Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
  • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
  • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an antiglare film having a low haze while exhibiting excellent antiglare performance, and an image display device including the antiglare film.
• image display devices such as liquid crystal displays, plasma display panels, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, and organic electroluminescence (EL) displays is significantly impaired when external light is reflected on the display surface.
• TVs that emphasize image quality are used for personal computers, video cameras and digital cameras used outdoors with strong external light, and display is performed using reflected light.
• a cellular phone or the like has been provided with a film layer for preventing the reflection of external light on the surface of the image display device.
• This film layer consists of a film that has been anti-reflective treated using interference from the optical multilayer film, and an anti-glare treatment that blurs the reflected image by scattering incident light by forming fine irregularities on the surface.
• the former non-reflective film requires a multilayer film having a uniform optical film thickness, which increases the cost.
• the latter antiglare film can be manufactured at a relatively low cost, and is therefore widely used in applications such as large personal computers and monitors.
• such an antiglare film has a random unevenness by, for example, applying a resin solution in which a filler is dispersed on a base sheet, adjusting the coating thickness, and exposing the filler to the coating film surface. It is manufactured by a method of forming on a sheet.
• the antiglare film produced by dispersing such a filler has an uneven arrangement and shape depending on the dispersion state and application state of the filler in the resin solution. Since the shape is affected, it is difficult to obtain unevenness as intended, and there is a problem that sufficient anti-glare performance cannot be obtained with a low haze.
• the ionizing radiation curable resin is cured in a state where an ionizing radiation curable resin is sandwiched between an embossed mold and a transparent resin film.
• An anti-glare film having a shape provided on the transparent resin film is disclosed.
• a film having fine irregularities on the surface as a light diffusion layer disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display device, instead of the antiglare film disposed on the display surface of the display device. It is disclosed in, for example, Kaihei 6-34961, JP-A 2004-45471, and JP-A 2004-45472.
• an embossing roll having a shape with inverted irregularities is filled with an ionizing radiation curable resin liquid.
• a transparent substrate that runs in synchronization with the rotational direction of the roll intaglio is brought into contact with the filled resin, and the resin between the roll intaglio and the transparent substrate when the transparent substrate is in contact with the roll intaglio.
• a cured resin and a transparent base material are brought into close contact with each other at the same time as the curing, and then a laminate of the cured resin and the transparent base material is peeled off from the roll intaglio.
• the composition of the ionizing radiation curable resin liquid that can be used is limited.
• high mechanical accuracy is required for the embossing roll intaglio to ensure the uniformity of the uneven surface, making it difficult to produce the embossing roll. There was a problem.
• a method for producing a roll used for producing a film having irregularities on the surface for example, in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-3 4 9 61, a cylindrical body is made using a metal, etc. A method of forming irregularities on the surface by techniques such as electronic engraving, etching, and sand blasting is disclosed.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-29240 discloses a method for producing an embossing roll by a bead shot method.
• No. 2004-90187 discloses a process of forming a metal plating layer on the surface of an embossing roll, a process of mirror polishing the surface of the metal plating layer, and blasting using a ceramic bead on the mirror-polished metal plating layer surface.
• a method for producing an embossing roll through a process of applying a treatment and a process of performing a peening treatment as necessary is disclosed.
• the surface of chrome plating often becomes rough depending on the material and shape of the base, and the chrome plating is formed on the unevenness formed by blasting.
• the formation of fine cracks caused by the above there was the problem that it was difficult to design what kind of irregularities could be created.
• the scattering characteristics of the finally obtained antiglare film change in an unfavorable direction due to fine cracks caused by chrome plating.
• the finished roll surface varies widely depending on the combination of the metal type and plating type on the surface of the embossing roll base material. Therefore, in order to obtain the required surface irregularities with high accuracy, an appropriate roll surface is required.
• JP-A-2006-53371 also discloses that a bump is formed by hitting fine particles on the surface of a polished metal, and an electric field non-sticking is applied to form a mold, and the uneven surface of the mold is formed with a transparent resin film.
• an anti-glare film having excellent anti-glare performance while having a low haze can be obtained by transferring it to a film.
• the present invention provides an anti-glare property that exhibits excellent anti-glare performance, has low haze, prevents deterioration of visibility due to whitishness, and does not cause glare when placed on the surface of a high-definition image display device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a film and to provide an image display device to which the antiglare film is applied.
• a die effective for producing an anti-glare film with low haze and excellent anti-glare performance can be obtained by applying chrome plating to the irregular surface. It is proposed that As a result of further research based on these methods, especially the latter method, for example, if the conditions for hitting fine particles are appropriately selected, the regular reflectance is relatively small and the reflection profile is broadened. It has been found that the antiglare film has a further excellent antiglare performance, and that the displayed image changes little even when the viewing angle is changed. We have also found an index that can favorably evaluate the antiglare performance.
• the antiglare film according to the present invention has irregularities formed on the surface, and for light incident at an incident angle of 30 °, the reflectance R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, Reflectivity R (40) force at reflection angle 40 ° S S 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, reflectivity R (50) at reflection angle 50 ° is 0.0015% or less, and the following (1) to (7) One of the requirements is satisfied.
• R (35) / R (30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less, where R (3 5) is the reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle 35 ° with respect to light incident at an incident angle of 30 °.
• Arithmetic mean height Pa in an arbitrary cross-sectional curve of the film uneven surface is 0.09 m or more and 0.2 1 im or less
• the maximum cross-sectional height Pt in an arbitrary cross-sectional curve of the film uneven surface is 0.5 m or more and 1.2 or less, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4
• the average length P Sm in an arbitrary cross-sectional curve of the film uneven surface is 12; m or more and 20 m or less,
• the histogram peak must be within ⁇ 10% of the center point (50% height) between the highest point (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%),
• the area of 200 mX 200 m should have 1-50 or more and 3500 or less protrusions.
• the surface of the film surface unevenness was polony divided with the apex of the protrusions as the base point.
• the average area of the polygons that are sometimes formed is not less than 100 / m 2 and not more than 3 00 / m 2 .
• This antiglare film can have a haze of 3% or more and 20% or less with respect to normal incident light.
• This anti-glare film is also a reflection that is measured at a light incident angle of 45 ° using three types of optical combs with widths of 0.5 to 1.0 mm and 2.0 tons in the dark and bright areas. The sum of clarity can be reduced to 30% or less.
