CN1706271A - Production process of composite biochemical granulated feed - Google Patents
Production process of composite biochemical granulated feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN1706271A CN1706271A CNA2004100371760A CN200410037176A CN1706271A CN 1706271 A CN1706271 A CN 1706271A CN A2004100371760 A CNA2004100371760 A CN A2004100371760A CN 200410037176 A CN200410037176 A CN 200410037176A CN 1706271 A CN1706271 A CN 1706271A
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Abstract
The production process of composite biochemical granulated feed includes the following steps: sorting material; making filament; crushing; ammonating, alkalizing and salting; enzyme processing and biological fermentation; air drying; mixing dried stalk powder in 2-48 wt%, industrial side product in 10-30 wt%, fine material in 40-60 wt%, pre-mixed material in 0.5-3 wt% and bentonite 1.5-5 wt%; and granulating the mixture to form the composite biochemical granulated feed for ox and sheep. The present invention produces the composite biochemical granulated feed by means of the comprehensive technological process of biology, chemistry, thermodynamics, mechanics, etc to raise the feed value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of composite particle feed, especially relate to a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks.
Background technology
Stalk is the main byproduct of plant husbandry, and is cheap, reserves are huge.Yet directly there is following problem in the stalk class as feed: the one, and quality is thick and stiff, and palatability is poor, and feed intake is low, and long in the alimentary canal time of staying, influences the domestic animal feed intake.The 2nd, feeding value is low.Maturation along with crop, lignin increase and crosslinked in the stem stalk cell membrane with half fiber molecule, in cellulosic molecule is embedded in, lignin, hemicellulose and the cellulose complex of stable complexity have been formed, make the enzyme of anaerobe secretion also be difficult to decompose, its digestibility only 30%~45%, in addition lower.The 3rd, nitrogen content, available energy are low.The crude protein of stalk generally is lower than 4%, and this is to cause one of low factor of feeding value.The 4th, stalk unit weight is little, and volume is big, and every cubic metre only is 20~30kg, can't store as the commodity transportation, is not easy to circulation.The 5th, existing stalk treatment technology is single, and technology such as alkalization, ammonification, biofermentation are not carried out rational assembling match, and treatment effect does not reach optimization as yet, can not adapt to the needs of intensive culture industry.The 6th, do not carry out rational feed preparation at zonal nutritional deficiency, still with stalk as the roughage simple process or directly feed, be not suitable for large-scale industrialized production.What therefore be used as feed only accounts for 15%~20%, and a large amount of stalks is burned or direct returning to farmland, has caused the waste of resource, has also polluted environment.
External feed industry is existing so far more than 100 year history from 1875, but utilize industrial or agricultural byproduct production feed just to be seen in report in a large number to 20 th century later.The researcher of United States Department of Agriculture filters out from a large amount of bacteriums and can fixed nitrogen can utilize the bacterial classification of the cellulose of stalk as only nitrogen source again, makes the protein behind the stalk fermentation improve 3~4 times.Britain Aston university make its digestibility bring up to 41.3% by 9.63% after selecting a kind of whiterot fungi fermented stalk that can lignin degrading, and effect is remarkable.The Russia scholar adds saccharomycete and cultivates after handling stalk with pectase, cellulase, and dry per ton contains protein 90~100kg, and the protein of stalk concentrate feed increases by 135%, and sugar increases by 111%, and fiber, pectin content all reduce; With stalk concentrate feeding cow daily yielding than the high 0.9kg of control group, the annual fecund milk of every ox 300kg.Japan Miyazaki University agricultural college utilizes the research of wine brewing byproduct and wheat bran (40: 60) preparation ox pellet, and the content 18.1% of the pellet crude protein of making is higher by 4% than single wheat bran.Used microorganism treatment to produce straw feed as countries such as Britain, the U.S., Russia in the world at present.
