CN101569347B - Method of preparing cotton-stalk feed - Google Patents
Method of preparing cotton-stalk feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN101569347B CN101569347B CN200910302959XA CN200910302959A CN101569347B CN 101569347 B CN101569347 B CN 101569347B CN 200910302959X A CN200910302959X A CN 200910302959XA CN 200910302959 A CN200910302959 A CN 200910302959A CN 101569347 B CN101569347 B CN 101569347B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of preparing cotton-stalk core feed, which comprises the following steps: the cotton-stalk core is taken as a raw material, and air separation, edulcoration, softening, stacking, loading, ammoniation are carried out on the raw material in sequence to obtain the cotton-stalk core feed. The invention has the advantages of simple and convenient preparation method, low cost, needs no large-scale equipment, and is environment-friendly and safe. Moreover, the invention can make full use of existing cotton-stalk raw materials, and the prepared cotton-stalk core feed has the advantages of high nutritive value, fine palatability, high digestibility, no toxicity and pollution and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of animal feed, relate in particular to a kind of method of from agricultural crop straw, producing feed.
Background technology
The main component of agricultural crop straw is cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and contracts more and defend sugar etc.Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin combine through various chain links, and its degree of crystallinity and the degree of polymerization are very high, present stable chemical constitution.The processing of agricultural crop straw feed is exactly with chemistry or biological method; Tight structure between weakening and destruction cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin; It is decomposed into the various nutritional labelings that can let domestic animal absorb; Build a little alkalization environment that suitable domestic animal rumen microorganism is movable simultaneously, further improve the nutritive value and the digestibility of straw feed.
Cotton is a kind of half xylophyta, and its stalk is meant the cotton stalk that removes branches and leaves, root and cotton boll.Comprise the have an appointment cellulose of 41.26% (all representing mass percent under the following situation about not specializing) and 20.76% hemicellulose in the chemical composition of cotton stalk; This chemical composition with the staple crops stalk is close; Also include 23.16% lignin in the cotton stalk, this is apparently higher than other agricultural crop straws.Comprise 41.4% crude fibre and 36.6% NFE in the main nutrient composition of cotton stalk, this and maize straw, wheat straw are close; Crude protein content in the cotton stalk is 4.9%, is higher than 3.5% of maize straw; Crude fat content in the cotton stalk is 0.7%, approaches 0.8% of maize straw.Find out that thus cotton stalk also is a rich aspect trophic component, through can be used as animal feed after the processing.At present, nearly 1/3rd agricultural crop straw of China's output is used to produce feed stripped, however the cotton stalk in the agricultural crop straw but slowly in the feed industry, be fully utilized, trace it to its cause, the special tectonic of this and cotton stalk has much relations.
Though at textural cotton stalk and other gramineae farm crop stalks very big similitude is arranged, cotton stalk also has its own particularity.Cotton stalk is divided into cotton stalk skin, wooden and marrow core three parts along lateral cross section.Cotton stalk skin accounts for 26% of cotton stalk, and its main component is a bast fiber, and fiber content accounts for 62.8% of cotton stalk skin, and its character is identical with bast-fibre, and rigidity is big, and better tensile strength and elastic modelling quantity are arranged.Bast fiber domestic animal in the cotton stalk skin has eaten nondigestible.Also contain the wax of some and siliceous in the cotton stalk skin, can limit the digestibility and utilization of cotton stalk.In cotton stalk skin, also have toxic component---gossypol, the edible gossypol of domestic animal can cause poisoning.Wooden and marrow core in the cotton stalk is called cotton stalk core altogether again; Cellulose comprises 54.47% in the cotton stalk core, hemicellulose accounts for 21.19%, and this and other agricultural crop straw composition is close; And lignin accounts for 23.7% in the cotton stalk core, apparently higher than maize straw 6.8% with wheat straw 10%.It is thus clear that the cotton stalk skin in the cotton stalk is not suitable as the straw feed of animal, and cotton stalk core has application promise in clinical practice in the feed industry.Yet, in the production of existing cotton-stalk feed, generally be directly cotton stalk to be pulverized to make Feed Manufacturing and use raw material, but because of the existence of bast fiber in the cotton stalk skin, cutting and the crushed cotton stalk ten minutes that becomes is difficult; Secondly, even remove the cotton stalk behind cotton root, cottonseed and the cotton leaf (all containing poisonous composition---gossypol among this three), also contain a certain amount of gossypol in its cotton stalk skin, this brings toxic component into raw material can for equally the production of feed.In addition, the bast fiber that contains in the cotton stalk skin, wax and siliceous reduce and have limited the digestibility of cotton stalk; Cotton stalk is as half xylophyta, and its degree of lignification is high, and the straw feed of cotton stalk preparation is thick and stiff, palatability is poor, and difficulty of processing is big.
