CN108850553A - The integral preparation method of straw feed - Google Patents
The integral preparation method of straw feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN108850553A CN108850553A CN201810757602.XA CN201810757602A CN108850553A CN 108850553 A CN108850553 A CN 108850553A CN 201810757602 A CN201810757602 A CN 201810757602A CN 108850553 A CN108850553 A CN 108850553A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of integral preparation methods of straw feed, include the following steps：Stalk is cut into broken section, is spread out into the first stalk bed；Carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase are weighed, the first mixed liquor that mass fraction is 10% is made into, the first mixed liquor is sprayed on the first stalk bed, the second stalk bed is obtained；Urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride are weighed, the second mixed liquor that mass fraction is 20% is made into, the second mixed liquor is sprayed on the second stalk bed, encapsulation process 7 days, dry, be ground into stalk powder；Stalk powder and third mixed liquor are mixed, 12h is stood in the environment of being placed in -5 DEG C, is taken out after thawing, with microwave irradiation, concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying obtains modified straw powder；Feed addictive is added into modified straw powder, straw feed is made.The present invention can improve the palatability of straw feed, improve the nutritive value of straw feed, while straw feed being made to be easier to be digested by livestock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of feed.It is more particularly related to a kind of one of straw feed
Change preparation method, belongs to feed producing method technical field.
Background technique
Stalk is the general name of mature crops cauline leaf fringe portion point, agriculturally, is generally referring to the agricultures such as corn, wheat, rice
Crop harvests the remainder of seed after maturation.Stalk can be made rich in nutritional ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters
For the roughage of livestock, especially corn stover, wheat stalk and rice straw.However, stalk is except a small amount of for feeding at present
Livestock is partially made compost outside for heap, and major part is all taken as fuel and directly burns, and a large amount of burnings of stalk not only can be to ring
Border pollutes, or to the significant wastage of living resources.Feed is made in stalk and is used for raise livestock, stalk can be carried out
Higher value application, while can also be to avoid environmental pollution caused by burning.
Although also having in the prior art stalk animal feeding-stuff being made, the generally existing palatability of these feeds is poor, no
It is easy the defect low by livestock digestion, nutritive value, when being used for raise livestock, the feed intake and digestibility of livestock are all very low, no
Conducive to the growth of livestock.Therefore, how to prepare that a kind of palatability is good, is easy by livestock digestion, the high straw feed of nutritive value
Just become the problem for needing emphasis to solve in stalk higher value application.
Summary of the invention
It is thick in energy decomposing straw it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of integral preparation method of straw feed
Fiber is effectively improved the palatability of straw feed, while also can increase the content of crude protein and amino acid, improves straw feed
Nutritive value oozes out the nutritional ingredient in stalk, further increases straw moreover it is possible to break the molecular structure inside stalk
The nutritive value of stalk feed, while also the gastric juice of livestock can be made to be easier to enter inside stalk, so that straw feed be made more to hold
Easily by livestock digestibility and utilization.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, the integration system for providing a kind of straw feed is standby
Method includes the following steps：
Step 1：By stalk be placed in the environment of temperature is 60 DEG C dry to water content be 40%, then be cut into length be 3~
Broken section of 5cm, by broken section of In Shade booth at the first stalk bed with a thickness of 15cm；
Step 2：It is in mass ratio 1:2:1 ratio weighs carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase, is uniformly mixed,
Then it is dissolved in water, is made into the first mixed liquor that mass fraction is 10%, the first mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed at step in three times
On first stalk bed made from one, the second stalk bed is obtained, wherein the weight of the first mixed liquor is the 25% of stalk weight, first
The concrete operations that mixed liquor sprays in three times include：The first mixed liquor of half weight is first sprayed at the first stalk bed
On, it dries, then the first mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, dries at room temperature at room temperature,
Finally the first mixed liquor of remaining a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, is being sprayed three times
It is turned during spilling in sprinkling；
