WO2009145471A1 - 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물 제조용 신규 전구체 - Google Patents
리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물 제조용 신규 전구체 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009145471A1 WO2009145471A1 PCT/KR2009/001689 KR2009001689W WO2009145471A1 WO 2009145471 A1 WO2009145471 A1 WO 2009145471A1 KR 2009001689 W KR2009001689 W KR 2009001689W WO 2009145471 A1 WO2009145471 A1 WO 2009145471A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/02—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel precursor for producing a lithium transition metal oxide, and more particularly, to a transition metal precursor comprising a specific complex transition metal compound as a transition metal precursor used for the production of a lithium transition metal oxide. will be.
- lithium secondary batteries with high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and low self discharge rate It is commercially used and widely used.
- Lithium-containing cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) is mainly used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery.
- lithium-containing manganese oxides such as LiMnO 2 having a layered crystal structure and LiMn 2 O 4 having a spinel crystal structure, and lithium-containing nickel oxide
- (LiNiO 2 ) is also contemplated.
- LiCoO 2 is widely used because of its excellent physical properties such as excellent cycle characteristics, but it is low in safety and has a problem because it is expensive due to resource limitations of cobalt as a raw material.
- Lithium manganese oxides such as LiMnO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 have the advantage of using a resource-rich and environmentally friendly manganese as a raw material, attracting a lot of attention as a cathode active material that can replace LiCoO 2 .
- these lithium manganese oxides have disadvantages of small capacity and poor cycle characteristics.
- lithium nickel-based oxides such as LiNiO 2 have a lower discharge cost than the cobalt-based oxides and have a high discharge capacity when charged to 4.25 V.
- the reversible capacity of doped LiNiO 2 is equivalent to that of LiCoO 2 (about 153 mAh). / g) in excess of about 200 mAh / g.
- commercialized cells containing LiNiO 2 positive electrode active materials have improved energy densities, and thus, in order to develop high capacity batteries, Research is active.
- problems such as high production cost of LiNiO 2 based cathode active material, swelling due to gas generation in a battery, low chemical stability, high pH, etc. have not been sufficiently solved.
- a precursor for preparing the transition metal a transition metal prepared by using a coprecipitation method or the like is used. Techniques for using precursors are known.
- Such transition metal precursors are being researched to produce lithium transition metal oxides for achieving desired performance through prevention of tap density reduction through optimization of particle size, optimization of particle shape such as sphericalization, and the like.
- the present invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art as described above and the technical problems that have been requested from the past.
- the present invention provides a transition metal precursor comprising a composite transition metal compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 as a transition metal precursor used in the production of a lithium composite transition metal oxide as an electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- M is two or more selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr and bicycle transition metals;
- the transition metal precursor according to the present invention the number of oxidation of the transition metal is greater than +2, preferably, a novel complex transition metal compound in which the oxidation number of the transition metal is close to +3 which is the transition metal oxidation number of the lithium composite transition metal oxide It is included.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide When the lithium composite transition metal oxide is manufactured using such a transition metal precursor, the oxidation or reduction process for the oxidation number change can be simplified, and thus the process efficiency is excellent.
- the prepared lithium composite transition metal oxide not only shows excellent performance as a positive electrode active material, but also has significantly less reaction by-products such as Li 2 CO 3 or LiOH.H 2 O. Problems such as high temperature performance deterioration and high temperature swelling can be solved.
- transition metal precursor for producing a lithium composite transition metal oxide by coprecipitation
- materials such as M (OH) 2 and MOOH have been proposed in the prior art.
- MOOH is a lithium complex transition metal oxide having the oxidation number of the transition metal (M) as +3. It is ideal because it is the same as the transition metal oxide in, but it is practically very difficult to synthesize such MOOH.
- the transition metal in the complex transition metal hydroxide has an oxidation number of +2.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide is manufactured using the same, since the average oxidation number of the composite transition metal is +3 in the lithium composite transition metal oxide (LiMO 2 ), an oxidation process for changing the oxidation number is required.
