WO2010079745A1 - 風力発電用蓄電池制御システム及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
風力発電用蓄電池制御システム及びその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010079745A1 WO2010079745A1 PCT/JP2010/000042 JP2010000042W WO2010079745A1 WO 2010079745 A1 WO2010079745 A1 WO 2010079745A1 JP 2010000042 W JP2010000042 W JP 2010000042W WO 2010079745 A1 WO2010079745 A1 WO 2010079745A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control system and a control method for extending the life of a storage battery for suppressing fluctuations in wind power generation in a wind power generation system. It also relates to the optimal operation of a wind power generation system that minimizes system costs including storage batteries and maximizes wind power revenues.
- Japan the government has set a target for introducing new energy to reduce CO2 emissions, and is promoting the introduction of new energy power generation such as solar and wind power while implementing subsidies.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of a storage battery system for suppressing output fluctuations in a wind power generation system.
- the power generation output by wind power generation fluctuates greatly depending on the wind conditions, and if it flows directly into the power system, it adversely affects the power quality of the power system. Therefore, a power storage system output that matches the wind power generation output status is output by a power storage system using a storage battery such as a lead storage battery, a lithium ion battery, or a super capacitor.
- a smooth grid output is generated by synthesizing the wind power generation output and the power storage system output in the power grid, and adverse effects on power quality can be avoided.
- FIG. 19 shows an example of grid interconnection requirements for wind power generation in an electric power company.
- the fluctuation of the combined output of wind power generation and storage battery is regulated so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in 20 minutes of the value averaged for 1 minute is suppressed to 10% or less of the rated output of wind power. Therefore, it is required to satisfy such grid interconnection requirements.
- Patent Document 1 is disclosed as a method for controlling the charge / discharge state (SOC) of a lead storage battery. This method measures the number of times of entering the lower limit range of SOC during charge / discharge of the lead storage battery and raises the SOC level accordingly.
- SOC charge / discharge state
- Patent Document 2 regarding the maintenance of power storage equipment is disclosed.
- the capacity of all the storage batteries is checked by short-time discharge, and only the storage battery whose capacity has become insufficient is replaced to reduce the cost of replacement of the storage battery. .
- JP 2004-186087 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-100000
- Patent Document 1 cannot be implemented in a wind power generation system in which what kind of SOC control should be performed has not been established. Further, it is not only the SOC that affects the life of the storage battery but also various other operating conditions. However, the method of Patent Document 1 does not consider a comprehensive control method including operating conditions other than the SOC. .
- the first object of the present invention is to construct a system that evaluates a control method that can maximize the life of a storage battery and feeds back the result to an actual wind power generation system.
- the second issue is how to make a profit in the entire wind power generation and storage battery system equipped with storage batteries.
- it is a challenge to construct a power generation system that can maximize profits by comprehensively considering the benefits of wind power generation, costs related to grid interconnection, storage battery costs, and the like.
- the purchase price of wind power may change depending on the power quality.
- the purchase price may change depending on whether the wind power generation system has been able to generate electricity according to the amount predicted. Even in such a case, it is required to construct a power generation system that can maximize the profit from the balance between the income and the cost.
- the present invention provides a wind power generation / storage battery system having a storage battery, a storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit for collecting storage battery data in the wind power generation / storage battery system, and the storage battery operation / storage battery. Based on the data collected by the degradation data collection unit, based on the information obtained by the storage battery operation-degradation relationship evaluation unit and the storage battery operation-degradation relationship evaluation unit for evaluating the relationship between the operation of the storage battery and the life and degradation.
- a storage battery operation planning unit that plans a storage battery operation method that satisfies the required life requirements, and a storage battery operation instruction unit that instructs the operation of the storage battery in the wind power generation / storage battery system according to the plan of the storage battery operation planning unit It is characterized by that.
