WO2009157073A1 - ナノ型乳酸菌 - Google Patents
ナノ型乳酸菌 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009157073A1 WO2009157073A1 PCT/JP2008/061612 JP2008061612W WO2009157073A1 WO 2009157073 A1 WO2009157073 A1 WO 2009157073A1 JP 2008061612 W JP2008061612 W JP 2008061612W WO 2009157073 A1 WO2009157073 A1 WO 2009157073A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lactic acid
- nano
- acid bacteria
- type
- culture
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
- A61K2800/412—Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
- C12R2001/24—Lactobacillus brevis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nano-type lactic acid bacterium having an action of enhancing the ability to produce interferon ⁇ from antigen-presenting cells.
- Th0 naive T cells
- Th1 type I T cells
- Th2 type II T cells
- Th1-type cytokines suppress Th2
- Th2-type cytokines suppress Th1 and the two are related to each other in order to maintain the overall immunity balance.
- Interferon ⁇ is a dendritic cell (antigen-presenting cell) during infection by viruses, intracellular parasitic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella, Listeria, and leprosy, and intracellular parasitic fungi such as cryptococcus. It is a cytokine secreted from. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a cytokine secreted from antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Natural killer cells (NK cells) that directly attack cancer cells and rack cells (LAK cells). ), which is known as a very powerful immunologically active substance that activates killer T cells (CTL cells) and enhances the production of IFN- ⁇ .
- CTL cells immunologically active substance that activates killer T cells
- Both IFN- ⁇ and IL-12 are cytokines that induce Th1 cells, but the receptors (TRL: Toll-like receptors) expressed in antigen-presenting cells (in the case of IL-12: TLR1) , TLR3, TLR5, TLR9; in the case of IFN- ⁇ : TLR7, TLR9).
- TRL Toll-like receptors
- Lactobacillus brevis powder see Patent Document 1: JP-A-6-206826
- lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus or treatment thereof see Patent Document 2: see JP-A-8-259450
- constituent extracts of Lactobacillus brevis strain FERM BP-4693 see JP-A-9-188627
- Non-Patent Document 1 As a result, when the particle size exceeds 10 ⁇ m, phagocytosis by M cells is remarkably reduced (see Non-Patent Document 1), and the maximum diameter of particles passing through Peyer's patch is 10 ⁇ m when the particle material is polylactide ( It is clear that 15 ⁇ m (see Non-Patent Document 3) in the case of polystyrene, and 21 ⁇ m (see Non-Patent Document 4) in the case of biodegradable polylactic acid. From these results, it can be seen that the size of particles that can pass through the Peyer plate is at most about 20 ⁇ m.
- the particle diameter at which the rate at which an antigen-specific antibody was produced by Th2 induction was highest was 4 ⁇ m for IgG, IgA
- the particle diameter is 7 ⁇ m
- the preferable particle size for Th2 induction is about 3 to 7 ⁇ m (see Non-Patent Document 4).
- the preferred particle size for Th1 induction has not been clarified so far.
- JP-A-6-206826 JP-A-8-259450 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-188627 Tabata Y, Ikada Y. Adv Polym Sci 94: 107-141, : 1990. Eldridge JH. Et al. J Controlled Rel 11: 205-214, 1990. Eldridge JH. Et al. Molec Immun 28: 187-194, 1991. Tabata Y. et al. Vaccine 14: 1677-1685, 1996.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a lactic acid bacterium having a preferable particle size for Th1 induction, excellent INF- ⁇ production ability, and excellent dispersibility in water. With the goal.
- the present inventors isolated lactic acid bacteria related to longevity from Kyoto's pickles, Nagano's pickles, Georgian mariami and Mazzoni-like, Mongolian horse milk and various fermented milk products.
- the relationship between the size of lactic acid bacteria and the ability to produce IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ from antigen-presenting cells was analyzed.
- FIG. 1A the ability to produce IL-12 from antigen-presenting cells by stimulation with lactic acid bacteria increased as the size of lactic acid bacteria decreased to 1 ⁇ m or less (see Reference Example 1).
- IFN- ⁇ production ability as shown in FIG. 1B, it increased as the size of lactic acid bacteria decreased to 1 ⁇ m or less (see Reference Example 1).
- strains showed a negative correlation with IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ production ability (see FIG. 2).
