WO2009101673A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009101673A1 WO2009101673A1 PCT/JP2008/052323 JP2008052323W WO2009101673A1 WO 2009101673 A1 WO2009101673 A1 WO 2009101673A1 JP 2008052323 W JP2008052323 W JP 2008052323W WO 2009101673 A1 WO2009101673 A1 WO 2009101673A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/005—Interference suppression
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0016—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters
- H02M1/0022—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters the disturbance parameters being input voltage fluctuations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power converter that converts DC power into AC power of variable frequency and variable voltage, and in particular, a converter and an inverter that receives the DC output voltage and converts it into AC of variable frequency and variable voltage. It is related with the power converter device provided with.
- the converter uses a single-phase AC power source between the overhead wire and the rail as an AC side input via a pantograph, a transformer, etc., and performs AC / DC conversion so that a predetermined DC voltage is obtained. .
- a capacitor for smoothing the voltage is provided on the DC side of the converter.
- the DC power possessed by the capacitor is converted into AC power having a variable frequency and a variable voltage by an inverter.
- the AC power output from the inverter drives an AC rotating machine such as an induction motor.
- the voltage of the capacitor that is, the DC input voltage to the inverter is detected by a voltage detector.
- a current detector is provided on the AC output side of the inverter.
- the capacitor voltage pulsates at twice the frequency of the AC power supply (this frequency is called the pulsation frequency). If no measures are taken when the frequency of the AC power output by the inverter (referred to as the output frequency) is close to the pulsation frequency, the AC power output by the inverter and thus the torque generated by the motor will be the difference between the pulsation frequency and the output frequency. It is known that it fluctuates at a frequency of. Such fluctuation is called a beat phenomenon.
- the beat phenomenon occurs due to a difference in power between the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the AC power due to fluctuations in the DC voltage.
- control for eliminating or suppressing the beat phenomenon is performed by a control microcomputer. For this reason, a control delay occurs due to the calculation time required by the control microcomputer. Depending on the calculation time of the control microcomputer, the control delay becomes large and there is a lag phase in the pulsation frequency, and the effect of sufficiently reducing current pulsation and torque pulsation may not be obtained. Therefore, there is a problem that an inexpensive control microcomputer cannot be applied.
- the delay phase P [degree] at the pulsation frequency is as follows.
- the frequency of the AC power supply is 60 Hz
- the delay phase P for the same control delay varies depending on the frequency of the AC power supply. It can be seen that the delay phase increases as the calculation time of the control microcomputer increases. For this reason, the cheaper the control microcomputer, the longer the calculation time, the larger the delay phase, and the smaller the effect of reducing current pulsation and torque pulsation.
- a method of detecting a pulsation component by a band pass filter includes a plurality of band pass filters and switches according to the power source frequency.
- the present invention solves such a conventional problem and can compensate for the delay existing in the detection mechanism and the control system without depending on the pulsation frequency of the DC voltage. It aims at providing the power converter device which can suppress that a certain alternating current power fluctuates.
- a power converter includes a converter that converts AC power into DC power, a capacitor connected in parallel to the DC side of the converter, a DC voltage measuring instrument that measures the voltage of the capacitor, and the capacitor.
- An inverter connected in parallel to convert DC power into AC power of an arbitrary frequency, and a controller that controls the inverter by inputting a DC voltage value measured by the DC voltage measuring device at a predetermined sampling period,
- the controller includes a voltage control unit that controls a voltage amplitude of AC power output from the inverter, a frequency control unit that controls a frequency of AC power output from the inverter, and the DC voltage value at a predetermined number of samplings from the latest.
- DC voltage value storage unit for storing the latest sampling time using the DC voltage value stored in the DC voltage value storage unit
- a power converter includes a converter that converts AC power into DC power, a capacitor connected in parallel to the DC side of the converter, a DC voltage measuring instrument that measures the voltage of the capacitor, and the capacitor.
- An inverter connected in parallel to convert DC power into AC power of an arbitrary frequency, and a controller that controls the inverter by inputting a DC voltage value measured by the DC voltage measuring device at a predetermined sampling period,
- the controller includes a voltage control unit that controls a voltage amplitude of AC power output from the inverter, a frequency control unit that controls a frequency of AC power output from the inverter, and the DC voltage value at a predetermined number of samplings from the latest.
- DC voltage value storage unit for storing the latest sampling time using the DC voltage value stored in the DC voltage value storage unit
- a DC voltage value estimation unit for estimating a DC voltage estimation value after a predetermined time from the input, the DC voltage estimation value estimated by the DC voltage value estimation unit is input, and the inverter outputs the DC side pulsation of the inverter Since it has a pulsation suppression unit that acts on one or both of the voltage control unit and the frequency control unit so as to suppress fluctuations in AC power, it does not depend on the pulsation frequency of the DC voltage. In addition, it is possible to compensate for the delay existing in the detection mechanism and the control system, and to suppress the fluctuation of the AC power that is the output of the power converter.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure explaining the structure of the converter in the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure explaining the concept of the voltage estimation which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- the power converter which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention when a sampling time is set to 250 microseconds, it is a figure which shows the voltage estimated value in the next sampling time point which a DC voltage value estimation part estimates. It is a figure explaining the fluctuation
- FIG. 5A shows a case where the control according to the present invention is performed, and FIG. 5B shows a case where the control according to the present invention is not performed.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a power converter includes a converter 1 that rectifies AC power from an AC power source and converts it into DC power, a capacitor 2 that is connected in parallel to the DC side of the converter 1 and smoothes pulsation caused by rectification, and a capacitor And an inverter 3 that converts the DC power stored in 2 into AC power of an arbitrary voltage at an arbitrary frequency.
- An induction machine that is an AC rotating machine 4 is connected to the AC side of the inverter 3.
- the controller 5 controls the inverter 3 so as to output the voltage amplitude and frequency to be output by the inverter 3 obtained from the torque output from the AC rotating machine 4 and the command value for the rotational angular frequency.
