CN105028346A - Matrix for breeding earthworms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a substrate for raising earthworms, which is made of the following materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of pig manure, 15-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 30-50 parts of plant straw, 20-30 parts of fruit residue, 10-20 parts of 15 parts of river bottom mud, 0.5~1 part of EM bacteria solution, 100~150 parts of sandy loam. The substrate of the present invention re-uses the waste, protects the environment, improves the material utilization rate by using the fermentation technology, not only contains rich nutrients and has better air permeability, but also improves the growth environment of earthworms, reduces the incidence and Mortality, increased growth rate and yield. In addition, it solves the problem that it is difficult to cultivate earthworms in some areas, makes the earthworm cultivation standardized and standardized, and promotes the development of the earthworm cultivation industry.

Description

A kind of substrate for raising earthworms

technical field

The invention relates to a feeding substrate, in particular to a feeding substrate for earthworms.

Background technique

Earthworms are common terrestrial annelids that live in the soil and come out at night. They feed on livestock and poultry manure and organic waste, swallowing them together with soil, and also eating plant stems and leaves. Earthworms can loosen the soil, improve the soil, increase fertility, and promote agricultural production. There are about 2,500 species of earthworms in the world, and 229 species have been recorded in our country, which are widely distributed and have many types. There are more than 2,000 species in our country. Earthworms have the functions of dredging meridian and activating collaterals, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Dried earthworms can be used as high-grade open bait for various fish and aquatic products; fresh earthworms are high-protein live baits; frozen earthworms are high-efficiency drug baits. All kinds of livestock and poultry animals often eat earthworms can improve the quality of meat, eggs and milk, reduce the amount of drugs, reduce drug residues, and reduce mortality. Fish fry farms, aquaculture farms, etc. often feed earthworms, which can make the seedlings strong, strong, and bright in color. Earthworms can also be used as traditional Chinese medicine, which has diuretic, analgesic, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, antipyretic, and anticonvulsant effects. Earthworms contain dioronin, dioronin, vitamin B complex and other components, which can extract protease, lumbrokinase, worm fibrinolytic enzyme and other biological drugs. It is precisely because earthworms have such a wide range of applications that more and more people breed earthworms. However, the current farming methods are extensive farming. They just put earthworms underground and feed them with food such as cow dung. It can be intensified, factoryized or familyized, and the survival rate and growth rate are affected. At the same time, in some mountainous areas, the land is small and the population is large, and the hard land is not suitable for earthworm breeding. The earthworm breeding industry in these areas must be restricted. In order to promote earthworm The faster development of the aquaculture industry provides a substrate for earthworm aquaculture, which makes the earthworm aquaculture more standardized and has a wider range of aquaculture, and is a powerful measure to promote the development of the earthworm aquaculture industry.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a substrate for raising earthworms, which can not only solve the limitation of feeding earthworms in some areas, but also improve the efficiency of feeding and management, and the substrate makes full use of waste, protects the environment, and has a reasonable nutritional mix , earthworms have good quality and high yield.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A substrate for raising earthworms is made of the following materials in parts by weight:

60~80 parts of pig manure, 15~20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 30~50 parts of plant straw, 20~30 parts of fruit pomace, 10~15 parts of river bottom mud, 0.5~1 part of EM bacteria solution, 100~150 parts of sandy loam;

Its preparation method is:

(1) Mix and pulverize 15-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 30-50 parts of plant straw, and 20-30 parts of fruit pomace for later use;

(2) After air-drying 60-80 parts of pig manure, mix the pulverized matter obtained in step (1) and 10-15 parts of river bottom sludge evenly and put them in the fermentation tank, and inoculate 0.5-1 part of EM bacteria liquid for fermentation treatment. Fermentation temperature is 50~60℃, ferment for 10~15 days to get the fermented material for later use;

(3) Conduct a pH test on the fermented material, and adjust the pH value with citric acid solution or clarified lime water solution, and control the pH value at 6.5~7.5;

(4) After the adjusted fermentation material is taken out and air-dried naturally, it is crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fermentation powder for later use;

(5) After fully mixing the fermentation powder with 100~150 parts of sandy loam soil, the substrate for raising earthworms can be obtained.