- a wind power generation / storage battery system having a storage battery, a storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit for collecting storage battery data in the wind power generation / storage battery system, and data collected by the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit
- a storage battery operation-deterioration relationship evaluation unit that evaluates the relationship between storage battery operation, life and deterioration
- a storage battery cost evaluation unit that evaluates information related to the cost of the storage battery
- a grid connection penalty cost paid to the power company Electricity company penalty cost evaluation section that evaluates costs including revenues from wind power generation and wind power generation, and storage battery operation that optimizes the cost based on information obtained from the storage battery operation-degradation relation evaluation section, storage battery cost information, and power company cost information
- a storage battery operation planning unit for planning a method, and according to the plan of the storage battery operation planning unit, Characterized by providing a storage battery operation instruction unit for instructing the operation of the storage battery in the force generation and the battery system.
- a wind power generation / storage battery system a storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit that collects data of the wind power generation / storage battery system, and a storage battery operation based on data collected by the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit
- Storage battery operation for evaluating the relationship between operation and deterioration-Degradation relation evaluation unit, and storage battery operation plan for planning a storage battery operation method that satisfies the required life requirements using information obtained by the storage battery operation-deterioration relationship evaluation unit In accordance with the plan of the storage battery operation planning unit, and a storage battery operation control unit for instructing the wind power generation / storage battery system to operate the storage battery.
- the operation of the storage battery is performed using the Taguchi method (dynamic characteristics). Seeking influence on battery life and degradation sites conditions, and performs relationship evaluation of operational conditions and battery life and degradation sites.
- a wind power generation / storage battery system having a storage battery, a storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit for collecting storage battery data in the wind power generation / storage battery system, and a data collected by the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit
- a storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit that evaluates the relationship between storage battery operation and deterioration
- a storage battery cost evaluation unit that evaluates information related to the cost of the storage battery, a grid connection penalty cost paid to an electric power company
- wind power A power company cost evaluation unit that evaluates costs including revenues from power generation, and a storage battery operation-degradation relationship evaluation unit, a storage battery cost information, and a power company cost information based on the information obtained from the storage battery operation-degradation relationship evaluation unit
- the wind power generation / storage battery according to the plan of the storage battery operation planning unit
- a storage battery operation instruction unit for instructing the operation of the storage battery in the system, in a control method of a storage battery control system for
- the wind power generation / storage battery can be maintained up to the target life of the storage battery under natural conditions such as wind conditions / temperature conditions specific to the power generation site where the wind power generation / storage battery system is installed.
- System control can be optimized at any time.
- Wind power generation and storage batteries that optimize (maximize profits) total costs such as revenue from electricity generated using natural energy, wind power generation and storage battery system costs including maintenance costs, and costs paid to electric power companies System control can be implemented at any time.
- Example 1 of this invention It is a functional block diagram which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the storage battery data collection by a semiconductor chip. It is explanatory drawing which shows the data of a storage battery operation and a storage battery degradation data collection part. It is a schematic diagram which shows the lifetime prediction tool of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of a storage battery operation and a storage battery deterioration relation evaluation part. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the operating conditions of a lead acid battery, a battery life, and a degradation part. It is explanatory drawing which shows the lifetime prediction method by Taguchi method. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the operating conditions of a lead acid battery, a battery life, and a degradation part.
- FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the first embodiment.
- the functional blocks of the present invention include a wind power generation / storage battery system 101 and storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 provided at a power generation site, a storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 provided at a remote control site, and a lead storage battery.
- the storage battery operation planning unit 104 and the storage battery operation instruction unit 105 satisfy the necessary life requirements.
- the wind power generation / storage battery system 101 includes a wind power generation apparatus and a control apparatus that controls a lead storage battery that equalizes the output thereof.
- the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 is usually provided in a control device of the wind power generation / storage battery system, and collects operation data and deterioration data of the lead storage battery in the wind power generation / storage battery system 101. Data collected by the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 is transmitted to the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 of the remote control site via the network.
- Storage battery operation / collection of storage battery degradation data may be performed by a semiconductor chip 106 mounted on the storage battery itself in the wind power generation / storage battery system 101 as shown in FIG.