• This anti-glare film is made by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the metal surface, polishing the plated surface, and then hitting the polished surface with fine particles to form irregularities and blunting the concave and convex shapes. After that, the concavo-convex surface is chrome plated to form a mold, the concavo-convex surface of the mold is transferred to a transparent resin film, and then the transparent resin film to which the concavo-convex has been transferred is peeled off from the mold. It is advantageously manufactured.
• the fine particles hitting the polished copper or nickel plating surface are preferably those having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 m, particularly spherical, and the pressure when hitting the fine particles is gauged
• the pressure is preferably about 0.1 to 0.4 MPa.
• the etching amount is preferably 1 im or more and 20 m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 // m or less.
• the thickness is preferably l // m or more and 20 m or less, and more preferably 4 / m or more and 10 DI or less.
• the thickness of the chrome plating is preferably 1 m or more and 10 / zm or less, and more preferably 2 or more and 8 / m or less.
• the transparent resin film that transfers the concave / convex surface of the mold consists of a transparent substrate film with a photocurable resin layer formed on it, and the photocurable resin layer is pressed against the uneven surface of the mold. Then, the uneven surface of the mold can be transferred to the photocurable resin layer.
• an image display device includes the above-described antiglare film and image display means, and the antiglare film is disposed on the viewing side of the image display means.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the incident direction and the reflection direction of light on the antiglare film.
• Fig. 2 is an example of a graph plotting the reflection angle and reflectance (reflectance is a logarithmic scale) for light incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal of the antiglare film.
• Fig. 3 An example of the elevation histogram of an anti-glare film.
• Fig. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing an algorithm for determining a convex portion of an antiglare film.
• Fig. 5 is a polony diagram showing an example of polonoi division with the convex vertex of the antiglare film as the base point.
• FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a unit cell of a glare evaluation pattern.
• Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of glare evaluation.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing, for each step, a method for producing a mold for producing an antiglare film according to the present invention.
• Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the surface is polished after chromium plating.
• FIG. 10 is a graph showing the reflection profile of the antiglare film obtained in Examples 1 to 3.
• FIG. 1 1 is a graph showing an elevation histogram of the antiglare film obtained in Examples 1 to 3.
• FIG. 12 is a graph showing the reflection profile of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 4.
• FIG. 1 3 is a graph showing an elevation histogram of the antiglare films obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 4.
• FIG. 1 4 is a graph showing the reflection profile of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
• FIG. 15 is a graph showing an altitude histogram of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
• FIG. 16 is a graph showing the reflection profile of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
• FIG. 17 is a graph showing a histogram of the altitude of the antiglare films obtained in Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
• Fig. 1 8 is a graph showing an altitude histogram for the antiglare films of Comparative Examples 7 and 12.
• the anti-glare film of the present invention has fine irregularities formed on the surface, and the reflectance R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less for light incident at an incident angle of 30 °.
• the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less
• the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50 ° is 0.0015% or less
• R (35) / R (30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less, where R (3 5) is the reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle 35 ° with respect to light incident at an incident angle of 30 °.
• Arithmetic mean height Pa in an arbitrary cross-sectional curve of the film uneven surface is 0.09 urn or more and 0.21 m or less
• the average length P Sm in an arbitrary cross-sectional curve of the film uneven surface is 1 to 20 m
• the peak of the histogram is the midpoint between the highest point (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%) (height 50% ) Around ⁇ 10%
• the average area of the polygon formed when the surface is polonoi-divided with the top of the convex part of the film surface unevenness as the base point is 100 / m2 or more and 300 / m2 or less.
• (1) is the fourth factor related to the reflectance characteristics
• (2) to (7) are factors related to the surface irregularities.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the incident direction and reflection direction of light with respect to the anti-glare film.
• the reflectivity in the direction of the reflection angle of 30 ° that is, the specular reflection direction 15 (ie, the positive reflectivity) with respect to the incident light 1 3 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal 12 of the antiglare film 1 1 R (30), reflectivity in the direction of the reflection angle 35 °, R (35), reflectivity in the direction of the reflection angle 40 °, R (40), reflectivity in the direction of the reflection angle 50 °, R (50) R (30) is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less,
• R (40) is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and R (50) is 0.0015% or less, and in one form, the value of R (35) / R (30) is 0.4 or more 0.8
• Figure 2 shows the reflection angle and reflectance of the reflected light 16 with respect to the incident light 13 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal 12 of the anti-glare film 1 in Figure 1 (the reflectance is a logarithmic scale). It is an example of a graph. Such a graph representing the relationship between the reflection angle and the reflectance, or the reflectance for each reflection angle read from the graph may be referred to as a reflection profile. As shown in this graph, the regular reflectance R (30) is a reflectance peak with respect to the incident light 13 incident at 30 °, and the reflectance tends to decrease as the angle deviates from the regular reflection direction.
• the regular reflectance R (30) is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less
• the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less
• the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50 ° is 0.001 5
• the shape of the reflection profile that satisfies these requirements has a low regular reflectance R (30).
• the angle of reflection near the regular reflection angle is small, and the angle at which the reflectivity is about 1/10 of the regular reflectivity is about ⁇ 10 ° from the regular reflection direction. Becomes low. By making the reflection profile like this, it has excellent protection against low haze.
• the reflection profile does not show such a shape, that is, the inclination near the specular reflection angle is large, and the angle at which the reflectivity is about 1Z10 with respect to the specular reflectivity is about ⁇ 10 ° from the specular reflection direction.
• the reflectivity decreases sharply when the angle slightly changes from the regular reflection direction, and as a result, the reflected image tends to appear.
• the light source when an arbitrary light source is reflected on the antiglare film of the present invention, a reflected light amount close to regular reflection light is obtained in the range of the regular reflection angle ⁇ 10 °, and as a result, the light source This image can be sufficiently scattered and blurred.
• the light source when an arbitrary light source is reflected on an anti-glare film that has a large inclination near the regular reflection angle and does not show a widened reflection profile, the light source is rapidly changed by slightly changing the angle from the regular reflection direction. The reflected light from the is reduced. This means that the regular reflection light can be clearly distinguished from the surroundings, that is, the reflected light is imaged and reflected.
• specular reflectance R (30) exceeds 0.2%, sufficient anti-glare function cannot be obtained and visibility is deteriorated.
• regular reflectance R (30) is too small, it tends to cause whitening, so 0.04% or more.
• R (40) is 0.02% or less, because if it is too large, whitening may occur.