The ZL200720062277.2 name is called the Chinese patent of " cotton stalk skin-core seperator " and has realized that successfully the mechanization of cotton stalk skin and cotton stalk core separates; The per hour separable cotton stalk 300kg of machine; This has created condition for the mechanization of cotton-stalk feed and industrialization production; But up to now, do not seen with mechanical method as yet cotton stalk skin-core has been separated, made the relevant report of raw material production animal feed with cotton stalk core.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is the deficiency that overcomes prior art, provide a kind of simple, convenient, cost is little, the preparation method of the cotton stalk core feed of Environmental Safety and good quality of product.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of preparation method of cotton stalk core feed, it is characterized in that: this method is to be raw material with cotton stalk core, successively through making cotton stalk core feed after selection by winnowing removal of impurities, soften, bank up material loading, the ammonification.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned cotton stalk core feed; Said cotton stalk core is preferably made after cotton stalk skin-core seperator (the for example disclosed cotton stalk skin-core seperator of ZL200720062277.2 Chinese patent) processing by cotton stalk, and the length suggestion of said cotton stalk core is 20～30mm.Described cotton stalk is meant the cotton stalk after cotton root, cotton leaf and cottonseed are removed in excision, utilizes the cotton stalk skin-core seperator to isolate the cotton stalk skin of said cotton stalk again, is not contained the cotton stalk core of gossypol at last, has so just solved the toxicity problem of cotton stalk core feed.Simultaneously, because raw materials for production of the present invention have utilized the cotton stalk skin-core seperator to process, this is difficult to the problem cutting off and pulverize with regard to having solved cotton stalk well.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned cotton stalk core feed, the pure rate of cotton stalk core raw material generally can reach more than 95% after the said selection by winnowing removal step.
To the characteristics that cotton stalk core degree of lignification is high, raw material is thick and stiff; The treatment measures that cotton stalk core is softened are in advance adopted in suggestion in the preparation method of above-mentioned cotton stalk core feed; Being meant as the said softening step 1 that cotton stalk core after utilizing straw rubber to the selection by winnowing removal step is rubbed obtains thread cotton stalk core; Change its original thick and stiff form, the moisture content with said thread cotton stalk core is adjusted to 10%～20% again.Adopt straw rubber to rub, make cotton stalk core become soft filiform, short texture has enlarged the contact-making surface that uses basifier and aminating agent in the subsequent step, has accelerated decomposable process, has improved palatability.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned cotton stalk core feed, be meant as the said material loading step 1 of banking up and add basifier, salt and aminating agent when the thread cotton stalk core that obtains after the softening step banked up.Said basifier preferably uses quick lime; Its consumption is preferably 3%～7% of cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Adding basifier quick lime mainly is the hydroxyl lignin in order to promote the decomposition of lignin, to be translated into to be easy to digest, and improves nitrogen substance and potential basicity in the cotton stalk core feed; And the quick lime of interpolation belongs to weak base, and raw material sources are wide, and cost is low, do not need water flushing, has replenished calcareous in the feed again.The consumption of said salt is preferably 0.5%～1% of cotton stalk core raw material dry weight, and adding salt mainly is for improving the palatability of cotton stalk core feed, increase the feed intake of domestic animal, can also preventing that feed is mouldy.Said aminating agent is preferably ammoniacal liquor or urea liquid; When using ammoniacal liquor to make aminating agent, the mass concentration suggestion of said ammoniacal liquor is 22.5%～25%, and the addition of ammoniacal liquor is preferably 13%～15% of cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; When using urea liquid to make aminating agent, the mass concentration suggestion of said urea liquid is 6%～8%, and the addition of said urea liquid is preferably 60%～80% of cotton stalk core raw material dry weight.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned cotton stalk core feed; Said ammonification step is meant the cotton stalk core after the material loading step of banking up placed carries out aminating reaction under the sealed environment; Until the cotton stalk core feed that obtains pale brown look, the ammonating process that the present invention adopts can not pollute domestic animal and farmland.In the material loading step of banking up before the ammonification, be when selecting for use ammoniacal liquor to make aminating agent; Each item technological parameter in the ammonification step is: the moisture content of cotton stalk core preferably is controlled at 25%～35%; When the ammonification temperature preferably was controlled at 20 ℃～25 ℃, the ammonification time can be controlled at 15～20d; In the material loading step of banking up before the ammonification, be when selecting for use urea liquid to make aminating agent; Each item technological parameter in the ammonification step is: the moisture content of cotton stalk core preferably is controlled at 40%～45%; When the ammonification temperature preferably was controlled at 20 ℃～25 ℃, the ammonification time can be controlled at 20～25d.