- the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 evaluates the relationship between the operation of the lead storage battery and the life and deterioration based on the collected data of the lead storage battery. Then, the storage battery operation planning unit 104 uses the storage battery operation-deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 to determine the operation method of the lead storage battery so as to satisfy the required life requirement of the lead storage battery based on the relationship information on the operation and deterioration of the lead storage battery. (Control method) is planned. Based on the operation plan created by the storage battery operation planning unit 104, the storage battery operation instruction unit 105 transmits the operation instruction information of the lead storage battery to the wind power generation / storage battery system 101 via the network, and wind power generation based on this information. The control device of the storage battery system 101 performs appropriate operation and control of the lead storage battery.
- the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103, the storage battery operation planning unit 104, and the storage battery operation instruction unit 105 are configured on a life prediction tool that is a software program that operates on a host computer at a remote control site.
- Storage Battery Operation / Storage Battery Degradation Data Collection Department Next, the operation and contents of each functional block will be described in detail.
- the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 includes various sensors, a storage device, a communication device, and the like, and collects data related to the operation and deterioration of the lead storage battery. An example of data collected by the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 is shown in FIG.
- the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 collects data such as storage battery operation data (controllable data) and storage battery deterioration data.
- Examples of storage battery operation data include: (1a) equal charge interval, (1b) equal charge voltage, (1c) equal charge amount, (1d) SOC usage range (central value), (1e) SOC Use range (width), (1f) charge / discharge cycle (high frequency), (1g) charge / discharge cycle (low frequency), (1h) charge / discharge current and the like.
- the charge / discharge cycle is a time interval of charge / discharge.
- (1f) charge / discharge cycle (high frequency) has a short charge / discharge time interval (eg, several seconds to several minutes)
- (1g) charge / discharge cycle (low frequency) has a long charge / discharge time interval (eg, : Several hours to several tens of hours).
- Examples of storage battery deterioration data include (2a) battery capacity reduction, (2b) positive electrode lattice corrosion, (2c) negative electrode sulfation (lead sulfate amount), (2d) electrolyte stratification (specific gravity), (2e) electrolyte amount Etc.
- the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 collects the data as described above, and transmits the collected data to the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 via the network.
- the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 has constructed a part of a life prediction tool (life / deterioration analysis model) as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 4, and the content is updated as needed according to input data.
- the life prediction tool is composed of computer hardware and software programs. Given the operation conditions of the battery including the charge / discharge pattern of the lead storage battery, the life of the lead storage battery and the deterioration status of each part of the lead storage battery are determined by a predetermined calculation process. Is predicted and output.
- the present invention mainly includes the configuration of this life prediction tool (life / deterioration prediction model).
- the life sensitivity evaluation part 301 calculates the sensitivity with respect to the lead storage battery life of each operation condition from the data of the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection part 102 by the Taguchi method method. Further, the limit value of each use condition is input from the use limit input unit 302. The operation condition / battery life comparison and evaluation unit 305 compares and evaluates these data, determines the relationship between the data, and outputs the data to the storage battery operation planning unit 104. Based on the output of the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103, the storage battery operation planning unit 104 calculates and displays the life corresponding to the use condition input desired by the client and the life under the optimum conditions.
- the deterioration sensitivity evaluation unit 303 calculates the sensitivity of each operation condition with respect to the lead storage battery deterioration site from the data of the storage battery operation / storage battery deterioration data collection unit 102 by the Taguchi method method. Further, the limit value of each use condition is input from the use limit input unit 304. The operation condition / degraded part comparison / evaluation unit 306 compares and evaluates these data, determines the relationship between the data, and outputs the data to the storage battery operation plan unit 104. Based on the output of the storage battery operation / deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103, the storage battery operation planning unit 104 calculates and displays the use limit and the optimum use condition according to the use condition input desired by the client.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the operation conditions of the lead-acid battery and the battery life / deterioration site.
- the following (1) to (6) are examples of operating conditions that are controllable and that are considered to affect the life and deterioration.