- the AC rotating machine 4 driven by the power conversion device according to the present invention can be expected to have the same effect regardless of whether it is an induction machine or a synchronous machine.
- FIG. 2 is a single-phase diode rectifier circuit.
- a converter using a bridge circuit using a switching element such as an IGBT may be used.
- the power source may be a three-phase AC instead of a single phase. Any converter can be used as long as it can convert AC power from an AC power source into DC power.
- the inverter 3 performs pulse width modulation (PWM), and calculates and outputs an AC voltage that operates to satisfy the command values of the secondary magnetic flux, torque, and rotational angular frequency for the AC rotating machine 4 by vector control. To do.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the present invention can be applied even when vector control is not performed.
- the controller 5 performs control at discrete time intervals, and the DC voltage measurement value that is the voltage of the capacitor 2 measured by the voltage detector 6 that is a DC voltage measuring instrument and the rotation angle that is measured by the rotation sensor 7. A frequency is input at a predetermined sampling period. The control amount determined based on the latest sampling value is used at the next sampling time.
- the controller 5 includes a DC voltage value storage unit 51 that stores predetermined (three in this case) voltage measurement values from the latest, and the latest sampling time point using the predetermined (three in this case) voltage measurement values from the latest.
- DC voltage value estimator 52 for estimating the voltage of capacitor 2 after elapse of a predetermined time (here, one sampling period) from the polynomial approximation formula, and the DC voltage estimated value estimated by DC voltage value estimator 52 are sequentially input and pulsated.
- Signal from 56 is input with a pulse generator 57 for outputting a gate pulse for controlling the switching elements included in the inverter 1.
- the DC voltage value estimation unit 52 extrapolates a quadratic approximation polynomial obtained from the DC voltage measurement values at the three latest sampling points, and estimates the DC voltage value at the next sampling point.
- V n voltage measurement value at the latest sampling time
- V n ⁇ m voltage measurement value at the sampling time m times before the latest E n + 1 : at the latest next sampling time
- Voltage estimate
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the concept of voltage estimation according to the first embodiment of the present invention. From the latest three voltage measurement values V n , V n ⁇ 1 , and V n ⁇ 2 , a polynomial that represents the voltage indicated by the solid curve as a function of time is obtained. The time at the next sampling time is input to the obtained polynomial, and the estimated voltage value E n + 1 at the next sampling time is calculated.
- V n ⁇ 2 2 ⁇ (E n + 1 + V n ⁇ 1 ) ⁇ (E n + 1 ⁇ V n ⁇ 1 ) -3 x Vn (8)
- Equation (9) is an equation for obtaining a voltage estimated value at the next sampling time point extrapolated with a quadratic approximation polynomial obtained from voltage measurement values at the latest three sampling time points. Without obtaining the coefficients a, b, and c of the quadratic approximation polynomial, the voltage estimated value at the next sampling time can be obtained by simple calculation from the voltage measurement values at the latest three sampling times, so that Even a control microcomputer that is not so high can be calculated with sufficient response.
- FIG. 4 shows the estimated voltage value at the next sampling time estimated by the DC voltage value estimation unit 52 when the sampling time T is 250 ⁇ sec.
- the estimated voltage value at the next sampling time is a solid line that changes stepwise every T.
- a voltage measurement value at the latest sampling time point written with a delay of one sampling time T is also shown.
- a DC voltage value obtained by a second-order approximation polynomial that is different for each section is indicated by a solid curve. It can be seen that the estimated voltage value at the next sampling time can estimate the DC voltage almost accurately. Since a predetermined calculation is performed within one sampling period and control is performed for each sampling period, control is delayed by one sampling period when control is not performed by prefetching the estimation at the next sampling time point.
- E n + 1 4 ⁇ (V n ⁇ V n ⁇ 2 ) ⁇ 6 ⁇ V n ⁇ 1 ⁇ V n ⁇ 3 (10)
- E n + 1 5 ⁇ (V n ⁇ V n ⁇ 3 ) ⁇ 10 ⁇ (V n ⁇ 1 ⁇ V n ⁇ 2 ) + V n-4 (11)
- the minimum number of DC voltage measurement values necessary for obtaining the coefficients of the polynomial approximation formula are used. Since the measured value of DC voltage includes noise, the number of measured values of DC voltage is increased to minimize the square error in order to minimize the influence of noise in voltage estimation.
- a multinomial approximate expression may be obtained and used for estimation.
- the DC voltage at the next sampling time may be estimated from the measured values of the DC voltage at the latest, the previous sampling time and the previous three sampling times. You may estimate using approximation formulas other than a polynomial. You may estimate the direct-current voltage value of sampling time, such as 2 times ahead or 1.5 times ahead. Memorize the DC voltage measurement value at the predetermined sampling time from the latest, and use all or part of the stored DC voltage measurement value to estimate the DC voltage value after a predetermined time from the latest sampling time point Any DC voltage value estimating unit may be used.
- the estimated voltage value E n + 1 at the next sampling time estimated by the DC voltage value estimating unit 52 is input to the voltage pulsation detecting unit 53, and the pulsation component Vbeat is extracted.
- the voltage pulsation detecting unit 53 has a first-order lag filter having a predetermined time constant (T1), and extracts the voltage estimated value minus the output of the first-order lag filter as a pulsation component.
- T1 time constant
- s means a differential operator.
- the angular frequency control amount calculation unit 54 appropriately determines the frequency of the AC voltage output from the inverter 3 to be small when the pulsation component Vbeat is large, and to increase the frequency when the pulsation component Vbeat is small.
- the voltage and current in the dq coordinate system rotating in accordance with the rotating magnetic flux are determined as follows.
- the d-axis is an axis that matches the direction of the secondary magnetic flux
- the q-axis is an axis that is orthogonal to the d-axis.
- Vector control is the same as that conventionally performed, and only an outline will be described.
- the following variables are defined as variables expressing voltage, current, etc.
- ⁇ s * slip angular frequency command value.
- ⁇ The rotational angular frequency of the AC rotating machine 4. It is measured by the rotation sensor 7.
- ⁇ inv The frequency of the AC voltage output from the inverter 3.
