WO2008078878A1 - Fermented feeds for livestock farming using lactic acid bacteria and yeast and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented feeds for livestock farming using lactic acid bacteria and yeast and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008078878A1 WO2008078878A1 PCT/KR2007/005847 KR2007005847W WO2008078878A1 WO 2008078878 A1 WO2008078878 A1 WO 2008078878A1 KR 2007005847 W KR2007005847 W KR 2007005847W WO 2008078878 A1 WO2008078878 A1 WO 2008078878A1
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- livestock
- feed
- fermented
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- feed composition
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- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 34
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000186840 Lactobacillus fermentum Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940012969 lactobacillus fermentum Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001489192 Pichia kluyveri Species 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000219745 Lupinus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940081969 saccharomyces cerevisiae Drugs 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 108700022290 poly(gamma-glutamic acid) Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012045 crude solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000522169 Lespedeza Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000001493 Sarcodon aspratus Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000009840 acute diarrhea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021407 appetite control Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000370 gamma-poly(glutamate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N levan Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(CO[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)O2)O)O1 AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013630 prepared media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020991 processed meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000020095 red wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020097 white wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are fermented feeds for livestock farming with lactic acid bacteria and yeast and a method for preparation thereof. More particularly, the present invention provides fermented feeds for livestock farming prepared by using lactic acid bacteria and yeast which can survive even at high temperature and under low pH and a method for preparing the same. When using the fermented feeds of the present invention in livestock applications such as raising cattle on feed or dairy cows, pork farming or chicken farming, etc., a plurality of advantages can be realized in that the fermented feeds can increase weight of livestock, reduce feeding amount, provide protection from diarrhea, etc. and they are effective to produce high quality meat and improve environment of livestock barns, thereby greatly contributing to income growth and environmental improvement of livestock farms. More importantly, the present invention can allow environmentally friendly bio-farming without requiring alternative antibiotic chemicals or growth promoting substances.
Description
Description
FERMENTED FEEDS FOR LIVESTOCK FARMING USING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND YEAST AND PROCESSING
METHOD THEREOF
Technical Field
[1] The present invention relates to fermented feeds for livestock farming with lactic acid bacteria and yeast and preparation methods thereof and, more particularly, to fermented feeds for livestock farming prepared by using lactic acid bacteria and yeast which can survive even at high temperature and under low pH and a method for preparing the same. Background Art
[2] In the last few decades, domestic livestock industry generally used antibiotics to protect and treat livestock, promote growth of livestock and improve efficiency of feeds for livestock, thereby enhancing productivity of livestock. However, if antibiotics are continuously taken, these may increase micro-organisms having tolerance to the antibiotics and cause deterioration of efficacy thereof, or may remain in livestock products to have negative effects on a human body. Accordingly, use of antibiotics for accelerating growth of livestock is being gradually restricted. In fact, harmful impurities remaining in livestock products often cause troubles and come to the front as a direct obstacle to pork export to Japan. Accordingly, there is a strong requirement for an alternative material to replace conventionally available antibiotic products with negative features described above.
[3] As solutions of the above problems, there have been generally proposed fermented feeds using micro-organisms, most of which comprise single strain cultures representatively including fungi such as yeast or mold. But, in view of various advantages including, for example, economic benefits of livestock farms accomplished by improving efficiency of feeds to reduce amount thereof or lowering death rate of livestock, nutritional control for growth of livestock, protection from diseases, decrease of stress and the like, it is assumed that combined micro-organisms comprising different species of beneficial and functional micro-organisms are more effective than single strain cultures.
[4] Polymeric materials generated during fermentation of soybean are generally classified into gamma(γ)-polyglutamate and polyfructan. γ-polyglutamate which is well known to have moisturizing function, anti-inflammatory activity and cell activation can be preferably employed as raw material for cosmetics and, if γ- polyglutamate is used together with anti-tumor chemicals such as Taxol in medical ap-
plications, such polymeric material can greatly improve efficacy of the chemicals. On the other hand, polyfructan coexists with γ-polyglutamate and serves to amplify performances of γ-polyglutamate such as moisturizing function and anti-inflammatory activity.