- Equal charge interval Equal charge interval that is regularly fully charged
- SOC State of Charge
- Charge / discharge cycle Charge / discharge cycle (cycle) (Charge ⁇ Discharge time interval)
- Charging / discharging current magnitude of current when charging / discharging
- Temperature temperature of the place where the battery is installed
- Charging efficiency parameters used when estimating the efficiency and SOC during charging
- Positive electrode lattice corrosion The positive electrode lattice corrodes due to oxidation.
- Electrolyte stratification The specific gravity of the electrolyte can be biased, which hinders the role of the battery.
- Charging / discharging cycle Generally, deterioration proceeds when there are many charging / discharging cycles. (Effects of charging and discharging with a short cycle such as wind power generation output may differ from this).
- Charging / discharging current When the magnitude of the current during charging / discharging is too large, the temperature in the battery rises due to heat generation of the battery, and promotes positive grid corrosion. In addition, water evaporation of the electrolytic solution (decrease in the electrolytic solution) is also caused, and there is a case where the capacity is reduced faster than usual.
- Temperature When the temperature of the battery installation place is high, positive grid corrosion tends to be promoted.
- Charging efficiency a charging efficiency parameter used when estimating the SOC. If the charging efficiency is different from the actual charging efficiency, the SOC estimation error accumulates, resulting in overcharging, and (A) positive grid corrosion may progress. There is.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a life prediction model using the dynamic characteristics of Taguchi method.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a life prediction method using the Tacti method.
- the Taguchi method dynamic characteristics
- sensitivity expressed by “sensitivity”.
- the operation condition “equal charge interval” is compared under the conditions of (A) equal charge interval “every two weeks” and (B) equal charge interval “every month”.
- a deterioration prediction model can be constructed in the same manner as the life (capacity reduction) of the lead storage battery.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a method for measuring the lifetime of a battery and deterioration of each part, and a limit value that can be used.
- the life of a lead-acid battery has reached the limit of use when its capacity drops by 30%.
- the deterioration of each part is measured by measuring the following values, and the use limit is reached when a predetermined reference value is reached.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory views showing an example of examining the influence of the use range of the SOC on (A) positive electrode grid corrosion.
- FIG. 9A shows the positive grid corrosion with respect to battery usage
- FIG. 9B shows the sensitivity of each level.
- 10A and 10B are explanatory views showing an example of examining the influence of the use range of the SOC on (B) sulfation of the negative electrode.
- FIG. 10A shows the amount of lead sulfate with respect to the battery usage date
- FIG. 10B shows the sensitivity of each level.
- the SOC use range is set to the current standard use range (30% to 80%), and the values shaken up and down are set to the following levels (1) to (3). Assume that
- FIG. 11 is a setting example of control factors and level values in the L18 experiment.
- control factors that affect the life of lead-acid batteries (a) uniform charging interval, (b) SOC usage range (center value), (c) SOC usage range (width), (d) charge / discharge cycle (high frequency) ), (E) charge / discharge cycle (low frequency), (f) charge / discharge current, (g) temperature, and (h) charge efficiency.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of the L18 orthogonal table.
- the storage battery operation-deterioration relationship evaluation unit 103 can be constructed using the life prediction based on the Taguchi method (dynamic characteristics).
- FIG. 13 to 15 are examples of interface screens in a computer system in which the user can easily check the life / deterioration prediction results of the lead storage battery by the life prediction tool using Taguchi method (dynamic characteristics).
- FIG. 13 shows an input (menu selection) screen of the life prediction tool.
- the operating conditions are control factors (a to h), and the experimental level (a: 2 level, b to h: 3 level) of the lead-acid battery for wind power generation is displayed in a pull-down menu, which can be specified by the combination. .
- the Life Prediction Tool After selecting the operating condition to be evaluated with the menu button on the left side of the screen, select the evaluation execution button on the right side.
- the Life Prediction Tool displays the operating conditions selected from the menu on the left, the number of years until the lead-acid battery reaches the end of its life under the optimal operating conditions, The number of years of deterioration of the part (until the usage limit is reached) is calculated and displayed.