China has also carried out the research that microorganism treatment is produced straw feed, but generally also rest on the basis of ensiling and little storage, can effectively improve stalk conversion ratio and nutritive value and form the technology of industrialization less, still on a large scale invisible, and be the cattle and sheep feed brand product of numerous raisers' approval.Main cause: crude protein content is on the low side in the straw feed that (1) produces.(2) pilot scale fermentation technology imperfection, small scale are needed badly and are carried out amplification test research.(3) only be applicable to bright stalk, do yellow stalk weak effect, can not satisfy the processing requirements of most stalks.(4) the stalk comprehensive utilization is in the production of spot distribution, small workshop mode, and industry byproduct only has part directly to be utilized by the raiser, and remaining is as garbage emission.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of biology, chemistry, thermodynamics and theory of mechanics etc. utilized multidisciplinary, be optimized combination by stalk treatment technologies such as heat spray, ammonia-alkali-salinization, enzymeization, biofermentations, improve a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of the feeding value of stalk comprehensively.
In order to realize goal of the invention, the present invention realizes in the following way:
A kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks is characterized in that: this production method comprises the steps:
A: raw material primary election: the raw material of moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw, impurity, soil block etc. are removed;
B: silkization: with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip;
C: pulverize: the raw material after the silkization is put into pulverizer and is pulverized;
D: ammonification-alkalization-salinization: be sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing with the salt of the lime of the carbon ammonia of the urea of 0.1-4% or 0.1-8%, 0.1-3%, 0.1-1%, add water then to 30-60%;
E: enzymeization, biofermentation: refer to the raw material after ammonification-alkalization-salinization with the fungal starter of 2-15% in fermentation tower or pond, 5-25 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 3-30 days;
F: air-dry: the stalk that ferments is air-dry under nature;
G: batching: with following raw material by weight percentage composition mix:
Air-dry powder of straw: 2-48% industry byproduct: 10-30%
Fine fodder: 40-60% premix: 0.5-3%
Bentonite: 1.5-5%;
H: granulate: after the material that will prepare stirs, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator;
Described premix is according to ox, the specialist additive that the nutritional need of sheep is prepared, it is by various vitamin monomers, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, antioxidant, compositions such as carrier, per kilogram contains respectively: vitamin A: 800-12000KIU, cholecalciferol: 160-448mg-vitamin E: 260-2400mg, copper: 400mg-3000, iron: 240-3000mg, zinc: 1600-14000mg, manganese: 1000mg-6000, iodine: 24-130 potassium, selenium: 40-300mg, cobalt: 20--100mg;
Described industry byproduct is any one or any several mixture in DDG, DDGS, brewer's yeast, brewex's grains, potato starchy residue or the malt root;
Described fine fodder is any one or any several mixture in corn flour, sunflower cake or the cottonseed cake;
Described fungal starter is that the volumn concentration of each component is: healthy and free from worry wood is mould: 16-20%, Candida: 6-14%, geotrichum candidum: 14-15%, aspergillus niger: 10-14, aspergillus oryzae: 14-16%, mould: 14-15%, plant lactobacillus: 12-14% in forming with following raw material cooperation.
Technology Combined Processing stalks such as integrated use physics of the present invention, chemistry, biology, utilize physics: pulverize, tear, heat spray, expanded method destroy the wax coat and the cellulose chain molecular crystalline structure of stalk, open alkali labile chemical bond, utilize the method degraded cellulose of ammonification, alkalization and biofermentation then, thereby improve the quality structure and the palatability of stalk, improve concentrations of nutrient and digestive utilization ratio in the stalk; After utilizing ammonia-alkali-salt preliminary treatment, loosen or destruction stalk cell wall structure, dissolving is wrapped in the wax on cell membrane surface, open alkali labile chemical bond, promote the bacterial classification secretion various digest and decompose enzymes infiltration and penetrate, by action of microorganisms, increase the utilization rate of roughage then, keep animal alimentary canal microbial ecological balance and activity.