- LiMO 2 lithium composite transition metal oxide
- composite transition metal hydroxides including Co, Ni and Mn are MOOH having a transition metal oxide number of +3 due to the structural properties of each transition metal and stability in aqueous solution, where M is Co, Ni, Mn It is difficult to prepare a complex transition metal hydroxide of the form Specifically, in each single synthesis of Co, Ni, Mn, etc., the form of Ni (OH) 2 , Co (OH) 2 , Mn (OH) 2 (space group: P-3m) in which the transition metal oxide number is +2 Of Co (OOH) (space group: R-3m, P6 3 / mmc) and Mn (OOH) (space group: PBNM, P121 / C1, PNMA, PNNM, B121 / D1) Synthesis is possible in form.
- the transition metal of the transition metal is higher than that of M (OH) 2 having an oxidation state of +2, and is a novel compound having an oxidation state of +3 but is actually very difficult to synthesize, and is particularly effective in mass production. It was possible to invent M (OH 1-x ) 2, which can exhibit excellent performance when a lithium composite transition metal oxide is synthesized.
- the oxidation number of the transition metal e.g., LiMO 2 to M
- the transition metal oxide number of the composite transition metal oxide is, for example, greater than +2 and less than +3. Can be a value.
- the complex transition metal compound of the present invention shows a peak different from the known crystal structure with respect to MOOH and M (OH) 2 . This means that in the composite transition metal oxide of the present invention, even when x has a value very close to 0.5 or at least x has a value of 0.5 in the measurement error range, it is a new crystal structure not known in the prior art.
- x is at least 0.2 and less than 0.5, more preferably at least 0.3 and less than 0.5.
- M is composed of two or more selected from the elements as defined above.
- M comprises one or more transition metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Mn, so that at least one physical property of the transition metals can be expressed in the lithium composite transition metal oxide can do.
- it may be composed of a composition containing two kinds of transition metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Mn or both.
- M ′ consists of Al, Mg, Cr, Ti, and Si One or more selected from the group.
- the complex transition metal compound of Formula 1 includes Ni, Co and Mn, a part of which is a complex of Formula 2 substituted with one or two or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Cr, Ti and Si It may be a transition metal compound.
- the composite transition metal compound contains Ni in a high content, it may be particularly preferably used to prepare a cathode active material for a high capacity lithium secondary battery.
- the transition metal precursor according to the present invention comprises at least a complex transition metal compound of the formula (1), in one preferred embodiment, the composite transition metal compound containing at least 30% by weight, more preferably 50% by weight or more It may consist of.
- the remaining materials constituting the precursor may vary, for example, the complex transition metal hydroxide having an oxidation state of +2.
- Such a transition metal precursor can be confirmed in Examples and Experimental Examples to be described later that it can be prepared with a lithium composite transition metal oxide of excellent physical properties compared to a transition metal precursor that does not contain a composite transition metal compound of Formula (1). .
- the present invention also provides a complex transition metal compound of Formula 1, as described above, the complex transition metal compound of Formula 1 is a novel material in the art per se.
- the transition metal precursor including the complex transition metal compound can simplify the oxidation or reduction process for the oxidation number change in the process for producing a lithium complex transition metal oxide, so that the process for controlling the oxidation or reduction atmosphere is simple and easy. Has the advantage.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide prepared therefrom can exhibit excellent performance as a positive electrode active material as compared with the case where it is not.
- reaction by-products such as Li 2 CO 3 and LiOH.H 2 O generated during the production of lithium transition metal oxides are significantly reduced. As a result, gelation of the slurry during the manufacturing of the battery caused by these by-products is caused. Problems such as low temperature performance of the battery and high temperature swelling can be solved.
- the transition metal precursor may be prepared by coprecipitation using a transition metal containing salt and a basic material.
- the coprecipitation method is a method for preparing two or more transition metal elements simultaneously by using a precipitation reaction in an aqueous solution.