Further, the plant straw is at least two kinds of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw.

Further, the fruit pomace is residues such as pulp and peel left after the fruit is processed, and the selected fruit is one or more of apples, pears, bananas, lemons, grapes, and watermelons.

Further, the river bottom silt is selected from river or pond bottom silt more than 5 years old.

Further, the EM bacteria liquid contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and filamentous bacteria.

Further, 100% of the yeast powder in step (4) can pass through 60 mesh, and more than 80% can pass through 100 mesh.

The dregs of the traditional Chinese medicine are 8 parts by weight of astragalus, 3 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 2 parts of cinnamon, 3 parts of Vitex, 2 parts of Shichangpu, 1.5 parts of panna leaf, 2.6 parts of aster, 3 parts of golden zebra, 1.2 parts of Magnolia officinalis 1 part, 2 parts of Asarum, and 1 part of Qingpi. It can be mixed with the slag of the above substances. After reasonable compatibility, the efficacy of the drug is improved, it has antibacterial effect, and provides a good environment for the growth of earthworms. At the same time, the disease resistance of earthworms can be improved when the earthworms feed. After adding traditional Chinese medicine dregs to the substrate, the mortality rate of earthworms is reduced by 68%, which improves the economic benefits of breeding.

The present invention has following beneficial effects:

(1) my country is a big producer of Chinese herbal medicines. Countless Chinese medicine residues are produced every year. Unreasonable treatment of Chinese medicine residues is a waste of resources and endangers the environment. Chinese medicine residues are rich in organic and inorganic substances, which can provide nitrogen for the growth of earthworms. Phosphorus and potassium and other elements, and the contained pharmaceutical ingredients can be sterilized, reduce the damage of parasites such as filarials and other animals to earthworms, increase their survival rate, and improve the living environment.

(2) Fruit pomace not only contains a lot of nutrients, but its sweet and fruity aroma can improve the feeding rate and digestion and absorption rate of earthworms, and further increase its weight and quality.

(3) The added river bottom silt not only contains a large amount of corrosive substances, but also can provide nutrients for earthworms, and it belongs to clay soil, which, together with sandy loam and other material components with reasonable particle size control, provides an effective environment for the growth of earthworms. A well-permeable growth environment.

(4) In summary, the substrate of the present invention re-uses waste, protects the environment, and improves the utilization rate of materials by using fermentation technology. It not only contains rich nutrients and has good air permeability, but also improves the growth environment of earthworms. , reduced morbidity and mortality, increased growth rate and yield. In addition, it solves the problem that it is difficult to cultivate earthworms in some areas, makes the earthworm cultivation standardized and standardized, and promotes the development of the earthworm cultivation industry.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A substrate for raising earthworms is made of the following materials in parts by weight:

65 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 40 parts of plant straw, 30 parts of fruit pomace, 10 parts of river bottom mud, 0.7 parts of EM bacteria solution, 120 parts of sandy loam;

Its preparation method is:

(1) Mix and pulverize 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 40 parts of plant straw, and 30 parts of fruit dregs for later use;

(2) After air-drying 65 parts of pig manure, mix them with the pulverized material obtained in step (1) and 10 parts of river bottom sludge and put them evenly in the fermentation tank, and inoculate 0.7 parts of EM bacteria liquid for fermentation treatment, during which the fermentation temperature is controlled at 50~60 ℃, fermented for 12 days to obtain the fermented material for later use;

(3) Conduct a pH test on the fermented material, and adjust the pH value with citric acid solution or clarified lime water solution, and control the pH value at 6.5~7.5;

(4) After the adjusted fermentation material is taken out and air-dried naturally, it is crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fermentation powder for later use;

(5) After fully mixing the fermentation powder with 120 parts of sandy loam, the substrate for raising earthworms is obtained.

