WO2010064444A1 - 不揮発性記憶素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
不揮発性記憶素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010064444A1 WO2010064444A1 PCT/JP2009/006618 JP2009006618W WO2010064444A1 WO 2010064444 A1 WO2010064444 A1 WO 2010064444A1 JP 2009006618 W JP2009006618 W JP 2009006618W WO 2010064444 A1 WO2010064444 A1 WO 2010064444A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/06—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
- H01L27/0688—Integrated circuits having a three-dimensional layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/20—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/20—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes
- H10B63/22—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes of the metal-insulator-metal type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/30—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/80—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays
- H10B63/82—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays the switching components having a common active material layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/021—Formation of switching materials, e.g. deposition of layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/883—Oxides or nitrides
- H10N70/8833—Binary metal oxides, e.g. TaOx
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonvolatile memory element that stores data using a material whose resistance value reversibly changes when an electrical pulse is applied, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- ReRAM resistive random access
- ReRAM ReRAM
- it is required to establish a material capable of stably generating a change in resistance value with good reproducibility even if a memory element constituted by a resistance change layer is miniaturized, and a process for producing the material. R & D is actively conducted.
- a memory cell composed of a resistance change layer provided in a region where a word line and a bit line intersect and a memory cell composed of a two-terminal element having nonlinear current / voltage characteristics are provided.
- the formed structure is known (first conventional example; see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the selectivity of the memory cell is improved by the switching characteristics of the nonlinear element (characteristics that become a conductive state or a non-conductive state depending on whether the applied voltage exceeds a threshold value). It is said that a ReRAM capable of high-speed access can be realized.
- ReRAM that realizes a finer structure.
- a memory device using a pore structure using nanoholes is known (second conventional example; see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- This memory device is a nano-hole structure formed by anodic oxidation, in which a memory element or the like in which a lower electrode, a memory layer, and an upper electrode are embedded is produced as a pore structure, and thereby a ferroelectric material having a large effective area. It is said that an element or a resistance change element can be manufactured, and as a result, a semiconductor memory having a high surface density and a large capacity can be manufactured.
- JP 2006-203098 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-120421
- the selectivity of the memory cell is improved by the switching characteristics of the nonlinear element, so that high-density and high-speed access is possible.
- the first conventional example does not specifically describe a method of forming a memory element and a nonlinear element made of a resistance change layer provided in a region where a word line and a bit line intersect.
- the side wall of the variable resistor which is the memory portion of the variable resistance element, is reduced in resistance (short circuit) or increased in resistance (open (open) due to etching damage or the like.
- the characteristics are degraded by, for example, open)), and the characteristic variation of the memory cell tends to increase. That is, stable storage performance cannot be obtained.
- the capacity can be increased.
- the lower electrode, the storage layer, and the upper electrode are embedded in the nanohole. Is formed.
- the memory layer extends to a thin cylindrical region sandwiched between a columnar upper electrode located at the center of the nanohole and a cylindrical lower electrode formed along the inner wall of the nanohole.
- the contact connected to the upper electrode is a hole that is finer than the nanohole structure forming the memory element, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are short-circuited, and the memory function cannot be exhibited. Since it is necessary to develop a new technology in order to stably form a finer hole than a fine nanohole structure so as to be positioned only on the upper electrode, it is not suitable for a conventional semiconductor process. In other words, the second conventional example is difficult to miniaturize in the conventional semiconductor process.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a nonvolatile memory element that can be miniaturized and has stable memory performance, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a nonvolatile memory element of the present invention includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer formed on the substrate, and one type selected from transition metals formed on the lower electrode layer, or A resistance layer including an oxygen-deficient metal oxide in which a metal composed of a plurality of elements is oxidized, and the oxygen-deficient metal oxide formed on the resistance layer and having a higher oxygen content than the resistance layer.
- a resistance change layer Including a resistance change layer, a wiring layer formed above the lower electrode layer, a contact hole interposed between the substrate and the wiring layer, and extending from the wiring layer to the resistance change layer.
- the lower electrode layer is formed on the substrate means that the lower electrode layer is formed directly on the substrate according to a general interpretation, and the other electrode is formed on the substrate. It means both of the case where the lower electrode layer is formed through the material. Further, “seeing from the thickness direction of the substrate” means “looking through or not seen through from the thickness direction of the substrate”.
- the “interlayer insulating layer” is an interlayer insulating layer formed in one process in the manufacturing process of the nonvolatile memory element, and a plurality of interlayers formed in a plurality of processes in the manufacturing process of the nonvolatile memory element. It refers to both the interlayer insulating layer formed by combining the insulating layers into one.
- the resistance change layer is formed so as to be positioned in the resistance layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, so that the memory portion can be configured even if the resistance layer is damaged by dry etching or the like in the manufacturing process.
- the resistance change layer is less affected by this.
- the memory portion is a resistance change layer sandwiched between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer, and is formed at the bottom of the contact hole. Therefore, the basic structural unit of the memory element having the memory portion is determined by a contact hole manufacturing process formed by embedding the upper electrode layer in the interlayer insulating layer.
- the basic structural unit of the memory element can be miniaturized to the minimum size of the process rule of the manufacturing process. Therefore, the nonvolatile memory element can be miniaturized.
- the variable resistance layer, the upper electrode layer, and the lower electrode layer can be formed on a flat substrate by an individual process by a normal semiconductor process, and have a portion that performs functions other than the memory unit, The same mask process (for example, a CMOS process) can be used as a standard. Therefore, a highly reliable nonvolatile memory element can be easily manufactured by a simple process.
- variable resistance layer is formed so that the entirety of the variable resistance layer is located in the variable resistance layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and the contact hole is formed so as to reach only the variable resistance layer. It is preferable.
- the memory portion can be stored even if the resistance layer is damaged by dry etching or the like in the manufacturing process. It is possible to prevent the influence from being exerted on the variable resistance layer.
- the oxygen-deficient metal oxide is preferably an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide TaO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5). According to this configuration, a stable resistance changing operation can be obtained.
- the variable resistance layer is formed by sequentially forming the lower electrode layer and the resistance layer on the substrate, and then forming an interlayer insulating layer on the substrate so as to cover the lower electrode layer and the resistance layer.
- the contact hole may be formed by forming a contact hole penetrating the interlayer insulating layer so as to reach the resistance layer, and then oxidizing the resistance layer exposed at the bottom of the contact hole.
- the non-volatile memory element is formed in a band shape on the substrate in a band shape, in a band shape above the first wiring layer, and formed to cross the first wiring layer in three dimensions.
- the resistance change layer is formed on a portion of the resistance layer of the first wiring layer located at a three-dimensional intersection of the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer,
- the interlayer insulating layer is interposed between the substrate and the second wiring layer, and a contact hole is formed from the second wiring layer to the resistance change layer so as to cover at least the first wiring layer.