- the life prediction tool passes the operating conditions selected in the menu on the left and the years specified in the optimal operating conditions The capacity of the lead storage battery and the degree of deterioration of each part are obtained and displayed.
- FIG. 14 shows an example 1 of an output screen that is displayed when the “life prediction” button is pressed in the upper right column.
- the result of evaluating the number of years until the lead-acid battery life (usage limit) is reached [30% reduction in lead-acid battery capacity] is shown. ing.
- the operational conditions selected by the user from the menu are displayed in the center of the lower column of the life prediction tool screen, and a prediction result is displayed that the lead storage battery life is 17 years.
- the “lifetime” when the “lifetime prediction tool” automatically performs “optimum operation conditions” and the optimum operation is also required.
- the optimum operating condition obtained by the life prediction tool is displayed in the right part of the lower column of the screen, and it can be seen that the predicted life in the case where the optimum operation is performed is 21 years.
- FIG. 15 shows an example 2 of a prediction result display screen when a specified number of years has elapsed by pressing the “year of use” ⁇ “capacity / degradation degree” prediction column button in the lower right of FIG.
- An example in which the positive electrode lattice corrosion after 21 years of use is predicted is displayed in the lower column of the screen in FIG.
- the operation conditions selected by the user from the menu are displayed again in the center column of the life prediction tool screen.
- the amount of corrosion of the positive electrode lattice is 41%, and a message “Over Use Limit” is displayed. In other words, if an operation method and a target year are specified and evaluated, it can be predicted whether or not the target can be achieved by such operation.
- This life prediction tool automatically requires "optimal operating conditions” and "deterioration status when the specified years have passed after optimal operation".
- the optimum operation condition obtained by the life prediction tool is shown on the right side.
- the predicted value of the positive electrode grid corrosion amount after 21 years is predicted to be 35%.
- the use limit of positive grid corrosion has not been reached even after 21 years. Therefore, if the control to use the lead storage battery can be performed under the operating conditions as required by the life prediction tool, it is predicted that the positive electrode grid corrosion can be used even after the target 21 years have passed.
- this life prediction tool it is possible to predict the life of a lead storage battery and the years until deterioration (use limit) of each part under various operating conditions. In addition, under various operating conditions, it is possible to predict the battery capacity decrease and the progress of deterioration of each part when a specified number of years have passed. Furthermore, even if the user does not operate, it is possible to automatically obtain the optimum operation condition by the life prediction tool itself. These outputs are transmitted to a power generation site using a network, and are used for optimal operation of the wind power generation / storage battery system 101.
- FIG. 16 shows an example 3 of a display screen of the result of analyzing the factor of the Taguchi method automatically by analyzing the data collected by the life prediction tool through experiments.
- FIG. 16 shows a graph showing the factor effect (sensitivity) for each control factor (operating condition).
- the level of sensitivity at the level of 3 levels (2 levels only for A) is displayed visually and clearly.
- the life / deterioration prediction the lower the sensitivity, the harder the life / deterioration progresses, and the operation method has a longer life.
- the life prediction tool can automatically analyze the factors of Taguchi method and build a prediction model. The more data, the better the prediction accuracy improves. is there. Therefore, it is possible to collect data periodically based on the L18 experiment plan created for the lead acid battery for wind power and improve the prediction accuracy. In addition, it is possible to plan control that satisfies the required life using the above life prediction tool.
- Example 2 of this invention replaces with the storage battery operation planning part 104 which plans the operation method of the lead storage battery of Example 1, and evaluates the information regarding the cost of a lead storage battery.
- Storage battery cost evaluation unit 201 grid connection penalty cost paid to the power company, power company penalty cost evaluation unit 202 for evaluating costs such as profits obtained by selling wind power generation, and storage battery operation-deterioration relationship
- An optimum cost storage battery operation planning unit 203 for planning the operation of the lead storage battery having the optimum cost from the information of the evaluation unit 103, the information of the storage battery cost evaluation unit 201, and the information of the power company cost evaluation unit 202 is provided.
- the lead battery storage cost information evaluated by the storage battery cost evaluation unit 201 includes storage battery initial purchase costs, maintenance costs, storage battery replacement costs, and the like.