- a complex transition metal compound including two or more transition metals may be prepared by mixing transition metal-containing salts in a desired molar ratio in consideration of the content of the transition metal to prepare an aqueous solution, followed by a strong base such as sodium hydroxide,
- additives such as an ammonia source may be added, and co-precipitation may be prepared while maintaining a basic pH.
- the pH range is 9 to 13, preferably 10 to 12, and in some cases, the reaction may be carried out in multiple stages.
- the transition metal-containing salt may be sulfate or nitrate, as it is preferable to have an anion that is easily decomposed and volatilized upon firing.
- nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, and the like but are not limited thereto.
- the basic material may include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and the like, and preferably sodium hydroxide, but is not limited thereto.
- additives and / or alkali carbonates which may form complexes with transition metals in the coprecipitation process may be further added.
- an ammonium ion source for example, an ethylene diamine compound, a citric acid compound, or the like can be used.
- the ammonium ion source include aqueous ammonia, aqueous ammonium sulfate solution and aqueous ammonium nitrate salt.
- the alkali carbonate may be selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate. In some cases, these may be used by mixing two or more thereof.
- the addition amount of the additive and alkali carbonate can be appropriately determined in consideration of the amount of transition metal-containing salt, pH, and the like.
- a transition metal precursor including only the complex transition metal compound according to Formula 1 may be prepared, or a transition metal precursor simultaneously containing other complex transition metal compounds may be prepared.
- a transition metal precursor simultaneously containing other complex transition metal compounds may be prepared.
- the present invention also provides a lithium composite transition metal oxide prepared from the transition metal precursor.
- a lithium composite transition metal oxide which is a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery may be manufactured by calcining the transition metal precursor and a lithium-containing material.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide prepared as described above may be preferably used as an electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, and these may be used alone or in combination with another known electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide prepared using the transition metal precursor had a very low content of lithium by-products such as lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) or lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Therefore, when the lithium composite transition metal oxide is used as an electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, it is excellent in high-temperature stability such as excellent firing and storage stability, reduced gas generation, high capacity, and excellent cycle characteristics.
- lithium by-products such as lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) or lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Therefore, when the lithium composite transition metal oxide is used as an electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, it is excellent in high-temperature stability such as excellent firing and storage stability, reduced gas generation, high capacity, and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the lithium-containing material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium oxide, and the like, and preferably lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and or lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be particularly preferably a lithium composite transition metal oxide including all of Co, Ni, and Mn.
- the present invention also provides a cathode including the lithium composite transition metal oxide as a cathode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- the positive electrode is prepared by, for example, applying a mixture of the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and the binder according to the present invention onto a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying, and, if necessary, further adding a filler to the mixture.
- the positive electrode current collector is generally made to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m. Such a positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- a positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- the surface of stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel Surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like can be used.
- the current collector may form fine irregularities on its surface to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material, and may be in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the conductive material is typically added in an amount of 1 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material.
- a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples thereof include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon blacks such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminum powder and nickel powder; Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives and the like can be used.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding the active material and the conductive material to the current collector, and is generally added in an amount of 1 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene , Polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butylene rubber, fluorine rubber, various copolymers and the like.
- the filler is optionally used as a component for inhibiting expansion of the positive electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the filler include olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Fibrous materials, such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, are used.
- the lithium secondary battery is generally composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a lithium salt-containing nonaqueous electrolyte, and other components of the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention will be described below.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by applying and drying a negative electrode material on the negative electrode current collector, and if necessary, the components as described above may be further included.
- the negative electrode material may be, for example, carbon such as hardly graphitized carbon or graphite carbon; Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1-x Me ' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me' Metal complex oxides such as Al, B, P, Si, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 elements of the periodic table, halogen, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1; 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); Lithium metal; Lithium alloys; Silicon-based alloys; Tin-based alloys; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , and metal oxides such as Bi 2 O 5 ;
- the negative electrode current collector is generally made to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel Surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like can be used.
- fine concavities and convexities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the separator is interposed between the anode and the cathode, and an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used.
