WO2007043253A1 - 酵母及びl-乳酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
酵母及びl-乳酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007043253A1 WO2007043253A1 PCT/JP2006/317446 JP2006317446W WO2007043253A1 WO 2007043253 A1 WO2007043253 A1 WO 2007043253A1 JP 2006317446 W JP2006317446 W JP 2006317446W WO 2007043253 A1 WO2007043253 A1 WO 2007043253A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/56—Lactic acid
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- the present invention relates to a method for producing L-lactic acid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a yeast into which a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase has been introduced. The present invention also relates to a method for producing L-lactic acid, comprising culturing yeast into which a gene encoding L-lactic acid dehydrogenase has been introduced.
- Lactic acid which is a raw material for polylactic acid, has been conventionally produced by culturing microorganisms collectively referred to as V, so-called lactic acid bacteria.
- Lactic acid bacteria are represented by the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Lactococcus. These lactic acid bacteria are excellent in the yield of lactic acid from sugar! /, But have low resistance to acid. Therefore, in order to accumulate a large amount of lactic acid, which is an acidic substance, calcium carbonate and hydroxide Cultivation must be carried out while neutralizing with an alkali such as ammonium or sodium hydroxide.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-204464 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-204468
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2001-516584
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-93060
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-259878
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-006271
- Non-Patent Document 1 Daniguchi Porro et al .: “Biotech nol.Prog”, 11: p294—298 (1955)
- Non-Patent Document 2 Danilo Porro et al: “Applied and Environmental Microbiology;”, 65 (9): ⁇ 42 11 -4211 (1999)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Satoshi Saitoh et al .: "Applied and Environmental Microbiology", 71 (5): p2789-2792 (2005)
- the present invention is a yeast into which a gene encoding an L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe is introduced.
- the present invention is preferably a yeast into which a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human (Homo sapiens) or Xenopus 1 aevis has been introduced.
- the present invention preferably, (1) A fermented mother introduced with a gene coding for L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or rival, part of the DNA sequence of the wild-type PDR13 gene is mutated by deletion, insertion or substitution A yeast having a mutant PDR13 gene comprising a DNA sequence into which a part of the protein encoded by the gene is translated,
- the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase exhibits a temperature sensitivity in which intracellular alcohol dehydrogenase activity disappears or decreases by changing the culture temperature, or
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a method for preparing a PCR fragment for chromosomal introduction of Lldh gene used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a construction diagram of plasmid pTRS 11, which is an example of an expression plasmid used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of plasmid pTRS57, which is an example of an expression plasmid used in the present invention.
- the present invention is a yeast into which a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-Idh gene) derived from human or ripe is introduced.
- L-Idh gene L-lactate dehydrogenase
- the L ldh gene is a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
- L-lactate dehydrogenase used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is derived from humans or rikiru.
- the human origin is the L-ldh gene derived from Homo sapiens, and those derived from the power frog are Rhacophoridae, Ranacoae, Ranaidae, Hylaidae, Hydraidae ( Microhylidae), toad (Bufonidae), Hyperoliidae, Pelobatinae, Discoglossidae, and Pipidae L-ldh genes.
- the L-ldh gene is preferred.
- LdhA gene There are three known isoforms, LdhA gene, ldhB gene, and ldhC gene, which encode L lactate dehydrogenase (L ldh gene) derived from humans or L.
- L ldh gene L lactate dehydrogenase derived from humans or L.
- the power that can be used in any case is preferably the ldhA gene.
- the gene encoding the human-derived L-lactic acid dehydrogenase of the present invention is preferably an L ldh gene having the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the gene encoding the L-lactic acid dehydrogenase derived from the force L of the present invention is preferably a L ldh gene having the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the gene encoding the L-lactic acid dehydrogenase derived from humans or L. of the present invention includes genetic polymorphisms and mutated genes caused by mutagenesis.
- genetic polymorphism means that the base sequence of a gene is partially changed due to a natural mutation on the gene.
- Mutagenesis is the artificial mutation of genes. It means introducing. Mutagenesis includes, for example, a method using a site-directed mutagenesis kit (Mutan-K (Takarabio), or a random mutagenesis kit (BD Diversify PCR R andom Mutagenesis (CLONTECH)). There is.
- the L-ldh gene derived from human or force L used in the present invention encodes a protein having an activity of converting NADH and pyruvate into NAD + and L-lactic acid, it is included in a part of the nucleotide sequence. It does not matter if there is a deletion or insertion.