- strains such as EF, KH1, and KH3 have high IL-12 production ability and low IFN- ⁇ production ability.
- strains such as LL12 and ML4 have low IL-12 production ability and high IFN- ⁇ production ability.
- SNK was characterized by relatively high ability to produce IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ . This is a finding that cannot be conceived from the prior art (the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-30324), and is presumably due to a difference in recognition of lactic acid bacteria by receptors expressed in antigen-presenting cells.
- Lactobacillus having a particle diameter of nearly 9 ⁇ m such as Lactobacillus brevis strain FERM BP-4693 (indicated by LBR in Table 1 and FIG. 1-2)
- Lactobacillus brevis strain FERM BP-4693 indicated by LBR in Table 1 and FIG. 1-2
- IFN- ⁇ production ability was remarkably inferior.
- the present inventor diligently studied conditions for reducing the mode value in the particle size distribution of lactic acid bacteria and preventing reaggregation of the bacteria.
- the mode value in the particle size distribution of lactic acid bacteria (below) It was found that the particle size is sometimes reduced to 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the form of lactic acid bacteria changes depending on various conditions during cultivation, but the knowledge that the size can be adjusted to 1.0 ⁇ m or less by controlling the pH in the culturing and processing steps. Has not been known to those skilled in the art.
- the present inventor has also found that the ability to produce IFN- ⁇ from antigen-presenting cells can be remarkably enhanced with the cells.
- the present inventor adjusted the particle size of lactic acid bacteria to 1.0 ⁇ m or less through culturing and processing at a neutral pH even for lactic acid bacteria having a normal particle size larger than 1.0 ⁇ m. And the present inventors have found that this lactic acid bacterium can enhance the ability to produce IFN- ⁇ from antigen-presenting cells and improve the immunostimulatory effect.
- Nano-type lactic acid bacteria characterized in that the mode value in the particle size distribution is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, 2. 1 nano-type lactic acid bacteria obtained by adjusting the pH of the medium in the lactic acid bacteria culture and processing steps to a neutral range, 3. 2 nano-type lactic acid bacteria obtained by adjusting the pH of the medium to 5-8, 4). Cells of 2 or 3 nano-type lactic acid bacteria, wherein glucose is contained in the medium in the lactic acid bacteria culture process, 5).
- 1 nano-type lactic acid bacterial cell obtained by adding a dispersing agent or excipient to a culture medium containing a medium having a pH adjusted to a neutral range and a fungus and dispersing the resultant, followed by freeze drying or spray drying; 6).
- 1 to 5 nano-type lactic acid bacteria of Lactobacillus lactic acid bacteria 7).
- 6 Lactobacillus bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus is Lactobacillus brevis, 8).
- a composition having an immunostimulatory action comprising the cells of any one of 1 to 8 nano-type lactic acid bacteria, 10.
- nano-type lactic acid bacteria or a food, food, feed, cosmetic or pharmaceutical comprising 9 compositions, 11.
- a method for producing microbial cells of 11 nano-type lactic acid bacteria comprising adding a dispersing agent or an excipient to a culture medium containing a medium having a pH adjusted to a neutral range and bacteria and dispersing the mixture, followed by freeze drying or spray drying. provide.
- the particle size of lactic acid bacteria can be adjusted to 1.0 ⁇ m or less through culturing and processing at a neutral pH even for lactic acid bacteria having a normal particle size larger than 1 ⁇ m.
- the cells of the nano-type lactic acid bacterium thus obtained can be said to be very useful cells because they can enhance the ability to produce IFN- ⁇ from antigen-presenting cells and improve the immunostimulatory action.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the cell size of lactic acid bacteria and the ability to produce IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ . It is the figure which showed the correlation of IL-12 and IFN- (alpha) production ability by lactic acid bacteria stimulation. It is the figure which compared the microbial cell particle size. It is the figure which showed the particle size distribution (A: frequency%, B: integration%) of lactic acid bacteria powder.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the cell size and IFN- ⁇ production ability of nano-type lactic acid bacteria Labre.
- the cells of nano-type lactic acid bacteria according to the present invention have a mode value (particle size) of 1.0 ⁇ m or less in the particle size distribution.
- the "mode value in the particle size distribution” is a value serving as an index representing the size of the bacterium, and the particle diameter that maximizes the relative frequency in the particle size distribution when the particle size of the bacterial cell is measured.