- ⁇ d-axis phase in a fixed coordinate system.
- Vd * d-axis voltage command value that the inverter 3 should output.
- Vq * q-axis voltage command value that the inverter 3 should output.
- Id * d-axis current command value that the inverter 3 should output. Proportional to secondary magnetic flux command value.
- Iq * q-axis current command value that the inverter 3 should output. Proportional to torque command value.
- the slip angular frequency command value ⁇ s * of the induction machine is as follows.
- ⁇ s * (Iq * ⁇ Rr) / (Id * ⁇ Lr)
- the angular frequency ⁇ inv of the AC voltage output from the inverter 3 is as follows. If suppression of the beat phenomenon is not considered, there is no ⁇ beat term.
- ⁇ inv ⁇ + ⁇ s * + ⁇ beat (16) Equations (14) and (16) mean that the angular frequency ⁇ inv of the AC voltage output from the inverter 3 increases when the pulsating voltage Vbeat is large, and ⁇ inv decreases when Vbeat is small. is doing. By controlling in this way, the difference in power between the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of AC power is reduced, and the beat phenomenon can be suppressed.
- the angular frequency ⁇ inv is integrated, and the d-axis phase ⁇ is calculated by the following equation.
- ⁇ ⁇ inv dt (17)
- the d-axis and q-axis voltages are as follows.
- Vd * Rs ⁇ Id * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ inv ⁇ Ls ⁇ Iq * (18)
- Vq * Rs ⁇ Iq * + ⁇ inv ⁇ Ls ⁇ Id * (19)
- the frequency control unit 55 receives the angular frequency control amount ⁇ beat and calculates the equation (15) from the equation (15).
- the voltage control unit 56 calculates Expressions (18) and (19).
- the pulse generator 57 receives the d-axis phase ⁇ and the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values Vd * and Vq *, and performs switching so that the AC voltage output from the inverter 3 matches these command values.
- a gate pulse is generated to be applied to the gate of the element.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining fluctuations in torque of the AC rotating machine when the control for suppressing the beat phenomenon is performed and when it is not performed in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows a case where the control according to the present invention is performed
- FIG. 5B shows a case where the control according to the present invention is not performed.
- FIG. 5 shows that the beat phenomenon can be suppressed by the present invention.
- the simulation conditions are as follows: the induction vehicle capacity is 200 kW, the maximum torque is 2000 Nm, the DC voltage average value is 1500 V, the pulsation component is 2%, the amplitude of the pulsation component is 30 V, and the frequency of the AC power supply is 60 Hz. The frequency is 120 Hz.
- the DC voltage value at the next sampling time is estimated, and control is performed based on this estimated DC voltage value, so there is no delay due to pulsation detection or computation processing, and the beat phenomenon is suppressed. There is an effect that control can be performed. In addition, since no band pass filter is used, there is an effect that it is possible to easily cope with a change in power supply frequency.
- the pulsation suppression unit acts on the frequency control unit to suppress the beat phenomenon
- the pulsation suppression unit may act on the voltage control unit.
- the configuration is complicated, the pulsation suppressing unit may act on both the frequency control unit and the voltage control unit. The above also applies to other embodiments.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- the output of the voltage detector 6 is input to the controller 5 through the filter 8.
- the filter 8 is a first-order lag filter with a time constant T2.
- the frequency that is the reciprocal of the time constant T2 is made smaller than the switching frequency of the inverter 3 (here, 1000 Hz), and is sufficiently larger than the frequency of the pulsation so that the pulsation of the DC voltage is also input to the controller 5.
- a high-frequency rejection filter may be used. Any signal can be used as long as a signal having a frequency sufficiently higher than the pulsation of the DC voltage can be removed.
- This second embodiment also operates in the same manner as the first embodiment. Since the DC voltage value at the next sampling time is estimated and control is performed based on the estimated DC voltage value, there is no delay due to detection of pulsation or calculation processing, and control to suppress the beat phenomenon is performed. There is an effect that can be. In addition, since no band pass filter is used, there is an effect that it is possible to easily cope with a change in power supply frequency. Furthermore, since the estimation is based on the measured value of the DC voltage from which noise generated by switching or the like is removed, the accuracy of the estimation of the DC voltage is improved. The above also applies to other embodiments.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the power conversion device according to the third embodiment. Only the differences from FIG. 1 in the case of the first embodiment will be described.
- the pulsation extraction unit 53 and the angular frequency control amount calculation unit 54 are not provided, and a modulation rate calculation unit 58 that is a pulsation suppression unit is added.
- the modulation factor calculator 58 calculates the modulation factor so that it is inversely proportional to the estimated voltage value E n + 1 at the next sampling time estimated by the DC voltage value estimator 52.
- the modulation rate calculated by the modulation rate calculation unit 58 is input to the voltage control unit 56A.
- the DC voltage value estimation unit 52 estimates the voltage estimated value En + 1 at the next sampling time by using the equation (9).
- the slip angular frequency ⁇ s * of the induction machine can be obtained by equation (15).
- the d-axis phase ⁇ is calculated by equation (17).
- the d-axis and q-axis voltages are calculated by equations (18) and (19).
- the modulation factor calculator 58 calculates the modulation factor PMF using the following equation.
- the modulation factor PMF ⁇ (Vd * 2 + Vq * 2 ) / (( ⁇ 6 / ⁇ ) ⁇ E n + 1 ) (21) If the modulation factor PMF is calculated by the equation (21), the modulation factor PMF decreases when the DC voltage estimated value E n + 1 is large, and the modulation factor PMF increases when the DC voltage estimated value E n + 1 is small. Even if the estimated DC voltage fluctuates, the AC power generated by the inverter does not fluctuate at all theoretically, and even if fluctuated, the magnitude of the fluctuation becomes small. Therefore, the beat phenomenon can be suppressed.
- the modulation factor PMF is multiplied by the voltage command value vector (Vd * , Vq * ) to obtain the following three-phase voltage command values (Vu * , Vv * , Vw * ).