[5] For instance, it was reported that, when microbial polyfructan called Levan is taken in the form of dietary fiber, polyfructan can make a person to feel satiated, in turn, suppress and control appetite, and can inhibit proliferation of harmful intestinal bacteria while assisting growth of lactic acid bacteria in intestines.
[6] As an illustrative example of soybean hull fermentation methods for industrial applications, Korean Patent Registration No. 0003751 disclosed a method for preparation of fermented feeds using agricultural wastes. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
[7] The present invention is directed to fermented feeds for livestock farming prepared using lactic acid bacteria and yeast, which are applicable in environmentally friendly bio-farming industries, as well as a method for preparation of the fermented feeds. Technical Solution
[8] In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides fermented feeds for livestock farming, which include at least one selected from a group consisting of Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM 10499), Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
[9] The present invention also provides a method for preparation of a fermented feed composition, which comprises inoculating at least one selected from Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM 10499), Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a medium containing spent substrate from mushroom cultivation, rice bran, soybean hulls and sesame dregs, then fermenting the cultured product.
[10] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[11] With regard to the present invention, using Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM
10499), Pichia kluyveri and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains exhibits beneficial effect in pig farming or chicken farming and provides a fermented feed composition for environmentally friendly bio-farming.
[12] The fermented feed composition according to the present invention is preferably prepared by inoculating at least one selected from a group consisting of Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM 10499), Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a medium containing spent substrate from mushroom cultivation, rice bran, soybean hulls and sesame dregs, then fermenting the cultured product.
[13] Such fermentation is preferably conducted at 35 to 5O0C for 24 to 72 hours.
[14] The prepared medium preferably contains 60 to 80% by weight (hereinafter, often abbrev. to [wt.%] of spent substrate from mushroom cultivation, 5 to 20wt.% of rice bran, 3 to 10wt.% of soybean hulls and 2 to 10wt.% of sesame dregs.
[15] Also, the medium may further include 5 to 35wt.% of molasses or 3 to 12wt.% of glucose.
[16] In the present invention, the term [spent substrate from mushroom cultivation] means mushroom medium waste remaining after completing cultivation of mushroom and harvesting mushrooms. Generally, sawdust of oak or pine trees is used as the mushroom medium to cultivate mushrooms by a typical process comprising the steps of: filling the sawdust in a plastic container with excellent thermal resistance; sterilizing the container under high pressure after putting a lid on the container to seal the container; carrying out sterile inoculation of mushroom spawn to cultivate mushrooms; harvesting the cultivated mushrooms; and blowing external air into the container to discharge the mushroom medium outside, which is usually called the spent substrate from mushroom cultivation in the related art.
[17] Illustrative examples of such spent substrate from mushroom cultivation preferably include media from pine mushroom, shiitake mushroom, agaric mushroom, lespedeza mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus, etc. but are not particularly restricted thereto so far as they are mushroom media capable of being cultivated.
[18] With regard to the present invention, after culturing Lactobacillus fermentum JS,
Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in corresponding media, respectively, the cultured products are subjected to cell separation by using a centrifugal separator. Dextrin or skim milk powder is added to the separated cells, followed by freezing the mixture at -8O0C and drying the frozen material with a freeze dryer to preferably obtain a powdery product.
[19] The fermented feed composition described above preferably comprises Pichia kluyveri or Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in addition to Lactobacillus fermentum JS lactic acid strains.
[20] Such fermented feed composition preferably contains each of the different strains in the range of IxIO5 to lxlO11 CFU/g.
[21] The fermented feed composition of the present invention may be blended with other typical materials to produce a livestock feed composition.