On this basis, cooperate brewer's yeast, brewex's grains, potato starchy residue, maize alcohol lees (DDG), alcohol to be pickled with grains or in wine and extract industry byproduct and fine fodders such as (DDGS), add trace element, vitamin(e) supplement, make the composite bio-chemical pellet feeds from stalks that is fit to each sheep according to the physilogical characteristics of ox, sheep production phase; Adopt advanced pellet granulation technique at last, produce nutritiously, be convenient to store, the composite bio-chemical pellet feeds from stalks of transportation, market circulation.
The present invention has broken through the single production technology of stalk treatment technology, has proposed the Combined Processing stalk technology of employing ammonia-alkali-salt preliminary treatment and many cooperative fermentations stalk.Pass through alkalinization; ammoniation improves the quality structure and the palatability of roughage; in desiccating the feed fermentation agent, stalk adds acid-producing bacteria; cellulose-decomposing bacterium; produce bacterial strains such as protein fungus and disease-resistant health care bacterium; improve the trans-utilization rate of stalk by each bacterial strain synergy; its digestibility and crude protein are improved; crude fibre descends; cooperate DDG again; DDGS; brewer's yeast; brewex's grains; malt root and not plump wheat etc.; final formation nutritive value is higher; the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks that palatability is strong; have to pollute and lack; cost is low; characteristics such as benefit height; can carry out scale and industrialization production, application prospect is very wide.But also widened the feedstuff channel, and promoted the value of roughage and industry byproduct, reduced feed cost.
The present invention destroys the cellulose crystallization by the utilization physical method, improve palatability, utilize chemical method to remove delignification then, softening fibre is plain and it is partly degraded, add nitrogen again, adjust the C/N ratio, utilize biological method that stalk is degraded comparatively completely at last, nutrition is farthest discharged, cooperate brewer's yeast again, brewex's grains, maize alcohol lees (DDG), malt root and not plump wheat and part fine fodder, additive, combine through the granulating process of scientific formula design, pass through ox at last with screening and advanced person, the feeding experiment of domestic animals such as sheep, Analysis and Screening have gone out economic benefit and the significant optimum formula of feeding effect.Being of high nutritive value of this feed, production cost is low, price of deed height, fattening is shortened, and saves feed cost about 20%, improves the straw utilization rate.If after forming industrialization production, the radiation-curable drive peasant trans-utilization scientific and reasonable to stalk, promote the benign cycle of animal husbandry production and agricultural production, excite mass peasants' science " to plant, support " enthusiasm, not only can solve the problem that peasant's aquaculture feed lacks, and can improve agricultural, industry byproduct utilization rate, and enlarge the regenerative feedstuff resource, reduce the wasting of resources.
The forage standard of the poor and extract (DDGS) of maize alcohol lees (DDG), alcohol number is respectively 5-11-0006,5-11-0007.
The feed that adopts the present invention to produce makes that the DM conversion ratio of straw feed brings up to 70%, cellulose reduces 6-12%, and CP brings up to 9~15%.The thick protein of composite bio-chemical pellet feeds from stalks 〉=13%; Production cost≤800 yuan/T.Beef cattle daily gain 500~1000 grams, milk production of cow improves 8~10%, and butterfat percnetage increases by 0.1~0.2 percentage point, and lamb daily gain 250~350 grams are saved feed grain 15%~33%, reduce cost 15%~20%.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one: a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks; raw material with moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw; impurity; soil blocks etc. are removed; with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip; then putting into pulverizer pulverizes; use the urea of 0.1-4% or the carbon ammonia of 0.1-8% this moment; the lime of 0.1-3%; the salt of 0.1-1% is sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing; add water then to 30-60%; use 2% fungal starter then in fermentation tower or pond; 5 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 30 days; the fermentation back is air-dry; get the powder of straw that ferments then: 40%; DDG:30%; corn flour: 40%; premix: 0.5%; bentonite: 5%, after the above-mentioned material for preparing stirred, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
Embodiment two: a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks; raw material with moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw; impurity; soil blocks etc. are removed; with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip; then putting into pulverizer pulverizes; use the urea of 0.1-4% or the carbon ammonia of 0.1-8% this moment; the lime of 0.1-3%; the salt of 0.1-1% is sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing; add water then to 30-60%; use 15% fungal starter then in fermentation tower or pond; 25 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 3 days; the fermentation back is air-dry; get the powder of straw that ferments then: 60%; DDGS:10%; sunflower cake: 60%; premix: 3%; bentonite: 1.5%, after the above-mentioned material for preparing stirred, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