- Vu * PMF ⁇ cos ( ⁇ v) (22)
- Vv * PMF ⁇ cos ( ⁇ v ⁇ (2/3) ⁇ ) (23)
- Vw * PMF ⁇ cos ( ⁇ v + (2/3) ⁇ ) (24)
- ⁇ v is the phase of the voltage command vector, which is slightly advanced from the d-axis, and can be calculated by the following equation.
- the pulse generator 57 is configured so that the three-phase AC voltage output from the inverter 3 matches the three-phase voltage command values (Vu * , Vv * , Vw * ) represented by the equations (22) to (24). A gate pulse to be applied to the gate of the switching element is generated.
- the pulsation suppression unit acts on the voltage control unit, the DC voltage value at the next sampling time is estimated, and control is performed based on this estimated DC voltage value. There is an effect that there is no delay and control can be performed to suppress the beat phenomenon. In addition, since no band pass filter is used, there is an effect that it is possible to easily cope with a change in power supply frequency. Furthermore, since the pulsation extraction unit is unnecessary, the structure of the controller is further simplified.
- FIG. 4 is a case where the pulsation suppression unit acts on the voltage control unit to suppress the beat phenomenon in the voltage frequency ratio constant control in which the voltage to frequency ratio is constant.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the power conversion device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the controller 5 includes a DC voltage value storage unit 51, a DC voltage value estimation unit 52, a phase voltage conversion unit 59 that converts a DC voltage estimated value estimated by the DC voltage value estimation unit 52 into a phase voltage, and a phase voltage.
- a reciprocal conversion unit 5A for obtaining a reciprocal of the phase voltage output by the conversion unit 59; an angular frequency command value setting unit 5B for setting a frequency command value; an output voltage calculation unit 5C for determining an output voltage from the frequency command value;
- a voltage control unit 56B having a voltage amplitude obtained by multiplying the voltage output from the voltage calculation unit 5C by the output of the reciprocal conversion unit 5A, and the outputs of the voltage control unit 56B and the angular frequency command value setting unit 5B are input to the inverter 3
- a pulse generation unit 57A that outputs a gate pulse for controlling the switching element included.
- the phase voltage conversion unit 59 and the reciprocal conversion unit 5A constitute a pulsation suppressing unit.
- DC voltage value storage unit 51 and DC voltage value estimation unit 52 operate in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the phase voltage converter 59 converts the estimated voltage value En + 1 at the next sampling time into the phase voltage V1 by the following equation.
- V1 (2 / ⁇ ) ⁇ E n + 1 (26)
- the reciprocal conversion unit 5A calculates V2 which is the reciprocal of V1 as follows. Similar to the equation (21) in the third embodiment, this equation can suppress the fluctuation of the AC power generated by the inverter and can suppress the beat phenomenon.
- V2 1 / V1 (27)
- the angular frequency command value setting unit 5B converts the frequency command value input from the outside into an angular frequency, and sets the angular frequency command value ⁇ * .
- An angular frequency command ⁇ * is input to the output voltage calculation unit 5C, and a voltage command value V * is calculated so that the voltage to frequency ratio is constant.
- the voltage control unit 56B outputs the product of V * and V2.
- the pulse generator 57A controls the gate pulse applied to the gate of the switching element of the inverter 3 so that the inverter 3 outputs the following three-phase voltage command values (Vu * , Vv * , Vw * ).
- Vu * (V * / V1) ⁇ cos ( ⁇ ) (28)
- Vv * (V * / V1) ⁇ cos ( ⁇ (2/3) ⁇ ) (29)
- Vw * (V * / V1) ⁇ cos ( ⁇ + (2/3) ⁇ ) (30)
- FIG. 5 is a case where the third embodiment is changed so as to be applied to a permanent magnet synchronous machine.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment. Only differences from FIG. 7 in the case of the third embodiment will be described.
- the AC rotating machine 4A is a permanent magnet synchronous machine.
- the frequency control unit 55A and the voltage control unit 56C perform control corresponding to the synchronous machine.
- the relationship between the frequency control unit 55A and the voltage control unit 56C and other components is the same as that in the third embodiment.
- DC voltage value storage unit 51 and DC voltage value estimation unit 52 operate in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the following are defined as device constants of the synchronous machine.
- R resistance value of the synchronous machine
- Ld d-axis inductance value of the synchronous machine
- Lq q-axis inductance value of the synchronous machine
- the d-axis and q-axis voltages are as follows.
- p is a differential operator.
- the term p may be omitted.
- Vd * (R + Ld ⁇ p) ⁇ Id * ⁇ ⁇ Lq ⁇ Iq * (32)
- Vq * (R + Lq ⁇ p) ⁇ Iq * + ⁇ ⁇ Ld ⁇ Id * (33)
- the modulation factor calculator 58 calculates the modulation factor PMF from the above equation (21) from Vd * according to equation (32) and Vq * according to equation (33).
- the modulation factor PMF is multiplied by the voltage command value vector (Vd * , Vq * ), and the three-phase voltage command values (Vu * , Vv * , Vw * ) calculated from the equations (22) to (24) are obtained. Desired.
- the pulse generator 57 is configured so that the three-phase AC voltage output from the inverter 3 matches the three-phase voltage command values (Vu * , Vv * , Vw * ) represented by the equations (22) to (24). A gate pulse applied to the gate of the switching element of the inverter 3 is generated.
- the DC voltage value at the next sampling time is estimated, and control is performed based on the estimated DC voltage value. There is an effect that control for suppressing the phenomenon can be performed. In addition, since no band pass filter is used, there is an effect that it is possible to easily cope with a change in power supply frequency. Furthermore, since the pulsation extraction unit is unnecessary, the structure of the controller is further simplified.
- the DC voltage value estimation unit estimates the DC voltage at a time point after k cycles from the latest sampling time point. If k is set to an appropriate value larger than 1, it can be corrected including the control delay in the inverter.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the power conversion device according to the sixth embodiment. Only differences from FIG. 1, which is the case of the first embodiment, will be described.