- the yeast into which the gene encoding the L-lactic acid dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe L of the present invention preferably has a mutant gene, so that the yield to sugar can be increased. L-lactic acid can be produced.
- the yeast into which the gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-ldh gene) derived from human or ripe L of the present invention is preferably deleted is part of the DNA sequence of the wild type PDR13 gene.
- the base sequence of the wild-type PDR13 gene of the present invention is preferably a gene consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 64.
- the mutant PDR13 gene is preferably a yeast having a gene consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22.
- the yeast into which the gene encoding the L-lactic acid dehydrogenase derived from humans or husks of the present invention is preferably a yeast that partially produces PDR13 protein.
- Yeasts that partially produce PDR13 protein have a mutant PDR13 gene in which a mutation occurs in the gene that codes for PDR13 protein. Examples of the mutation include a mutation in which a part of chromosomal DNA encoding the yeast PDR13 protein is deleted, and a mutation in which one or more amino acids are deleted or substituted in the amino acid sequence of the protein. .
- a part of the chromosomal DNA encoding the PDR13 protein is deficient means that at least 39 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side in the base sequence of the chromosomal DNA. Mention may be made of mutant DNA having mutations that cannot be translated. In the amino acid sequence of the PDR13 protein, a mutation in which at least 39 amino acids on the C-terminal side are deleted is PDR1
- Site-directed mutagenesis includes a mutagenesis method using a site-specific mutagenesis kit (Mutan-K (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.)), but the mutagenesis method in the present invention is limited to this. It ’s not something that ’s done.
- the yeast into which the gene (L-ldh gene) encoding the L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe L of the present invention has been introduced is preferably the amino acid sequence of wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase.
- the yeast into which the gene encoding the L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from humans or L. of the present invention (L-ldh gene) is preferably introduced is that the wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase has a culture temperature. It is a yeast that exhibits temperature sensitivity in which intracellular alcohol dehydrogenase activity disappears or decreases by changing.
- alcohol dehydrogenase is a protein having an activity of converting acetoaldehyde to ethanol.
- Yeast has multiple isomers as genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase.
- ADH1, ADH2, ADH3, AD H4 are the isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase genes registered in the Saccharomyces Genome Database.
- ADH5, ADH6, ADH7, etc. are known. Of these, it is preferable to use the ADH1 gene! /.
- the yeast into which the gene (L-ldh gene) encoding the L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe L of the present invention is preferably introduced is the gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 1.
- a part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding wild-type pyruvate decarboxylase 5 A yeast having a mutant pyruvate decarboxylase 5 gene consisting of a deletion, insertion, substitution, and Z or added nucleotide sequence.
- the yeast into which the gene (L-ldh gene) encoding the L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe L of the present invention has been introduced is preferably one in which the PDC1 gene has been deleted. .
- the PDC1 gene has been deleted.
- pyruvate decarboxylase activity is reduced compared to the wild type PDC1 gene. It is known that deletion of both the PDC1 gene and the PDC5 gene can further reduce pyruvate decarboxylase activity, but extremely poor growth in a medium containing glucose.
- pyruvate decarboxylase activity derived from the PDC5 gene can be moderately reduced, and the metabolic pathway to yeast ethanol is controlled. It will be possible.
- the yeast of the present invention is preferably one in which the specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase in the yeast cell is reduced to 1/3 or less of the specific activity in the wild-type yeast cell.
- the specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast cells can be reduced to one-third or less of the specific activity of wild-type yeast by deleting the PDC1 gene.
- the specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast cells can be measured by the method described below.
- the yeast used in the present invention is not limited as long as it is a yeast into which an L-ldh gene derived from human or L. can be introduced, but the genus Saccharomyces and the genus Schizosaccharomyces are Examples include yeast power belonging to the genus Kluyveromyces. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preferable, and specifically, NBRC10505 strain and NBRC10506 strain are preferable.
- the method for producing the yeast of the present invention will be described more specifically, but the method for producing the yeast of the present invention can be carried out by various methods. First, each method used to create yeast will be described.
- Cloning of the target gene can be achieved by using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method to amplify the necessary genetic region based on known gene information, homology or enzyme from genomic libraries or cDNA libraries. For example, a method of crawling using activity as an index. In addition, based on known protein information, Synthetic methods are also possible.