[22] Particularly, 35 to 65wt.% of the above fermented feed composition is blended with
5 to 25 wt.% of milled corn powder, 10 to 30wt.% of wheat bran, 5 to 30wt.% of corn husks, 4 to 15wt.% of molasses, 5 to 10wt.% of glucose, 0.2 to 1.5wt.% of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 2.5wt.% of calcium, 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of vitamin complex, 0.5 to 3wt.% of limestone and 0.1 to lwt.% of salt to form a mixture and the mixture is placed and
fermented in a fermenter at 35 to 500C for 30 minutes to 10 hours to produce a livestock feed composition 1, which is preferably adapted for livestock feeds provided during a growing period of livestock.
[23] 40 to 70wt.% of the livestock feed composition 1 produced above is combined with
10 to 35wt.% of compressed corn, 8 to 20wt.% of lupine beans, 2 to 6wt.% of corn husks, 1.5 to 5wt.% of wheat bran, 3 to 12wt.% of molasses, 3 to 8wt.% of glucose, 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of vitamin complex, 0.2 to 1.5wt.% of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 2.5wt.% of calcium and 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of limestone to form a mixture and the mixture is placed and fermented in a fermenter at 35 to 500C for 30 minutes to 10 hours to produce a livestock feed composition 2, which is preferably adapted for livestock feeds provided during a former period of fattening of livestock.
[24] Alternatively, 15 to 40wt.% of the livestock feed composition 1 produced above is combined with 25 to 50wt.% of compressed corn, 20 to 40wt.% of lupine beans, 1 to 5wt.% of corn husks, 1.5 to 5wt.% of wheat bran, 4 to 13wt.% of molasses and 5 to 9wt.% of glucose to form a mixture and the mixture is placed and fermented in a fermenter at 35 to 500C for 30 minutes to 10 hours to produce a livestock feed composition 3, which is preferably adapted for livestock feeds provided during a latter period of fattening of livestock.
[25] Limestone in the present invention is used to supplement calcium to a mixed feed invention, which is better as CaCO content is higher, and preferably has a particle size ranging from 100 to 200 mesh.
[26] The fermented feed composition according to the present invention is preferably fed to livestock in order to obtain fresh and processed meat with superior meat quality.
[27] Livestock mentioned in the present invention is at least one selected from cattle, pig, chicken and duck.
Advantageous Effects
[28] As described in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and examples, in case that the fermented feeds according to the present invention are provided to cattle on feed, it was possible to increase weight of cattle, produce high quality meat and save feed cost of 30% or more. Moreover, the inventive feeds have advantages that they reduce disease incidence rate to 0%, degrade ammonia mostly causing odor generation as one of features of lactic acid to considerably reduce offensive odor in livestock barns, and can attain environmentally friendly bio-farming substantially free of vermin such as flies or mosquitoes.
[29] Compared to conventional lactic acid bacteria which are very susceptible in heat and acid, Lactobacillus fermentum JS used as strains for fermentation in the present invention have high thermal resistance and acid resistance and can degrade ammonia
(NH ). More particularly, for bio-farming, internal temperature during fermentation (that is, temperature of fermenting materials) rises to about 850C at which normal lactic acid bacteria are sterilized while the total number of Lactobacillus fermentum JS strains is increased. That is, the strains are proliferated and can secrete various functional materials from a medium raw material and degrade ingredients contained in the feeds such as lignocellulose into a digestible form, thereby promoting digestion of the feeds by livestock. Pichia kluy veri yeast strains naturally generated during fermentation of red or white wine are well known as major causative organisms. Sac- charomyces cerevisiae yeast strains are mostly used for fermentation of bread. Both of the yeast strains are rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein, vitamins, minerals, etc. to function as nutrients for livestock. Also, the yeast strains can coexist with and be simultaneously cultured together with Lactobacillus fermentum JS strains in the same medium to endow a variety of beneficial features to the fermented feeds.