- the DC voltage value estimation unit 52A estimates a DC voltage at a time point after k cycles from the latest sampling time point.
- the output of the DC voltage value estimation unit 52A is input to the pulsation extraction unit 53.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the concept of voltage estimation according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. From the latest three voltage measurement values V n , V n ⁇ 1 , V n ⁇ 2 , a polynomial that expresses the voltage indicated by the solid curve as a function of time is obtained. A time at a point after k cycles from the latest sampling time is input to the obtained polynomial, and a voltage estimated value E n + k at a time after k cycles from the latest sampling time is calculated.
- the estimated voltage value En + k after k cycles from the latest sampling point estimated by the DC voltage value estimating unit 52 is input to the voltage pulsation detecting unit 53, and the pulsation component Vbeat is extracted as in the first embodiment. .
- the extraction formula is obtained by replacing E n + 1 with E n + k in the formula (13). Subsequent operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- a DC voltage value at a time point after a predetermined time (here, k cycles) has elapsed from the latest sampling time point, and control is performed based on the estimated DC voltage value.
- a predetermined time here, k cycles
- control for suppressing the beat phenomenon can be performed by correcting the control delay in the inverter.
- band pass filter since no band pass filter is used, there is an effect that it is possible to easily cope with a change in power supply frequency.
- E n + k ((k 3 + 6 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 5 ⁇ k + 6) / 6) ⁇ V n ⁇ ((K 3 + 5 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ k) / 2) ⁇ V n ⁇ 1 + ((K 3 + 4 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ k) / 2) ⁇ V n ⁇ 2 ⁇ ((K 3 + 3 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ k) / 6) ⁇ V n ⁇ 3 (37)
- E n + k ((k 4 + 10 ⁇ k 3 + 11 ⁇ k 2 + 26 ⁇ k + 24) / 24) ⁇ V n ⁇ ((K 4 + 9 ⁇ k 3 + 26 ⁇ k 2 + 12 ⁇ k) / 6) ⁇ V n ⁇ 1 + ((K 4 + 8 ⁇ k 3 + 19 ⁇ k 2 + 12 ⁇ k) / 4) ⁇ V n ⁇ 2 ⁇ ((K 4 + 7 ⁇ k 3 + 14 ⁇ k 2 + 8 ⁇ k) / 6) ⁇ V n ⁇ 3 + ((K 4 + 6 ⁇ k 3 + 11 ⁇ k 2 + 6 ⁇ k) / 24) ⁇ V n ⁇ 4 (38)
- E n + 1.5 (27/16) ⁇ V n ⁇ (45/16) ⁇ V n ⁇ 1 + (63/16) ⁇ V n ⁇ 2 + (19/16) ⁇ V n ⁇ 3 (39)
- E n + 1.5 (555/128) ⁇ V n ⁇ (597/32) ⁇ V n ⁇ 1 + (1485/64) ⁇ V n ⁇ 2 ⁇ (385/32) ⁇ V n ⁇ 3 + (315/128) ⁇ V n-4 (40)
- a filter that removes a high frequency from the voltage of the capacitor 2 measured by the voltage detector 6 may be stored and used in the DC voltage value estimation unit. Instead of using a filter, the number of measured values of the DC voltage may be increased, and a polynomial approximate expression that minimizes the square error may be obtained and used for estimation.
- the DC voltage at the time after a predetermined time (here, k cycles) has elapsed from the latest sampling time is estimated using a polynomial approximation obtained in units of predetermined times (for example, twice) of the sampling cycle. May be.
- an AC rotating machine is shown as a load connected to the power converter, but the AC rotating machine is not limited to an induction machine or a synchronous machine, and any AC rotating machine is used.
- the same effect can be expected with the machine.
- the same effect can be expected when applied to a power conversion device that controls an electromagnetic actuator such as a linear induction motor, a linear synchronous motor, or a solenoid.
- the configuration shown in the above embodiment is an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with other known techniques, and a part of the configuration is omitted without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to change the configuration.
- the present invention is a power conversion device that drives an AC rotating machine at a variable speed using a direct current obtained by rectifying an alternating current power supply with a converter as a power supply, and is particularly assumed to be applied to an electric vehicle that is an alternating current electric railway.
- the present invention can also be applied to an air conditioner for trains and appliances that control an electric motor with an inverter, such as an air conditioner, a refrigerator, and a washing machine.