- lactic acid bacterium used as a raw material of the “bacteria of the nano-type lactic acid bacterium” of the present invention include Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. gasseri, and Lactobacillus mari (L. mali). Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii), Lactobacillus gallinarum (L. Gallinarum), Lactobacillus amylovorus (L. amylovorus), Lactobacillus brevis (L.
- Lactobacillus ramnosus L. rhamnosus
- Lactobacillus Lactobacillus bacteria such as L. kefir, L. paracasei, L. crispatas, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and other Streptococcus genus Streptococcus Lactococcus bacteria such as Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus bacteria such as E. faecium, Bifidobacterium bifidium bifidobium U. Longum, B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B. breve, B. catenatum, etc. And Bifidobacterium bacteria.
- the form of the cells of the nano-type lactic acid bacteria of the present invention may be live or dead, but in the case of live bacteria, there is a possibility of causing a change in form at the time of delivery or display after product manufacture.
- a killed bacteria that does not cause odor is preferred.
- Lactic acid bacteria are known to change in form due to stress when the growth environment during culture becomes poor. Therefore, in the present invention, by controlling the culture and processing conditions, the lactic acid bacteria are grown while maintaining the form of the lactic acid bacteria to be constant, and the nano-type lactic acid bacteria having the mode value in the particle size distribution described above are manufactured. Specifically, as mentioned above, the surface of lactic acid bacteria is positively charged (positive, positive), and the membrane is stabilized by adjusting the pH in the culture and processing steps to a neutral range. By doing so, it prevents the double bacteria state in which the dividing bacteria are joined and the re-adsorption of the bacteria.
- adjusting the pH of the medium in the culturing step and the processing step to the neutral range not only adjusts the pH of the culturing step to the neutral range, but also sterilizes the cells after completion of the culture. It means that the pH in the process (processing step) such as washing and concentration is also adjusted to the neutral range.
- the pH in the culturing step and the processing step is preferably 5 to 8, and more preferably 5.5 to 7.5.
- glucose having the highest energy utilization is preferable as an energy source in the nutrient composition of the medium, and the amount added is preferably about 5 to 10% by mass in the medium.
- the change of a fungal form by the stress which comes from nutrient depletion can be prevented by setting the time of glucose consumption as the culture end point.
- the “bacteria of nano-type lactic acid bacteria” of the present invention have been subjected to a dispersion treatment.
- the method for the dispersion treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of dispersing a bacterial culture solution with a high-pressure homogenizer of about 150 kgf / cm 2 (1.5 MPa) in a wet manner.
- a known dispersing agent or excipient in advance to the culture solution, whereby the bacterial cells can be effectively prevented from reaggregating.
- the amount of the dispersant and excipient used varies depending on the properties of the cells, but is preferably 1 to 100 times, more preferably 2 to 20 times the amount of the cells in terms of mass. Suitable dispersing agents and excipients include trehalose, dextrin, skim milk and the like.
- the cells are treated with a known dispersant / excipient so that the cells do not reaggregate, and then lyophilized. Or spray drying. Thereby, the microbial cell powder excellent in the dispersibility to water can be obtained.
- the cells of the nano-type lactic acid bacteria of the present invention described above have been refined to a nanometer (nm) size with a particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, this microbial cell is made into a dry powder by the said method, and the microbial cell particle size at the time of resuspending the said powder in a physiological digestive liquid also maintains 1.0 micrometer or less.
- the physiological digestive fluid means artificial gastric juice or intestinal fluid prepared by a known method.
- the cells of the nano-type lactic acid bacterium of the present invention can be used as it is, but in general, various ingredients are added and blended in order to increase the flavor, make it a required shape, etc.
- the final product is added.
- the components to be added and mixed include various sugars, emulsifiers, sweeteners, acidulants, fruit juices and the like.
- sugars such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, and honey
- sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, lactitol, and palatinit
- emulsifiers such as sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin sugar fatty acid ester, and lecithin .
- various types of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E, herbal extracts, cereal ingredients, vegetable ingredients, milk ingredients, etc. can be blended to obtain an excellent flavor Th1 inducer. Can do.
- flavors include yogurt, berry, orange, pear, perilla, citrus, apple, mint, grape, pair, custard cream, peach, melon, banana, tropical, herbal, tea And coffee-based flavors, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of flavor added is not particularly limited, but it is preferably about 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, and more preferably about 0.1 to 0.3% by mass in the cells from the flavor side.