[30] Briefly, the strains described above are expected to exhibit desirable effects in that they provide abundant nutritional ingredients, function as probiotics to promote digestion and absorption of the ingredients, activate intestinal flora, and generate functional materials for immunity enhancement. Brief Description of the Drawings
[31] The above objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the related art in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. In the drawing:
[32] Fig. 1 illustrates processes of preparing four kinds of livestock feeds such as fermented feed, feed at a growing period, feed at a former period of fattening of livestock and feed at a latter period of fattening of livestock, respectively. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[33] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail from the following preferred examples with reference to the above drawing. However, these are intended to illustrate the invention as preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
[34] EXAMPLE 1 : processes of preparing fermented feed, feed at a growing period. feed at a former period of fattening of livestock and feed at a latter period of fattening of livestock
[35] Fermented feed, feed at a growing period, feed at a former period of fattening of livestock and feed at a latter period of fattening of livestock were prepared by corresponding processes simply shown in Fig. 1, respectively.
[36] In the process of preparing the fermented feed, Lactobacillus fermentum JS strains and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains were used.
[37] Lactobacillus fermentum JS strains were obtained by inoculating Lactobacillus fermentum JS in MRS medium and culturing at 4O0C for 1 to 7 days. 50 liters of water was placed in a 50L culture bath, sterilized at 1210C for 10 to 15 minutes and cooled to 30 to 450C. Next, a medium composition was prepared by adding 5 to 15g of protease peptone No. 3, 3 to 1Og of beef extract, 10 to 30g of glucose, 3 to 15g of sodium acetate and 1 to 8g of ammonium citrate per 1 liter of water to the above culture bath and diluting the mixture. 40ml of sterile cold water was added to a 50ml flask under sterile conditions, followed by inoculation of Lactobacillus fermentum JS strains in the flask, which was cultured in MRS medium. After dilution of the inoculated strains, the flask was placed in the culture bath and cultured at 30 to 450C for 1 to 3 days. When the total number of lactic acid bacteria in the cultured solution was 10 CFU/g or more, the solution was subjected to cell separation using a centrifugal separator to obtain 3ml of cells in 1 liter of a crude solution. Dextrin or skim milk powder was added to the cell solution and the mixture was lyophilized at -8O0C by a freeze dryer to produce a powdery product.
[38] Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains was performed by a process comprising: adding 2 to 5g of yeast extract, 2 to 5g of malt extract, 3 to 7g of peptone and 5 to 15g of glucose to 1 liter of water; sterilizing the mixture; inoculating 1 to 3% of yeast, which was pre-cultured in YM liquid medium, in the above mixture; and culturing the inoculated yeast at 250C for 5 days. The cultured yeast strains were subjected to cell separation using a centrifugal separator to obtain 3ml of cells in 1 liter of a crude solution, followed by adding dextrin or skim milk powder to the cell solution and lyophilizing the mixture at -8O0C with a freeze dryer to produce a powdery product.
[39] The prepared Lactobacillus fermentum JS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains were combined together and the total number of the strains was controlled to 10
CFU/g or more. The strains were used to produce a fermented feed comprising glucose, rice bran, lactose and skim milk powder.
[40] The following Tables 1 to 3 show composition of ingredients in each of livestock feeds such as fermented feed, feed at a growing period, feed at a former period of fattening of livestock and feed at a latter period of fattening of livestock.
[41] Table 1
Composition of ingredients in fermented feed for livestock (wt.%)
[42] Table 2 Composition of ingredients in feed at growing period for livestock (wt.%)
[43] Table 3
Composition of ingredients in each of feeds at a former period of fattening of livestock and at a latter period of fattening of livestock (wt.%)
[44] EXAMPLE 2: Analyses of ingredients in fermented feed and feed at a growing period [45] Ingredients in the fermented feed and the feed at a growing period prepared in Example 1 were analyzed. From the results shown in the following Tables 4 and 5, it was demonstrated that the feed at a growing period has lower content of carbohydrates and higher contents of crude protein and crude fat, compared to the fermented feed.
