WO2009037180A1 - Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or jaune par galvanoplastie sans utilisation de métaux ou métalloïdes toxiques - Google Patents
Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or jaune par galvanoplastie sans utilisation de métaux ou métalloïdes toxiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009037180A1 WO2009037180A1 PCT/EP2008/062042 EP2008062042W WO2009037180A1 WO 2009037180 A1 WO2009037180 A1 WO 2009037180A1 EP 2008062042 W EP2008062042 W EP 2008062042W WO 2009037180 A1 WO2009037180 A1 WO 2009037180A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- bath comprises
- copper
- gold
- indium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/62—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of gold
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/48—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of gold
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrolytic deposit in the form of a gold alloy in a thick layer and its production process.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a method for the deposition in thick layer of a yellow gold alloy having neither zinc nor cadmium as main constituents.
- the invention relates to an electrolytic deposit in the form of a gold alloy whose thickness is between 1 and 800 microns and comprises copper characterized in that it comprises indium as third main compound.
- the deposit is substantially free of toxic metals or metalloids; the deposit has a hue between the domains 1 N and 3N (according to ISO 8654); the deposit is bright and has a very high resistance to corrosion.
- the invention also relates to a method for the electroplating of a gold alloy on an electrode immersed in a bath comprising gold metal in the form of alkaline aurocyanide, organometallic compounds, a wetting agent, a complexing agent, a free cyanide characterized in that the alloying metals are copper in the form of copper and potassium double cyanide, and indium in aminocarboxylic or aminophosphonic complexed form for depositing on the electrode a yellow gold alloy brilliant mirror.
- the bath comprises from 1 to 10 g.1-1 of gold metal in the form of alkaline aurocyanide and preferably 5 g.1-1; the bath comprises from 30 to 80 g / l of copper metal in the form of double alkaline cyanide and preferably 50 g / l; the bath comprises from 10 mg.l-1 to 5 g.1-1 of indium metal in complexed form and preferably comprises 1 g.1-1; the bath contains from 15 to 35 g.1-1 of free cyanide
- the wetting agent has a concentration of between 0.05 and
- the wetting agent is chosen from polyoxyalkylene, phosphate ether, lauryl sulfate, dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide, dimethyldodecyl ammonium propane sulphonate or any other type capable of wetting in an alkaline cyanide medium;
- the aminocarboxylic complexing agent has a concentration of between 0.1 and 20 g / l;
- the bath has an amine concentration of between 0.01 and 5 ml.1-1;
- the bath comprises a depolarizer with a concentration of between 0.1 mg.l-1 and 20 mg.l-1;
- the bath comprises conducting salts of phosphates, carbonates, citrates, sulphates, tartrates, gluconates and / or phosphonates;
- the temperature of the bath is maintained between 50 and 80 ° C;
- the pH of the bath is maintained between 8 and 12; the process is carried out at current densities between
- the electrolysis is preferably followed by a heat treatment at least 450 degrees Celsius for at least 30 minutes to obtain an optimal quality deposit.
- the bath may further contain a brightener.
- a brightener This is preferably a butynediol derivative, a pyridinio-propanesulfonate or a mixture of both, a tin salt, sulfonated beaver oil, methylimidozole, dithiocarboxylic acid such as thiourea, thiobarbituric acid, imidazolidinthione or thiomalic acid.
- This deposit is obtained by electrolysis in an electrolytic bath of the type:
- the electrolytic bath is contained in a polypropylene or PVC tank with heat-insulating coating. Bath heating is achieved by thermo-plungers in quartz, PTFE, porcelain or stabilized stainless steel. Good cathodic stirring as well as a flow of the electrolyte must be maintained.
- the anodes are platinized titanium, stainless steel, ruthenium, iridium or alloys of the latter two.
- the bath may contain the following metals Ag, Cd, Zr, Se, Te, Sb, Sn, Ga, As, Sr, Be, Bi in negligible quantity.