- the pore diameter of the separator is generally from 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ m, thickness is generally 5 ⁇ 300 ⁇ m.
- a separator for example, olefin polymers such as chemical resistance and hydrophobic polypropylene; Sheets or non-woven fabrics made of glass fibers or polyethylene are used.
- a solid electrolyte such as a polymer
- the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator.
- the lithium-containing non-aqueous electrolyte consists of a nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte a nonaqueous electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and the like are used.
- organic solid electrolyte examples include polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, polyedgetion lysine, polyester sulfides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylidene fluorides, Polymers containing ionic dissociating groups and the like can be used.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include Li 3 N, LiI, Li 5 NI 2 , Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, LiSiO 4 , LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 2 SiS 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Nitrides, halides, sulfates and the like of Li, such as Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , and the like, may be used.
- the lithium salt is a good material to be dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, lithium tetraphenyl borate and imide have.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes pyridine, triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphate triamide, for the purpose of improving charge and discharge characteristics, flame retardancy, and the like.
- halogen-containing solvents such as carbon tetrachloride and ethylene trifluoride may be further included, and carbon dioxide gas may be further included to improve high temperature storage characteristics.
- FIG. 2 compares the X-ray diffraction peak of the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor according to Example 1 in Experimental Example 2 with the diffraction peaks of the conventional precursors M (OH) 2 and the theoretical crystal structures of MOOH. Is a graph;
- FIG. 3 is a graph comparing X-ray diffraction peaks obtained in Experimental Example 2.
- Nickel sulphate, cobalt sulphate, and manganese sulphate were mixed in a ratio of 0.55: 0.2: 0.25 (molar ratio) to prepare an aqueous solution of a transition metal at a concentration of 1.5 M, and a 3 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was prepared separately.
- the aqueous transition metal solution was continuously pumped to a tank for a wet reactor at 0.18 L / hr with a metering pump.
- the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was pumped in conjunction with the control equipment to adjust the pH of the distilled water in the tank, so that the distilled water in the wet reactor tank pH 11.0 ⁇ 11.5.
- a 30% concentration of ammonia solution as an additive was continuously pumped together into the reactor at a rate of 0.035 L to 0.04 L / hr.
- the average residence time of the solution in the wet reactor tank was about 5 to 6 hours, and after the reaction in the tank reached a steady state, Given time, more complex composite transition metal precursors were synthesized.
- a nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor prepared by continuously reacting the transition metal ion of the transition metal aqueous solution, the hydroxide hydroxide ion of sodium hydroxide, and the ammonia ion of the ammonia solution for 20 hours, Obtained continuously through overflow pipes installed on the
- the composite transition metal precursor thus obtained was washed several times with distilled water and dried in a 120 ° C. constant temperature dryer for 24 hours to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor.
- a transition metal precursor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature in the tank for the wet reactor was maintained at 40 to 45 ° C.
- a transition metal precursor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ammonia solution was added at 0.03 to 0.035 L / hr in the tank for the wet reactor.
- a transition metal precursor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of the aqueous transition metal solution including nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate was changed to 2M, and the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was changed to 4M.
- a transition metal precursor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ammonia solution was added at 0.03 to 0.035 L / hr in the tank for the wet reactor, and the temperature in the tank for the wet reactor was maintained at 40 to 45 ° C. It was.
- a transition metal precursor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for variable pumping so that the distilled water pH in the wet reactor tank was maintained at 10.5 to 11.0.
- a transition metal precursor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature in the tank for the wet reactor was maintained at 40 to 45 ° C. and the pump was variable pumped to maintain the distilled water pH in the wet reactor tank at 10.5 to 11.0. It was.
- Nickel sulphate, cobalt sulphate, and manganese sulphate were mixed in a ratio of 0.55: 0.2: 0.25 (molar ratio) to prepare an aqueous 2.0 M transition metal solution, and 4M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was prepared separately.
- the aqueous transition metal solution was continuously pumped to a tank for a wet reactor at 0.18 L / hr with a metering pump.