Step 3：It is in mass ratio 1:2:2:1 ratio weighs urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride, and mixing is equal
It is even, it is then dissolved in water and is made into the second mixed liquor that mass fraction is 20%, the second mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed at step in three times
On second stalk bed made from rapid two, then gather into stalk heap, sealed with black thin film, be placed in temperature be 35 DEG C in the environment of
Encapsulation process 7 days, black thin film is then thrown off, and spreads out and hangs for 24 hours, then is placed under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and dries, finally
It is ground into the stalk powder that partial size is 60~80 mesh, wherein the weight of the second mixed liquor is the 15% of stalk weight, the second mixing
The concrete operations that liquid sprays in three times include：First the second mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, in
It dries at room temperature, then the second mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, dry at room temperature, finally will
Second mixed liquor of remaining a quarter weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, in the mistake sprayed three times
It is turned in journey in sprinkling；
Step 4：It is in mass ratio 3:1:5:2 ratio weighs sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and glycerol, and mixing is equal
It is even, it adds water stirring and is made into the third mixed liquor that mass fraction is 15%, stalk powder made from step 3 and third are mixed
Liquid is 1g by solid-liquid ratio：The ratio of 6ml is uniformly mixed, and 12h is stood in the environment of being placed in -5 DEG C, is taken out after thawing, is first used frequency
For the microwave irradiation 5min of 300MHz, reuse frequency is the microwave irradiation 3min of 500MHz, repeats above-mentioned 300MHz microwave irradiation
Three times with 500MHz microwave irradiation, it then is placed under 45 DEG C of environment and stands for 24 hours, it is third mixed liquor weight 5% that weight, which is then added,
Phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, after being stirred to react 1h, concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying, obtain modified straw powder, wherein phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
The mass fraction of mixed liquor is 10%, and the mass ratio of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid is 1:1；
Step 5：Feed addictive is added into modified straw powder made from step 4, is uniformly mixed, is then fed into
Grain fodder machine, the cylindric straw feed that obtained length is 10mm, diameter is 3mm, wherein the additive amount of feed addictive is to change
The 8% of property stalk powder weight.
Preferably, in step 3, black thin film is thrown off, and spreads the detailed process hung for 24 hours out and includes：Black thin film is taken off
After going, stalk heap is first split into the third stalk bed with a thickness of 10cm, then uniformly sprays one on the surface of third stalk bed
Layer light-coloured vinegar, then hang at room temperature for 24 hours, wherein the fountain height of light-coloured vinegar is the 8% of the second mixed liquor weight.
Preferably, in step 5, feed addictive includes the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, lotus leaf
2 parts, 2 parts of mulberry leaf, 2 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of white sugar, 0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin D, vitamin E 0.5
Part, 0.5 part of niacin, 0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.2 part of calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the preparation method of feed addictive includes：Folium artemisiae argyi, lotus leaf, mulberry leaf, Radix Glycyrrhizae and gold are weighed by weight
Honeysuckle flower is respectively crushed into 100 mesh powders, then mixes with bone meal, be eventually adding white sugar, vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin E,
Niacin, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed.
Preferably, stalk used is one of corn, wheat and rice or a variety of in step 1.
Preferably, in step 4, the concrete operations parameter of concentrated by rotary evaporation includes：Temperature is 60 DEG C, and vacuum degree is
0.85MPa, being concentrated into solid content is 80%.
The present invention is include at least the following beneficial effects：
(1) in preparation method provided by the invention, the first mixed liquor containing carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase
The crude fibre (including lignocellulosic, hemicellulose) in stalk can be decomposed under air-proof condition, while will be in stalk
Product after starch and crude fibre decompose is further converted to amino acid, so as to improve the palatability of straw feed, makes livestock more
Like edible, and the first mixed liquor is sprayed in three times can be such that carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase gradually penetrates into
Inside stalk, and it is distributed concentration in gradient, is more advantageous to coarse-fibred decomposition in this way, obtains better palatability.