• R (40) is too small, sufficient antiglare property will not be exhibited, so 0.005% or more.
• R (50) is set to 0.0015% or less, because if it is too large, whitishness tends to occur. From the standpoint of whitishness, R (50) is preferably as small as possible, but in reality, the lower limit is about 0.00001%.
• the value of R (35) / R (30) corresponds to the inclination near 30 ° in Fig. 1, that is, the inclination near the regular reflection angle. This is because the reflectivity is shown on a logarithmic scale in Fig. 1.
• the slope of the reflection profile near the specular reflection angle is steep, that is, when the value of R (35) / R (30) is less than 0.4, the reflection of the light source is abruptly reflected near the specular reflection angle. This means that the reflected image is reflected and the anti-glare property is lowered.
• the slope near the specular angle is almost zero, that is, R (35) /
• the value of R (3) is approximately 1. However, if the value of R (35) / R (30) exceeds 0.8, it tends to cause white burns, so this value should be 0.8 or less. Is preferred.
• the regular reflectance R (30) is about 0.074%
• R (40) is about 0.013%
• R (50) is about 0.0004%
• the value of R (35) / R (30) is about 0.6.
• the regular reflectance R (30) is 0.04%.
• the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less
• the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50 ° is 0.0015% or less
• R (35) / R There was no film having a value of 30) of 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less, and as a result, there was no antiglare film having sufficient antiglare performance and low haze.
• the antiglare film defined in the present invention has a low haze and a function of suppressing white glare and glare while exhibiting sufficient antiglare performance.
• a detector When measuring the reflectance of an antiglare film, it is necessary to accurately measure a reflectance of 0.001% or less. Therefore, it is effective to use a detector with a wide dynamic range.
• a commercially available optical power meter can be used as such a detector, and an aperture is provided in front of the optical power meter detector so that the angle at which the anti-glare film is viewed is 2 °. Measurements can be made using a variable angle photometer.
• incident light visible light of 380 to 78 Onm can be used, and as a light source for measurement, a collimated light emitted from a light source such as a halogen lamp may be used, or a laser or the like may be used.
• a monochromatic light source with high parallelism may be used.
• reflection from the back surface of the anti-glare film may affect the measured value.
• the smooth surface of the anti-glare film is adhered to a black acrylic resin plate with an adhesive or By optically adhering using a liquid such as water or glycerin, only the reflectance of the outermost surface of the antiglare film can be measured. Is preferred.
• the antiglare film of the present invention has a regular reflectance R (30) of 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, R (40) of 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and R (50) of
• the antiglare film surface becomes almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient antiglare performance.
• the arithmetic average height Pa is larger than 0.21 / zm, the surface shape becomes rough, and problems such as whiteness and glare occur.
• the maximum cross-sectional height Pt in the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 0.5 m, the anti-glare film surface is still almost flat and sufficient anti-glare performance is not exhibited.
• the maximum cross-sectional height Pt is larger than 1.2 / m, the surface shape becomes too rough and problems such as whiteness and glare occur, which is not preferable.
• the average length PSm in the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 12 m, the surface shape becomes rough and problems such as whiteness and glare occur, which is not preferable.
• the average length PSm is larger than 20 m, the antiglare film surface is still almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient antiglare performance.
• Arithmetic average height Pa, average length PSm, and maximum cross-section height Pt in the cross-section curve of the uneven surface can be measured using a commercially available general contact surface roughness meter in accordance with JISB 0601. .
• a device such as a confocal microscope, interference microscope, or atomic force microscope (AFM)
• AFM atomic force microscope
• the peak of the histogram is the midpoint (high) between the highest point (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%). The requirement that it exists within 10% of the soil is explained.
• the histogram peaks are in the range of 40% to 60% of the difference between the highest and lowest elevations (maximum elevation). If the peak does not exist within ⁇ 10% from the midpoint, in other words, if the peak appears at a position greater than 60% or less than 40% relative to the maximum elevation, the result is a rough surface shape. This is not preferable because it tends to cause glare. In addition, the texture of the appearance tends to decrease.
• the elevation histogram To determine the elevation histogram, measure the surface shape using a confocal microscope, interference microscope, atomic force microscope (AFM), etc., and obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values of each point on the surface of the antiglare film. It is determined by the algorithm shown below. That is, after obtaining the highest and lowest elevations on the surface of the anti-glare film, the difference between the elevation of the measurement point and the lowest point (the height of that point) is the difference between the highest and lowest points (maximum elevation). ) Divide by to find the relative height of each point. The histogram peak position is obtained by expressing the relative height obtained as a histogram with the highest point being 100% and the lowest point being 0%. The histogram needs to be divided so that the peak position is not affected by the data error, and is preferably divided into about 10 to 30 for display. In order to reduce errors during measurement,
• Figure 3 shows an example of the elevation histogram.
• the horizontal axis represents the ratio (unit:%) of the height of the measurement point to the difference between the elevation at the highest point and the elevation at the lowest point (maximum elevation), and is divided in 5% increments. It is.
• the leftmost vertical bar shows the distribution of a set whose height ratio is in the range of 0 to 5%, and the height ratio increases by 5% as it goes to the right.
• a scale is displayed every 3 divisions on the horizontal axis.
• the vertical axis represents the height distribution, which is 1 when integrated. In this example, the peak position appears between 45% and 50% relative to the maximum altitude. Note that FIG. 11, FIG. 13, FIG. 15, FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 showing the histograms of Examples and Comparative Examples, which will be described later, are displayed in the same manner as FIG.
• the number of protrusions in the region of (6) 2 0 0 m X 2 0 0 z m is 1 5 0 or more and 3 5 0 or less. If the number of projections on the uneven surface is small, it is not preferable because when used in combination with a high-definition image display device, glare due to interference with pixels occurs and the image becomes difficult to see. In addition, if the number of convex portions is excessively large, as a result, the inclination angle of the surface concavo-convex shape becomes steep, and whitishness is generated.
• the surface shape is measured using a confocal microscope, interference microscope, atomic force microscope (AFM), etc. After obtaining the coordinate values, the convexity is judged by the algorithm shown below, and the number is counted. That is, when an arbitrary point on the surface of the antiglare film is focused, there is no point higher than the focused point around that point, and the altitude of the uneven surface at that point is the highest of the uneven surface.