- the upper electrode layer is formed on the contact hole. It may be formed so as to be connected to the variable resistance layer and the second wiring layer. According to this configuration, it is possible to realize a cross-point type nonvolatile memory element that can obtain a stable memory function and can be miniaturized.
- the plurality of first wiring layers are formed so as to be spaced apart from each other
- the plurality of second wiring layers are formed so as to be spaced from each other
- each The second wiring layer is formed so as to intersect with the plurality of first wiring layers, and the resistance change occurs at an intersection of each of the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer as viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate.
- a layer, the contact hole, and the upper electrode layer may be formed. According to this configuration, it is possible to realize a large-capacity cross-point type nonvolatile memory element that can obtain a stable memory function and can be miniaturized.
- variable resistance layer is formed by sequentially laminating the lower electrode layer and the resistive layer in a strip shape on the substrate, and then forming an interlayer insulating layer on the substrate so as to cover the lower electrode layer and the resistive layer And then forming a contact hole that penetrates the interlayer insulating layer so as to reach the resistance layer, and then oxidizing the resistance layer exposed at the bottom of the contact hole. Good.
- a non-ohmic element is formed between the lower electrode layer and the second wiring layer so as to be connected in series to the variable resistance layer, and the non-ohmic element has a voltage at least in a certain voltage range. It is preferable to have a voltage-current characteristic in which the ratio of the increase in the absolute value of the current to the increase in the absolute value of the voltage increases as the absolute value increases. According to this configuration, writing errors and reading errors due to crosstalk can be prevented.
- the non-ohmic element may be formed between the resistance change layer and the second wiring layer.
- the non-ohmic element may be a MIM diode, an MSM diode, or a varistor.
- the method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element in which the resistance value of the resistance change layer is reversibly changed by applying an electrical pulse between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.
- a nonvolatile memory element having a stable memory function can be manufactured by forming the variable resistance layer so as to be positioned in the resistive layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate.
- the nonvolatile memory element can be miniaturized.
- a highly reliable nonvolatile memory element can be easily manufactured through a simple process.
- the contact hole is formed so that the bottom of the contact hole is entirely located in the resistance layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate. According to this configuration, even if the resistance layer is damaged by dry etching or the like during the manufacturing process, it is possible to prevent the resistance change layer constituting the memory unit from being affected.
- step A a plurality of laminated bodies of the lower electrode layer and the resistance layer are formed on the substrate so as to be arranged in a strip shape and spaced apart from each other, and the laminated body constitutes a first wiring layer.
- step B an interlayer insulating layer is formed on the substrate on which the step A has been performed so as to cover the plurality of first wiring layers.
- step C the resistance layer of each first wiring layer is formed.
- a plurality of the contact holes are formed so as to reach a plurality of portions in the longitudinal direction (hereinafter referred to as a three-dimensional intersection planned portion), and the plurality of three-dimensional intersection planned portions of the first wiring layers are When viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, each is located at a point where it intersects with a plurality of second wiring layers constituting the wiring layer, and in the step D, at the bottom of the plurality of contact holes. That The exposed variable resistance layer is oxidized to form a plurality of variable resistance layers.
- the plurality of upper portions are connected to the variable resistance layers corresponding to the contact holes in the multiple contact holes.
- An electrode layer is formed, and in the step F, the plurality of second wiring layers on the interlayer insulating layer correspond to the plurality of three-dimensional intersection planned portions of the first wiring layers.
- the second wiring layers may be formed so as to be connected to the electrode layers, respectively, so that each of the second wiring layers intersects the plurality of first wiring layers when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate. According to this configuration, a large-capacity cross-point nonvolatile memory element having a stable memory function, miniaturization, and high reliability can be manufactured through a simple process.
- the oxidation treatment in the step D may be a plasma oxidation treatment of the resistance layer in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the oxidation treatment in the step D may be a treatment for heating the substrate in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the oxidation treatment in the step D may be a treatment of injecting oxygen ions into the resistance layer.
- a non-ohmic element is formed between the resistance change layer and the wiring layer, and the non-ohmic element has an absolute voltage value at least in a certain voltage range. It is preferable to have a voltage-current characteristic in which the ratio of the increase in the absolute value of the current to the increase in the absolute value of the voltage increases as it increases. According to this configuration, writing errors and reading errors due to crosstalk can be prevented.
- an MIM diode As the non-ohmic element, an MIM diode, an MSM diode, or a varistor may be formed.
- the present invention is configured as described above, and has an effect that it is possible to provide a nonvolatile memory element that can be miniaturized and has a stable memory performance, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing the configuration of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a plan view, and FIG. It is sectional drawing along IB line, (c) is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of a resistance change layer.
- 2A to 2D are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from the formation of the lower electrode layer to the formation of the contact hole in the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are cross-sectional views sequentially showing processes from the resistance change layer formation to the wiring layer formation.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from the formation of the lower electrode layer to the formation of the resistance change layer in the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from the upper electrode film formation to the wiring layer formation.
- 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the configuration of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which FIG.
- FIG. 7A is a plan view
- FIG. 7B is a VIIB- It is sectional drawing along a VIIB line. It is sectional drawing which shows the upper electrode layer etching process in the manufacturing method of the non-volatile memory element which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from the first electrode film deposition to the second wiring layer formation in the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing the configuration of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a plan view, and FIG. Sectional drawing along IB line, (c) is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of a resistance change layer.
- FIG. 1 (a) the interlayer insulating layer 17 (see FIG. 1 (b)) is drawn through, and the illustration of the interlayer insulating layer is omitted.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10A includes a substrate 11.
- the substrate 11 is made of a silicon semiconductor or the like.
- a semiconductor integrated circuit (not shown) using the nonvolatile memory element 10 ⁇ / b> A is formed on the substrate 11, and the wiring pattern 32 is formed on the substrate 11.
- a lower electrode layer 15 is formed on the wiring pattern 32.
- the semiconductor integrated circuit and the wiring pattern 32 are illustrated for explaining the use of the nonvolatile memory element 10A. Therefore, the semiconductor integrated circuit and the wiring pattern 32 are not necessarily formed on the substrate 11.
- the lower electrode layer 15 may be formed directly on the substrate 11 and the lower electrode layer 15 may also serve as the wiring pattern 32.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10A and the semiconductor integrated circuit constitute a nonvolatile memory device.
- a resistance layer 16 is formed on the lower electrode layer 15.
- a resistance change layer 31 is formed on the resistance layer 16.
- the wiring pattern 32, the lower electrode layer 15, the resistance layer 16, and the resistance change layer 31 (more precisely, the contact hole 26 is present directly above the resistance change layer 31, not the interlayer insulating layer 17.
- Interlayer insulating layer 17 is formed so as to cover.
- a contact hole 26 is formed in the interlayer insulating layer 17 so as to penetrate the interlayer insulating layer 17 and reach the resistance change layer 31.
- the bottom (lower opening) 26 a of the contact hole 26 is formed so as to be entirely located in the resistance layer 16 when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11. Yes.