Embodiment three: a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks; raw material with moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw; impurity; soil blocks etc. are removed; with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip; then putting into pulverizer pulverizes; use the urea of 0.1-4% or the carbon ammonia of 0.1-8% this moment; the lime of 0.1-3%; the salt of 0.1-1% is sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing; add water then to 30-60%; use 15% fungal starter then in fermentation tower or pond; 5 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 30 days; the fermentation back is air-dry; get the powder of straw that ferments then: 50%; brewer's yeast: 20%; cottonseed cake: 50%; premix: 1%; bentonite: 2%, after the above-mentioned material for preparing stirred, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
Embodiment four: a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks; raw material with moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw; impurity; soil blocks etc. are removed; with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip; then putting into pulverizer pulverizes; use the urea of 0.1-4% or the carbon ammonia of 0.1-8% this moment; the lime of 0.1-3%; the salt of 0.1-1% is sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing; add water then to 30-60%; use 2% fungal starter then in fermentation tower or pond; 25 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 3 days; the fermentation back is air-dry; get the powder of straw that ferments then: 45%; brewex's grains: 25%; cottonseed cake: 55%; premix: 2%; bentonite: 3%, after the above-mentioned material for preparing stirred, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
Embodiment five: a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks; raw material with moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw; impurity; soil blocks etc. are removed; with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip; then putting into pulverizer pulverizes; use the urea of 0.1-4% or the carbon ammonia of 0.1-8% this moment; the lime of 0.1-3%; the salt of 0.1-1% is sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing; add water then to 30-60%; use 10% fungal starter then in fermentation tower or pond; 15 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 10 days; the fermentation back is air-dry; get the powder of straw that ferments then: 55%; potato starchy residue: 15%; cottonseed cake: 45%; premix: 1.5%; bentonite: 4%, after the above-mentioned material for preparing stirred, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
Embodiment six: a kind of production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks; raw material with moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw; impurity; soil blocks etc. are removed; with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip; then putting into pulverizer pulverizes; use the urea of 0.1-4% or the carbon ammonia of 0.1-8% this moment; the lime of 0.1-3%; the salt of 0.1-1% is sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing; add water then to 30-60%; use 15% fungal starter then in fermentation tower or pond; 5 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 30 days; the fermentation back is air-dry; get the powder of straw that ferments then: 58%; malt root: 12%; cottonseed cake: 42%; premix: 2.53%; bentonite: 4.5%, after the above-mentioned material for preparing stirred, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
Used premix is according to ox in the various embodiments described above, the specialist additive that the nutritional need of sheep is prepared, it is by various vitamin monomers, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, antioxidant, compositions such as carrier, per kilogram contains respectively: vitamin A: 800-12000KIU, cholecalciferol: 160-448mg-vitamin E: 260-2400mg, copper: 400mg-3000, iron: 240-3000mg, zinc: 1600-14000mg, manganese: 1000mg-6000, iodine: 24-130 potassium, selenium: 40-300mg, cobalt: 20--100mg.Described fungal starter is that the volumn concentration of each component is: healthy and free from worry wood is mould: 16-20%, Candida: 6-14%, geotrichum candidum: 14-15%, aspergillus niger: 10-14, aspergillus oryzae: 14-16%, mould: 14-15%, plant lactobacillus: 12-14% in forming with following raw material cooperation.Each bacterial classification all is standard bacterial classifications, (" bacterial classification catalogue " Chinese agriculture science and technology publishing house, China common micro-organisms preservation administrative center), standard No. is respectively: Candida: 2.637,2.281,2.118,2.120, and healthy and free from worry wood is mould: 3.2774, mould: 3.4066, plant lactobacillus: 1.557, geotrichum candidum: 2.361,2.498, aspergillus niger: 3.316, aspergillus oryzae: 3.2825,3.951.