(2) in preparation method provided by the invention, the second mixing containing urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride
Liquid can promote the organic matter in stalk to be converted into crude protein and amino acid under air-proof condition, thus the battalion of abundant straw feed
Form point, improve the nutritive value of straw feed, and the second mixed liquor is sprayed in three times can make the second mixed liquor gradually into
Enter to inside stalk, and form certain concentration gradient, be more advantageous to the conversion of organic matter in stalk in this way, obtains more thick
Albumen and amino acid, to more effectively improve the nutritive value of straw feed.
It (3), can be by third mixed liquor after stalk powder is mixed with third mixed liquor in preparation method provided by the invention
Then infiltration passes through cryogenic freezing and course of defrosting, can make the inside cell rupture of stalk, then be aided with microwave irradiation, can be with
Break the molecular structure inside stalk well, oozes out the nutritional ingredient in stalk, further increase the nutrition of straw feed
Value, while the gastric juice for additionally aiding livestock enters inside stalk, so that it is easier straw feed by livestock digestibility and utilization,
Improve the Feeding value of straw feed, wherein sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and the glycerol energy contained in third mixed liquor
Enough accelerate the fracture between stalk interior molecules, promote the rupture of molecular structure, improves treatment effeciency.
(4) using preparation method provided by the invention that can prepare, a kind of palatability is good, is easy by livestock digestion, nutriture value
It is worth high straw feed.
Further advantage, target and feature of the invention will be partially reflected by the following instructions, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to example, the present invention is described in further detail, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification text
Word can be implemented accordingly.
It should be appreciated that such as " having ", "comprising" and " comprising " term used herein do not allot one or more
The presence or addition of a other elements or combinations thereof.
<Embodiment 1>
The integral preparation method of straw feed includes：Stalk is placed in the environment of temperature is 60 DEG C and is dried to water content
It is 40%, then being cut into length is broken section of 3cm, by broken section of In Shade booth at the first stalk bed with a thickness of 15cm；By matter
Amount is than being 1:2:1 ratio weighs carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase, is uniformly mixed, is then dissolved in water, is made into matter
The first mixed liquor that score is 10% is measured, the first mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in three times on the first stalk bed, the second stalk is obtained
Bed, wherein the weight of the first mixed liquor is the 25% of stalk (referring to the stalk that water content is 40% after drying) weight, the first mixing
The concrete operations that liquid sprays in three times include：First the first mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, in
It dries at room temperature, then the first mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, dry at room temperature, finally will
First mixed liquor of remaining a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, in the mistake sprayed three times
It is turned in journey in sprinkling；It is in mass ratio 1:2:2:1 ratio weighs urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride, mixing
Uniformly, it is then dissolved in water and is made into the second mixed liquor that mass fraction is 20%, the second mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in three times
On second stalk bed, then gather into stalk heap, sealed with black thin film, being placed in temperature is encapsulation process 7 in the environment of 35 DEG C
It, then throws off black thin film, stalk heap is split into the third stalk bed with a thickness of 10cm, then in the table of third stalk bed
One layer of light-coloured vinegar is uniformly sprayed in face, then hangs at room temperature for 24 hours, wherein and the fountain height of light-coloured vinegar is the 8% of the second mixed liquor weight,
It is placed under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and dries again, finally smashing into partial size is the stalk powder of 80 mesh, wherein the second mixed liquor
Weight is the 15% of stalk (referring to the stalk that water content is 40% after drying) weight, the specific behaviour that the second mixed liquor sprays in three times
Work includes：First the second mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, then by four/
Second mixed liquor of one weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, finally by remaining a quarter weight
Second mixed liquor is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, is turned during spraying three times in sprinkling；By matter
Amount is than being 3:1:5:2 ratio weighs sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and glycerol, is uniformly mixed, adds water stirring and be made into matter
The third mixed liquor that score is 15% is measured, it is 1g that stalk powder and third mixed liquor, which are pressed solid-liquid ratio,：The ratio mixing of 6ml is equal
It is even, 12h is stood in the environment of being placed in -5 DEG C, is taken out after thawing, the microwave irradiation 5min for being first 300MHz with frequency, reuse frequency
For the microwave irradiation 3min of 500MHz, above-mentioned 300MHz microwave irradiation and 500MHz microwave irradiation are repeated three times, then be placed in 45 DEG C
It is stood under environment for 24 hours, the phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid that weight is third mixed liquor weight 5% is then added, after being stirred to react 1h,
Concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying, obtains modified straw powder, wherein the mass fraction of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid is 10%, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
Mass ratio be 1:1；Feed addictive is added into modified straw powder, is uniformly mixed, is then fed into pelleter, is made
The cylindric straw feed that length is 10mm, diameter is 3mm, wherein the additive amount of feed addictive is modified straw powder weight
The 8% of amount.