- the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was pumped in conjunction with the control equipment to adjust the pH of the distilled water in the tank, so that the distilled water in the wet reactor tank pH 10.0 ⁇ 10.5 is maintained.
- a 30% concentration of ammonia solution as an additive was continuously pumped together in the reactor at a rate of 0.01L ⁇ 0.015 L / hr to synthesize a composite transition metal precursor.
- Neutron diffraction experiments were performed at room temperature using a Ge (331) monochromator operated by the Nuclear Research Institute (Daejeon) and a HANARO HRPD device equipped with a 32-He-3 multiple detector system. The data were obtained at a wavelength of 1.8334 kHz over 3 hours in the 2 ⁇ range of 10-150 ° in conditions of increments of 0.05 °. The amount of sample used was 10-15 g.
- the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor prepared in Example 1 is M (OH 1-x ) 2 having a novel structure that is not known in the art.
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were obtained by Bragg-Brentano diffractometer (Bruker-) equipped with a Cu X-ray tube and Lynxeye detector over a total of 2 hours in an angle range of 15 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 75 ° in 0.025 ° increments.
- AXS D4 Endeavor was obtained at room temperature.
- FIG. 2 is a graph comparing an X-ray diffraction peak of a nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor according to Example 1 with a diffraction peak of a conventional precursor M (OH) 2 and a conventional theoretical crystal structure of MOOH.
- FIG. , Table 2 below shows the analysis results for the X-ray peak of FIG. 3.
- the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor prepared in Example 1 is a material having a novel structure that is not known in the prior art. Specifically, the transition metal precursor of Example 1 has a completely different structure from MOOHs as well as M (OH) 2 which is a known transition metal precursor.
- M (OH) 2 which is a known transition metal precursor.
- x has a value very close to 0.5 in the set range of the present invention, or x has a value of substantially 0.5 in the error range of the experimental measurement, that is, the transition metal oxide number of the complex transition metal precursor is +3. Even in this case, the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor according to the present invention is considered to be a completely different material from MOOH.
- Example 1 only the peak of M (OH 1-x ) 2 , in the case of Examples 2 to 7 M (OH 1-x ) in the peak ratio As the integral intensity ratio of 2 shows 50% or more, only M (OH 1-x ) 2 is present in the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor of Example 1, and the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite of Examples 2 to 7 It can be seen that M (OH 1-x ) 2 and M (OH) 2 coexist in the transition metal precursors. On the other hand, it can be seen that only M (OH) 2 is present in the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursor of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 6 when comparing the peak position of Example 1 and the peak position of M (OH) 2 , it can be refined to the case where x is less than 0.35 in M (OH 1-x ) 2 .
- the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite transition metal precursors prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1 were mixed with Li 2 CO 3 in a ratio of 1 to 1 (weight ratio), and then heated at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min. Firing at 920 ° C. for 10 hours to prepare a cathode active material powder of Li [Ni 0.55 Co 0.2 Mn 0.25 ] O 2 .
- prepared slurry was prepared by mixing Denka as a conductive material and KF1100 as a binder in a weight ratio of 95: 2.5: 2.5 to a cathode active material powder, and uniformly coated on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. This was dried to 130 °C to prepare a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
- a 2016 coin battery was prepared using a liquid electrolyte in which LiPF 6 was dissolved in 1 M in a solvent mixed with 1.
- Examples 8 to 14 of the lithium secondary battery comprising a lithium composite transition metal oxide prepared using a transition metal precursor according to the present invention as a positive electrode active material is prepared using a M (OH) 2 precursor Compared with the lithium secondary battery of Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that excellent performance even in the same composition.
- Li by-product values were confirmed by pH titration of the lithium composite transition metal oxides prepared in Examples 8 to 14 and Comparative Example 2, respectively.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide is removed through a filter and the obtained solution is titrated with 0.1 N HCl solution to measure the value of lithium byproduct. It was. At this time, titration was measured to pH5.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide (Examples 8 to 14) prepared using the transition metal precursor according to the present invention is a lithium composite of Comparative Example 2 prepared using a M (OH) 2 precursor It can be seen that the amount of Li by-products is greatly reduced compared to the transition metal oxide. In addition, as the ratio of M (OH 1-x ) 2 increases, the amount of Li by-products decreases significantly.