Claims (5)
1. the production method of a compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks, it is characterized in that: this production method comprises the steps:
A: raw material primary election: the raw material of moldy metamorphism in the air-dry agricultural crop straw, impurity, soil block etc. are removed;
B: silkization: with puy agricultural crop straw is rubbed and to be broken into the flexible silk strip;
C: pulverize: the raw material after the silkization is put into pulverizer and is pulverized;
D: ammonification-alkalization-salinization: be sprayed at respectively on the dry straw after the pulverizing with the salt of the lime of the carbon ammonia of the urea of 0.1-4% or 0.1-8%, 0.1-3%, 0.1-1%, add water then to 30-60%;
E: enzymeization, biofermentation: refer to the raw material after ammonification-alkalization-salinization with the fungal starter of 2-15% in fermentation tower or pond, 5-25 ℃ condition bottom fermentation 3-30 days;
F: air-dry: the stalk that ferments is air-dry under nature;
G: batching: with following raw material by weight percentage composition mix:
Air-dry powder of straw: 2-48% industry byproduct: 10-30%
Fine fodder: 40-60% premix: 0.5-3%
Bentonite: 1.5-5%;
H: granulate: after the material that will prepare stirs, be pressed into the compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks of cattle and sheep of 4 * 10mm or 6 * 15mm or 8 * 15mm with granulator.
2. the production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described premix is according to ox, the specialist additive that the nutritional need of sheep is prepared, it is by various vitamin monomers, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, antioxidant, compositions such as carrier, per kilogram contains respectively: vitamin A: 800-12000KIU, cholecalciferol: 160-448mg-vitamin E: 260-2400mg, copper: 400mg-3000, iron: 240-3000mg, zinc: 1600-14000mg, manganese: 1000mg-6000, iodine: 24-130 potassium, selenium: 40-300mg, cobalt: 20--100mg.
3. the production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described industry byproduct is any one or several mixture arbitrarily in DDG, DDGS, brewer's yeast, brewex's grains, potato starchy residue or the malt root.
4. the production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described fine fodder is any one or several mixture arbitrarily in corn flour, sunflower cake or the cottonseed cake.
5. the production method of compound biochemical pellet feeds from stalks as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described fungal starter is that the volumn concentration of each component is: healthy and free from worry wood is mould: 16-20%, Candida: 6-14%, geotrichum candidum: 14-15%, aspergillus niger: 10-14, aspergillus oryzae: 14-16%, mould: 14-15%, plant lactobacillus: 12-14% in forming with following raw material cooperation.
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CN101904415A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-08 | 扬州大学 | Method for producing proportioned granulated feed by using crop straws on a large scale |
CN102018150A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-04-20 | 郝先栓 | Processing technique of sheep feed |
CN102165992A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-08-31 | 河南省博浩牧业有限公司 | Method for making corn straw feed |
CN102178045A (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2011-09-14 | 南开大学 | Method for producing feed by fermenting and ammoniating straws |
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CN101569347B (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-07-25 | 姜景文 | Method of preparing cotton-stalk feed |
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CN101904415B (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-08-01 | 扬州大学 | Method for producing proportioned granulated feed by using crop straws on a large scale |
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CN102178045A (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2011-09-14 | 南开大学 | Method for producing feed by fermenting and ammoniating straws |
CN102232469A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2011-11-09 | 陈聚恒 | Method for processing herbal straws into forage through hot spraying and microbial fermentation |
CN103461653A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2013-12-25 | 卞佳林 | Yeast biological forage and preparation method thereof |
CN103892035A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 青岛万里江食品有限公司 | Preparation method of brewers grain granular feed for adult swine |
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