Wherein, feed addictive includes the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2 parts of lotus leaf, 2 parts of mulberry leaf,
2 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of white sugar, 0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin D, 0.5 part of vitamin E, niacin 0.5
Part, 0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.2 part of calcium carbonate.The preparation method of feed addictive includes：Claim by weight
Folium artemisiae argyi, lotus leaf, mulberry leaf, Radix Glycyrrhizae and honeysuckle are taken, 100 mesh powders is respectively crushed into, then mix with bone meal, is eventually adding white
Sugar, vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed.Stalk used is jade
Rice stalk.The concrete operations parameter of concentrated by rotary evaporation includes：Temperature is 60 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.85MPa, and being concentrated into solid content is
80%.
<Embodiment 2>
The integral preparation method of straw feed includes：Stalk is placed in the environment of temperature is 60 DEG C and is dried to water content
It is 40%, then being cut into length is broken section of 4cm, by broken section of In Shade booth at the first stalk bed with a thickness of 15cm；By matter
Amount is than being 1:2:1 ratio weighs carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase, is uniformly mixed, is then dissolved in water, is made into matter
The first mixed liquor that score is 10% is measured, the first mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in three times on the first stalk bed, the second stalk is obtained
Bed, wherein the weight of the first mixed liquor is the 25% of stalk (referring to the stalk that water content is 40% after drying) weight, the first mixing
The concrete operations that liquid sprays in three times include：First the first mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, in
It dries at room temperature, then the first mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, dry at room temperature, finally will
First mixed liquor of remaining a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, in the mistake sprayed three times
It is turned in journey in sprinkling；It is in mass ratio 1:2:2:1 ratio weighs urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride, mixing
Uniformly, it is then dissolved in water and is made into the second mixed liquor that mass fraction is 20%, the second mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in three times
On second stalk bed, then gather into stalk heap, sealed with black thin film, being placed in temperature is encapsulation process 7 in the environment of 35 DEG C
It, then throws off black thin film, stalk heap is split into the third stalk bed with a thickness of 10cm, then in the table of third stalk bed
One layer of light-coloured vinegar is uniformly sprayed in face, then hangs at room temperature for 24 hours, wherein and the fountain height of light-coloured vinegar is the 8% of the second mixed liquor weight,
It is placed under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and dries again, finally smashing into partial size is the stalk powder of 70 mesh, wherein the second mixed liquor
Weight is the 15% of stalk (referring to the stalk that water content is 40% after drying) weight, the specific behaviour that the second mixed liquor sprays in three times
Work includes：First the second mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, then by four/
Second mixed liquor of one weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, finally by remaining a quarter weight
Second mixed liquor is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, is turned during spraying three times in sprinkling；By matter
Amount is than being 3:1:5:2 ratio weighs sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and glycerol, is uniformly mixed, adds water stirring and be made into matter
The third mixed liquor that score is 15% is measured, it is 1g that stalk powder and third mixed liquor, which are pressed solid-liquid ratio,：The ratio mixing of 6ml is equal
It is even, 12h is stood in the environment of being placed in -5 DEG C, is taken out after thawing, the microwave irradiation 5min for being first 300MHz with frequency, reuse frequency
For the microwave irradiation 3min of 500MHz, above-mentioned 300MHz microwave irradiation and 500MHz microwave irradiation are repeated three times, then be placed in 45 DEG C
It is stood under environment for 24 hours, the phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid that weight is third mixed liquor weight 5% is then added, after being stirred to react 1h,
Concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying, obtains modified straw powder, wherein the mass fraction of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid is 10%, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
Mass ratio be 1:1；Feed addictive is added into modified straw powder, is uniformly mixed, is then fed into pelleter, is made
The cylindric straw feed that length is 10mm, diameter is 3mm, wherein the additive amount of feed addictive is modified straw powder weight
The 8% of amount.