- the position of the bottom 26a of the contact hole 26 on the resistance layer 16 is predetermined.
- the bottom 26a of the contact hole 26 substantially coincides with the resistance change layer 31 as viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11 (substantially completely overlaps). That is, the contact hole 26 is formed in the interlayer insulating layer 17 so as to reach only the resistance change layer 31. Further, the resistance change layer 31 is formed with a certain thickness from the surface exposed at the bottom 26 a of the contact hole 26.
- An upper electrode layer 19 is formed in the contact hole 26 so as to fill the contact hole 26. Thereby, the lower surface (lower end) of the upper electrode layer 19 is connected to the resistance change layer 31. Further, the upper electrode layer 19 substantially coincides with the resistance change layer 31 as viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11 (substantially completely overlaps). This is because the resistance change layer 31 is formed by oxidizing the exposed portion where the resistance layer 16 is exposed at the bottom after the contact hole 26 is formed. Therefore, the resistance change layer 31 is always formed on the bottom surface of the upper electrode layer 19. Because it is done. Therefore, a voltage can be reliably applied to the resistance change layer 31 without short-circuiting.
- the upper electrode layer 19 As a whole in the resistance change layer 31 when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11. What is necessary is just to be formed so that it may be located. Therefore, the upper electrode layer 19 (and thus the contact hole 26) and the resistance change layer 31 do not necessarily have to be formed in the positional relationship as shown in FIG. 1B, but as shown in FIG. It may be formed in a relationship. Also in this case, the contact hole 26 is formed in the interlayer insulating layer 17 so as to reach only the resistance change layer 31. In FIG.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed to extend over a larger area than the entire upper electrode layer 19 when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed so as to expand toward the outside of the contact hole 26 by the same width as the thickness thereof.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed by oxygen diffusing from the bottom 26a of the contact hole 26 by an oxidation treatment (described later) applied to the resistance layer 16.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed as shown in FIG. Otherwise, it may be formed as shown in FIG.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed so as to be entirely located in the resistance layer 16 when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11. According to this configuration, since the resistance change layer 31 is sufficiently separated from the side surface of the resistance layer 16, there is no influence of deterioration of characteristics due to deterioration of the side surface. In other words, the junction area between the resistance layer 16 and the lower electrode layer 15 is larger than the junction area between the resistance change layer 31 and the upper electrode layer 19 (area formed by the contact surface). In other words, the side surface of the resistance layer 16 and the side surface of the upper electrode layer 19 are not continuously connected.
- a wiring layer 20 is formed on the upper surface of the interlayer insulating layer 17 so as to pass through the upper end (upper surface) of the upper electrode layer 19. Thereby, the upper electrode layer 19 formed in the contact hole 26 is connected to the wiring layer 20.
- the resistance change layer 31 constitutes a storage unit in which the resistance value reversibly changes when an electric pulse is applied.
- the lower electrode layer 15, the resistance layer 16, the resistance change layer 31, and the upper electrode layer 19 constitute a storage element 18 that stores information by using the change in resistance value of the storage unit.
- the wiring layer 20 is made of, for example, a material such as aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu).
- the lower electrode layer 15 is made of an electrode material such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or tantalum nitride (TaN).
- the upper electrode layer 19 is made of a conductive material such as tungsten (W), tantalum nitride (TaN), or platinum (Pt).
- the resistance layer 16 is made of a conductive material having resistance. However, from the viewpoint of obtaining stable memory performance, it is preferable that the resistance layer 16 is substantially composed of an oxygen-deficient metal oxide in which a transition metal is oxidized.
- the transition metal may be made of one kind of element or may be made of a plurality of kinds of elements.
- the resistance layer 16 is substantially composed of an oxygen-deficient metal oxide obtained by oxidizing a transition metal.
- the reason why the resistance layer 16 is composed of these materials is that the resistance change layer 31 that is an oxidized portion and the remaining portion are oxidized by oxidizing a part of the original layer made of these materials, as will be described later. This is because the resistance layer 16 is formed. Therefore, the resistance layer 16 is made of a material that includes the same transition metal element as the oxygen-deficient metal oxide in which the transition metal is oxidized and that has a lower oxygen content.
- the resistance change layer 31 is made of a material whose resistance value reversibly changes when an electric pulse is applied. However, from the viewpoint of obtaining stable memory performance, it is preferable that the resistance change layer 31 is substantially composed of an oxygen-deficient metal oxide in which a transition metal is oxidized.
- the transition metal may be made of one kind of element or may be made of a plurality of kinds of elements.
- the resistance change layer 31 is made of this material.
- the material constituting the resistance change layer 31 contains more oxygen than the material constituting the resistance layer 16. Further, when formed by a manufacturing method described later, the resistance change layer 31 is defined as a layer formed by oxidizing the resistance layer 16 (precisely, the original layer).
- TaO x oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide
- HfO x oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide
- TaO x oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide
- composition range of TaO x > A preferable composition range of TaO x is such that x is in a range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5. This is because it is assumed that TaO x exhibits a resistance change phenomenon in this range. The reason for this will be described below together with the mechanism of resistance change. It should be noted that the reason why it is assumed that TaO x exhibits a resistance change phenomenon in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5 and the experimental data that serves as the basis thereof are as described in the international application PCT / JP2007 / 070751 filed by the applicant of the present application. Since it is described in detail in International Publication No. WO 2008 / 059701A1, please refer to it for details.
- the resistance layer 16 is composed of an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide
- the resistance change layer 31 is an oxygen-deficient type having a higher oxygen content than the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide of the resistance layer 16. This corresponds to the case of being composed of tantalum oxide.
- the resistance change phenomenon of the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer is considered to be caused by oxygen atoms gathering or diffusing near the interface between the upper electrode layer and the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer. It is done. Specifically, when a positive voltage is applied to the upper electrode layer, negatively charged oxygen atoms gather on the upper electrode layer side to form a high resistance layer, thereby increasing the resistance. Conversely, when a negative voltage is applied, oxygen atoms diffuse into the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer and the resistance decreases. If a second oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer, which is a high resistance layer, is present at the interface (more precisely, the interface on the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer side), a large voltage is applied to this portion.
- the resistance is likely to increase. It can be said that low resistance is likely to occur when a voltage of 5 is applied.
- a layer having a high oxygen content similar to that of the second oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer is formed on the electrode side not in contact with the second oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer by a forming process, An operation that shows a reverse resistance change is also possible, and the relationship between the polarity of the applied voltage and the resistance value does not necessarily have to be satisfied.
- the resistance change phenomenon occurs over the entire range of the oxygen content (x) in the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide TaO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5). It is done. However, it is considered that a difference occurs in the degree of resistance change that occurs depending on the oxygen content. If the oxygen content decreases, the electrical properties of the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide TaO x become closer to the conductor (metal). Conversely, if the oxygen content increases, the electrical properties of the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide TaO x This is because the property is close to that of an insulator, and in any case, it is considered that the influence of the resistance change on the resistance value is reduced.