• the point is assumed to be the vertex of the convex portion, and the number of convex vertices obtained in this way is counted to obtain the number of convex portions. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 4, paying attention to an arbitrary point 21 on the surface of the antiglare film, the radius 2 parallel to the reference surface 2 3 of the antiglare film around the point 2 1! ! ⁇ When you draw a circle of 5 zm, wear it in a point on the antiglare film surface 2 2 included in the projected surface 2 4 of the circle.
• the radius of the circle 24 is required to be a size that does not count fine irregularities on the sample surface and does not include a plurality of convex portions, and is preferably about 3 m. In the measurement, in order to reduce the error, it is preferable to measure 3 or more points in the 20 m ⁇ 20 m region and use the average value as the measured value.
• a magnification of the objective lens of about 50 times and a reduced resolution. This is because when measuring at high resolution, fine irregularities on the surface of the sample are measured, which hinders counting of the irregularities.
• the resolution in the height direction also decreases, so it may be difficult to measure the surface shape of a sample with few irregularities.
• a low-pass filter is applied to the resulting image to remove high spatial frequency components, resulting in fine roughness observed on the uneven surface. The number of protrusions may be counted after making it disappear.
• the average area of the polygon formed when the surface is polonoi-divided with the top of the convex part of the film surface unevenness in (7) as the base point is more than 10 O / i ni 2 and more than 300 m 2
• the figure that can be created is called the Polonoi diagram, and the division is called the Polonoi division.
• Figure 5 shows an example in which the surface of the surface of the antiglare film is polony-divided with the apex of the convex part as the base point.
• Square points 2 6 and 2 6 are the base points, and one base point is
• the individual polygons 2 7 and 2 7 that are included are regions formed by the Polonoi division, and are called poroni regions or poroni polygons. In this figure, the peripherally painted portions 2 8 and 2 8 will be described later.
• the number of generating points coincides with the number of Polonoi regions.
• the apex of the convex portion when the average area of Poronoi polygon formed when Poronoi divided as a base point is below 1 0 0 / zm 2 is the angle of inclination of the antiglare film surface becomes steep, as a result Since it becomes easy to generate
• the Voronoi division is performed by the following algorithm to obtain the average area of the Polonoi polygon. That is, according to the algorithm described above with reference to FIG. 4, first, the vertex of the convex portion on the surface of the antiglare film is obtained, and then the vertex of the convex portion is projected onto the reference surface of the antiglare film.
• the average area of the Voronoi polygon is obtained by calculating the area of the obtained polygon.
• Polonoi polygons that touch the boundary of the measurement field are counted as the number of convex parts, but are not included when calculating the average area.
• FIG. 5 is a Polonoi diagram showing an example when the Polonoy division is performed with the convex vertex of the anti-glare film as a base point.
• a large number of generating points 2 6 and 26 are the vertices of the convex portion of the antiglare film, and one Voronoi polygon 2 7 is assigned to one generating point 2 6 by Voronoi division.
• Polonoy polygons 28 and 28 that touch the boundary of the field of view and are thinly painted are not counted in the calculation of the average area, as described above.
• only some of the generating points and Poronoi polygons are provided with leading lines and symbols. It will be easily understood from the above description and this figure that there are many squares.
• the antiglare film of the present invention preferably has a haze of 3% or more and 20% or less with respect to normal incident light.
• the haze is high, the front contrast when the antiglare film is applied to a liquid crystal panel is lowered, so the haze is preferably 20% or less.
• the haze is less than 3%, the antiglare property is insufficient and the visibility tends to be lowered.
• the haze of the antiglare film can be measured according to the method described in IS K 7136.
• the antiglare film of the present invention has a sum of reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 45 ° using three types of optical combs having a dark portion and a bright portion width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm. It is preferably 30% or less. Reflection sharpness is measured by the method specified in IIS K 7105. In this standard, four types of optical combs are used to measure image definition: the ratio of the width of the dark area to the bright area is 1: 1, and the width is 0.125 orchid, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, and 2.0mm. Is stipulated. Among these, when an optical comb with a width of 0.125 mm is used, an error of the measured value becomes large in the antiglare film specified in the present invention.
• 0.15 mm is used.
• the measured value is not added to the sum, and the sum of image sharpness measured using three types of optical combs with widths of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is referred to as reflection sharpness.
• the maximum reflection sharpness for this definition is 300%. If the definition of the reflection definition exceeds 30%, an image of a light source or the like is reflected clearly, and the antiglare property is inferior.
• each reflection definition using an optical comb with a width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is at most about 10%, due to measurement errors, etc. This is because the reflection sharpness cannot be ignored.
• the present inventors made a comparison between superiority and inferiority of antiglare property by visual observation on an antiglare film having a reflection definition of 30% or less obtained by a production method as described later. Eye By comparing and examining the evaluation result of the antiglare property by visual observation and the reflection profile described above, an index that can suitably evaluate the antiglare performance of the antiglare film was found.
• the pixel density of a high-definition image display element used in combination is not limited to l O Oppi (pixel per inch). If glare is visible at a pixel density lower than this, it is difficult to use in combination with a high-definition image display element.
• Glare can be evaluated by the following method.
• a photomask having a unit cell pattern as shown in a plan view in FIG. 6 is prepared.
• the unit cell 30 has a key-shaped chrome shading pattern 31 having a line width of 10 m formed on a transparent substrate, and the portion where the chrome shading pattern 31 is not formed is an opening 3.
• the unit cell dimensions are 2 5 4 2 Di X 8 4 / m (vertical X horizontal), and therefore the opening dimensions are 2 4 4 m X 7 4 m (vertical X horizontal).
• a thing was used.
• a large number of unit cells shown in the figure are arranged vertically and horizontally to form a photomask.
• the chrome shading pattern 3 1 of the photomask 3 3 is placed in the light box 35 with the upside, and the antiglare film 1 1 is attached to the glass plate 3 7 with an adhesive. Place the pasted sample on the photomask 33.
• a light source 3 6 is arranged in the light box 3 5. In this state, the sensory evaluation of glare is performed by visual observation from a position 39 that is approximately 30 cm away from the sample.
• the antiglare film of the present invention uses a metal mold with irregularities formed in a predetermined shape, transfers the irregular surface of the mold to a transparent resin film, and then transfers the transparent resin film with the irregular surface transferred to the mold. It is advantageously manufactured by the method of peeling from the surface.
• copper or nickel plating is applied to the surface of the metal substrate, and after polishing the plating surface, fine particles are hit against the polished surface.
• chrome plating is applied to the concavo-convex surface. To make a mold.