Wherein, feed addictive includes the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2 parts of lotus leaf, 2 parts of mulberry leaf,
2 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of white sugar, 0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin D, 0.5 part of vitamin E, niacin 0.5
Part, 0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.2 part of calcium carbonate.The preparation method of feed addictive includes：Claim by weight
Folium artemisiae argyi, lotus leaf, mulberry leaf, Radix Glycyrrhizae and honeysuckle are taken, 100 mesh powders is respectively crushed into, then mix with bone meal, is eventually adding white
Sugar, vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed.Stalk used is small
The mixed straw of wheat and rice.The concrete operations parameter of concentrated by rotary evaporation includes：Temperature is 60 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.85MPa, concentration
It is 80% to solid content.
<Embodiment 3>
The integral preparation method of straw feed includes：Stalk is placed in the environment of temperature is 60 DEG C and is dried to water content
It is 40%, then being cut into length is broken section of 5cm, by broken section of In Shade booth at the first stalk bed with a thickness of 15cm；By matter
Amount is than being 1:2:1 ratio weighs carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase, is uniformly mixed, is then dissolved in water, is made into matter
The first mixed liquor that score is 10% is measured, the first mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in three times on the first stalk bed, the second stalk is obtained
Bed, wherein the weight of the first mixed liquor is the 25% of stalk (referring to the stalk that water content is 40% after drying) weight, the first mixing
The concrete operations that liquid sprays in three times include：First the first mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, in
It dries at room temperature, then the first mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, dry at room temperature, finally will
First mixed liquor of remaining a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, in the mistake sprayed three times
It is turned in journey in sprinkling；It is in mass ratio 1:2:2:1 ratio weighs urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride, mixing
Uniformly, it is then dissolved in water and is made into the second mixed liquor that mass fraction is 20%, the second mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in three times
On second stalk bed, then gather into stalk heap, sealed with black thin film, being placed in temperature is encapsulation process 7 in the environment of 35 DEG C
It, then throws off black thin film, stalk heap is split into the third stalk bed with a thickness of 10cm, then in the table of third stalk bed
One layer of light-coloured vinegar is uniformly sprayed in face, then hangs at room temperature for 24 hours, wherein and the fountain height of light-coloured vinegar is the 8% of the second mixed liquor weight,
It is placed under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and dries again, finally smashing into partial size is the stalk powder of 60 mesh, wherein the second mixed liquor
Weight is the 15% of stalk (referring to the stalk that water content is 40% after drying) weight, the specific behaviour that the second mixed liquor sprays in three times
Work includes：First the second mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, then by four/
Second mixed liquor of one weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, finally by remaining a quarter weight
Second mixed liquor is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, is turned during spraying three times in sprinkling；By matter
Amount is than being 3:1:5:2 ratio weighs sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and glycerol, is uniformly mixed, adds water stirring and be made into matter
The third mixed liquor that score is 15% is measured, it is 1g that stalk powder and third mixed liquor, which are pressed solid-liquid ratio,：The ratio mixing of 6ml is equal
It is even, 12h is stood in the environment of being placed in -5 DEG C, is taken out after thawing, the microwave irradiation 5min for being first 300MHz with frequency, reuse frequency
For the microwave irradiation 3min of 500MHz, above-mentioned 300MHz microwave irradiation and 500MHz microwave irradiation are repeated three times, then be placed in 45 DEG C
It is stood under environment for 24 hours, the phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid that weight is third mixed liquor weight 5% is then added, after being stirred to react 1h,
Concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying, obtains modified straw powder, wherein the mass fraction of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid is 10%, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
Mass ratio be 1:1；Feed addictive is added into modified straw powder, is uniformly mixed, is then fed into pelleter, is made
The cylindric straw feed that length is 10mm, diameter is 3mm, wherein the additive amount of feed addictive is modified straw powder weight
The 8% of amount.