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: preparation method of the present invention is simple, convenient, cost is little, need not to use main equipment, and Environmental Safety, can make full use of existing cotton stalk raw material; The cotton stalk core feed that the present invention's preparation is produced does not contain wax, siliceous and bast fiber, has improved the palatability of cotton stalk core feed; Before cotton stalk skin-core separates, removed the cotton root that contains gossypol, cotton leaf and cottonseed, after cotton stalk skin-core separates, peeled off the cotton stalk skin that contains gossypol again, made the feed preparation no longer contain gossypol, guaranteed the avirulence of cotton stalk core feed with raw material.The cotton stalk core feed that the present invention prepares at last have be of high nutritive value, advantage such as good palatability, digestibility height, nontoxic pollution-free; Quality of the fodder obviously improves, and cotton stalk core feed is compared with untreated cotton stalk, and crude protein content brings up to 8.7% by 4.9%; The every kilogram of feed of nitrogen content increases by 8～11g; The content of calcium obviously increases, and feed intake improves 25%, and digestibility improves more than 32%.Therefore preparation method of the present invention can produce the cotton stalk core feed of high-quality, reclaims problem for the cotton stalk that solves the cotton region effectively, carries out " crossing also field of abdomen ", builds recycling economy, has certain function.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of cotton stalk core feed may further comprise the steps:
1, raw material is prepared: go the cotton stalk behind cotton root, cotton leaf and the cottonseed to put into the cotton stalk skin-core seperator excision; Utilize the cotton stalk skin-core seperator that cotton stalk is separated into cotton stalk core and cotton stalk skin; Separating the cotton stalk core that obtains through the cotton stalk skin-core seperator becomes 20～30mm segment, is the cotton stalk core of raw material production feed with this cotton stalk core.
2, selection by winnowing removal of impurities: above-mentioned cotton stalk core raw material is removed impurity and residual cotton stalk skin through selection by winnowing, obtains pure rate and reaches 95% cotton stalk core raw material.
3, softening: as the cotton stalk core after the selection by winnowing removal of impurities to be rubbed with straw rubber, made it to become the cotton stalk core of soft sarconeme shape, more cotton stalk core raw material moisture content is adjusted to about 20%.
4, the material loading of banking up: the cotton stalk core of the sarconeme shape that will obtain after will softening places beats buttress on the plastic sheeting of completing, and every shop one deck cotton stalk core raw material just sprinkles quick lime on it equably, and the consumption of quick lime is 3% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Simultaneously successively sprinkle salt, the consumption of salt is 0.5% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Beat in the buttress material loading process,, wait to beat the buttress back that finishes and seal, then the ammoniacal liquor (mass concentration is 25%) of the cotton stalk core raw material dry weight 13% of input from sebific duct with sealed polyethylene plastic at the sebific duct of the embedding porous in centre of cotton stalk core buttress.
5, ammonification: the cotton stalk core behind the material loading of banking up carries out aminating reaction under sealed environment, and the moisture content of control ammonifying process middle cotton stalk core is 25%～35%, and the ammonification temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃, and the ammonification time is 18d.
The cotton stalk core feed that above-mentioned ammonification obtains after accomplishing, color is pale brown look, and quality is soft, and smell is stuck with paste fragrant, good palatability.This cotton stalk core feed is compared with untreated cotton stalk, and the feed intake of domestic animal improves 25%, and digestibility improves 32%, and crude protein brings up to 8.7% by 4.9%, and the every kilogram of feed of nitrogen content has increased 11g, and the content of calcium also obviously increases.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of cotton stalk core feed may further comprise the steps:
1, raw material is prepared: go the cotton stalk behind cotton root, cotton leaf and the cottonseed to put into the cotton stalk skin-core seperator excision; Utilize the cotton stalk skin-core seperator that cotton stalk is separated into cotton stalk core and cotton stalk skin; Separating the cotton stalk core that obtains through the cotton stalk skin-core seperator becomes 20～30mm segment, is the cotton stalk core of raw material production feed with this cotton stalk core.