- the electric power company cost evaluated by the electric power company cost evaluation unit 202 includes a wind power purchase cost (revenue), a consignment fee, and interconnection requirements (which may vary depending on the quality of electric power). Includes penalty costs.
- the operation method may be planned so that the cost related to the lead storage battery and the cost (revenue) related to the electric power company are maximized.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention can be implemented.
- the second embodiment even when the purchase price of wind power generation changes depending on the quality of the power generated by wind power generation in the future, or whether or not the power is generated according to the amount of notice, etc. It is possible to control the system to obtain the optimum profit including the price difference.
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Abstract
Description
蓄電池運用計画部104によって作成された運用計画をもとに、蓄電池運用指示部105は、ネットワークを介して風力発電・蓄電池システム101に鉛蓄電池の運用指示情報を送信し、これを元に風力発電・蓄電池システム101の制御装置は鉛蓄電池の適切な運用および制御を行う。
〔蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部〕
次に、各機能ブロックの動作・内容について詳しく説明する。蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部102は各種センサと記憶装置、通信装置等を備え、鉛蓄電池の運用や劣化に関するデータを収集する。蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部102が収集するデータの例を図3に示す。蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部102は、蓄電池の運用データ(制御可能データ)、蓄電池劣化データ等のデータを収集する。
〔蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部〕
蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部102は、上述のようなデータを収集し、収集したデータをネットワークを介して蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部103に送信する。
(2)SOC(State of Charge):鉛蓄電池のチャージレベル
(3)充放電サイクル:充放電のサイクル(周期)(充電・放電の時間間隔)
(4)充放電電流:充放電する時の電流の大きさ
(5)温度:電池を設置する場所の温度
(6)充電効率:充電時の効率、SOCを推定する時に用いるパラメータ
また、鉛蓄電池の劣化部位/劣化現象の代表的な例としては下記の(A)~(C)が挙げられる。
電池役割に支障をきたす。
(1)均等充電間隔:定期的に満充電状態とすると、長期間部分充電状態(PSOC)で使用する時に起こりがちな(B)負極のサルフェーションや(C)電解液の成層化を緩和し、鉛蓄電池の寿命を延ばすことができる。
(2)SOC:SOCレベルが高くて過充電となると(A)正極格子腐食が進む。逆にSOCレベルが低いと(B)負極のサルフェーションが起こる可能性が高まる。
(3)充放電サイクル:一般的には、充放電のサイクルが多いと劣化が進行する。(風力発電出力のような周期の短い充放電による影響は、これと異なる場合がある)。
(4)充放電電流:充放電する時の電流の大きさがあまり大きいと、電池の発熱により電池内温度が上昇して、正極格子腐食を促進する。また、電解液の水分蒸発(電解液減少)も引き起こし、通常より早い容量低下が起こる場合がある。
(5)温度:電池設置場所の温度が高温の場合、正極格子腐食が促進される傾向がある。
(6)充電効率:SOCを推定する時に用いる充電時の効率パラメータであり、実際の充電効率と異なっているとSOC推定誤差が累積し、過充電となって(A)正極格子腐食が進む恐れがある。
〔寿命・劣化予測モデル〕
電池の運用条件と電池の寿命・劣化関係に関する予測モデルを構築するための、タグチメソッド(動特性)を使ったモデル化手法について説明する。電池の劣化にかかわる運用条件は前述のとおり様々なものがある。さらに、これらの条件の組合せについては膨大な組合せ数が考えられ、コストや期間の制約から全ての組合せ条件について寿命や劣化がどのように進むのか実験・測定を行うのは困難である。しかし、タグチメソッド技法とL18実験計画技法を用いることにより、電池の劣化にかかわる運用条件との寿命や劣化の関係を、現実的な組合せ数範囲内の実験により求めることができる。図7にタグチメソッドの動特性を使った寿命予測モデルの模式図を示す。
(B)負極のサルフェーション・・・測定値:硫酸鉛量、使用限界:15%
(C)電解液の成層化・・・測定値:電解液比重、使用限界:0.1
前節で説明したのと同様に、劣化に関係する様々な運用条件と各部位の劣化の関係を調べるため、タグチメソッドの要因分析を行いて各要因の感度を求める。それにより、複雑な運用条件(制御因子)の組合せがある中で、各々の運用条件についてそれぞれ独立に各部位の劣化に対する影響度を調べることができる。
(2)30%~80%
(3)40%~90%