Wherein, feed addictive includes the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2 parts of lotus leaf, 2 parts of mulberry leaf,
2 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of white sugar, 0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin D, 0.5 part of vitamin E, niacin 0.5
Part, 0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.2 part of calcium carbonate.The preparation method of feed addictive includes：Claim by weight
Folium artemisiae argyi, lotus leaf, mulberry leaf, Radix Glycyrrhizae and honeysuckle are taken, 100 mesh powders is respectively crushed into, then mix with bone meal, is eventually adding white
Sugar, vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed.Stalk used is jade
The mixed straw of rice, wheat and rice.The concrete operations parameter of concentrated by rotary evaporation includes：Temperature is 60 DEG C, and vacuum degree is
0.85MPa, being concentrated into solid content is 80%.
In order to illustrate effect of the invention, it is as follows that inventor provides comparative experiments：
<Comparative example 1>
The integral preparation method of straw feed with embodiment 1, the difference is that：Not to the first stalk bed sprinkling first
Mixed liquor, and the second mixed liquor directly is sprayed to the first stalk bed, subsequent processing is then carried out, other technical process and parameter are complete
It is exactly the same.
<Comparative example 2>
The integral preparation method of straw feed with embodiment 1, the difference is that：Not to the second stalk bed sprinkling second
Second stalk bed is directly gathered into stalk heap, is sealed with black thin film, then carries out subsequent processing by mixed liquor, other techniques
Process is identical with parameter.
<Comparative example 3>
The integral preparation method of straw feed with embodiment 1, the difference is that：It is added and raises directly into stalk powder
Feed additives are uniformly mixed, are then fed into pelleter, and the cylindric stalk that obtained length is 10mm, diameter is 3mm is raised
Material, without being mixed with third mixed liquor, also without being placed in standing at -5 DEG C, defrosting, microwave irradiation plus phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixing
Liquid, concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying a series of processing, other technical process are identical with parameter.
The evaluation method of straw feed feeding effect：It is close to choose growth and development, nutrition condition, appetite and constitution, and
Age, weight be almost the same and stage of development identical ox 30, is randomly divided into 6 groups, every group 5, single slot feeding is raised respectively
Feed straw feed prepared by Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~3, every morning 7:30 and afternoon 18:00 each feeding is primary, often
The scale of feeding of it every ox is equal, and test number of days is 30 days.The feed intake for counting every ox daily obtains every head in 30 days
The daily average feed intake (kg/ (top margin of a page)) of ox, and statistical result；Every ox is measured before the test and after test simultaneously
Weight, find out the average weight gain amount (kg/) of every ox in every group, and statistical result.
Through counting, the growing state of the ox of the feeding of the straw feed prepared by Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~3 is such as
The following table 1：
[table 1]
| Group | Average feed intake (kg/ (top margin of a page)) | Average weight gain amount (kg/) |
| Embodiment 1 | 14.01 | 55 |
| Embodiment 2 | 13.88 | 52 |
| Embodiment 3 | 13.79 | 50 |
| Comparative example 1 | 6.42 | 19 |
| Comparative example 2 | 11.85 | 32 |
| Comparative example 3 | 11.50 | 30 |
From upper table 1, it can be seen that having preferable feeding when the straw feed prepared by Examples 1 to 3 feeds ox
Amount and higher gain in weight, when the palatability of feed is fine, livestock is more willing to feed, and feed intake will obviously increase, and works as feeding
The rich in nutrition content of material and be easy by livestock digestibility and utilization when, that livestock feed feed can be well absorbed, use
In weight gain, thus illustrate that straw feed prepared by Examples 1 to 3 has good palatability, be easy by livestock digestibility and utilization,
And nutritive value is high, wherein with embodiment 1 be most preferred embodiment.