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Abstract
Description
ビート現象を解消または抑制するために、電圧検出器により検出されるインバータへの直流入力電圧から帯域通過フィルタなどにより脈動成分だけを抽出し、脈動周波数の1周期内で脈動成分の大きさに比例してインバータの出力周波数を変動させる制御が行われている。(例えば、特許文献1を参照)
P=500[μ秒]×2×50[Hz]×360[度]=18.0[度]
交流電源の周波数が60Hzの場合には、以下のようになる。
P=500[μ秒]×2×60[Hz]×360[度]=21.6[度]
同一の制御遅れに対する遅れ位相Pは、交流電源の周波数に応じて異なることが分かる。この遅れ位相は、制御マイコンの演算時間が大きくなればなるほど大きくなることが分かる。そのため、安価な制御マイコンほど演算時間が大きくなるため、遅れ位相が大きくなり、電流の脈動やトルク脈動を低減できる効果が小さくなる。
3 :インバータ、 4 :交流回転機(誘導機)
4A:交流回転機(同期機)、 5 :制御器
51:直流電圧値記憶部、 52:直流電圧値推定部
53:脈動抽出部、 54:角周波数制御量演算部(脈動抑制部)
55:周波数制御部、 55A:周波数制御部
56:電圧制御部、 56A:電圧制御部
56B:電圧制御部、 56C:電圧制御部
57:パルス発生部、 57A:パルス発生部
58:変調率演算部(脈動抑制部)、 59:相電圧変換部(脈動抑制部)
5A:逆数変換部(脈動抑制部)、 5B:角周波数指令値設定部
5C:出力電圧演算部、 6 :電圧検出器(直流電圧計測器)
7 :回転センサ、 8 :フィルタ部
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。図1において電力変換装置は、交流電源からの交流電力を整流して直流電力に変換するコンバータ1と、コンバータ1の直流側に並列に接続されて整流による脈動を平滑化するコンデンサ2と、コンデンサ2に貯えられた直流電力を任意周波数で任意電圧の交流電力に変換するインバータ3とを有する。インバータ3の交流側には交流回転機4である誘導機が接続される。制御器5は、交流回転機4が出力するトルクと回転角周波数に対する指令値から求められたインバータ3が出力すべき電圧振幅と周波数を出力するようにインバータ3を制御する。なお、この発明となる電力変換装置によって駆動する交流回転機4は、誘導機と同期機のどちらでも同様の効果が期待できる。
インバータ3は、パルス幅変調(PWM:Pulse width modulation)を行い、交流回転機4に対する二次磁束、トルク及び回転角周波数の指令値を満足するように動作させる交流電圧をベクトル制御により求めて出力する。なお、ベクトル制御を行わない場合でも、この発明は適用できる。
制御器5は、最新から所定個(ここでは3個)の電圧計測値を記憶する直流電圧値記憶部51、最新から所定個(ここでは3個)の電圧計測値を用いて最新のサンプリング時点から所定時間(ここでは1サンプリング周期)経過後のコンデンサ2の電圧を多項近似式から推定する直流電圧値推定部52、直流電圧値推定部52が推定する直流電圧推定値が逐次入力されて脈動成分Vbeatを抽出する脈動抽出部53、脈動抽出部53で抽出された脈動成分Vbeatに所定ゲインを掛けて角周波数制御量ωbeatを出力する脈動抑制部である周波数制御量演算部54、角周波数制御量ωbeatが入力されてインバータ1の出力電圧の周波数を制御する周波数制御部55、インバータ1の出力電圧の振幅を制御する電圧制御部56、周波数制御部55と電圧制御部56からの信号が入力されてインバータ1が有するスイッチング素子を制御するゲートパルスを出力するパルス発生部57を有する。
次のサンプリング時点での直流電圧値を推定する式を導出するために、以下の変数を定義する。
T :サンプリング周期
tn :最新のサンプリング時点
tn-m:最新からm回前のサンプリング時点(=Tn-m×T)
tn+1:最新の次のサンプリング時点
Vn :最新のサンプリング時点での電圧計測値
Vn-m:最新からm回前のサンプリング時点での電圧計測値
En+1:最新の次のサンプリング時点での電圧推定値
Vn-m=a×(m×T)2-b×(m×T)+c (1)
最新から3個のサンプリング時点での電圧計測値を(1)式に代入すると、以下のようになる。
Vn =c (2)
Vn-1=a×T2-b×T+c (3)
Vn-2=4×a×T2-2×b×T+c (4)
また、次回のサンプリング時点での電圧推定値En+1を(1)式から計算すると、以下のようになる。
En+1=a×T2+b×T+c (5)
En+1-Vn-1=2×b×T (6)
(5)式と(3)式を足すと、以下となる。
En+1+Vn-1=2×a×T2+2×c (7)
(7)式を2倍したものから、(2)式を3倍したものと(6)式の和を引いた式の右辺は、(4)式の右辺と同じになるので、以下の式が成立する。
Vn-2=2×(En+1+Vn-1)-(En+1-Vn-1)
-3×Vn (8)
(8)式をEn+1に関して解くと、以下のようになる。
En+1=3×(Vn-Vn-1)+Vn-2 (9)
En+1=4×(Vn-Vn-2)-6×Vn-1-Vn-3 (10)
同様に、4次近似多項式を使用する場合は、以下のようになる。
En+1=5×(Vn-Vn-3)-10×(Vn-1-Vn-2)
+Vn-4 (11)
En+1=(15/8)×Vn-(5/4)×Vn-2
+(3/8)×Vn-4 (12)
Vbeat=En+1-En+1/(1+T1×s)
=((T1×s)/(1+T1×s))×En+1 (13)
1次遅れフィルタの時定数T1は、サンプリング周期Tの少なくとも10倍以上とし、望ましくは100倍以上の値とする。T=250μ秒の場合には、T1=0.0025秒以上に望ましくはT1=0.025秒以上にすればよい。
ωbeat=K×Vbeat (14)
電圧、電流などを表現する変数として、以下の変数を定義する。
ωs*:すべり角周波数指令値。
ω :交流回転機4の回転角周波数。回転センサ7により計測される。
ωinv :インバータ3が出力する交流電圧の周波数。
θ :固定座標系でのd軸の位相。
Vd*:インバータ3が出力すべきd軸電圧指令値。
Vq*:インバータ3が出力すべきq軸電圧指令値。
Id*:インバータ3が出力すべきd軸電流指令値。2次磁束指令値に比例。
Iq*:インバータ3が出力すべきq軸電流指令値。トルク指令値に比例。
Rs:誘導機の1次抵抗値
Rr:誘導機の2次抵抗値
Ls:誘導機の1次インダクタンス値
Lr:誘導機の2次インダクタンス値
M :誘導機の相互インダクタンス
σ :誘導機の漏れ係数。σ=1-(M2/(Ls×Lr))
ωs*=(Iq*×Rr)/(Id*×Lr) (15)
インバータ3が出力する交流電圧の角周波数ωinvは、以下のようになる。なお、ビート現象の抑制を考慮しない場合は、ωbeatの項が無い。
ωinv=ω+ωs*+ωbeat (16)
(14)式と(16)式は、脈動分の電圧Vbeatが大きい場合には、インバータ3が出力する交流電圧の角周波数ωinvが大きくなり、Vbeatが小さい場合にはωinvが小さくなることを意味している。このように制御すると、交流電力の正の半サイクルと負の半サイクルでの電力の差が小さくなり、ビート現象が抑制できる。
θ=∫ωinv dt (17)
d軸とq軸の電圧は、以下のようになる。
Vd*=Rs×Id*-σ×ωinv×Ls×Iq* (18)
Vq*=Rs×Iq*+ωinv×Ls×Id* (19)
周波数制御部55は、角周波数制御量ωbeatが入力されて、(15)式から(17)式を計算する。電圧制御部56は、(18)式と(19)式を計算する。パルス発生部57は、d軸の位相θとd軸及びq軸の電圧指令値Vd*及びVq*が入力されて、インバータ3が出力する交流電圧がこれらの指令値に一致するように、スイッチング素子のゲートに印加するゲートパルスを発生する。
シミュレーション条件は、電気車用誘導機の容量が200kW、最大トルクが2000Nm、直流電圧平均値が1500V、脈動成分が2%として脈動成分の振幅が30V、交流電源の周波数が60Hzであり、脈動成分の周波数が120Hzである。