一般的には、SOCが高い方が「(A)正極格子腐食」を促進する方向の影響が出やすく、SOCが低い方が「(B)負極のサルフェーション」を促進する方向の影響が出やすい傾向があると言われている。しかし、もし上記(1)~(3)の水準にて実験を行い、タグチメソッドの要因分析を行った結果、感度が図9Bに示すような関係だったとする。即ち、現在の標準的な使用範囲(2)のケースでは図9Aに示すように「(A)正極格子腐食」の進行が目標の年数を達成するか否かぎりぎりのところであるが、使用範囲を(1)に下げると、「(A)正極格子腐食」の進行が劇的に遅くなる(長寿命化する)とする。一方、図10Aに示す様に(B)負極のサルフェーションについては、現状のSOC使用範囲(2)から使用範囲を(1)に下げても劣化の進行はそれほど早まらず目標の年数をクリアできるとする。その場合、風力発電用鉛蓄電池のSOC使用範囲は(1)とした方が長寿命にできることが分かる。
〔寿命予測ツール〕
図13~図15は、タグチメソッド(動特性)を用いた寿命予測ツールによる鉛蓄電池の寿命・劣化予測結果を、ユーザが容易に確認できるようにしたコンピュータシステムにおけるインタフェース画面の例である。図13に、寿命予測ツールの入力(メニュー選択)画面を示す。画面左に表示されている「制御可能な条件の選択」メニューボタンにより、鉛蓄電池の運用条件を指定し、指定した条件での鉛蓄電池の寿命や劣化の評価を行うことができる。運用条件は、制御因子(a~h)で、風力発電用鉛蓄電池の実験水準(a:2水準、b~h:3水準)がプルダウンメニュー表示され、その組合せで指定できるようになっている。
102:蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部
103:蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部
104:蓄電池運用計画部
105:蓄電池運用指示部
106:半導体チップ
201:蓄電池コスト評価部
202:電力会社ペナルティコスト評価部
203:最適コスト蓄電池運用計画部
Claims (13)
- 蓄電池を有する風力発電・蓄電池システムと、該風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池のデータを収集する蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部と、該蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部により収集されたデータをもとに蓄電池の運用と寿命及び劣化の関係を評価する蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、該蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部により得られた情報に基づいて必要な寿命要件を満足する蓄電池の運用方法を計画する蓄電池運用計画部と、該蓄電池運用計画部の計画に従って、前記風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池の運用を指示する蓄電池運用指示部とを設けたことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 蓄電池を有する風力発電・蓄電池システムと、該風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池のデータを収集する蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部と、該蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部により収集されたデータをもとに蓄電池の運用と寿命及び劣化の関係を評価する蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、前記蓄電池のコストに関する情報を評価する蓄電池コスト評価部と、電力会社に対して支払う系統連系ペナルティコストや風力発電による収益を含むコストを評価する電力会社ペナルティコスト評価部と、該蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部により得られた情報および蓄電池コスト情報および電力会社コスト情報に基づいて最適な蓄電池の運用方法を計画する蓄電池運用計画部と、該蓄電池運用計画部の計画に従って、前記風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池の運用を指示する蓄電池運用指示部とを設けたことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、前記蓄電池運用計画部と、前記蓄電池運用指示部は、コンピュータ上で作動するソフトウェアプログラムから構成され、蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部は前記風力発電・蓄電池システムにおいて前記蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部で収集された蓄電池の運用・劣化データを、タグチメソッド(動特性)を用いて評価処理することを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部が収集する蓄電池運用データは、均等充電間隔、均等充電電圧、均等充電量、SOC使用範囲、充放電サイクル(周期)、充放電のパターン、充電と放電の時間間隔、充放電電流、温度、充電効率の少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部が収集する蓄電池劣化データは、電池容量低下、正極格子腐食、負極サルフェーション、電解液成層化、電解液量の少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、蓄電池寿命と劣化部位の限界値を、蓄電池の定格に比較した蓄電池容量低下をマイナス30%以下、正極格子腐食量を40重量%以下、負極サルフェーションにおける硫酸鉛量を15%以下、電解液成層化における電解液比重差を0.1以下として警告を表示することを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池は鉛蓄電池を用いたことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部は蓄電池に設けられた半導体チップからなることを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池を有する風力発電・蓄電池システムと、該風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池のデータを収集する蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部は発電サイトに設けられ、前記蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