Compared with Example 1, the integral preparation method of straw feed is identical for comparative example 1, the difference is that：Not to
First stalk bed sprays the first mixed liquor, and directly sprays the second mixed liquor to the first stalk bed, then carries out subsequent processing,
His technical process is identical with parameter.From upper table 1, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the average feed intake of comparative example 1 and
Average weight gain amount has apparent reduction, illustrates that the feeding effect of straw feed prepared by comparative example 1 is far below embodiment 1,
This is because the carbohydrase contained in the first mixed liquor, hemicellulase and cellulase can will be in stalks under air-proof condition
Crude fibre (including lignocellulosic, hemicellulose) decompose, while by stalk starch and crude fibre decompose after product
It is further converted to amino acid, so as to improve the palatability of straw feed, livestock is made to prefer to eat, while by the first mixed liquor
Sprinkling can be such that carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase gradually penetrates into inside stalk in three times, and make concentration in ladder
Degree distribution, is more advantageous to coarse-fibred decomposition in this way, obtains better palatability.And not useful first mixed liquor of comparative example 1
It is handled, thus palatability is poor, and livestock is caused to be unwilling to feed, feed intake decline, gain in weight also declines therewith.
Compared with Example 1, the integral preparation method of straw feed is identical for comparative example 2, the difference is that：Not to
Second stalk bed sprays the second mixed liquor, and the second stalk bed is directly gathered into stalk heap, is sealed with black thin film, is then carried out
Subsequent processing, other technical process are identical with parameter.From upper table 1, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, comparative example 2 is put down
Equal feed intake decreases, and average weight gain amount is substantially reduced, and illustrates the feeding effect of straw feed prepared by comparative example 2
Fruit will be lower than embodiment 1, this is because the urea contained in the second mixed liquor, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride can be
The organic matter in stalk is promoted to be converted into crude protein and amino acid under air-proof condition, thus the nutritional ingredient of abundant straw feed,
The nutritive value of straw feed is improved, while the second mixed liquor is sprayed in three times can make the second mixed liquor step into straw
Inside stalk, and form certain concentration gradient, be more advantageous to the conversion of organic matter in stalk in this way, obtain more crude protein and
Amino acid, to more effectively improve the nutritive value of straw feed.
Compared with Example 1, the integral preparation method of straw feed is identical for comparative example 3, the difference is that：Directly to
Feed addictive is added in stalk powder, is uniformly mixed, is then fed into pelleter, obtained length is 10mm, diameter 3mm
Cylindric straw feed, without being mixed with third mixed liquor, also do not carry out being placed at -5 DEG C stand, thaw, microwave spoke
According to plus phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying a series of processing, other technical process are identical with parameter.From
Upper table 1 is, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the average feed intake of comparative example 3 decreases, and average weight gain amount occurs obviously
It reduces, illustrates that the feeding effect of straw feed prepared by comparative example 3 will be lower than embodiment 1, this is because stalk powder and the
It after the mixing of three mixed liquors, can be infiltrated by third mixed liquor, then pass through cryogenic freezing and course of defrosting, the interior of stalk can be made
Portion's cell rupture, then it is aided with microwave irradiation, the molecular structure inside stalk can be broken well, make the nutritional ingredient in stalk
Exudation, further increases the nutritive value of straw feed, while the gastric juice for additionally aiding livestock enters inside stalk, to make
Straw feed is easier the Feeding value of straw feed to be improved, in addition, the hydrogen contained in third mixed liquor by livestock digestibility and utilization
Sodium oxide molybdena, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and glycerol can speed up the fracture between stalk interior molecules, promote the rupture of molecular structure, mention
High treatment efficiency.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and example shown and described herein.