- the nano-type lactic acid bacteria of the present invention described above can be made into products in any form such as solid or liquid. Specifically, various pharmaceutically acceptable salts, excipients, preservatives, coloring agents, flavoring agents, and the like, as well as various beverages, granules, tablets, capsules, and the like, by known methods in the pharmaceutical or food manufacturing field. It can be commercialized as a form.
- the nano-type lactic acid bacteria of the present invention can be used for health foods.
- the health food means a food that is more active than normal food and intended for health, health maintenance and promotion.
- the form may be any of liquid, semi-solid and solid, and specific examples thereof include confectionery such as cookies, rice crackers, jelly, yokan, yogurt and manju; soft drinks, nutritional drinks, soups and the like.
- the cells of the nano-type lactic acid bacteria of the present invention include lotions (skin lotions), cosmetic creams, emulsions, lotions, packs, skin milk (emulsions), gels, powders, lip balms, lipsticks, undermakes. Up, foundation, sun care, bath preparation, body shampoo, body rinse, soap, cleansing foam, ointment, patch, jelly, aerosol, etc., can be used as a skin external preparation.
- moisturizers such as glycerin, petrolatum, urea, hyaluronic acid, heparin; PABA derivatives (paraaminobenzoic acid, Escalol 507 (ASP Japan Co., Ltd.), etc.), cinnamic acid derivatives (neoheliopan, pulsol MCX (DSM nutrition) Japan Co., Ltd., Sungard B (Shiseido Co., Ltd.), salicylic acid derivatives (octyl salicylate, etc.), benzophenone derivatives (ASL-24, ASL-24S (Shonan Chemical Service), etc.), dibenzoylmethane Derivatives (Pulsol A, Pulsol DAM (DSM Nutrition Japan Co., Ltd., etc.), heterocyclic derivatives
- Anti-inflammatory agents such as diphenhydramine hydrochloride, tranexamic acid, guaiazulene, azulene, allantoin, hinokitiol, glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizic acid derivatives, glycyrrhetinic acid; vitamin A, vitamin B group (B1, B2, B6) B12, B15), vitamins such as folic acid, nicotinic acids, pantothenic acids, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin D group (D2, D3), vitamin E, ubiquinones, vitamin K (K1, K2, K3, K4); Aspartic acid, G Amino acids and derivatives thereof such as glutamic acid, alanine, lysine, glycine, glutamine, serine, cysteine, cystine, tyrosine, proline, arginine, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid; retinol, tocopherol acetate
- the particle size of lactic acid bacteria was measured with a particle size distribution analyzer (Shimadzu Corporation, SALD-3100).
- IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ produced from macrophages by stimulation with lactic acid bacteria were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B The relationship between the cell size of lactic acid bacteria and the ability to produce IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, respectively. It was revealed that the production ability of both IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ cytokines was remarkably enhanced when the size (particle diameter) of lactic acid bacteria was reduced to about 1 ⁇ m (Table 1 and FIG. 1). reference). However, as shown in FIG. 2, strains showing a negative correlation with the production ability with IL-12 and IFN- ⁇ were observed. For example, strains such as EF, KH1, and KH3 have high IL-12 production ability and IFN.
- strains such as LL12 and ML4 have low IL-12-producing ability and high IFN- ⁇ -producing ability, while SNK has relatively high ability to produce IL-12 and IFN- ⁇
- SNK has relatively high ability to produce IL-12 and IFN- ⁇
- Example 1 [Preparation of nano-type lactic acid bacteria EF] Lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecalis strain EF was cultured at 36.5 ° C. in a known nutrient medium supplemented with 5% by weight glucose and adjusted to pH 6.5 at the time of cultivation with 20% by weight sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The time point of consumption was defined as a culture end point (culture process). After completion of the culture, the culture solution was sterilized by heating at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the cells were washed with PBS and adjusted to a cell concentration of 10 mg / ml (processing step). The pH during the processing step was maintained at 6.5.