- a TaO x thin film (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5) is used as the resistance layer 16
- TaO y (x ⁇ y) is used as the resistance change layer 31.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10A of the present embodiment since the entire resistance change layer 31 is located in the resistance layer 16 when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11, the manufacturing process In this case, even if the resistance layer 16 is damaged by dry etching or the like, the resistance change layer 31 constituting the memory portion is hardly affected. As a result, it is possible to prevent the resistance between the upper electrode layer 19 and the lower electrode layer 15 from being lowered (short circuit) or from being raised (open), thereby obtaining a stable memory function.
- the memory portion is the resistance change layer 31 sandwiched between the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19, and is formed at the bottom of the contact hole 26. Therefore, the basic structural unit of the memory element having the memory portion is determined by a manufacturing process of a contact hole formed by embedding the lower electrode layer 19 in the interlayer insulating layer 17. Therefore, the basic structural unit of the memory element can be miniaturized to the minimum size of the process rule of the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is possible to miniaturize the nonvolatile memory element 10A.
- FIG. 2 (a) to 2 (d) are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from formation of a lower electrode layer to formation of a contact hole in the method of manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are cross-sectional views sequentially showing processes from the resistance change layer formation to the wiring layer formation.
- a lower electrode film 15 ′ and a resistance film 16 ′ are deposited in this order on the substrate 11 on which a predetermined wiring pattern 32 is formed by sputtering, CVD, or the like.
- a material of the resistance film 16 ′ an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide TaO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5) is used.
- “Formation” refers to a state of etching into a predetermined pattern shape, but may be described as “formation” including the deposited state below.
- aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), tantalum nitride (TaN), or the like is used as the material of the lower electrode film 15 ′.
- a mask pattern having a predetermined pattern shape is formed by a normal exposure process and development process, and this is used as a mask to form the lower electrode film 15 ′ and the resistance film 16 ′.
- the laminated film is etched. Thereafter, the mask pattern is removed. Thereby, a laminated body of the lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16 patterned into a predetermined shape is formed.
- the resistance layer 16 is finally oxidized by partially oxidizing the resistance layer 16, and the resistance change layer 31 made of the oxidized portion and the resistance layer 16 made of the remaining portion (FIG. 3A). The original layer for forming a reference).
- an interlayer insulating layer 17 is deposited by CVD or the like so as to cover the laminated body of the lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16. Thereafter, the interlayer insulating layer 17 is planarized by a CMP process (Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process).
- CMP process Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process
- an opening is formed above the interlayer insulating layer 17 above a predetermined position on the resistance layer 16 (more precisely, on the laminate of the lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16). Is formed by a normal exposure process and development process. Thereafter, the interlayer insulating layer 17 is dry-etched using the mask pattern as a mask to form contact holes 26. Thereafter, the mask pattern is removed. As can be seen from FIGS. 2D and 1A, the contact hole 26 is formed so that the entire bottom thereof is located in the resistance layer 16 when viewed in the thickness direction of the substrate 11. As a result, only the resistive layer 16 is exposed at the bottom of the contact hole 26.
- the resistance layer 16 exposed at the bottom of the contact hole 26 is subjected to, for example, a plasma oxidation process in which an applied power is 1100 W and a processing time is 30 seconds in an oxidizing atmosphere. .
- active oxygen, oxygen ions, or oxygen atoms diffuse from the surface exposed at the bottom of the contact hole 26 of the resistance layer 16 into the resistance layer, and a certain depth (thickness) from the surface exposed by the contact hole 26 of the resistance layer 16.
- This region 31 is a region having a higher oxygen content than the remaining region of the resistance layer 16 (a region other than the region indicated by reference numeral 31).
- This region 31 constitutes a resistance change layer.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed over a depth of about 10 nm from the surface exposed at the bottom of the contact hole 26 of the resistance layer 16.
- the resistance change layer 31 is TaO y (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5, x ⁇ y). It becomes.
- the resistance layer is made of TaO x, which is a resistive layer 16 TaO x formed, then since the surface to form a variable resistance layer 31 by oxidation, the high concentration oxide layer (resistance It becomes easy to control the concentration of the change layer 31) and the low concentration oxide layer (resistive layer 16).
- plasma oxidation treatment is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- heat treatment heat treatment
- plasma oxidation treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen oxygen ion implantation
- thermal oxidation treatment, plasma oxidation treatment, and ion implantation are collectively referred to as oxidation treatment.
- the forming process is performed without forming the resistance change layer 31 without performing the oxidation treatment as described above. It is also possible to perform. For example, in order to operate a nonvolatile memory element having the potential to change its resistance state with an electrical pulse having a magnitude of 2 V and a width of 100 ns, a different electrical pulse (eg, voltage The resistance change layer 31 can be formed by applying +3 V, pulse width: 100 ns, number of times: 40 times with respect to the upper electrode with reference to the lower electrode.
- an upper electrode film (not shown) is deposited on the interlayer insulating layer 17 and in the contact hole 26 by sputtering, CVD, or the like.
- a material of the upper electrode film for example, a conductive material such as tungsten (W) or platinum (Pt) is used.
- the upper electrode film on the interlayer insulating layer 17 is polished and removed by a CMP process or another planarization process. As a result, the upper electrode film remains only in the contact hole 26, and this constitutes the upper electrode layer 19.
- the upper electrode layer 19 is connected to the resistance change layer 31.
- a wiring layer film (not shown) is deposited on the interlayer insulating layer 17 and the upper electrode layer 19 by sputtering, CVD, or the like.
- a material for the wiring film for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or the like is used.
- a mask pattern having a predetermined pattern shape is formed on the wiring film by a normal exposure process and development process. This mask pattern is formed so that the wiring film remaining in etching passes over the upper electrode layer 19. Thereafter, the wiring film is dry-etched using this mask pattern as a mask. Thereafter, the mask pattern is removed. Thereby, the wiring layer 20 connected to the upper electrode layer 19 is formed.
- the wiring pattern 32 and the wiring layer 20 thus formed and the semiconductor integrated circuit (not shown) formed on the substrate 11 are electrically connected separately. Thereby, this semiconductor integrated circuit and the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19 of the nonvolatile memory element 10A are electrically connected.
- the formation process of the semiconductor integrated circuit is the same as the conventional one.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10A shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.
- nonvolatile memory element 10A a nonvolatile memory device having a configuration of, for example, one transistor / 1 nonvolatile memory unit can be manufactured.
- the resistance change layer 31 sandwiched between the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19 constitutes a memory portion, and the resistance change layer 31 is It is formed at the bottom of the contact hole 26.
- the resistance change layer 31 is formed by oxidizing the resistance layer 16 exposed through the contact hole 26, and is also affected by process damage due to etching such as side wall leakage (low resistance) and high resistance. Since it is formed inside the end face of the layer 16, characteristic deterioration (short circuit or open) due to process damage can be prevented.