脈動抑制部が周波数制御部に作用してビート現象を抑制したが、電圧制御部に作用するようにしてもよい。構成は複雑になるが、脈動抑制部が周波数制御部と電圧制御部の両方に作用するようにしてもよい。
以上のことは、他の実施の形態でもあてはまる。
電圧検出器6が計測するコンデンサ2の電圧には、コンバータ1やインバータ3が有するスイッチング素子で発生するスイッチングノイズが含まれる場合がある。スイッチングノイズ以外のノイズが含まれる場合も考えられる。この実施の形態2は、ノイズと判断できる高周波成分を除去したものを直流電圧計測値として保存するようにしたものである。この実施の形態2に係る電力変換装置の構成を説明する図を、図6に示す。
以上のことは、他の実施の形態でもあてはまる。
この実施の形態3は、脈動抑制部が電圧制御部に作用してビート現象を抑制する場合である。この実施の形態3に係る電力変換装置の構成を説明する図を、図7に示す。
実施の形態1の場合での図1と異なる点だけを説明する。脈動抽出部53と角周波数制御量演算部54が無く、脈動抑制部である変調率演算部58が追加されている。変調率演算部58は、直流電圧値推定部52により推定される次回のサンプリング時点での電圧推定値En+1に変調率が逆比例するように演算する。電圧制御部56Aには、変調率演算部58により演算される変調率が入力される。
ωinv=ω+ωs* (20)
d軸の位相θは、(17)式で計算される。d軸とq軸の電圧は、(18)式と(19)式により計算される。
変調率演算部58では、以下の式で変調率PMFを計算する。
PMF=√(Vd*2+Vq*2)/((√6/π)×En+1) (21)
(21)式により変調率PMFを計算すれば、直流電圧推定値En+1が大きい場合には変調率PMFが小さくなり、直流電圧推定値En+1が小さい場合には変調率PMFは大きくなる。直流電圧推定値が変動しても、インバータが発生する交流電力は理論的には全く変動せず、変動するとしても変動の大きさは小さくなる。そのため、ビート現象を抑制できる。
Vu*=PMF×cos(θv) (22)
Vv*=PMF×cos(θv-(2/3)π) (23)
Vw*=PMF×cos(θv+(2/3)π) (24)
ここに、θvは、電圧指令ベクトルの位相であり、d軸よりも少し進んでおり、以下の式で計算できる。
θv=θ+arctan(Vq*/Vd*) (25)
パルス発生部57は、インバータ3が出力する三相交流電圧が(22)式から(24)式で表される三相電圧指令値(Vu*、Vv*、Vw*)に一致するように、スイッチング素子のゲートに印加するゲートパルスを発生する。
この実施の形態4は、電圧と周波数の比を一定にする電圧周波数比一定制御において脈動抑制部が電圧制御部に作用してビート現象を抑制する場合である。この実施の形態4に係る電力変換装置の構成を説明する図を、図8に示す。
V1=(2/π)×En+1 (26)
逆数変換部5Aでは、以下のようにV1の逆数であるV2を演算する。この式は、実施の形態3における(21)式と同様に、インバータが発生する交流電力の変動を抑えることができ、ビート現象を抑制できる。
V2=1/V1 (27)
電圧制御部56Bでは、V*とV2を掛けたものを出力する。パルス発生部57Aでは、以下のような三相電圧指令値(Vu*、Vv*、Vw*)を、インバータ3が出力するようにインバータ3のスイッチング素子のゲートに印加するゲートパルスを制御する。
Vu*=(V*/V1)×cos(θ) (28)
Vv*=(V*/V1)×cos(θ-(2/3)π) (29)
Vw*=(V*/V1)×cos(θ+(2/3)π) (30)
この実施の形態5は、永久磁石同期機に適用するように実施の形態3を変更した場合である。この実施の形態5に係る電力変換装置の構成を説明する図を、図9に示す。
実施の形態3の場合での図7と異なる点だけを説明する。交流回転機4Aが、永久磁石同期機である。周波数制御部55Aと電圧制御部56Cが同期機に対応した制御を行う。周波数制御部55A及び電圧制御部56Cと他の構成要素との関係は、実施の形態3の場合と同様である。
R :同期機の抵抗値
Ld:同期機のd軸インダクタンス値
Lq:同期機のq軸インダクタンス値
インバータ3が出力する交流電圧の角周波数ωinvは、同期機の回転角周波数と一致するので以下のようになる。d軸の位相θは、(17)式となる。
ωinv=ω (31)
Vd*=(R+Ld×p)×Id*-ω×Lq×Iq* (32)
Vq*=(R+Lq×p)×Iq*+ω×Ld×Id* (33)
(32)式によるVd*と(33)式によるVq*とから変調率演算部58では、前述の(21)式で変調率PMFを計算する。変調率PMFは、電圧指令値ベクトル(Vd*、Vq*)に掛けられて、(22)式から(24)式で計算される三相電圧指令値(Vu*、Vv*、Vw*)が求められる。
パルス発生部57は、インバータ3が出力する三相交流電圧が(22)式から(24)式で表される三相電圧指令値(Vu*、Vv*、Vw*)に一致するように、インバータ3が有するスイッチング素子のゲートに印加するゲートパルスを発生する。
この実施の形態6は、直流電圧値推定部が最新のサンプリング時点からk周期後の時点での直流電圧を推定するようにした場合である。kを1よりも大きい適切な値に設定すると、インバータでの制御遅れも含めて補正できることになる。この実施の形態6に係る電力変換装置の構成を説明する図を、図10に示す。実施の形態1の場合である図1と異なる点だけを説明する。直流電圧値推定部52Aは、最新のサンプリング時点からk周期後の時点での直流電圧を推定するものである。直流電圧値推定部52Aの出力は、脈動抽出部53に入力される。
En+k:最新のサンプリング時点からk周期後の時点での電圧推定値
この発明の実施の形態6に係る電圧推定の概念を説明する図を、図11に示す。最新から3個の電圧計測値Vn、Vn-1、Vn-2、から、実線の曲線で示した電圧を時間の関数として表現する多項式を求める。求めた多項式に最新のサンプリング時点からk周期後の時点の時間を入力して、最新のサンプリング時点からk周期後の時点での電圧推定値En+kを計算する。
En+k=a×(k×T)2+b×k×T+c (34)
En+k=((k2+3×k+2)/2)×Vn-(k2+2×k)×Vn-1
+((k2+k)/2)×Vn-2 (35)
k=1.5とすると、(35)式より以下となる。
En+1.5=(35/8)×Vn-(21/4)×Vn-1
+(15/8)×Vn-2 (36)
En+k=((k3+6×k2-5×k+6)/6)×Vn
-((k3+5×k2-6×k)/2)×Vn-1
+((k3+4×k2-3×k)/2)×Vn-2
-((k3+3×k2-2×k)/6)×Vn-3 (37)
En+k=((k4+10×k3+11×k2+26×k+24)/24)×Vn
-((k4+9×k3+26×k2+12×k)/6)×Vn-1
+((k4+8×k3+19×k2+12×k)/4)×Vn-2
-((k4+7×k3+14×k2+8×k)/6)×Vn-3
+((k4+6×k3+11×k2+6×k)/24)×Vn-4 (38)
En+1.5=(27/16)×Vn-(45/16)×Vn-1
+(63/16)×Vn-2+(19/16)×Vn-3 (39)
(38)式を用いる場合には、以下となる。
En+1.5=(555/128)×Vn-(597/32)×Vn-1
+(1485/64)×Vn-2-(385/32)×Vn-3
+(315/128)×Vn-4 (40)
また、交流回転機の他に、例えばリニアインダクションモータ、リニア同期モータやソレノイド等の電磁アクチュエータを制御する電力変換装置に適用した場合も同様の効果が期待できる。
以上の実施の形態に示した構成は、本発明の内容の一例であり、別の公知の技術と組み合わせることも可能であるし、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、一部を省略する等、変更して構成することも可能である。
Claims (4)
- 交流電力を直流電力に変換するコンバータと、
前記コンバータの直流側に並列に接続されたコンデンサと、
前記コンデンサの電圧を計測する直流電圧計測器と、
前記コンデンサに並列に接続されて直流電力を任意周波数の交流電力に変換するインバータと、
前記直流電圧計測器が計測する直流電圧値が所定のサンプリング周期で入力されて前記インバータを制御する制御器とを備え、
前記制御器は、