- the wetting agent may be of any type capable of wetting in alkaline cyanide medium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Priority Applications (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HK11101836.3A HK1147782B (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy coating by electroplating without the use of toxic metals or metalloids |
| EP08804009A EP2205778B1 (fr) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or jaune par galvanoplastie sans utilisation de métaux ou métalloïdes toxiques |
| DE602008005184T DE602008005184D1 (de) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines überzugs aus gelber goldlegierung durch galvanisieren ohne verwendung von toxischen metallen oder metalloiden |
| AT08804009T ATE499461T1 (de) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines überzugs aus gelber goldlegierung durch galvanisieren ohne verwendung von toxischen metallen oder metalloiden |
| JP2010525308A JP5563462B2 (ja) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | 有毒金属または半金属を使用することなく電気めっき法により黄色金合金析出物を得る方法 |
| CN200880107881XA CN101815814B (zh) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | 不使用有毒金属或类似金属由电铸获得黄色金合金沉积物的方法 |
| US12/678,984 US10233555B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| IN2464CHN2014 IN2014CN02464A (enExample) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | |
| KR1020107008598A KR101280675B1 (ko) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | 독성 금속 또는 독성 반금속의 사용 없이 전기도금에 의해 황색 금 합금 코팅을 수득하는 방법 |
| US14/244,071 US9683303B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2014-04-03 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| US16/259,444 US10619260B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2019-01-28 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH01494/07A CH710184B1 (fr) | 2007-09-21 | 2007-09-21 | Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or jaune par galvanoplastie sans utilisation de métaux ou métalloïdes toxiques. |
| CH01494/07 | 2007-09-21 |
Related Child Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/678,984 A-371-Of-International US10233555B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| US14/244,071 Division US9683303B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2014-04-03 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| US16/259,444 Continuation US10619260B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2019-01-28 | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009037180A1 true WO2009037180A1 (fr) | 2009-03-26 |
Family
ID=39967872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/062042 Ceased WO2009037180A1 (fr) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-11 | Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or jaune par galvanoplastie sans utilisation de métaux ou métalloïdes toxiques |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US10233555B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2205778B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP5563462B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101280675B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101815814B (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE499461T1 (enExample) |
| CH (1) | CH710184B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE602008005184D1 (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN2014CN02464A (enExample) |
| TW (2) | TWI507571B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2009037180A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110089040A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic materials |
| ITFI20120103A1 (it) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-02 | Bluclad Srl | Bagni galvanici per l'ottenimento di una lega di oro a bassa caratura e processo galvanico che utilizza detti bagni. |
| US9683303B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2017-06-20 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH714243B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-03 | 2019-04-15 | Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd | Procédé d'électroformage et pièce ou couche obtenue par ce procédé. |
| EP2505691B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-03-12 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or 18 carats 3N |
| WO2016020812A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Nutec International Srl | Electrolytic bath, electrolytic deposition method and item obtained with said method |
| CN109504991B (zh) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-08-07 | 南京市产品质量监督检验院 | 一种无氰18k金电铸液、其制备方法及其应用 |
Citations (8)
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| CH455434A (de) * | 1963-08-15 | 1968-07-15 | Werner Fluehmann Galvanische A | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Weissgoldüberzügen |
| GB1134615A (en) * | 1966-02-10 | 1968-11-27 | Technic | Gold electroplating bath |
| GB1156186A (en) * | 1966-09-26 | 1969-06-25 | Sel Rex Corp | Gold Plating |
| DE1696087A1 (de) * | 1968-03-08 | 1972-01-13 | Sel Rex Corp | Elektrolyt zur Abscheidung von Goldkupferlegierungen |
| GB1294601A (en) * | 1969-01-07 | 1972-11-01 | Western Electric Co | Electrolytic plating solutions for deposition of noble metals |
| FR2405312A1 (fr) * | 1977-10-10 | 1979-05-04 | Oxy Metal Industries Corp | Bains electrolytiques pour le depot d'alliages d'or |