• bumps are formed on the surface of the metal substrate on which fine particles are struck to form irregularities, and further a chrome plating layer is formed.
• a chrome plating layer is formed.
• chrome plating is applied to the surface of iron, etc., or if chrome plating is applied again after forming irregularities on the chrome plating surface by sandblasting or bead shot method, As described in the section, the surface is easily roughened, and fine cracks are generated, which may adversely affect the shape of the antiglare film. In contrast, it has been found that such inconvenience is eliminated by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the surface.
• copper plating and nickel plating have high coverage and a strong smoothing action, so that a flat and glossy surface is formed by filling in the fine irregularities and nests of the metal substrate. Because. These copper plating and nickel plating characteristics eliminate the rough surface of the chromium plating that appears to be due to minute irregularities and nests existing in the metal substrate. It is thought that the occurrence of fine cracks is reduced due to the high coverage of the plating.
• the copper or nickel as used herein may be a pure metal, or may be an alloy mainly composed of copper or an alloy mainly composed of nickel. Therefore, the term “copper” as used in the present specification is meant to include copper and a copper alloy, and the term “nickel” is meant to include nickel and a nickel alloy. Copper plating and nickel plating may be performed with electrolytic plating or electroless plating, but electrolytic plating is usually used.
• suitable metals for forming the mold include aluminum and iron from the viewpoint of cost.
• lightweight aluminum is more preferred for convenience of handling.
• the aluminum and iron here may be pure metals, respectively, or may be an alloy mainly composed of aluminum or iron.
• the surface of such a metal substrate is subjected to copper plating or nickel plating, and the surface is further polished to obtain a smoother surface. After obtaining a glossy surface with a fine particle, hitting the surface to form fine irregularities, processing to blunt the irregularities, and then applying chrome plating to form the mold To do.
• the thickness is preferably 1 O w m or more.
• the upper limit of the plating layer thickness is not critical, but in view of cost and the like, in general, it is sufficient up to about 500 mm.
• the shape of the metal mold may be a flat metal plate, or a columnar or cylindrical metal roll. If a metal mold is produced using a metal roll, an antiglare film can be produced in a continuous roll shape.
• FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the steps required to obtain a metal mold, taking the case of using a flat plate as an example.
• A in FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the substrate after copper plating or nickel plating and mirror polishing, and a surface of the substrate 41 is formed with a bonding layer 42. Is the polished surface 4 3. Unevenness is formed by hitting fine particles against the surface of the plated layer 42 after such mirror polishing.
• (B) in FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate 41 after hitting the fine particles, and a fine concave surface 44 having a partially spherical shape is formed by hitting the fine particles.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate 41 after the surface on which the unevenness due to the fine particles is formed is processed to make the uneven shape dull.
• (C 1) is blunted by the etching process.
• (C 2) represents the state dulled by copper plating.
• the partial spherical concave surface corresponding to (B) before being blunted by etching is indicated by a broken line.
• the concave surface 44 and the acute protrusion shown in (B) are shaved by etching, and the acute protrusion on the partial sphere is blunted. 4 6 a is formed.
• a chrome plating layer 47 is formed on the surface 46 6 a that has been blunted by the etching shown in (C 1).
• the surface 48 is in a more dull state due to chromium plating, in other words, the uneven shape is relaxed, compared to the uneven surface 46 a of (C 1).
• the copper plating layer 4 5 is formed on the fine concave surface formed on the copper or nickel plating layer 4 2 on the substrate 4 1.
• a chrome plating layer 47 is formed thereon, and its surface 48 is further dulled by the chrome plating compared to the uneven surface 46 b of (C 2), in other words, By doing so, the uneven shape is relaxed.
• the surface 46 (4 6 a or 4 6 b) subjected to processing for dulling the uneven shape is applied.
• chrome plating a metal mold having substantially no flat portion can be obtained.
• such a mold is suitable for obtaining an antiglare film exhibiting preferable optical characteristics.
• the plating layer made of copper or nickel on the base material is struck with fine particles in a state where the surface is polished, and it is particularly preferable that the plating layer is polished in a state close to a mirror surface. This is because metal plates and metal rolls that are base materials are often subjected to machining such as cutting and grinding to achieve the desired accuracy, which leaves machining marks on the surface of the base material. It is.
• the optical properties may be unexpectedly affected.
• the surface roughness after polishing is represented by a center line average roughness Ra, and Ra is preferably 0.5 / im or less, and more preferably Ra is 0.1 / m or less. If Ra is too large, even if the metal surface is deformed by hitting fine particles, the effect of surface roughness before deformation may remain, which is not preferable.
• the lower limit of R a is not particularly limited, and there is no need to specify it because there is a natural limit from the viewpoint of machining time and cost.
• an injection processing method is preferably used as a method of hitting the surface of the base material with the fine particles.
• injection processing include sand blasting, shot blasting, and liquid honing.
• the particles used in these processes are preferably spherical shapes rather than shapes with sharp corners, and hard particles that are broken during processing and do not produce sharp corners. preferable.
• spherical zirconia beads and alumina beads are preferably used for ceramic particles.
• steel is preferably made of stainless steel beads. Further, particles obtained by supporting ceramic resin particles on a resin binder may be used.
• Anti-glare film showing excellent anti-glare performance by using fine particles that have an average particle size of 10 to 50 lim, especially spherical particles, as the fine particles that hit the surface of the base material. Can be produced. If the average particle size of the fine particles is smaller than 1 O / ⁇ m, it will be difficult to form sufficient irregularities on the plated surface, and it will be difficult to obtain sufficient antiglare performance. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the fine particles is larger than 50 m, the surface irregularities become rough, causing glare and poor texture.
• the particles are aggregated due to static electricity. In order to avoid this, it is preferable to employ a wet blasting method in which the dispersion is processed in an appropriate dispersion medium.
• the pressure when hitting the fine particles, the amount of fine particles used, and the distance from the nozzle that sprays the fine particles to the metal surface also affect the uneven shape after processing, and eventually the surface shape of the antiglare film.
• the gauge pressure is about 0.1 to 0.4 MPa
• the surface area of the metal to be treated is about 4 to 12 g per 1 cm 2
• the nozzle from the nozzle that sprays the fine particles to the metal surface is about 200 mm to 600 mm.
• the distance may be selected appropriately according to the type and particle size of the fine particles used, the type of metal, the shape of the nozzle for injecting the fine particles, and the desired uneven shape.