Claims (6)
1. the integral preparation method of straw feed, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：It is 40% that stalk, which is placed in drying to water content in the environment of temperature is 60 DEG C, then being cut into length is 3~5cm
Broken section, by broken section it is In Shade booth at the first stalk bed with a thickness of 15cm；
Step 2：It is in mass ratio 1:2:1 ratio weighs carbohydrase, hemicellulase and cellulase, is uniformly mixed, then
It is dissolved in water, is made into the first mixed liquor that mass fraction is 10%, the first mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed at step 1 system in three times
On the first stalk bed obtained, the second stalk bed is obtained, wherein the weight of the first mixed liquor is the 25% of stalk weight, the first mixing
The concrete operations that liquid sprays in three times include：First the first mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, in
It dries at room temperature, then the first mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, dry at room temperature, finally will
First mixed liquor of remaining a quarter weight is sprayed on the first stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, in the mistake sprayed three times
It is turned in journey in sprinkling；
Step 3：It is in mass ratio 1:2:2:1 ratio weighs urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride, is uniformly mixed,
Then it is dissolved in water and is made into the second mixed liquor that mass fraction is 20%, the second mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed at step 2 in three times
On second stalk bed obtained, then gather into stalk heap, sealed with black thin film, is placed in the environment of temperature is 35 DEG C and seals
Processing 7 days, then throws off black thin film, and spread out and hang for 24 hours, then is placed under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and dries, and finally crushes
It is the stalk powder of 60~80 mesh at partial size, wherein the weight of the second mixed liquor is the 15% of stalk weight, the second mixed liquor point
The concrete operations sprayed three times include：First the second mixed liquor of half weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, in room temperature
Under dry, then the second mixed liquor of a quarter weight is sprayed on the second stalk bed, is dried at room temperature, finally will be remaining
The second mixed liquor of a quarter weight be sprayed on the second stalk bed, dry at room temperature, during spraying three times
It is turned in sprinkling；
Step 4：It is in mass ratio 3:1:5:2 ratio weighs sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol and glycerol, is uniformly mixed,
It adds water stirring and is made into the third mixed liquor that mass fraction is 15%, stalk powder made from step 3 and third mixed liquor are pressed
Solid-liquid ratio is 1g：The ratio of 6ml is uniformly mixed, and 12h is stood in the environment of being placed in -5 DEG C, is taken out after thawing, is first with frequency
The microwave irradiation 5min of 300MHz, reuse frequency are the microwave irradiation 3min of 500MHz, repeat above-mentioned 300MHz microwave irradiation and
500MHz microwave irradiation three times, then is placed under 45 DEG C of environment and stands for 24 hours, and it is third mixed liquor weight 5% that weight, which is then added,
Phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, after being stirred to react 1h, concentrated by rotary evaporation, drying obtains modified straw powder, wherein phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are mixed
The mass fraction for closing liquid is 10%, and the mass ratio of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid is 1:1；
Step 5：Feed addictive is added into modified straw powder made from step 4, is uniformly mixed, is then fed into particle feeding
Material machine, the cylindric straw feed that obtained length is 10mm, diameter is 3mm, wherein the additive amount of feed addictive is modified straw
The 8% of stalk powder weight.
2. the integral preparation method of straw feed as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, throw off black
Film, and spread the detailed process hung for 24 hours out and include：After black thin film is thrown off, first stalk heap is split into a thickness of 10cm's
Then third stalk bed uniformly sprays one layer of light-coloured vinegar on the surface of third stalk bed, then hangs at room temperature for 24 hours, wherein light-coloured vinegar
Fountain height be the second mixed liquor weight 8%.
3. the integral preparation method of straw feed as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5, feed addition
Agent includes the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2 parts of lotus leaf, 2 parts of mulberry leaf, 2 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 parts of honeysuckle, white sugar
1 part, 0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin D, 0.5 part of vitamin E, 0.5 part of niacin, 0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride 0.5
Part and 0.2 part of calcium carbonate.
4. the integral preparation method of straw feed as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the preparation side of feed addictive
Method includes：Weigh folium artemisiae argyi, lotus leaf, mulberry leaf, Radix Glycyrrhizae and honeysuckle by weight, be respectively crushed into 100 mesh powders, then with bone meal
Mixing, is eventually adding white sugar, vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate, and mixing is equal
It is even.
5. the integral preparation method of straw feed as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that stalk used is in step 1
One of corn, wheat and rice are a variety of.
6. the integral preparation method of straw feed as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4, concentrated by rotary evaporation
Concrete operations parameter include：Temperature is 60 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.85MPa, and being concentrated into solid content is 80%.
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