- Example 2 [Preparation of nano-type lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis] Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis strain FERM BP-4693 is cultured at 36.5 ° C. in a known nutrient medium supplemented with 5% by weight glucose and adjusted to pH 6.5 at the time of cultivation with 20% by weight sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Then, the time point when the glucose consumption was completed was defined as the culture end point (culture step). After completion of the culture, the culture solution is sterilized by heating at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes, the cells are washed with PBS, 4 times the amount of dextrin is added as an excipient to the cells and dispersed with a mixer. Then, the sample was freeze-dried to prepare a sample, which was again suspended in PBS so that the bacterial cell concentration was 10 mg / ml (processing step). The pH during the processing step was maintained at 6.5.
- the cell particle size can be refined to 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and further about 4 times the amount of excipient in terms of mass in the cell. It was confirmed that a cell powder excellent in dispersibility can be obtained by adding a dispersion treatment after lyophilization and freeze-drying, and that this powder can efficiently produce interferon ⁇ from macrophages.
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Abstract
Description
Th1細胞による免疫応答は、細胞性免疫を誘導し、マクロファージやリンパ球など単核細胞中心の食菌処理が起こる。一方、Th2細胞による免疫応答は、液性免疫を誘導し、抗体による殺菌処理が起こる。Th1型サイトカインはTh2を抑制し、逆にTh2型サイトカインはTh1を抑制し、この2つは免疫全体のバランスを保つために互いに関係し合っている。
また、インターロイキン12(IL-12)は、樹状細胞およびマクロファージのような抗原提示細胞から分泌されるサイトカインで、ガン細胞を直接攻撃するナチュラルキラー細胞(NK細胞)や、ラック細胞(LAK細胞)、キラーT細胞(CTL細胞)を活性化したり、IFN-γの産生を増強したりする非常に強力な免疫活性物質として知られている。
しかし、長年、ラクトバシルス・ブレビス菌を市場に提供してきた事業者にとっては、乳酸菌のIFN-α産生能を増強することは切実な願いである。
そこで、どれくらいまでの大きさであればパイエル板から取り込まれるのかといった関心から、粒子の大きさ(粒子径)とパイエル板への取り込みの関係についてこれまで多くの研究がなされてきた。
これらの結果から、パイエル板を通過できる粒子の大きさは高々20μm程度ということがわかる。
しかしながら、Th1誘導に好ましい粒子径は現在までのところ明らかにされていない。
その結果、図1Aに示されるように、乳酸菌刺激による抗原提示細胞からのIL-12産生能は、乳酸菌の大きさが1μm以下まで小さくなると高くなった(参考例1参照)。
一方、IFN-α産生能の場合においても、図1Bに示すように、乳酸菌の大きさが1μm以下まで小さくなると高くなった(参考例1参照)。
一方、SNKはIL-12およびIFN-αの産生能が相対的にともに高いといった特徴が認められた。
これは、先行技術(特願2007-30324号明細書)からは想到し得ない知見で、おそらく、抗原提示細胞に発現する受容体の乳酸菌に対する認識の違いによると推察される。
その過程で、乳酸菌の表面が正(プラス)に荷電していることに着眼し、培養工程および加工工程におけるpHを中性域に調整することで、乳酸菌体の粒度分布における最頻値(以下、単に粒度という場合もある)が1.0μm以下にまで小さくなることを見出した。
一般的に、乳酸菌が培養時における諸条件によってその形態が変化することは知られているが、培養工程および加工工程におけるpHを制御することでその大きさを1.0μm以下に調整できるという知見は、当業者のあいだではこれまで知られていない。