Further, the plant straw is composed of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw.

Further, the fruit pomace is residues such as pulp and peel left after the fruit is processed, and the selected fruits are apples, bananas, grapes and watermelons.

Further, the river bottom silt is selected from pond bottom silt more than 5 years old.

Further, the EM bacteria liquid contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and filamentous bacteria.

Further, 100% of the yeast powder in step (4) can pass through 60 mesh, and more than 80% can pass through 100 mesh.

In order to compare the effects of the present invention, two kinds of substrates for traditionally raising earthworms were prepared, one was obtained by mixing and fermenting cow dung and straw at a ratio of 2:1 by weight, and the other was obtained by stacking and decomposing only plant straw. The substrates are respectively marked as experimental group 2 and experimental group 3, and Example 1 is experimental group 1.

Select 90 juvenile earthworms with similar body size and without annulus. The species is Daping No. 2 of the Chizi Eisensis class, with an average weight of 170±1mg/piece. After the earthworms are randomly divided into three groups, they are treated with the above three substrates respectively. Feeding, daily management, and feeding methods were the same, and they were fed for 30 days. The following table shows the comparative data of each group:

Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Experimental group 3 Initial average weight (mg/bar) 170.5 170.8 169.8 End average weight (mg/bar) 416.5 392.8 385.8 Daily weight gain (mg/bar) 8.2 7.4 7.2 Disease incidence (%) 0.15 3.25 3.46

Claims (7)

1. A substrate for raising earthworms is characterized in that it is made of the following parts by weight: 60~80 parts of pig manure, 15~20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 30~50 parts of plant straw, 20~30 parts of fruit pomace, 10~15 parts of river bottom mud, 0.5~1 part of EM bacteria solution, 100~150 parts of sandy loam; Its preparation method is: (1) Mix and pulverize 15-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 30-50 parts of plant straw, and 20-30 parts of fruit pomace for later use; (2) After air-drying 60-80 parts of pig manure, mix the pulverized matter obtained in step (1) and 10-15 parts of river bottom sludge evenly and put them in the fermentation tank, and inoculate 0.5-1 part of EM bacteria liquid for fermentation treatment. Fermentation temperature is 50~60℃, ferment for 10~15 days to get the fermented material for later use; (3) Conduct a pH test on the fermented material, and adjust the pH value with citric acid solution or clarified lime water solution, and control the pH value at 6.5~7.5; (4) After the adjusted fermentation material is taken out and air-dried naturally, it is crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fermentation powder for later use; (5) After fully mixing the fermentation powder with 100~150 parts of sandy loam soil, the substrate for raising earthworms can be obtained. 2 . The substrate for raising earthworms according to claim 1 , wherein the plant straw is composed of at least two kinds of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw. 3. a kind of substrate for raising earthworms according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fruit pomace is residues such as fruit pulp, pericarp remaining after processing, and selected fruit is apple, pear, banana, lemon, grape , one or several kinds of watermelons. 4. a kind of substrate for raising earthworms according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described river bottom silt selects the river or pond bottom silt of more than 5 years for use. 5. A kind of substrate for raising earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that, said EM bacteria liquid contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, and filamentous bacteria. 6 . The substrate for raising earthworms according to claim 1 , wherein 100% of the fermentation powder in step (4) can pass 60 mesh, and more than 80% can pass 100 mesh. 7. a kind of substrate for raising earthworms according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Chinese medicine dregs is by weight 8 parts of Radix Astragali, 3 parts of Codonopsis Radix, 2 parts of Tribulus terrestris, 3 parts of Vitex, and 2 parts of Acorus calamus , 1.5 parts of Lavender Pan, 2.6 parts of Aster, 3 parts of Golden Boil, 1.2 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 2 parts of Asarum, and 1 part of Qingpi.