- the above-described method for manufacturing a non-volatile memory element is configured such that a non-volatile memory element can be formed on a flat substrate by a separate process using a normal semiconductor process. Therefore, the nonvolatile memory element can be manufactured as a standard by the same mask process (for example, CMOS process) as the part responsible for functions other than the memory portion, and a highly reliable nonvolatile memory can be obtained in a simple process. An element can be obtained easily.
- CMOS process complementary metal oxide
- a first predetermined electric pulse (current pulse or voltage pulse) is applied between the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19. Then, this electric pulse is applied to the resistance change layer 31 disposed between the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19. As a result, the resistance value of the resistance change layer 31 becomes the first predetermined resistance value, and this state is maintained. In this state, when a second predetermined electric pulse is applied between the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19, the resistance value of the resistance change layer 31 becomes the second predetermined resistance value. To maintain.
- the first predetermined resistance value and the second predetermined resistance value are associated with, for example, two values of binary data.
- binary data can be written to the nonvolatile memory element 10A by applying the first or second predetermined electrical pulse to the resistance change layer 31.
- the binary value written in the nonvolatile memory element 10A is detected. Data can be read out.
- the resistance change layer 31 disposed between the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19 functions as a storage unit.
- Example 1 uses the TaO x as the material of the resistance layer 16 in the above-described method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element, and the resistance layer 16 is subjected to plasma oxidation treatment as an oxidation treatment to form the resistance change layer 31TaO y It is.
- TaO x is used as the material of the resistance layer 16 in the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element described above, and the resistance change layer 31 is formed by performing a thermal oxidation process using the resistance layer 16 as an oxidation process. is there.
- the nonvolatile memory element of Example 1 when a 2 V pulse voltage (pulse width: 100 ns) was applied between the upper electrode layer 19 and the lower electrode layer 15 without forming, the nonvolatile memory element of The resistance value was 30000 ⁇ , and when a pulse voltage of ⁇ 1V (pulse width: 100 ns) was applied between the upper electrode layer 19 and the lower electrode layer 15, the resistance value of the nonvolatile memory element was 2000 ⁇ . .
- the resistance of the nonvolatile memory element was 20000 ⁇ , and when a pulse voltage of ⁇ 1 V (pulse width: 100 ns) was applied between the upper electrode layer 19 and the lower electrode layer 15, the resistance value of the nonvolatile memory element was 1300 ⁇ .
- nonvolatile memory element 10A As described above, according to Examples 1 and 2, in the nonvolatile memory element 10A according to the present embodiment, TaO x is used as the material of the resistance layer 16, and the resistance layer 16 is oxidized to form the resistance change layer 31. It has been demonstrated that a non-volatile memory element that stably changes resistance (memory operation) can be obtained by forming it.
- the resistance change operation is similarly stably performed in the embodiment (not shown) in which the resistance change layer 31 is formed by the forming process without performing the oxidation treatment. Have confirmed.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing a configuration of a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which FIG. 4A is a plan view and FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line IVB-IVB in FIG. is there.
- FIG. 4A a non-volatile memory element is shown by cutting out a part of the uppermost insulating protective layer 21 for easy understanding.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10B of the present embodiment is configured by configuring the nonvolatile memory element 10A of Embodiment 1 as a cross-point type memory element. Therefore, since the basic configuration of the nonvolatile memory element 10B of the present embodiment is the same as that of the nonvolatile memory element 10A of the first embodiment, the differences between the two will mainly be described.
- the first interlayer insulating layer 13 and the second interlayer insulating layer 14 are formed on the substrate 11 (more precisely, On the substrate 11), a plurality of first wiring layers 33 formed in a strip shape are formed in parallel to each other at a predetermined pitch in a plane parallel to the main surface of the substrate 11.
- the plurality of first wiring layers 33 are formed in this way in the present embodiment, but are not limited to this, and may be formed so as to be arranged in parallel with each other at intervals.
- the first wiring layer 33 is configured by a stacked body in which a strip-shaped resistance layer 16 is stacked on a strip-shaped lower electrode layer 15.
- the lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16 are laminated so as to substantially completely overlap each other when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11.
- a plurality of second wiring layers 20 formed in a strip shape are formed in parallel with each other at a predetermined pitch in a plane parallel to the main surface of the substrate 11.
- the plurality of second wiring layers 20 are not limited to this, and may be formed so as to be arranged in parallel with each other at intervals.
- the second wiring layer is obtained by forming the wiring layer 20 of the first embodiment into a strip shape.
- the plurality (all) of the second wiring layers 20 are formed such that each second wiring layer 20 is orthogonal to the plurality of (all) first wiring layers 33.
- the plurality of (all) second wiring layers 20 are not limited to this, and each second wiring layer 20 may be formed so as to intersect with the plurality (all) first wiring layers 33. Good.
- the third interlayer insulating layer 17 includes a plurality of first wiring layers 33.
- the cover is formed so as to be interposed between the plurality of first wiring layers 33 and the plurality of second wiring layers 20.
- the plurality of second wiring layers 20 are formed on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 covering the plurality of first wiring layers 33.
- the third interlayer insulating layer 17 corresponds to the interlayer insulating layer 17 of the first embodiment.
- each first wiring layer 33 and the second wiring layer 20 (three-dimensional intersection between each first wiring layer 33 and the second wiring layer 20) 34 as viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11 is provided in the first embodiment.
- a contact hole 26 is formed so as to penetrate the third interlayer insulating layer 17 and reach the resistance change layer 31 from the second wiring layer 20, and the upper electrode layer is formed in the contact hole 26. 19 is formed.
- the lower electrode layer 15, the resistance layer 16, the resistance change layer 31, and the upper electrode layer 19 constitute a unit memory element (memory cell) 18. is doing.
- the unit storage elements 18 are formed at the solid intersections 34 of all the first wiring layers 33 and the second wiring layers 20, and all the unit storage elements 18 corresponding to the first wiring layers 33 are included.
- the lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16 constituting the first wiring layer 33 are shared as the lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16.
- An insulating protective layer 21 is formed on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 so as to cover the plurality of second wiring layers 20.
- the substrate 11 is formed of a silicon single crystal substrate, and a semiconductor circuit in which active elements 12 such as transistors are directly integrated is formed on the substrate 11.
- the cross-point type nonvolatile memory element 10B and this semiconductor integrated circuit constitute a nonvolatile memory device.
- the active element 12 is illustrated as a component of the semiconductor circuit.
- a transistor having a source region 12a, a drain region 12b, a gate insulating film 12c, and a gate electrode 12d is illustrated.
- the semiconductor circuit includes not only the active elements 12 but also elements necessary for a memory circuit such as a DRAM.
- a semiconductor circuit including the active element 12 is formed on the substrate 11, and the first interlayer insulating layer 13 is formed so as to fill in between the components of the semiconductor circuit.
