 30C in the fourth embodiment.
- control device 30 ⁇ / b> C further includes a motor power ripple estimation unit 130, a current correction amount calculation unit 132, and an addition unit 134 in the configuration of control device 30 ⁇ / b> B shown in FIG. 15.
- the motor power ripple estimation unit 130 estimates the amplitude and phase of the power ripple generated with the rotation of the motor generator M2 based on the torque command value TR2 of the motor generator M2 and the motor rotation speed MRN2. For example, motor power ripple estimation unit 130 uses a map obtained in advance with respect to the relationship between the torque and rotation speed of motor generator M2 and the amplitude and phase of the sixth-order component of power ripple generated by the rotation of motor generator M2. Thus, the amplitude Pmx2 and the phase ⁇ 2 of the sixth component of the power ripple are estimated based on the torque command value TR2 and the motor rotational speed MRN2.
- the current correction amount calculation unit 132 performs current correction corresponding to the power ripple based on the amplitude Pmx2 and phase ⁇ 2 of the power ripple estimated by the motor power ripple estimation unit 130 and the detected value of the rotation angle ⁇ 2 from the rotation angle sensor 68.
- the quantity Imx2 is calculated based on the following equation.
- the adder 134 adds the current correction amount Imx2 calculated by the current correction amount calculator 132 to the current correction amount Imx1 calculated by the current correction amount calculator 128, and outputs the added value to the calculator 108A.
- calculation unit 108A adds current correction amounts Imx1 and Imx2 to current command value IR output from voltage control calculation unit 106, and further subtracts the detected value of current IL sampled / held by S / H circuit 116. The calculation result is output to the current control calculation unit 110.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the control effect of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 shows a case where the power ripple generated along with the rotation of motor generator M1 and the power ripple generated along with the rotation of motor generator M2 overlap each other.
- FIG. 20 shows a case where current correction using current correction amounts Imx1 and Imx2 is not performed.
- the current correction is performed by the current correction amounts Imx1 and Imx2, thereby suppressing the fluctuation of the voltage Vm (FIG. 19).
- the same effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, according to the fourth embodiment, mutual interference between motor generators M1 and M2 can be suppressed.
- electric vehicles 100 and 100A may be an electric vehicle using motor generator M1 or M2 as the only driving power source, or further equipped with an engine as the driving power source. It may be a hybrid vehicle, or may be a fuel cell vehicle in which a fuel cell is further mounted in addition to the DC power source B.
- boost converter 10 corresponds to “converter” in the present invention
- switching elements Q1 and Q2 correspond to “first switching element” and “second switching element” in the present invention, respectively.
- Motor power ripple estimation unit 126 and current correction amount calculation unit 128 form a “first variation estimation unit” in the present invention
- motor power ripple estimation unit 130 and current correction amount calculation unit 132 in the present invention
- a “second variation estimation unit” is formed.
- inverter 20 and motor generator M1 form a “driving force generating portion” in the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1によるコンバータの制御装置が適用される電動車両の電気システムを示した図である。図1を参照して、電動車両100は、直流電源Bと、昇圧コンバータ10と、インバータ20と、モータジェネレータM1と、正極線PL1,PL2と、負極線NLと、平滑コンデンサCとを備える。また、電動車両100は、制御装置30と、電圧センサ52,56と、電流センサ54,58,60と、回転角センサ62とをさらに備える。
この実施の形態2では、モータジェネレータM1の回転に伴ない発生する電力リプルを直流電源Bで吸収可能なように昇圧コンバータ10を動作させることによって、電圧Vmの変動をさらに抑制する。
ここで、pはモータ極対数である。