[46] Table 4 Analyzed values of ingredients in fermented feed
[47] Table 5
Analyzed values of ingredients in feed at a growing period (which was a feed fermented by lactic acid bacteria and was usually used as additional feed)
[48] EXAMPLE 3: Results of experiments for effect of additional feed according to the present invention in pork farming
[49] 40 weanling piglets were raised for 17 weeks with a feed preparation containing
10% of the additional feed according to the present invention, that is, the feed at a growing period (hereinafter, abbrev. to additional feed group), and another 40 weanling piglets raised with a conventionally available mixed feed were designated as a control group. After raising 120 weanling piglets for 17 weeks, the grown piglets underwent measurement of weight increase and feed conversion rate. As a result, the control group had an average increase in weight of 564.6g per day while the piglets in the additional feed group exhibited 611.9g per day with a difference of 47.3g from the control group. Accordingly, it was found that the present inventive feed effectively increased weight of piglets. For the feed conversion rate, the control group consumed 1.65kg of feed per day while the additional feed group consumed 1.61kg of feed per day, which was 4Og less than the feed amount required in the control group. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that the present inventive feed exhibited higher feed conversion rate than that of the control group.
[50] From experiments using a feed preparation produced by preparing a fermented feed with lactic acid bacteria and yeast and adding the prepared feed to a mixed feed commercially available in markets, it was found that the piglets were grown to standard market pigs with a weight of about 100 to 110kg, 5 months after birth.
[51] EXAMPLE 4: Results of experiments for inhibition of diseases in pork farming
[52] During raising 120 weanling piglets for 17 weeks, it was observed whether the piglets suffered from diseases. As a result of measuring diarrhea index for each of the piglets, since 15 piglets in the control group had acute diarrhea while the only two piglets in the additional feed group showed mild diarrhea symptoms, it was demonstrated that the additional feed group was noticeably better than the control group in view of diseases. For pig death rates, it was observed that two among 40 piglets in the control group died due to diseases such as diarrhea while none of the piglets in the additional feed group containing lactic acid yeast according to the present invention died.
[53] EXAMPLE 5: Chicken farming -420 chickens, two experiments for 32 days
[54] After raising 420 chickens for 32 days, weight increase and feed conversion rate were measured for the chickens. As a control group, a commercially available mixed feed was used. An additional feed group was to use a feed preparation produced by
adding 10% of the fermented additional feed according to the present invention to a commercially available mixed feed. The chickens raised in the additional feed group showed an increase in weight with an average of 9Og higher than that of the control group, as well as a feed conversion rate of 1.77kg with an average of 12Og lower than that of the control group which was 1.89kg. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that the additional feed group has excellent feed conversion rate.
[55] EXAMPLE 6: Results of determining carcass grade of cattle on feed
[56] By using each of the fermented feeds prepared using Lactobacillus fermentum JS strains and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains according to the present invention and general mixed feeds, cattle on feed aged 4 months after birth were grown to 28 months after birth. The fermented feeds used for raising the cattle on feed were four kinds of feeds prepared as described in Example 1. More particularly, the feed at a growing period was used for 4 to 13 month old cattle, the feed at a former period of fattening of livestock was used for 14 to 22 month old cattle, and the feed at a latter period of fattening of livestock was provided to 23 to 28 month old cattle. As a result, 91.4% of the cattle on feed raised with the fermented feeds according to the present invention got first grade or higher in the carcass grade determination and the highest unit price (see Table 6). [57] Table 6
Analysis results of cattle on feed raised with the fermented feeds of the present invention compared to general mixed feeds
[58] EXAMPLE 7: Cost reduction effect of fermented feeds according to the present invention
[59] In order to determine effect of decreasing feed cost for the present inventive fermented feeds, the feed cost was compared to that in case of using any general mixed feeds.
[60] Reduction of feed cost was estimated for each cattle on feed during raising the cattle for 23 months and, from the estimated result, it was demonstrated that the fermented feeds exhibited a feed cost reduction rate of 31.7% compared to a mixed feed commercially available from P company, and 23.8% compared to another mixed feed commercially available from C company, as shown in Tables 7 to 9.