| US4168214A (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1979-09-18 | American Chemical And Refining Company, Inc. | Gold electroplating bath and method of making the same |
| EP0384679A1 (en) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-08-29 | Engelhard Corporation | Electrolytic deposition of gold-containing alloys |
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| US2596454A (en) * | 1949-09-10 | 1952-05-13 | Metals & Controls Corp | Gold alloys |
| US2660554A (en) * | 1950-11-10 | 1953-11-24 | Barnet D Ostrow | Bright gold and gold alloy plating baths |
| CH286123A (fr) | 1952-05-08 | 1952-10-15 | Spreter Victor | Bain pour le dépôt par voie galvanique d'alliages d'or. |
| US2976180A (en) | 1957-12-17 | 1961-03-21 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Method of silver plating by chemical reduction |
| FR1259407A (fr) | 1960-03-10 | 1961-04-28 | Maison Murat | Bain électrolytique pour dépôt épais d'alliage or-cuivre |
| DE1460993A1 (de) | 1965-07-23 | 1970-07-23 | Kieninger & Obergfell | Elektrisches Programmsteuergeraet,vorzugsweise fuer elektrische Haushaltsgeraete,insbesondere Waschmaschinen und Geschirrspuelmaschinen |
| US3642589A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1972-02-15 | Fred I Nobel | Gold alloy electroplating baths |
| US3666640A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1972-05-30 | Sel Rex Corp | Gold plating bath and process |
| DE2121150C3 (de) * | 1971-04-24 | 1980-08-21 | Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4619 Bergkamen | Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Goldlegierungen |
| CH529843A (fr) | 1971-07-09 | 1972-10-31 | Oxy Metal Finishing Europ S A | Bain pour le dépôt électrolytique d'alliages d'or et son utilisation en galvanoplastie |
| FR2181455B1 (enExample) * | 1972-04-25 | 1974-08-30 | Parker Ste Continentale | |
| DE2244434C3 (de) * | 1972-09-06 | 1982-02-25 | Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4619 Bergkamen | Wäßriges Bad zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Gold und Goldlegierungen |
| US3902977A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-09-02 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Gold plating solutions and method |
| CH621367A5 (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1981-01-30 | Systemes Traitements Surfaces | Electrolytic bath for plating gold-copper-cadmium alloys and its use in galvanoplasty |
| CH622829A5 (enExample) * | 1977-08-29 | 1981-04-30 | Systemes Traitements Surfaces | |
| DE3020765A1 (de) * | 1980-05-31 | 1981-12-10 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Alkalisches bad zum galvanischen abscheiden niederkaraetiger rosa- bis gelbfarbener goldlegierungsschichten |
| GB8334226D0 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1984-02-01 | Learonal Uk Ltd | Electrodeposition of gold alloys |
| US4626324A (en) | 1984-04-30 | 1986-12-02 | Allied Corporation | Baths for the electrolytic deposition of nickel-indium alloys on printed circuit boards |
| CH662583A5 (fr) | 1985-03-01 | 1987-10-15 | Heinz Emmenegger | Bain galvanique pour le depot electrolytique d'alliages d'or-cuivre-cadmium-zinc. |
| JPS62164890A (ja) | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-21 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | 金銀銅合金めつき液 |
| ATE86313T1 (de) * | 1987-08-21 | 1993-03-15 | Engelhard Ltd | Bad fuer das elektroplattieren einer gold-kupfer- zink-legierung. |
| JPH01247540A (ja) | 1988-03-29 | 1989-10-03 | Seiko Instr Inc | 硬質金合金外装部品の製造方法 |
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| GB2242200B (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1993-11-17 | Omi International | Plating compositions and processes |
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| US5085744A (en) | 1990-11-06 | 1992-02-04 | Learonal, Inc. | Electroplated gold-copper-zinc alloys |
| US5244593A (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-09-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Colorless detergent compositions with enhanced stability |
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| ES2179952T3 (es) | 1995-11-03 | 2003-02-01 | Enthone Omi Inc | Composiciones y depositos de procedimientos de electrodeposicion. |
| DE19629658C2 (de) | 1996-07-23 | 1999-01-14 | Degussa | Cyanidfreies galvanisches Bad zur Abscheidung von Gold und Goldlegierungen |
| DE50013952D1 (de) * | 1999-06-17 | 2007-02-22 | Degussa Galvanotechnik Gmbh | Saures bad zur galvanischen abscheidung von glänzenden gold- und goldlegierungsschichten und glanzzusatz hierfür |
| JP2001198693A (ja) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-24 | Ishifuku Metal Ind Co Ltd | 工業用及び宝飾用金ろう |
| JP4023138B2 (ja) | 2001-02-07 | 2007-12-19 | 日立金属株式会社 | 鉄基希土類合金粉末および鉄基希土類合金粉末を含むコンパウンドならびにそれを用いた永久磁石 |
| FR2828889B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-24 | 2004-05-07 | Engelhard Clal Sas | Bain electrolytique pour le depot electrochimique de l'or et de ses alliages |
| EP1548525B2 (fr) | 2003-12-23 | 2017-08-16 | Rolex Sa | Elément en céramique pour boîte de montre et procédé de fabrication de cet élément |
| JP4566667B2 (ja) | 2004-01-16 | 2010-10-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | めっき液、めっき液を用いた構造体の製造方法、めっき液を用いた装置 |