- the components of the semiconductor circuit are connected to each other by a semiconductor circuit wiring 24 formed on the first interlayer insulating layer 13 and a contact 23 formed through the first interlayer insulating layer 13.
- a second interlayer insulating layer 14 is formed on the first interlayer insulating layer 13.
- a cross-point type nonvolatile memory element (exactly, a portion excluding the substrate 11 of the cross-point type nonvolatile memory element 10B) is formed directly on the second interlayer insulating layer 14.
- the semiconductor circuit wiring 24 and the first wiring layer 33 are connected by a buried conductor 22 formed so as to penetrate the second interlayer insulating layer 14.
- the semiconductor wiring 24 and the second wiring layer 20 are formed by a buried conductor 22 formed through the second interlayer insulating layer 14 and a buried conductor (not shown) formed through the third interlayer insulating layer 17. And are connected.
- FIG. 5 (a) to 5 (d) are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from formation of a lower electrode layer to formation of a resistance change layer in the method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from the upper electrode film formation to the wiring layer formation.
- the actual nonvolatile memory element 10B a large number of first wiring layers 33 and second wiring layers 20 are formed, and the unit memory element 18 is formed at each of the three-dimensional intersections 34.
- the substrate 11 of the nonvolatile memory element 10B and the active element 12 that can be manufactured by a normal semiconductor process are omitted for easy understanding, and the unit memory element is used for the sake of simplicity of the drawings. Only the main part including 18 (the structure from the second interlayer insulating layer 14 to the upper part) is shown. In addition, a part of the diagram is enlarged for easy understanding. In addition, since the basic process of the method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element of this embodiment is the same as that of the method of manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element of Embodiment 1, the common process is omitted or simplified. .
- a lower electrode film 15 'and a resistance film 16' are deposited on the second interlayer insulating layer 14 in this order. And these are etched using the mask pattern of a predetermined shape, and the laminated body 33 of the several lower electrode layer 15 and the resistance layer 16 is formed.
- This laminate 33 constitutes the first wiring layer.
- the plurality of first wiring layers 33 are formed to be parallel to each other and arranged at a predetermined pitch.
- the third interlayer insulating layer 17 is deposited and flattened so as to cover the plurality of first wiring layers 33.
- a mask pattern having openings above a plurality of predetermined positions on each first wiring layer 33 is formed on the third interlayer insulating layer 17.
- the plurality of predetermined positions are positions (a three-dimensional intersection planned portion) where the plurality of second wiring layers 20 are to be three-dimensionally crossed, that is, three-dimensional intersections 34 shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
- the third interlayer insulating layer 17 is dry-etched using the mask pattern as a mask to form a contact hole 26, and then the mask pattern is removed.
- the resistance layer 16 exposed at the bottom of the contact hole 26 is oxidized to form the resistance change layer 31 at the bottom of the contact hole 26.
- an upper electrode film 19 ′ is deposited on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 and in the contact hole 26.
- the upper electrode film 19 'on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 is polished and removed by a CMP process or the like. As a result, the upper electrode layer 19 is formed in the contact hole 26.
- a wiring layer film (not shown) is deposited on the interlayer insulating layer 17 and the upper electrode layer 19, and a mask pattern having a predetermined shape is formed on the wiring film. . Then, these are etched using this mask pattern to form a plurality of strip-shaped second wiring layers 20. Thereafter, the mask pattern is removed.
- the plurality of second wiring layers 20 are formed so as to be parallel to each other and arranged at a predetermined pitch, and each second wiring layer 20 includes a plurality of first wiring layers 33. And are formed to be orthogonal to each other.
- the first wiring layer 33 and the second wiring layer 20 thus formed are separately electrically connected to the semiconductor integrated circuit including the active element 12 formed on the substrate 11. Thereby, the semiconductor integrated circuit and the lower electrode layer 15 and the upper electrode layer 19 of the nonvolatile memory element 10B are electrically connected.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10B shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is manufactured.
- a cross-point type large capacity nonvolatile memory element can be manufactured.
- FIG. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the configuration of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which FIG. 7A is a plan view, and FIG. 7B is a VIIB- It is sectional drawing along a VIIB line.
- FIG. 7A a non-volatile memory element is shown by cutting away a part of the uppermost insulating protective layer 21 for easy understanding.
- a non-ohmic element 27 is formed between the resistance change layer 31 and the second wiring layer 20.
- the nonvolatile memory element 10B of the second embodiment is different from the nonvolatile memory element 10B of the second embodiment, and is otherwise the same as the nonvolatile memory element 10B of the second embodiment.
- this difference will be mainly described.
- the non-ohmic element 27 is a well-known representative such as an MIM diode (Metal-Insulator-Metal Diode), an MSM diode (Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Diode), a varistor or the like. Element.
- This non-ohmic element 27 has a voltage-current characteristic in which the ratio of the increase in the absolute value of the current to the increase in the absolute value of the voltage increases as the absolute value of the voltage increases in at least a certain voltage range. It is necessary to be.
- the ratio of the increase in the absolute value of the current to the increase in the absolute value of the voltage is (differential) conductivity.
- the non-ohmic element 27 is approximately non-conductive in a relatively low voltage (absolute value) region in a certain voltage range, and a relatively high voltage. In the (absolute value) region, the conductive state is approximately established.
- a pulse having an appropriate voltage in a relatively high voltage region is applied to the selected unit storage element 18, the selected unit storage element 18 undergoes a resistance change, while some unselected unit storages
- the voltage pulse is applied to the element 18 via the unit memory element 18 in the low resistance state, the voltage is in a relatively low voltage region, and the unit memory element 18 not selected does not change in resistance. .
- wraparound (crosstalk) of the voltage pulse is prevented.
- the non-ohmic element 27 when the resistance change layer 31 changes resistance by applying two electric pulses having different polarities, the non-ohmic element 27 has the above-described voltage ⁇ with respect to both positive and negative voltages.
- the resistance change layer 31 is required to have a current characteristic, but the resistance change is caused by applying two electric pulses having the same polarity to each other, the non-ohmic element 27 has positive and negative characteristics. It is necessary to have the above-described voltage-current characteristics only at one of the voltages. In such a case, a normal diode can be used as the non-ohmic element 27.
- the non-ohmic element 27 is configured, for example, by sandwiching a non-ohmic material layer 29 between the first electrode 28 and the second electrode 30.
- the non-ohmic element 27 is an MSM diode, for example, nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride (SiNx) is used as the non-ohmic material layer 29, and the material of the first electrode 28 and the second electrode 30 is used.
- SiNx nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride
- TaN tantalum nitride
- W tungsten
- an insulator is used as the non-ohmic material layer 29, and an appropriate metal is used as the material of the first electrode 28 and the second electrode 30.
- the upper electrode layer 19 and the first electrode 28 are sequentially stacked in the contact hole 26 at each three-dimensional intersection 34.