以上のように、本発明者は、通常の粒度が1.0μmより大きな乳酸菌に対しても、中性域のpHでの培養および加工処理を通して、乳酸菌体の粒度を1.0μm以下にまで調整し得ること、およびこの乳酸菌が抗原提示細胞からのIFN-α産生能を増強させ、免疫賦活作用を向上し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
しかし、このような乾燥粉末における乳酸菌本来の粒度が1.0μm以下であったとしても、濃縮した菌体を乾燥しただけの粉末であっては、これを水に入れた場合に粒子同士が吸着・凝集し、かたまり(塊)となってしまう(参考例2参照)。
そもそも、通常の培養条件では、粒度が1.0μm以下の乳酸菌は、存在する可能性が低い(表1参照)。
1. 粒度分布における最頻値が1.0μm以下であることを特徴とするナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
2. 乳酸菌の培養工程および加工工程における培地のpHを中性域に調整して得られる1のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
3. 前記培地のpHを5~8に調整して得られる2のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
4. 前記乳酸菌の培養工程における培地にブドウ糖を含有させる2または3のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
5. pHを中性域に調整した培地と、菌とを含む培養液に分散剤または賦形剤を添加して分散した後、凍結乾燥または噴霧乾燥して得られる1のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
6. ラクトバチルス属乳酸菌である1~5のいずれかのナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
7. 前記ラクトバチルス属乳酸菌が、ラクトバチルス・ブレビスである6のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
8. 前記ラクトバチルス・ブレビスの菌株が、FERM BP-4693である7のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、
9. 1~8のいずれかのナノ型乳酸菌の菌体を含有する免疫賦活作用を有する組成物、
10. 1~8のいずれかのナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、または9の組成物を含有する飲食物、飼料、化粧品または医薬品、
11. 乳酸菌の培養工程および加工工程における培地のpHを中性域に調整することを特徴とする1のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体の製造方法、
12. 前記培地のpHを5~8に調整する11のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体の製造方法、
13. pHを中性域に調整した培地と、菌とを含む培養液に分散剤または賦形剤を添加して分散した後、凍結乾燥または噴霧乾燥する11のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体の製造方法
を提供する。
このようにして得られたナノ型乳酸菌の菌体は、抗原提示細胞からのIFN-α産生能を増強させ、免疫賦活作用を向上し得るため、非常に有用な菌体であるといえる。
本発明に係るナノ型乳酸菌の菌体は、粒度分布における最頻値(粒度)が1.0μm以下のものである。
本発明において、「粒度分布における最頻値」は、菌の大きさを表す指標となる値であって、菌体の粒子径を測定したときの粒度分布における相対頻度が最大となる粒子径をいう。
そこで本発明では、培養および加工条件を制御することで、乳酸菌の形態が一定になるように維持しながら乳酸菌を増殖させて、上述した粒度分布における最頻値を有するナノ型乳酸菌を製造する。
具体的には、先に述べたとおり、乳酸菌の表面が正(陽、プラス)に荷電していることに着眼し、培養工程および加工工程におけるpHを中性域に調整して膜を安定化することで、分裂菌が接合したままの双菌状態および菌同士の再吸着を防止するものである。
なお、本発明における「培養工程および加工工程における培地のpHを中性域に調整」するとは、培養工程のpHを中性域に調整しておくことのみならず、培養終了後の菌体滅菌、洗浄、濃縮といった工程(加工工程)におけるpHも中性域に調整することを意味している。
培養工程および加工工程におけるpHは、5~8が好ましく、5.5~7.5がより好ましい。
なお、ブドウ糖が消費された時点を培養終点とすることで、栄養枯渇から来るストレスによる菌形態の変化を防止することができる。
分散処理の手法としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、菌の培養液を湿式で150kgf/cm2(1.5MPa)程度の高圧ホモゲナイザーで分散する方法が挙げられる。
この場合、予め公知の分散剤または賦形剤を培養液に添加しておくことが好ましく、これにより、菌体の再凝集を効率的に防止することができる。
使用する分散剤および賦形剤の添加量は、菌体の性状によって変化するが、質量換算で菌体に対して1~100倍量が好ましく、2~20倍量がより好ましい。
好適な分散剤および賦形剤としては、トレハロース、デキストリン、スキムミルク等が挙げられる。
また、この菌体は、上記手法によって乾燥粉末とし、当該粉末を生理的消化液に再懸濁した場合の菌体粒度がやはり1.0μm以下を保つ。なお、生理的消化液とは、公知の方法で調製された人工胃液あるいは腸液を意味する。
この添加、混合される成分としては、各種糖質や乳化剤、甘味料、酸味料、果汁等が挙げられる。