- the novel transition metal precursor for producing a lithium composite transition metal oxide according to the present invention is the number of oxidation of the transition metal is close to the oxidation number of the transition metal of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, using this to produce a lithium composite transition metal oxide
- the process efficiency is high
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide prepared using the same shows excellent performance as a cathode active material, and also Li 2 CO 3 or LiOH ⁇ H 2
- Significantly less reaction by-products such as O have the advantage of solving the problems such as gelling of the slurry, high temperature performance of the battery, high temperature swelling.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물의 제조에 사용되는 전이금속 전구체로서, 하기 화학식 1로 표현되는 복합 전이금속 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체:M(OH1-x)2 (1)상기 식에서,M은 Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr 및 2주기 전이금속들로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 둘 또는 그 이상이고;0<x<0.5 이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 M의 산화수는 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물에서 전이금속의 산화수에 근접한 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 M의 산화수는 +3에 근접한 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 x는 0.2 이상 내지 0.5 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 x는 0.3 이상 내지 0.5 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 M은 Ni, Co 및 Mn로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 전이금속을 포함하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 6 항에 있어서, 상기 M은 Ni, Co 및 Mn로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 두 종류의 전이금속 또는 이들 모두를 포함하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합 전이금속 화합물은 하기 화학식 2로 표현되는 복합 전이금속 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체:NibMncCo1-(b+c+d)M'd(OH1-x)2 (2)상기 식에서,0.3≤b≤0.9;0.1≤c≤0.6;0≤d≤0.1;b+c+d≤1;0<x<0.5;M'는 Al, Mg, Cr, Ti 및 Si로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 전이금속 전구체의 전체량을 기준으로 상기 복합 전이금속 화합물이 30 중량% 이상으로 함유되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 복합 전이금속 화합물이 50 중량% 이상으로 함유되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 전이금속 전구체.
- 하기 화학식 1로 표현되는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 전이금속 화합물:M(OH1-x)2 (1)상기 식에서, M 및 x는 제 1 항에서 정의한 바와 같다.
- 제 1 항에 따른 전이금속 전구체를 사용하여 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물.
- 제 12 항에 따른 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물을 양극 활물질로서 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
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PL09754936.4T PL2261176T3 (pl) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | Nowy prekursor do wytwarzania złożonego tlenku litu-metalu przejściowego |
CN2009801123716A CN101998932B (zh) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | 用于制备锂复合过渡金属氧化物的新前体 |
EP09754936.4A EP2261176B1 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | Novel precursor for the production of a lithium composite transition metal oxide |
US12/673,480 US8394299B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | Precursor for the preparation of a lithium composite transition metal oxide |
ES09754936T ES2928568T3 (es) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | Nuevo precursor para la producción de un óxido compuesto de litio-metal de transición |
JP2011502856A JP5655218B2 (ja) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物製造用の新規な前駆物質、リチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物及びリチウム二次バッテリ− |
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EP (1) | EP2261176B1 (ko) |
JP (2) | JP5655218B2 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN102983320A (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2928568T3 (ko) |
HU (1) | HUE060257T2 (ko) |
PL (1) | PL2261176T3 (ko) |
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EP2261176A4 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
EP2261176B1 (en) | 2022-09-14 |
CN102983320A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
US20120043499A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
TWI378077B (en) | 2012-12-01 |
JP2015038029A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
PL2261176T3 (pl) | 2022-11-14 |
CN101998932A (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
TW201000406A (en) | 2010-01-01 |
HUE060257T2 (hu) | 2023-02-28 |
US8394299B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
JP6029118B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
ES2928568T3 (es) | 2022-11-21 |
CN101998932B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
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EP2261176A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
JP2011516384A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
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