前記インバータが出力する交流電力の電圧振幅を制御する電圧制御部、
前記インバータが出力する交流電力の周波数を制御する周波数制御部、
最新から所定個のサンプリングでの前記直流電圧値を記憶する直流電圧値記憶部、
前記直流電圧値記憶部に記憶された前記直流電圧値を用いて最新のサンプリング時点から所定時間後の直流電圧推定値を推定する直流電圧値推定部、
前記直流電圧値推定部が推定する前記直流電圧推定値が入力されて、前記インバータの直流側の脈動により前記インバータが出力する交流電力が変動することを抑制するように前記電圧制御部及び前記周波数制御部のどちらかまたは両方に作用する脈動抑制部、
を有することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 前記直流電圧値推定部が、前記直流電圧値記憶部に記憶された前記直流電圧値を近似する所定次数の多項式を求め、この多項式により最新のサンプリング時点から所定時間後の直流電圧推定値を推定するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記脈動抑制部が、前記直流電圧値推定部が推定する前記直流電圧推定値が大きくなると周波数が小さくなるように、小さくなると周波数が大きくなるように、前記周波数制御部に作用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記脈動抑制部が、前記直流電圧値推定部が推定する前記直流電圧推定値が大きくなると電圧振幅が小さくなるように、小さくなると電圧振幅が大きくなるように、前記電圧制御部に作用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU2008350481A AU2008350481B2 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | Power converting device |
JP2008557543A JP4466784B2 (ja) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | 電力変換装置 |
KR1020107014341A KR101131284B1 (ko) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | 전력 변환 장치 |
PCT/JP2008/052323 WO2009101673A1 (ja) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | 電力変換装置 |
US12/864,821 US8488344B2 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | Electrical power conversion apparatus including a control microprocessor for eliminating or curbing a beat phenomenon |
MX2010008059A MX2010008059A (es) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | Aparato de conversion de energia electrica. |
EP08711181.1A EP2244369A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | POWER CONVERSION DEVICE |
CA2714211A CA2714211C (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | Electrical power conversion apparatus |
CN2008801267065A CN101939901B (zh) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | 功率转换装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/JP2008/052323 WO2009101673A1 (ja) | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | 電力変換装置 |
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WO2009101673A1 true WO2009101673A1 (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
Family
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US (1) | US8488344B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2244369A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4466784B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101131284B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101939901B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2008350481B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2714211C (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2010008059A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009101673A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2714211A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
EP2244369A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
AU2008350481A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
JP4466784B2 (ja) | 2010-05-26 |
EP2244369A1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
AU2008350481A8 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
KR101131284B1 (ko) | 2012-03-30 |
CN101939901A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
CN101939901B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
CA2714211C (en) | 2015-06-30 |
MX2010008059A (es) | 2010-08-18 |
KR20100083198A (ko) | 2010-07-21 |
US8488344B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
US20100308649A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
JPWO2009101673A1 (ja) | 2011-06-02 |
AU2008350481B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
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