すなわち、グリセリン、ワセリン、尿素、ヒアルロン酸、ヘパリン等の保湿剤;PABA誘導体(パラアミノ安息香酸、エスカロール507(アイエスピー・ジャパン(株))等)、桂皮酸誘導体(ネオヘリオパン、パルソールMCX(DSMニュートリション ジャパン(株)、サンガードB((株)資生堂)等)、サリチル酸誘導体(オクチルサリチレート等)、ベンゾフェノン誘導体(ASL-24、ASL-24S((有)湘南ケミカルサービス)等)、ジベンゾイルメタン誘導体(パルソールA、パルソールDAM(DSMニュートリション ジャパン(株)等)、複素環誘導体(チヌビン系等)、酸化チタン等の紫外線吸収剤・散乱剤;エデト酸二ナトリウム、エデト酸三ナトリウム、クエン酸、クエン酸ナトリウム、酒石酸、酒石酸ナトリウム、乳酸、リンゴ酸、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、グルコン酸等の金属封鎖剤;サリチル酸、イオウ、カフェイン、タンニン等の皮脂抑制剤;塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、グルコン酸クロルヘキシジン等の殺菌・消毒剤;塩酸ジフェンヒドラミン、トラネキサム酸、グアイアズレン、アズレン、アラントイン、ヒノキチオール、グリチルリチン酸およびその塩、グリチルリチン酸誘導体、グリチルレチン酸等の抗炎症剤;ビタミンA、ビタミンB群(B1、B2、B6、B12、B15)、葉酸、ニコチン酸類、パントテン酸類、ビオチン、ビタミンC、ビタミンD群(D2、D3)、ビタミンE、ユビキノン類、ビタミンK(K1、K2、K3、K4)等のビタミン類;アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アラニン、リジン、グリシン、グルタミン、セリン、システイン、シスチン、チロシン、プロリン、アルギニン、ピロリドンカルボン酸等のアミノ酸およびその誘導体;レチノール、酢酸トコフェロール、アスコルビン酸リン酸マグネシウム、アスコルビン酸グルコシド、アルブチン、コウジ酸、エラグ酸、胎盤抽出液等の美白剤;ブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、没食子酸プロピル等の抗酸化剤;塩化亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛、石炭酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、硫酸アルミニウムカリウム等の収斂剤;グルコース、フルクトース、マルトース、ショ糖、トレハロース、エリスリトール、マンニトール、キシリトール、ラクチトール等の糖類;甘草、カミツレ、マロニエ、ユキノシタ、芍薬、カリン、オウゴン、オウバク、オウレン、ジュウヤク、イチョウ葉等の各種植物エキス等の他、油性成分、界面活性剤、増粘剤、アルコール類、粉末成分、色素などを適宜配合することができる。
〔死菌体の調製〕
表1に示されるように、長寿と関係のある乳酸菌を、京都の酸茎漬、長野のすんき漬、グルジア地方のマリアーミとマッツォーニライク、モンゴルの馬乳酒、各種発酵乳製品より分離し、MRS培地を用いて培養時のpHを調整することなく36.5℃で48時間培養した。培養終了後、培養液を80℃で10分間加熱滅菌処理し、菌体をPBSで洗浄し、菌体濃度で10mg/mlになるように調製した。
なお、表中のLBRとはラクトバチルス・ブレビス菌株FERM BP-4693を指す。
乳酸菌の菌体粒度とIL-12およびIFN-α産生能との関係を図1Aおよび図1Bにそれぞれ示す。
乳酸菌の大きさ(粒子径)が1μm程度にまで小さくなった方が、IL-12およびIFN-αのいずれのサイトカインも著しく産生能が増強されることが明らかとなった(表1と図1参照)。
ただし、図2に示されるように、IL-12およびIFN-αとの産生能には負の相関を示す菌株が認められ、たとえばEF、KH1、KH3といった菌株ではIL-12産生能が高くIFN-α産生能が低い、逆にLL12、ML4といった菌株ではIL-12産生能が低くIFN-α産生能が高い、一方でSNKはIL-12およびIFN-αの産生能が相対的にともに高いといった特徴が認められた。
〔ナノ型乳酸菌EFの調製〕
乳酸菌エンテロコッカス・フェカリス菌株EFを、5質量%ブドウ糖添加の公知の栄養培地で、20質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で培養時におけるpHを6.5に調整しながら36.5℃で培養し、ブドウ糖が消費された時点を培養終点とした(培養工程)。
培養終了後、培養液を80℃で10分間加熱滅菌処理した後、菌体をPBSで洗浄し、菌体濃度で10mg/mlになるように調整した(加工工程)。なお、加工工程時のpHは6.5に保持した。
〔菌体粒度の比較〕
参考例1および実施例1で調製した乳酸菌EFの菌体粒度を測定した。その結果を図3に示す。
図3に示されるように、非中和培養による菌体粒度が1.215と1μmより大きかったのに対し、中和培養による菌体粒度は0.701と1.0μm以下になっていることがわかる。
〔死菌乾燥粉末の調製〕
乳酸菌本来の大きさが0.6μm(図4A)で、選択的にサイトカインを誘導し得る2μm以下の粒子の積算分布が99%(図4B)の乳酸菌エンテロコッカス・フェカリス菌株EFを実施例1の方法で培養し、その培養液から菌体を濃縮し、賦形剤を添加せずに噴霧乾燥して粉末とした。
〔菌体粒度の比較〕
上記で調製した粉末を、再び水に分散させた。その結果、図4Aに示されるように、粒子径が100μmまでなだらかな粒度分布を示した。その内訳は、図4Bの積算分布に示されるように、パイエル板を通過する20μmまでの粒子は約50%、Th2細胞を誘導する3~7μmの粒子は約14%、さらにTh1細胞を誘導する2μm以下の粒子は高々1%に過ぎなかった。これではTh1/Th2応答をともに誘導する粒子が混在することになり、生理的には決して好ましい状況とは言えない。
これではせっかくの乳酸菌本来の機能も十分に発揮されない(高々10%程度)という結果を招くことが懸念される。
〔ナノ型乳酸菌ラクトバチルス・ブレビスの調製〕