• the concavo-convex shape formed by hitting fine particles on the surface of the base material has an arithmetic average height Pa of 0.1 / m or more and 1 m or less for any cross-sectional curve.
• the arithmetic average height Pa is less than 0.1 m or the ratio Pa no P Sm is less than 0.02, the surface of the unevenness will be reduced when the uneven shape is blunted before chrome welding. However, it is difficult to obtain a mold with the desired surface shape.
• the arithmetic average height Pa is greater than 1 m or the ratio PaZP Sm is greater than 0.1, the process of dulling the concavo-convex shape before chrome plating must be performed under strong conditions. Control of surface shape tends to be difficult.
• corrugated shape is given to the base material with which the copper plating or the unevenness
• the etching process or copper plating is preferable as the process for dulling the uneven shape.
• the sharp portions of the concavo-convex shape produced by hitting the fine particles are eliminated.
• the optical characteristics of the antiglare film produced when used as a mold are changed in a preferable direction.
• copper plating has a strong smoothing action, so it has a stronger effect of dulling the uneven shape than chromium plating.
• the etching amount is preferably 1 m or more and 20 m or less, and more preferably 2 / zm or more and 10 m or less.
• the unevenness of the unevenness differs depending on the type of base metal, the size and depth of the unevenness obtained by blasting techniques, the type and thickness of the unevenness, etc.
• the biggest factor in controlling the degree of rounding is the thickness of the inlay. If the thickness of the copper plating layer is thin, the effect of dulling the surface shape of the unevenness obtained by blasting techniques is insufficient, and the optical properties of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to a transparent film The characteristics are not so good. On the other hand, if the plating thickness is too thick, the productivity is deteriorated and the uneven shape is almost eliminated, so that the antiglare property is not exhibited. Accordingly, the thickness of the copper plating is preferably 1 m or more and 20 m or less, and more preferably 4 m or more and 10 j ⁇ m or less.
• the stencil surface is further dulled by applying chrome plating to make a metal plate with increased surface hardness.
• the degree of unevenness at this time also varies depending on the type of underlying metal, the size and depth of the unevenness obtained by techniques such as blasting, the type and thickness of the masking, and so on.
• the biggest factor in controlling the thickness is the thickness of the metal. If the thickness of the chrome plating layer is thin, the effect of dulling the surface shape of the unevenness obtained before the chrome plating process is insufficient, and the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to a transparent film is insufficient. Optical properties are not so good.
• the thickness of the chrome plating is preferably 1 / m or more and 10 or less, and more preferably 2 rn or more and 6 m or less.
• the surface of a flat plate or roll is glossy, has high hardness, has a small friction coefficient, and employs chrome plating that can give good releasability.
• chrome plating that exhibits good luster, such as a so-called glossy chrome plating or a decorative chrome plating.
• Chrome plating is usually performed by electrolysis, and an aqueous solution containing chromic anhydride (C r 0 3 ) and a small amount of sulfuric acid is used as the plating bath.
• chromic anhydride C r 0 3
• sulfuric acid a small amount of sulfuric acid
• the mold surface to which chrome plating is applied preferably has a Vickers hardness of 800 or more, more preferably 100 or more. If the Vickers hardness is low, the durability when using a mold is reduced, and the hardness decreases due to chrome plating, which may indicate an abnormality in the plating bath composition and electrolytic conditions during the plating process. Highly likely to have an unfavorable impact on the status of defects.
• Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 20 0 2-1 8 9 1 0 6 an uneven surface is formed by a sand boost method or a bead shot method on a roller chrome-plated on the iron surface, and then chrome-plated.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-3 4 9 6 1 describes forming irregularities on a metal surface by a technique such as etching or sandblasting, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-029 2 JP-A No. 40 and JP-A No. 2000-090-87 describe that a bead shot method or blast treatment is applied to the mouth surface.
• the surface shape is actively blunted, and then the chrome plating process is performed to blunt the surface irregular shape. According to the present inventors' investigation, if the surface shape is not actively dulled like the method shown in the present invention, the anti-glare performance is excellent. A dazzling film could not be produced.
• plating other than chrome plating on the metal surface with irregularities. Because, in the case of plating other than chromium, the hardness is less wear resistance. The durability of the mold will decrease, and the unevenness will be worn away during use, or the mold may be damaged. With an antiglare film obtained from such a mold, there is a high possibility that a sufficient antiglare function will not be obtained, and there is a high possibility that defects will occur on the film. Polishing the surface after plating as disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-090 187 is also not preferable in the present invention.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal plate having a flat surface when the applied surface is polished. Due to the polishing, some of the surface irregularities 48 on the surface of the chromium plating layer 47 formed on the surface of the copper or nickel plating layer 42 are scraped, and a flat surface 49 is generated.
• Fig. 9 shows the process of dulling the uneven shape obtained by hitting fine particles.
• An antiglare film can be obtained by transferring the shape of the metal mold obtained by the method described above to a transparent resin film.
• the transfer to the mold-shaped film is preferably performed by embossing. Examples of embossing include a UV embossing method using a photocurable resin and a hot embossing method using a thermoplastic resin.
• a photo-curing resin layer is formed on the surface of a transparent substrate film, and the photo-curing resin layer is cured by pressing the photo-curing resin layer against the uneven surface of the mold. Transferred to the conductive resin layer.
• an ultraviolet ray curable resin is applied on a transparent substrate film, and the ultraviolet ray curable resin is applied to the metal mold while the ultraviolet ray curable resin is in close contact with the metal mold.
• the type of the ultraviolet curable resin is not particularly limited.
• the ultraviolet curable resin although expressed as an ultraviolet curable resin, a resin that can be cured even with visible light having a wavelength longer than that of ultraviolet light can be obtained by appropriately selecting a photoinitiator. That is, the ultraviolet curable resin here is a general term including such a visible light curable resin.
• the hot boss method a transparent thermoplastic resin film is pressed against a metal mold in a heated state, and the surface shape of the mold is transferred to the thermoplastic resin film.
• the UV embossing method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
• the transparent substrate film that can be used for the production of the antiglare film is only required to be substantially optically transparent, and examples thereof include resin films such as triacetyl cellulose film and polyethylene terephthalate film.
• a commercially available product can be used as the ultraviolet curable resin.
• polyfunctional acrylates such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate are used singly or as a mixture of two or more of them.