ここで、電圧制御の周期Tvcontを、周波数fmxに対応する周期(1/fmx)の1/4以下に設定するのは、周波数fmxで発生するリプルを確実に検出するためである。ちなみに、たとえば電圧制御の周期Tvcontが周期(1/fmx)の1/2では、周波数fmxで発生するリプルを検知できない可能性がある。なお、電圧制御の制御演算を実行する制御装置30Aの負荷を考慮すると、周期Tvcontを1/fmx/4に設定するのが好ましい。
この実施の形態3では、モータジェネレータM1の回転に伴ない発生する電力リプルを推定し、その推定した電力リプルに応じて昇圧コンバータ10の電流を変化させることによって電圧Vmの変動を抑制する。
そして、演算部108Aは、電圧制御演算部106から出力される電流指令値IRに電流補正量Imx1を加算し、S/H回路116によってサンプリング/ホールドされた電流ILの検出値をさらに減算し、その演算結果を電流制御演算部110へ出力する。
この実施の形態4では、実施の形態3における制御を2モータシステムに適用した場合の実施例が示される。
加算部134は、電流補正量算出部128によって算出された電流補正量Imx1に、電流補正量算出部132によって算出された電流補正量Imx2を加算し、その加算値を演算部108Aへ出力する。
Claims (6)
- 直流電源(B)と電気負荷装置(20,M1)との間に設けられ、前記直流電源の電圧以上に出力電圧を昇圧するコンバータ(10)の制御装置であって、
前記コンバータは、
前記直流電源の正極に一端が接続されるリアクトル(L1)と、
前記リアクトルの他端と前記電気負荷装置との間に接続される第1のスイッチング素子(Q1)と、
前記リアクトルの他端と前記直流電源の負極との間に接続される第2のスイッチング素子(Q2)と、
前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子にそれぞれ逆並列に接続される第1および第2のダイオード(D1,D2)とを含み、
前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子の動作には、前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子が同時に導通状態になるのを防止するためのデッドタイムが設けられ、
前記制御装置は、
前記出力電圧を目標電圧に調整するための制御演算を実行する電圧制御部(106)と、
前記電圧制御部の制御出力を目標電流として、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を前記目標電流に調整するための制御演算を実行する電流制御部(110)と、
前記電流制御部の制御出力に基づいて、前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子を駆動するための信号を生成する信号生成部(112)とを備える、コンバータの制御装置。 - 前記電気負荷装置は、電動機(M1)を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記電動機の回転に伴ない発生する周期的な電力変動に基づいて、前記電圧制御部の演算周期を設定する電圧制御周期設定部(124)をさらに備える、請求の範囲1に記載のコンバータの制御装置。 - 前記電圧制御周期設定部は、前記演算周期を前記電力変動の周期の1/4以下に設定する、請求の範囲2に記載のコンバータの制御装置。
- 前記電気負荷装置は、第1の電動機(M1)を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記第1の電動機のトルクおよび回転数に基づいて、前記第1の電動機の回転に伴ない発生する周期的な電力変動量を示す第1の変動量を推定する第1の変動推定部(126,128)をさらに備え、
前記電流制御部は、前記電圧制御部の制御出力に前記第1の変動量を加算した値を前記目標電流として制御演算を実行する、請求の範囲1に記載のコンバータの制御装置。 - 前記電気負荷装置は、第2の電動機(M2)をさらに含み、
前記制御装置は、前記第2の電動機のトルクおよび回転数に基づいて、前記第2の電動機の回転に伴ない発生する周期的な電力変動量を示す第2の変動量を推定する第2の変動推定部(130,132)をさらに備え、
前記電流制御部は、前記電圧制御部の制御出力に前記第1および第2の変動量を加算した値を前記目標電流として制御演算を実行する、請求の範囲4に記載のコンバータの制御装置。 - 直流電源(B)と、
前記直流電源から供給される電力を用いて車両の駆動力を発生する駆動力発生部(20,M1)と、
直流電源と前記駆動力発生部との間に設けられ、前記駆動力発生部の入力電圧を前記直流電源の電圧以上に昇圧する、請求の範囲1に記載のコンバータ(10)と、
請求の範囲1から5のいずれかに記載のコンバータの制御装置(30,30A~30C)とを備える電動車両。
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US13/322,361 US8760097B2 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Control device for converter and electrically powered vehicle provided with the same |
EP09845195.8A EP2437384B1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Converter control device and electric vehicle using the same |
PCT/JP2009/059666 WO2010137128A1 (ja) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | コンバータの制御装置およびそれを備える電動車両 |
CN200980159490.7A CN102449891B (zh) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | 转换器的控制装置以及具备它的电动车辆 |
JP2011515787A JP5370483B2 (ja) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | コンバータの制御装置およびそれを備える電動車両 |
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JP6125136B1 (ja) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-05-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および駆動装置 |
JP2020150617A (ja) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-17 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力変換装置 |
WO2020183775A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-17 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力変換装置 |
JP7133501B2 (ja) | 2019-03-12 | 2022-09-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力変換装置 |
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EP2437384A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2437384B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
US20120068646A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
JPWO2010137128A1 (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
CN102449891B (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
JP5370483B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
EP2437384A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
CN102449891A (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
US8760097B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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