[61] Table 7
Fermented feeds according to the present invention
[62] Table 8 Mixed feeds available from P company
[63] Table 9 Mixed feeds available from C company
Industrial Applicability
[64] As described in detail above, the present invention provides fermented feeds for livestock farming with lactic acid bacteria and yeast and a method of preparing the same. When the fermented feeds of the present invention are used in livestock applications such as raising cattle on feed, pork farming or chicken farming, a plurality of advantages can be realized in that the fermented feeds can increase weight of livestock, reduce feeding amount, provide protection from diarrhea, etc. and they are effective to
produce high quality meat and improve environment of livestock barns, thereby greatly contributing to income growth and environmental improvement of livestock farms. [65] While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
[1] A fermented feed composition comprising Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM
10499) and Pichia kluyveri, or Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM 10499) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
[2] A method of preparing a fermented feed composition comprising: inoculating a mixture of Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM 10499) and Pichia kluyveri or Lactobacillus fermentum JS (KCCM 10499) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a medium which includes 60 to 80wt.% of spent substrate from mushroom cultivation, 5 to 20wt.% of rice bran, 3 to 10wt.% of soybean hulls and 2 to 10wt.% of sesame dregs based on total weight of the medium, then, fermenting the cultured product at 35 to 5O0C for 24 to 72 hours.
[3] The method according to Claim 2, wherein the medium further includes 5 to
35wt.% of molasses or 3 to 12wt.% of glucose.
[4] A feed composition prepared by the steps of: blending 35 to 65wt.% of the fermented feed composition prepared according to Claim 2 with 5 to 25wt.% of milled corn, 10 to 30wt.% of wheat bran, 5 to 30wt.% of corn husks, 4 to 15wt.% of molasses, 5 to 10wt.% of glucose, 0.2 to 1.5wt.% of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 2.5wt.% of calcium, 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of vitamin complex, 0.5 to 3wt.% of limestone and 0.1 to lwt.% of salt; and fermenting the mixture.
[5] A feed composition prepared by the steps of: blending 40 to 70wt.% of the feed composition prepared according to Claim 4 with 10 to 35wt.% of compressed corn, 8 to 20wt.% of lupine beans, 2 to 6wt.% of corn husks, 1.5 to 5wt.% of wheat bran, 3 to 12wt.% of molasses, 3 to 8wt.% of glucose, 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of vitamin complex, 0.2 to 1.5wt.% of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 2.5wt.% of calcium and 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of limestone; and fermenting the mixture.
[6] A feed composition prepared by the steps of: blending 15 to 40wt.% of the feed composition prepared according to Claim 4 with 25 to 50wt.% of compressed corn, 20 to 40wt.% of lupine beans, 1 to 5wt.% of corn husks, 1 to 5wt.% of wheat bran, 4 to 13wt.% of molasses and 5 to 9wt.% of glucose; and fermenting the mixture.
[7] A meat production process comprising raising livestock with any one selected from the feed compositions according to Claim 1 and Claims 4 to 6.
[8] The meat production process according to Claim 7, wherein the livestock is at least one selected from pig, cattle, chicken and duck.
Priority Applications (1)
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| JP2009541211A JP2010512162A (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-11-21 | Fermented feed for livestock production using lactic acid bacteria and yeast and method for producing the same |
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| KR20060132656 | 2006-12-22 | ||
| KR10-2006-0132656 | 2006-12-22 |
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| KR (1) | KR100840145B1 (en) |
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| CN113575764A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-11-02 | 山东泰山生力源集团股份有限公司 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and application thereof |
| CN113575764B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2024-04-12 | 山东泰山生力源集团股份有限公司 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and application thereof |
| CN114304411A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江大学 | Fermented feed capable of being fed in whole process and preparation method and application thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100840145B1 (en) | 2008-06-23 |
| JP2010512162A (en) | 2010-04-22 |
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