- the non-ohmic material layer 29, the second electrode 30, and the second wiring layer 20 are stacked so as to substantially completely overlap each other when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate 11.
- a non-ohmic layer composed of the first electrode 28, the non-ohmic material layer 29, and the second electrode 30 is disposed between the upper electrode layer 19 and the second wiring layer 20 constituting the unit nonvolatile memory element 18.
- a configuration in which the active element 27 is arranged is realized.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an upper electrode layer etching step in the method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C are cross-sectional views sequentially showing steps from the first electrode film deposition to the second wiring layer formation in the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. is there.
- the manufacturing method of the nonvolatile memory element of the present embodiment is the same as the manufacturing method of the nonvolatile memory element of the second embodiment until the step of forming the upper electrode layer 19 shown in FIG. Therefore, those descriptions are omitted.
- the upper electrode layer 19 formed in the contact hole 26 is selectively etched in the step shown in FIG. Then, a recess is formed in the contact hole 26.
- a first electrode film 28 ′ is deposited on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 and in the recess of the contact hole 26.
- the first electrode film 28 'on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 is polished and removed by a CMP process or the like. As a result, the first electrode 28 is formed in the recess of the contact hole 26. The first electrode 28 is connected to the upper electrode layer 19.
- a non-ohmic material film (not shown), a second electrode film (not shown), and a first electrode are formed on the third interlayer insulating layer 17 and the first electrode layer 28.
- Two wiring films (not shown) are sequentially deposited, and a mask pattern having a predetermined shape is formed on these deposited films. And these are etched using this mask pattern, and the some strip
- the stacked body 35 is formed by sequentially stacking a non-ohmic material layer 29, a second electrode 30, and a second wiring layer 20. As shown in FIG. 7A, the plurality of stacked bodies 35 are formed to be parallel to each other and arranged at a predetermined pitch, and each stacked body 35 is orthogonal to the plurality of first wiring layers 33. Formed.
- voltage pulse wraparound can be prevented in a cross-point type non-volatile memory element that can be miniaturized and has stable memory performance, and as a result, a write error.
- read errors can be prevented.
- each of the resistance layer 16 and the resistance change layer 31 is substantially composed of a predetermined material.
- the resistance layer 16 and the resistance change layer 31 may contain a small amount of impurities having a concentration level that is usually present in addition to the predetermined material.
- the resistance layer 16 and the resistance change layer 31 may include an additive (for example, an additive that does not affect the memory characteristics) in addition to a predetermined material.
- the nonvolatile memory element of the present invention is useful in various electronic devices such as digital home appliances, memory cards, portable telephones, and personal computers.
- the method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element of the present invention is useful as a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element that can be used in various electronic devices such as digital home appliances, memory cards, portable telephones, and personal computers.
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Abstract
Description
[不揮発性記憶素子の構成]
図1(a)及び(b)は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る不揮発性記憶素子の構成を示す図であって、(a)は平面図、(b)は(a)におけるIB-IB線に沿った断面図、(c)は抵抗変化層の他の構成例を示す断面図である。なお、図1(a)では、層間絶縁層17(図1(b)参照)が透視して描かれており、層間絶縁層の図示が省略されている。
TaOxの好ましい組成範囲は、xが0<x<2.5の範囲である。TaOxが、この範囲で抵抗変化現象を示すと推認されるからである。この理由は抵抗変化のメカニズムとともに以下に説明する。なお、TaOxが、0<x<2.5の範囲で抵抗変化現象を示すと推認される理由とその根拠となる実験データとが本願の出願人が出願した国際出願PCT/JP2007/070751の国際公開公報WO 2008/059701A1に詳述されているので、詳しくはそれを参照されたい。
以下では、上部電極層と下部電極層との間に酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物層と高抵抗層である第2の酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物層とが存在する場合について述べる。すなわち、本実施の形態においては、抵抗層16が酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物で構成され、抵抗変化層31が抵抗層16の酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物より酸素含有量の多い酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物で構成される場合に相当する。
本実施の形態では抵抗層16としてTaOx薄膜(0<x<2.5)を用い、抵抗変化層31としてTaOy(x<y)が用いられる。
次に、上記のように構成された不揮発性記憶素子10Aの製造方法について説明する。
次に、以上のように構成された本実施の形態の不揮発性記憶素子10Aの動作を説明する。
以下に本実施の形態の実施例を示す。実施例1は、上述の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法において、抵抗層16の材料としてTaOxを用い、この抵抗層16を酸化処理としてプラズマ酸化処理を行って抵抗変化層31TaOyを形成したものである。抵抗層16の材料であるTaOxの組成はx=1.8であり、抵抗変化層31の材料であるTaOyの組成はy=2.49であった。
図4は本発明の実施の形態2に係る不揮発性記憶素子の構成を示す図であって、(a)は平面図、(b)は(a)のIVB-IVB線に沿った断面図である。図4(a)においては、理解しやすくするために最上層の絶縁保護層21の一部を切り欠いて不揮発性記憶素子が示されている。