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| SG127854A1 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2006-12-29 | Rohm & Haas Elect Mat | Improved gold electrolytes |
| CH710184B1 (fr) * | 2007-09-21 | 2016-03-31 | Aliprandini Laboratoires G | Procédé d'obtention d'un dépôt d'alliage d'or jaune par galvanoplastie sans utilisation de métaux ou métalloïdes toxiques. |
-
2007
- 2007-09-21 CH CH01494/07A patent/CH710184B1/fr unknown
-
2008
- 2008-09-11 KR KR1020107008598A patent/KR101280675B1/ko active Active
- 2008-09-11 AT AT08804009T patent/ATE499461T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-09-11 IN IN2464CHN2014 patent/IN2014CN02464A/en unknown
- 2008-09-11 WO PCT/EP2008/062042 patent/WO2009037180A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-11 EP EP08804009A patent/EP2205778B1/fr active Active
- 2008-09-11 CN CN200880107881XA patent/CN101815814B/zh active Active
- 2008-09-11 JP JP2010525308A patent/JP5563462B2/ja active Active
- 2008-09-11 DE DE602008005184T patent/DE602008005184D1/de active Active
- 2008-09-11 US US12/678,984 patent/US10233555B2/en active Active
- 2008-09-17 TW TW103113847A patent/TWI507571B/zh active
- 2008-09-17 TW TW097135667A patent/TWI441959B/zh active
-
2014
- 2014-04-03 US US14/244,071 patent/US9683303B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-12 JP JP2014121169A patent/JP5887381B2/ja active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-28 US US16/259,444 patent/US10619260B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH455434A (de) * | 1963-08-15 | 1968-07-15 | Werner Fluehmann Galvanische A | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Weissgoldüberzügen |
| GB1134615A (en) * | 1966-02-10 | 1968-11-27 | Technic | Gold electroplating bath |
| GB1156186A (en) * | 1966-09-26 | 1969-06-25 | Sel Rex Corp | Gold Plating |
| DE1696087A1 (de) * | 1968-03-08 | 1972-01-13 | Sel Rex Corp | Elektrolyt zur Abscheidung von Goldkupferlegierungen |
| GB1294601A (en) * | 1969-01-07 | 1972-11-01 | Western Electric Co | Electrolytic plating solutions for deposition of noble metals |
| FR2405312A1 (fr) * | 1977-10-10 | 1979-05-04 | Oxy Metal Industries Corp | Bains electrolytiques pour le depot d'alliages d'or |
| US4168214A (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1979-09-18 | American Chemical And Refining Company, Inc. | Gold electroplating bath and method of making the same |
| EP0384679A1 (en) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-08-29 | Engelhard Corporation | Electrolytic deposition of gold-containing alloys |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9683303B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2017-06-20 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| US10233555B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2019-03-19 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd. | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| US10619260B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2020-04-14 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd. | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic metals or metalloids |
| US20110089040A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic materials |
| US9567684B2 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2017-02-14 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method of obtaining a yellow gold alloy deposition by galvanoplasty without using toxic materials |
| ITFI20120103A1 (it) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-02 | Bluclad Srl | Bagni galvanici per l'ottenimento di una lega di oro a bassa caratura e processo galvanico che utilizza detti bagni. |
| EP2669407A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-04 | Bluclad S.R.L. | Galvanic baths for obtaining a low-carat gold alloy, and galvanic process that uses said baths |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014194087A (ja) | 2014-10-09 |
| JP5887381B2 (ja) | 2016-03-16 |
| DE602008005184D1 (de) | 2011-04-07 |
| US20140299481A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
| CN101815814A (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
| KR101280675B1 (ko) | 2013-07-01 |
| EP2205778A1 (fr) | 2010-07-14 |
| US10233555B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| US9683303B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
| CN101815814B (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
| EP2205778B1 (fr) | 2011-02-23 |
| ATE499461T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
| CH710184B1 (fr) | 2016-03-31 |
| JP2010539335A (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
| US20190153608A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
| TW201428143A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
| US10619260B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
| TW200930844A (en) | 2009-07-16 |
| US20100206739A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| JP5563462B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
| IN2014CN02464A (enExample) | 2015-08-07 |
| TWI441959B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
| TWI507571B (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
| HK1147782A1 (en) | 2011-08-19 |
| KR20100075935A (ko) | 2010-07-05 |
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