• a mixture of photopolymerization initiators such as Ciba 'Specialty' (Chemicals) and "Lucirin TPO" (BASF) can be used as an ultraviolet curable resin.
• thermoplastic transparent resin film used in the hot embossing method may be any material as long as it is substantially transparent.
• a solvent cast film or extruded film of a thermoplastic resin such as an amorphous cyclic polyolefin having a norbornene compound as a monomer can be used.
• These transparent resin films can also be transparent substrate films when the UV embossing method described above is adopted.
• the anti-glare film of the present invention configured as described above has an excellent anti-glare effect and effectively prevents white tint, so that it has excellent visibility when mounted on an image display device.
• this antiglare film can be laminated on a polarizing film.
• the polarizing film is generally in the form of a protective film laminated on at least one side of a polarizer composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film adsorbed and oriented with iodine or a dichroic dye. If an antiglare film with the above irregularities is bonded to one surface, an antiglare polarizing film is obtained.
• the film provided with the above-described antiglare unevenness as a protective film and antiglare layer, and bonding it to one side of the polarizer so that the uneven surface is on the outside, An antiglare polarizing film can be obtained. Furthermore, in the polarizing film in which the protective film is laminated, the antiglare polarizing film can be obtained by providing the antiglare unevenness as described above on the surface of the single-sided protective film.
• the image display device of the present invention is a combination of an anti-glare film having a specific surface shape as described above and an image display means.
• the image display means is typically a liquid crystal panel that includes a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal is sealed between upper and lower substrates and displays an image by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by applying a voltage.
• the antiglare film of the present invention can be applied to various known displays such as a display panel, a CRT display, and an organic EL display.
• an image display apparatus is comprised by arrange
• the antiglare film may be directly bonded to the surface of the image display means, and when the liquid crystal panel is used as the image display means, for example, as described above, it is bonded to the surface of the liquid crystal panel via the polarizing film.
• the image display device provided with the antiglare film of the present invention can scatter incident light due to the unevenness of the surface of the antiglare film, blur the reflected image, and provide excellent visibility. Become. Further, even when the antiglare film of the present invention is applied to a high-definition image display device, the glare as seen in the conventional antiglare film does not occur, and the image is sufficiently reflected while having a low haze.
• the haze of the antiglare film was measured using a haze meter “HM-150” manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd. based on J IS K 7136. In the measurement, in order to prevent the sample from warping, it was bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive so that the concavo-convex surface became the surface, and used in the measurement. (Transparency definition)
• the transmission clarity of the anti-glare film was measured using an image clarity measuring device “ICM-1DP” manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. according to J IS K 7105. Again, sample warpage is prevented. In order to stop, it was used for measurement after being bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive so that the concavo-convex surface became the surface. In this state, light was incident from the glass side and measurement was performed.
• the measured value here is the sum of the values measured using four types of optical combs with dark and bright widths of 0.125 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. In this case, the maximum transmission sharpness is 400%.
• the reflection clarity of the antiglare film was measured using the same image clarity measuring instrument “ICM-1DP” as above.
• ICM-1DP image clarity measuring instrument
• a 2 mm thick black acrylic resin plate was adhered to the glass surface of the glass plate with an antiglare film attached with water, and the sample (anti Measurement was carried out with light incident from the side.
• the measured value here is the sum of the values measured using the three types of optical combs with the dark and bright widths of 0.5, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively, as described above. .
• the surface shape of the antiglare film was measured using a confocal microscope “PL 2300” manufactured by Sensofar. In this case as well, in order to prevent the sample from warping, it was used for measurement after being bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive so that the uneven surface became the surface. During the measurement, the magnification of the objective lens was 50 times, and the measurement was performed at a reduced resolution. This is because if the measurement is performed at a high resolution, fine irregularities on the sample surface will be measured, which will hinder the force of the convex part.
• the average area of the Voronoi polygon is calculated based on the algorithm described above with reference to FIG. It was.
• the antiglare film is bonded to the black acrylic resin plate so that the uneven surface becomes the surface, and visually observed from the uneven surface side in a bright room with a fluorescent lamp. Then, the presence / absence of reflection of fluorescent lamps, the degree of whitening and the texture were visually evaluated. Reflection, whitishness and texture were evaluated according to the following criteria in three stages from 1 to 3, respectively. No reflection is observed,
• Glare was evaluated by the method described above with reference to FIGS.
• a photomask having the unit cell pattern shown in FIG. 6 was fabricated, and as shown in FIG. 7, this was placed in the light box 3 5 with the chrome shading pattern 3 1 of the photomask 3 3 facing up.
• the degree of glare was sensory evaluated in 7 stages.
• Level 1 corresponds to a state where no glare is observed
• Level 7 corresponds to a state where severe glare is observed
• Level 3 refers to a state where only slight glare is observed.
• the unit cell of the photomask is unit cell length X unit cell width in Fig. 6 is 2 5 4 m X 8 4 m, so the opening length X in the figure is 2 4 4 ⁇ ⁇ 7 4 i in The thing of was used.
• the copper ballad plating consists of a copper plating layer Z, a thin silver plating layer Z, and a surface copper plating layer, and the total thickness of the plating layer was about 200 ⁇ m.
• the copper plating surface is mirror-polished, and the blasting device (Co., Ltd.) Using Zirconia Abyss "TZ-SX-17" (trade name, average particle size 20 m) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, using 8 gZcm 2 of beads (surface area of roll 1).
• blasting amount used per cm 2 , hereinafter referred to as “blasting amount”), blasting pressure 0.25 MPa (gauge pressure, the same shall apply hereinafter), distance from the nozzle for spraying fine particles to the metal surface 30 Omm (hereinafter referred to as “blasting distance”) ) And blasted to make the surface uneven.
• Etching was performed on the obtained concavo-convex copper-plated iron roll with an aqueous cupric chloride solution. The etching amount at that time was set to 4 m. After that, chrome plating was performed to produce a metal mold. At this time, the chrome plating thickness was set to 4 / m. The resulting mold had a surface picker hardness of 1,000.
• a photocurable resin composition “GRANDIC 806T” (trade name) manufactured by Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd. was dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain a 50% by weight solution, and a photopolymerization initiator was used.
• a coating solution was prepared by adding 5 parts by weight of a certain “Lucirin TPO” (manufactured by BASF, chemical name: 2, 4, 6-trimethyl benzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide) per 100 parts by weight of the curable resin component. .