2, selection by winnowing removal of impurities: above-mentioned cotton stalk core raw material is removed impurity and residual cotton stalk skin through selection by winnowing, obtains pure rate and reaches 95% cotton stalk core raw material.
3, softening: as the cotton stalk core after the selection by winnowing removal of impurities to be rubbed with straw rubber, made it to become the cotton stalk core of soft sarconeme shape, more cotton stalk core raw material moisture content is adjusted to about 20%.
4, the material loading of banking up: the cotton stalk core of the sarconeme shape that will obtain after will softening places beats buttress on the plastic sheeting of completing, and every shop one deck cotton stalk core raw material just sprinkles quick lime on it equably, and the consumption of quick lime is 7% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Simultaneously successively sprinkle salt, the consumption of salt is 1% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Beat in the buttress material loading process,, wait to beat the buttress back that finishes and seal, then the ammoniacal liquor (mass concentration is 25%) of the cotton stalk core raw material dry weight 15% of input from sebific duct with sealed polyethylene plastic at the sebific duct of the embedding porous in centre of cotton stalk core buttress.
5, ammonification: the cotton stalk core behind the material loading of banking up carries out aminating reaction under sealed environment, and the moisture content of control ammonifying process middle cotton stalk core is 25%～35%, and the ammonification temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃, and the ammonification time is 15d.
The cotton stalk core feed that above-mentioned ammonification obtains after accomplishing, color is pale brown look, and quality is soft, and smell is stuck with paste fragrant, good palatability.This cotton stalk core feed is compared with untreated cotton stalk, and the feed intake of domestic animal improves 28%, and digestibility improves 35%, and crude protein brings up to 8.7% by 4.9%, and the every kg feed material of nitrogen content has increased 11g, and the content of calcium also obviously increases.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of cotton stalk core feed may further comprise the steps:
1, raw material is prepared: go the cotton stalk behind cotton root, cotton leaf and the cottonseed to put into the cotton stalk skin-core seperator excision; Utilize the cotton stalk skin-core seperator that cotton stalk is separated into cotton stalk core and cotton stalk skin; Separating the cotton stalk core that obtains through the cotton stalk skin-core seperator becomes 20～30mm segment, is the cotton stalk core of raw material production feed with this cotton stalk core.
2, selection by winnowing removal of impurities: above-mentioned cotton stalk core raw material is removed impurity and residual cotton stalk skin through selection by winnowing, obtains pure rate and reaches 95% cotton stalk core raw material.
3, softening: as the cotton stalk core after the selection by winnowing removal of impurities to be rubbed with straw rubber, made it to become the cotton stalk core of soft sarconeme shape, more cotton stalk core raw material moisture content is adjusted to 15%.
4, the material loading of banking up: the cotton stalk core of the sarconeme shape that will obtain after will softening pavement layer by layer is in the cement pond; The cotton stalk core raw material of every shop one deck; Just sprinkle urea liquid (concentration is 8%) and quick lime equably on it; Tread on limit, dress cellar for storing things, limit, and the consumption of urea liquid is 70% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight, and the consumption of quick lime is 3% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Simultaneously successively sprinkle salt, the consumption of salt is 1% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; The cement pond is filled the back and is covered sealing with sealed polyethylene plastic, presses with fine earth to get final product again.
5, ammonification: the cotton stalk core behind the material loading of banking up carries out aminating reaction under sealed environment, and the moisture content of control ammonifying process middle cotton stalk core is 40%～45%, and the ammonification temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃, and the ammonification time is 25d.