、前記蓄電池運用計画部と、前記蓄電池運用指示部は発電サイトとネットワークで接続された遠隔制御サイトに設けられたことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、前記蓄電池運用計画部と、前記蓄電池運用指示部は、コンピュータ上で作動するソフトウェアプログラムから構成されたことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載された風力発電用蓄電池制御システムにおいて、前記蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、前記蓄電池運用計画部と、前記蓄電池運用指示部は、指定条件に対する予測寿命と、最適条件における予測寿命を出力することを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システム。
- 風力発電・蓄電池システムと、該風力発電・蓄電池システムのデータを収集する蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部と、該蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部により収集されたデータをもとに蓄電池の運用と寿命及び劣化の関係を評価する蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、該蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部により得られた情報を使って必要な寿命要件を満足する蓄電池の運用方法を計画する蓄電池運用計画部と、該蓄電池運用計画部の計画に従って、前記風力発電・蓄電池システムに対して蓄電池の運用を指示する蓄電池運用指示部とを設けた風力発電用蓄電池制御システムの制御方法において、
蓄電池の運用と劣化の関係を評価し必要な寿命要件を満足する蓄電池の運用を計画する際に、タグチメソッド(動特性)を用いて蓄電池の運用条件の蓄電池寿命および劣化部位に対する影響度を求め、運用条件と蓄電池寿命および劣化部位の関係評価を行うことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システムの制御方法。 - 蓄電池を有する風力発電・蓄電池システムと、該風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池のデータを収集する蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部と、該蓄電池運用・蓄電池劣化データ収集部により収集されたデータをもとに蓄電池の運用と寿命及び劣化の関係を評価する蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部と、前記蓄電池のコストに関する情報を評価する蓄電池コスト評価部と、電力会社に対して支払う系統連系ペナルティコストや風力発電による収益を含むコストを評価する電力会社コスト評価部と、該蓄電池運用-劣化関係評価部により得られた情報および蓄電池コスト情報および電力会社コスト情報に基づいてコスト最適な蓄電池の運用方法を計画する蓄電池運用計画部と、該蓄電池運用計画部の計画に従って、前記風力発電・蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池の運用を指示する蓄電池運用指示部とを設けたことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システムの制御方法において、
蓄電池の運用と劣化の関係を評価し必要な寿命要件を満足する蓄電池の運用を計画する際に、タグチメソッド(動特性)を用いて蓄電池の運用条件の蓄電池寿命および劣化部位に対する影響度を求め、運用条件と蓄電池寿命および劣化部位の関係評価を行うことを特徴とする風力発電用蓄電池制御システムの制御方法。
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CN102830365B (zh) * | 2012-09-12 | 2015-04-01 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | 兆瓦级风力发电机组变桨系统电池自动测试方法及系统 |
JP2014163875A (ja) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-08 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 蓄電池制御システム及びその蓄電池劣化度予測方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102124219A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
US9124135B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 |
US20110288691A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
KR20110033278A (ko) | 2011-03-30 |
JP5630537B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2386754A1 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
JP2013231441A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
JP2010159661A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
EP2386754B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
JP5310003B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
KR101260137B1 (ko) | 2013-05-02 |
EP2386754A4 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
CN102124219B (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
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