(実施の形態3)
図7(a)及び(b)は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る不揮発性記憶素子の構成を示す図であって、(a)は平面図、(b)は(a)のVIIB-VIIB線に沿った断面図である。図7(a)においては、理解しやすくするために最上層の絶縁保護層21の一部を切り欠いて不揮発性記憶素子が示されている。
11 基板
12 能動素子
12a ソース領域
12b ドレイン領域
12c ゲート絶縁膜
12d ゲート電極
13 第1層間絶縁層
14 第2層間絶縁層
15 下部電極層
16 抵抗層
17 第3層間絶縁層(層間絶縁層)
18 単位記憶素子(メモリセル)
19 上部電極層
20 第2配線層(配線層)
21 絶縁保護層
22 埋め込み導体
23 コンタクト
24 半導体回路配線
26 コンタクトホール
27 非オーミック性素子
28 第1電極
29 非オーミック性材料層
30 第2電極
31 抵抗変化層
32 配線パターン
33 第1配線層
34 立体交差点
35 積層体
Claims (19)
- 基板と、
前記基板上に形成された下部電極層と、
前記下部電極層上に形成され、遷移金属から選択された1種類又は複数種類の元素から成る金属が酸化された酸素不足型の金属酸化物を含む抵抗層と、
前記抵抗層上に形成され、該抵抗層より酸素含有量が多い前記酸素不足型の金属酸化物を含む抵抗変化層と、
前記下部電極層の上方に形成された配線層と、
前記基板と前記配線層との間に介在し、前記配線層から前記抵抗変化層に至るようにコンタクトホールが形成されて少なくとも前記下部電極層及び前記抵抗層を覆う層間絶縁層と、
前記コンタクトホール中に前記抵抗変化層と前記配線層とに接続するように形成された上部電極層と、を備え、
前記下部電極層と前記上部電極層との間に電気的パルスを印加することにより前記抵抗変化層の抵抗値が可逆的に変化する、不揮発性記憶素子。 - 前記抵抗変化層は、前記基板の厚み方向から見て、その全体が前記抵抗層の中に位置するように形成されており、かつ前記コンタクトホールは、前記抵抗変化層のみに至るように形成されている、請求項1に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記酸素不足型の金属酸化物が酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物TaOx(0<x<2.5)である、請求項1に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記抵抗変化層は、前記基板上に前記下部電極層と抵抗層とを順に形成した後、前記基板上に前記下部電極層及び前記抵抗層を覆うように層間絶縁層を形成し、その後、前記抵抗層に至るように前記層間絶縁層を貫通するコンタクトホールを形成し、その後、前記コンタクトホールの底に露出する前記抵抗層を酸化することにより形成されたものである、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記基板の上に帯状に形成された第1配線層と、前記第1配線層の上方に帯状に形成され、かつ、前記第1配線層と立体交差するように形成された前記配線層としての第2配線層と、を備え、
前記第1配線層は、前記基板の上に帯状に形成された前記下部電極層と帯状に形成された前記抵抗層とが順に積層されて構成されており、
前記第1配線層の前記抵抗層の前記第1配線層と前記第2配線層との立体交差点に位置する部分の上に前記抵抗変化層が形成されており、
前記層間絶縁層は、前記基板と前記第2配線層との間に介在し、前記第2配線層から前記抵抗変化層に至るようにコンタクトホールが形成されて少なくとも前記第1配線層を覆うように形成されており、
前記上部電極層は、前記コンタクトホール中に前記抵抗変化層と前記第2配線層とに接続するように形成されている、請求項1に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。 - 前記基板の厚み方向から見て、複数の前記第1配線層が互いに間隔を置いて並ぶように形成され、複数の前記第2配線層が互いに間隔を置いて並ぶように形成され、かつ、各前記第2配線層が前記複数の第1配線層と交差するように形成されており、
前記基板の厚み方向から見た各前記第1配線層と前記第2配線層との交点に前記抵抗変化層と前記コンタクトホールと前記上部電極層とが形成されている、請求項5に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。 - 前記酸素不足型の金属酸化物が酸素不足型のタンタル酸化物TaOx(0<x<2.5)である、請求項5に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記抵抗変化層は、前記基板上に帯状に前記下部電極層と抵抗層とを順に積層して形成した後、前記基板上に前記下部電極層及び前記抵抗層を覆うように層間絶縁層を形成し、その後、前記抵抗層に至るように前記層間絶縁層を貫通するコンタクトホールを形成し、その後、前記コンタクトホールの底に露出する前記抵抗層を酸化することにより形成されたものである、請求項5乃至7のいずれかに記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記下部電極層と前記第2配線層との間に前記抵抗変化層に直列接続されるように非オーミック性素子が形成されており、前記非オーミック性素子は、少なくともある電圧範囲において、電圧の絶対値が増大するに連れて電圧の絶対値の増加に対する電流の絶対値の増加の割合が増大する電圧-電流特性を有している、請求項5乃至7のいずれかに記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記非オーミック性素子は、前記抵抗変化層と前記第2配線層との間に形成されている、請求9に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 前記非オーミック性素子は、MIMダイオード、MSMダイオード、又はバリスタである、請求項9に記載の不揮発性記憶素子。
- 下部電極と上部電極との間に電気的パルスを印加することにより抵抗変化層の抵抗値が可逆的に変化する不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法であって、
基板上に前記下部電極層と遷移金属から選択された1種類又は複数種類の元素から成る金属が酸化された酸素不足型の金属酸化物を含む抵抗層とを順に形成する工程Aと、
前記工程Aが遂行された基板上に、前記下部電極層及び前記抵抗層を覆うように層間絶縁層を形成する工程Bと、
前記抵抗層に至るように前記層間絶縁層を貫通するコンタクトホールを形成する工程Cと、
前記コンタクトホールの底に露出する前記抵抗層を酸化して該抵抗層より酸素含有量が多い前記酸素不足型の金属酸化物を含む前記抵抗変化層を形成する工程Dと、
前記コンタクトホールに導電性材料を埋め込んで該コンタクトホール中に前記抵抗変化層に接続する前記上部電極層を形成する工程Eと、
前記層間絶縁層の上に前記上部電極層と接続するように配線層を形成する工程Fと、を含む、不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程Cにおいて、前記コンタクトホールは、前記基板の厚み方向から見て、前記コンタクトホールの底が全て前記抵抗層の中に位置するように形成される、請求項12に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程Aにおいて、前記基板上に複数の前記下部電極層と前記抵抗層との積層体が複数の帯状でかつ互いに間隔を置いて並ぶように形成され、かつ前記積層体が第1配線層を構成し、
前記工程Bにおいて、前記工程Aが遂行された基板上に、前記複数の第1配線層を覆うように層間絶縁層が形成され、
前記工程Cにおいて、各前記第1配線層の前記抵抗層の長手方向の複数の部分(以下、立体交差予定部という)に至るように複数の前記コンタクトホールがそれぞれ形成され、かつ、各前記第1配線層の前記複数の前記立体交差予定部は、前記基板の厚み方向から見て、それぞれ前記配線層を構成する複数の第2配線層と交差するよう予定されている点にそれぞれ位置しており、
前記工程Dにおいて、前記複数のコンタクトホールの底にそれぞれ露出する前記抵抗層を酸化して複数の前記抵抗変化層が形成され、
前記工程Eにおいて、前記複数のコンタクトホール中に各コンタクトホールに対応する前記抵抗変化層に接続するように複数の前記上部電極層が形成され、
前記工程Fにおいて、前記層間絶縁層の上に、前記複数の第2配線層が、各前記第1配線層の前記複数の前記立体交差予定部に対応する前記複数の上部電極層にそれぞれ接続するように形成され、それにより、各前記第2配線層が前記基板の厚み方向から見て前記複数の第1配線層と交差するように形成される、請求項12に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程Dにおける酸化処理が酸素雰囲気中において前記抵抗層をプラズマ酸化する処理である、請求項12乃至14のいずれかに記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程Dにおける酸化処理が酸素雰囲気中において前記基板を加熱する処理である、請求項12乃至14のいずれかに記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程Dにおける酸化処理が酸素イオンを前記抵抗層へ注入する処理である、請求項12乃至14のいずれかに記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程E及び前記工程Fを含む工程において、非オーミック性素子が前記抵抗変化層と前記配線層との間に形成され、前記非オーミック性素子は、少なくともある電圧範囲において、電圧の絶対値が増大するに連れて電圧の絶対値の増加に対する電流の絶対値の増加の割合が増大する電圧-電流特性を有している、請求項12に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。
- 前記非オーミック性素子として、MIMダイオード、MSMダイオード、又はバリスタが形成される、請求項18に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。
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JP4795485B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 |
US8471235B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
US20110233511A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
CN102239558B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
CN102239558A (zh) | 2011-11-09 |
JPWO2010064444A1 (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
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