The cotton stalk core feed that above-mentioned ammonification obtains after accomplishing, color is pale brown look, and quality is soft, and smell is stuck with paste fragrant, good palatability.This cotton stalk core feed is compared with untreated cotton stalk, and the feed intake of domestic animal improves 25%, and digestibility improves 30%, and crude protein brings up to 8.7% by 4.9%, and the every kilogram of feed of nitrogen content has increased 11g, and the content of calcium also obviously increases.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of a cotton stalk core feed; It is characterized in that: this method is to use the cotton stalk skin-core seperator that cotton stalk is processed into the cotton stalk core of length as 20mm～30mm earlier; With cotton stalk core is raw material, successively through making cotton stalk core feed after selection by winnowing removal of impurities, soften, bank up material loading, the ammonification;
In the said method:
The pure rate of cotton stalk core raw material reaches more than 95% after the said selection by winnowing removal step;
Cotton stalk core after said softening step is meant and utilizes straw rubber to the selection by winnowing removal step is rubbed and is obtained thread cotton stalk core, and the moisture content with said thread cotton stalk core is adjusted to 10%～20% again;
The said material loading step of banking up is meant adds basifier, salt and aminating agent to softening when the thread cotton stalk core that obtains after the step is banked up; Said basifier is selected quick lime for use, and the consumption of quick lime is 3%～7% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; The consumption of said salt is 0.5%～1% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; Said aminating agent is ammoniacal liquor or urea liquid; The mass concentration of said ammoniacal liquor is 22.5%～25%, and the addition of ammoniacal liquor is 13%～15% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight; The mass concentration of said urea liquid is 6%～8%, and the addition of said urea liquid is 60%～80% of a cotton stalk core raw material dry weight;
Said ammonification step is meant the cotton stalk core after the material loading step of banking up placed carries out aminating reaction under the sealed environment, until the cotton stalk core feed that obtains pale brown look.
2. the preparation method of cotton stalk core feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
When using ammoniacal liquor to make aminating agent in the said material loading step of banking up, the technological parameter in the ammonification step is controlled to be: the moisture content of cotton stalk core is controlled at 25%～35%, and when the ammonification temperature was controlled at 20 ℃～25 ℃, the ammonification time was controlled at 15～20d;
When using urea liquid to make aminating agent in the said material loading step of banking up, the technological parameter in the ammonification step is controlled to be: the moisture content of cotton stalk core is controlled at 40%～45%, and when the ammonification temperature was controlled at 20 ℃～25 ℃, the ammonification time was controlled at 20～25d.
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| CN200910302959XA CN101569347B (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | Method of preparing cotton-stalk feed |
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| CN200910302959XA CN101569347B (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | Method of preparing cotton-stalk feed |
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| CN101569347A CN101569347A (en) | 2009-11-04 |
| CN101569347B true CN101569347B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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| CN200910302959XA Expired - Fee Related CN101569347B (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | Method of preparing cotton-stalk feed |
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Families Citing this family (8)
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| CN102771626A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2012-11-14 | 刘东才 | Preparation method of sawdust feed |
| CN104489259B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆弘瑞达纤维有限公司 | A kind of method of cotton stalk Fodder making |
| CN107889943A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-10 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Stalk maceration extract and its preparation method and application |
| CN107950767A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Cross Beef Cattle is with ammonification roughage and preparation method thereof |
| CN107950766A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | The preparation method of new disease-resistant ammoniated forage |
| CN107927365A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Crop material preprocess method and its application in ammoniated forage is prepared |
| CN107927342A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Ammonification roughage functional additive and its application |
| CN111084282A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-05-01 | 河南科技学院 | Wrapped ammoniated wheat straw and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1139521A (en) * | 1996-04-20 | 1997-01-08 | 武汉食品工业学院 | Preparation method of fodder for single stomach animals made by stalks fermentation |
| CN1366836A (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2002-09-04 | 王昌荣 | Method for preparing granular cake and granular feed by using plant straw and stalks |
| CN1706271A (en) * | 2004-06-05 | 2005-12-14 | 宁夏大学 | Production process of composite biochemical granulated feed |
| CN101230491A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-30 | 凌受明 | Cotton stalk skin-core mechanical separation method and special equipment |
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2009
- 2009-06-05 CN CN200910302959XA patent/CN101569347B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1139521A (en) * | 1996-04-20 | 1997-01-08 | 武汉食品工业学院 | Preparation method of fodder for single stomach animals made by stalks fermentation |
| CN1366836A (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2002-09-04 | 王昌荣 | Method for preparing granular cake and granular feed by using plant straw and stalks |
| CN1706271A (en) * | 2004-06-05 | 2005-12-14 | 宁夏大学 | Production process of composite biochemical granulated feed |
| CN101230491A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-30 | 凌受明 | Cotton stalk skin-core mechanical separation method and special equipment |
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