• This coating solution was applied on an 80 m thick triacetylcellulose (TAC) film so that the coating thickness after drying was 5 / m, and dried for 3 minutes in a drier set to 6.
• TAC triacetylcellulose
• the dried film was brought into close contact with the uneven surface of the metal mold produced above with a rubber roll so that the photocurable resin composition layer was on the mold side.
• light from a high-pressure mercury lamp with an intensity of 20 mW / cm 2 is irradiated from the TAC film side so that the amount of light in terms of h-line is 20 OmJ / cm 2 to cure the photocurable resin composition layer. It was. Thereafter, the TAC film was peeled off from the mold together with the cured resin to obtain a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of the cured resin having irregularities on the surface and the TAC film.
• the resulting anti-glare film was evaluated by the above-mentioned methods for optical properties, uneven surface shape, and anti-glare performance, and the results were made into a mold! 3 ⁇ 4
• the conditions are shown in Table 1.
• the scattering characteristics of reflected light obtained during reflectance measurement (reflection profile graph) Fig. 10 shows the altitude histogram in Fig. 11.
• the breakdown of reflected and transmitted sharpness in Table 1 is as follows. Reflected sharpness Transparent sharpness
• the blast pressure at the time of mold production was changed as shown in Table 1, and the others were the same as in Example 1 to produce a metal mold having irregularities on the surface.
• the obtained mold had a surface Vickers hardness of 1,000.
• a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities on the surface and a TAC film was produced.
• the optical properties, surface shape, and antiglare performance of the obtained antiglare film are shown in Table 1 together with the mold preparation conditions.
• (A) summarizes the mold preparation conditions and the optical properties of the antiglare film
• (B) summarizes the surface shape and antiglare performance of the antiglare film.
• Example 2 For Examples 2 and 3, a graph of the reflection profile of the antiglare film is shown in FIG. 10 together with the result of Example 1, and a histogram of the altitude is shown in FIG. 11 together with the result of Example 1.
• the reflection profile graph of the antiglare film is shown in FIG. 12, and the altitude histogram is shown in FIG.
• Example 4 The roll surface is blasted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blast pressure during mold production is changed to 0.3 MPa and the blast distance is changed to 4500 thighs, and then the uneven shape is blunted.
• a copper mold was used as the metal plating, the plating thickness at that time was set to 8 m, and the others were made in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a metal mold having irregularities on the surface.
• the obtained mold had a surface Vickers hardness of 1, 0 0 0 0.
• a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities on the surface and a TAC film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
• the optical properties, surface shape, and antiglare performance of the obtained antiglare film are shown in Table 1 together with the mold preparation conditions.
• a graph of the reflection profile of the anti-glare film is shown in Fig. 12 together with the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2
• an altitude histogram is shown in Fig. 13 together with the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
• Comparative Example 1 is sufficient because the regular reflectance R (3 0) is higher than 0.2% and R (40) is lower than 0.0 0 5%. No antiglare property was exhibited.
• the specular reflectance R (3 0) force was less than 0.04%, and the whiteness was severe.
• Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not satisfy some of the other requirements defined in the present invention, and as a result, they did not have the performance of low haze while exhibiting sufficient antiglare properties.
• the samples of Examples 1 to 4 whose reflection profile and surface shape satisfy the provisions of the present invention were excellent in that no reflection was observed, little whiteness was observed, and no glare was observed. The antiglare performance was exhibited. [Comparative Examples 3 and 4]
• the fine particles used for blasting were changed to Tosoichi Co., Ltd. Zirconia Beads "TZ-B125" (trade name, average particle size 1 2 5 m), blasting amount, blast pressure, blasting distance, and The processing for dulling the surface shape was as shown in Table 2, and the other processes were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a metal mold having irregularities on the surface. All of the obtained molds had a surface picker hardness of 1,00,00. Using each mold, in the same manner as in Example 1, a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities on the surface and a TAC film was produced.
• the optical properties, surface shape, and antiglare performance of the obtained antiglare film are shown in Table 2 together with the mold preparation conditions.
• Table 2 (A) summarizes the mold preparation conditions and the optical properties of the antiglare film, and (B) summarizes the surface shape and antiglare performance of the antiglare film.
• Figure 14 shows the reflection profile graph of the antiglare film, and Figure 15 shows the elevation histogram.
• Comparative Examples 3 and 4 did not satisfy the requirements defined in the present invention. Reflection was observed in Comparative Example 3, and a high level of glare and a decrease in texture were observed in Comparative Example 4.
• the surface of a 300-diameter aluminum roll (A5056 by JIS) was mirror-polished.
• the same zirconia beads “TZ-SX-17” as used in Example 1 were blasted at 8 g / cm 2 , blast pressure 0.1 MPa, Blasting distance was 4 5 O imn and the surface was uneven.
• the resulting rugged aluminum roll was electrolessly bright nickel plated under two conditions to produce a metal mold.
• the plating thickness was measured using a three-wire film thickness measuring instrument (trade name “Fischer IScope MMS”, obtained from Fisher Instrument Co., Ltd.) after plating.
• Example 2 Using these molds, in the same manner as in Example 1, a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities on the surface and a TAC film was produced.
• Table 3 shows the optical characteristics, surface shape, and antiglare performance of the resulting antiglare film, along with the electroless nickel plating thickness during mold fabrication.
• (A) summarizes the mold preparation conditions and the optical properties of the antiglare film
• (B) summarizes the surface shape and antiglare performance of the antiglare film.
• the reflection profile of this antiglare film is shown in Figure 16 and the altitude histogram is shown in Figure 17.
• the antiglare film of Comparative Example 12 satisfied the provisions of the present invention in R (30), R (40) and R (50), but did not satisfy other requirements. As a result, it did not have all of the sufficient reflection prevention, low haze, whitening prevention, and glare prevention. From the above results, it was found that having the requirements defined in the present invention in a well-balanced manner is necessary to achieve the optical characteristics intended by the present invention. Industrial applicability
• the anti-glare film of the present invention has excellent anti-glare performance, such as low haze, low brightness, and suppression of whitish and glare while exhibiting sufficient anti-reflection and anti-reflection performance. It will be. And the image display apparatus which has arrange
• the antiglare film of the present invention By disposing the antiglare film of the present invention on various displays such as liquid crystal panels, plasma display panels, CRT displays, and organic EL displays so that the antiglare film is closer to the viewing side than the image display element, It is possible to blur the reflected image without causing a flicker and a glare, and give excellent visibility.

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