乳酸菌ラクトバチルス・ブレビス菌株FERM BP-4693を、5質量%ブドウ糖添加の公知の栄養培地で、20質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で培養時におけるpHを6.5に調整しながら36.5℃で培養し、グルコース消費が完了した時点を培養終点とした(培養工程)。
培養終了後、培養液を80℃で10分間加熱滅菌処理し、菌体をPBSで洗浄し、菌体に対して重量換算で4倍量のデキストリンを賦形剤として添加し、ミキサーで分散してから凍結乾燥して試料を調製し、これを再び菌体濃度で10mg/mlになるようにPBSに懸濁した(加工工程)。なお、加工工程時のpHは6.5に保持した。
参考例1および実施例2で調製したラクトバチルス・ブレビス菌株FERM BP-4693の菌体粒度およびIFN-α産生能を測定した。その結果を図5に示す。
図5に示されるように、非中和培養の場合(LBRと表示)は、菌体粒度が8.8μm、IFN-α産生能が16.8pg/mlであったのに対し、中和培養の場合(NANO-LBRと表示)は、菌体粒度が0.7μmと1.0μm以下になり、そしてIFN-α産生能は92.9pg/mlと非中和培養の場合に比べて5.5倍に増強されていることがわかる。
Claims (13)
- 粒度分布における最頻値が1.0μm以下であることを特徴とするナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- 乳酸菌の培養工程および加工工程における培地のpHを中性域に調整して得られる請求項1記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- 前記培地のpHを5~8に調整して得られる請求項2記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- 前記乳酸菌の培養工程における培地にブドウ糖を含有させる請求項2または3記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- pHを中性域に調整した培地と、菌とを含む培養液に分散剤または賦形剤を添加して分散した後、凍結乾燥または噴霧乾燥して得られる請求項1記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- ラクトバチルス属乳酸菌である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- 前記ラクトバチルス属乳酸菌が、ラクトバチルス・ブレビスである請求項6記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- 前記ラクトバチルス・ブレビスの菌株が、FERM BP-4693である請求項7記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体を含有する免疫賦活作用を有する組成物。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体、または請求項9記載の組成物を含有する飲食物、飼料、化粧品または医薬品。
- 乳酸菌の培養工程および加工工程における培地のpHを中性域に調整する請求項1記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体の製造方法。
- 前記培地のpHを5~8に調整する請求項11記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体の製造方法。
- pHを中性域に調整した培地と、菌とを含む培養液に分散剤または賦形剤を添加して分散した後、凍結乾燥または噴霧乾燥する請求項11記載のナノ型乳酸菌の菌体の製造方法。
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US12/525,486 US20110189343A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2008-06-26 | Nano-sized lactic acid bacteria |
KR1020097016311A KR101580678B1 (ko) | 2008-06-26 | 2008-06-26 | 나노형 유산균 |
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EP2206505A4 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN101686998A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
KR101580678B1 (ko) | 2015-12-28 |
JP5257363B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
KR20110033893A (ko) | 2011-04-01 |
EP2206505B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EA020627B1 (ru) | 2014-12-30 |
US20110189343A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
EA201070036A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
JPWO2009157073A1 (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
EP2206505A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
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