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- a plasmid into which the cloned target gene is inserted a plasmid generally used in yeast can be used. Plasmids that are widely used in yeast have sequences necessary for autonomous replication in yeast cells, sequences required for autonomous replication in E. coli cells, yeast selection markers, and E. coli selection markers. . In addition, it is desirable that the expression plasmid for expressing the incorporated target gene also has a so-called regulatory sequence such as an operator, a promoter, a terminator, or an enhancer that regulates the expression of the target gene.
- sequences necessary for autonomous replication in yeast cells are, for example, the yeast independent replication origin (ARS1) and a set of centromeric sequences or the replication origin of a 2 m plasmid in yeast.
- the sequence necessary for replication is, for example, the ColEl replication origin of E. coli.
- yeast selection markers include auxotrophic complementary genes such as URA3, LEU2, TRP1, and HIS3, or drug resistance genes such as G418 resistance gene or neomycin resistance gene.
- selection markers for E. coli include antibiotic resistance genes such as ampicillin resistance gene or force namycin resistance gene.
- the regulatory sequence is not particularly limited as long as it is a sequence capable of expressing the target gene, but is known to be highly expressed in the yeast! /, Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Examples include the promoter and terminator region of genes encoding triose phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), cytochrome C1 (CYC1), and the like.
- ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase
- TDH triose phosphate dehydrogenase
- PDC pyruvate decarboxylase
- CYC1 cytochrome C1
- the expression plasmid is not limited to these.
- Methods for introducing DNA such as the above plasmid, expression plasmid, linearized plasmid, linearized expression plasmid, PCR fragment, etc. into yeast include transformation, transduction, transformation, co-transfusion. And, for example, a method using lithium acetate (“Journal of bacteriology”, 1983, 153 ⁇ , pl63-168) and a protoplast method ( Satoshi Harashima et al., “Molecular Cell Biology”, 1984, 4 ⁇ , p771-77 8), etc. In addition, ALKALI CATION YE AST manufactured by BIO 101 It can also be carried out using TRANSFORMATION KIT etc. Among these, in the present invention, A method using a lithium acetate method is preferable, but is not limited thereto.
- the method of culturing transformed yeast obtained by the above-described transformation method is described in, for example, "Methods in Yeast Genetics, 1990, MD Rose et al.” Any known method can be applied.
- the selection medium may be any medium as long as it does not contain a nutrient corresponding to the marker gene used as an indicator for introduction of the plasmid, expression plasmid, and PCR fragment.
- a medium containing the following thread and strain Yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (DIr 1 manufactured by O Company) 0.67%, glucose 2.0%, dropout mixture from which the marker gene is removed (see above) V, the force that can be used in the medium described in “Methods in Yeast Genetics”), but is not limited to this.
- auxotrophic marker genes such as URA3, LEU2, TRP1, HIS3 (“Methods in Enzymology”, 101 ⁇ , p.202-211, G-418) and drug metabolites (“ Gene ”, 1083, 26 ⁇ , p 243-253) is not limited to this.
- the method of introducing the L-ldh gene derived from a human or ripe L of the present invention into yeast is, for example, by cloning an L-ldh gene derived from a human or ripe L and using an expression plasmid incorporating the clawed gene.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, a method of transforming yeast and a method of inserting the cloned gene into a target site on a chromosome by homologous recombination.
- a plasmid capable of expressing the gene By introducing an L-ldh gene derived from human or r. Elegans downstream of the above expression plasmid promoter, a plasmid capable of expressing the gene can be obtained. By transforming yeast with the obtained L-ldh gene expression plasmid derived from human or frog, the yeast can be introduced into L-ldh gene derived from human or frog.
- the yeast of the present invention is preferably a yeast in which a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase has been introduced in a state in which it can be expressed downstream of the pyruvate decarboxylase 1 gene promoter on the chromosome. is there.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- PCR fragment preferably contains a yeast selection marker.
- PCR fragment used here can be prepared, for example, by the following steps (1) to (3), steps 1 to 3.
- Figure 1 shows the outline.
- Step 1 A plasmid in which a terminator is connected downstream of an L-ldh gene derived from a human or a strain of L is used as a saddle, and primers 1 and 2 are used as a set. -Fragment containing ldh gene and terminator is amplified by PCR. Primer 1 is designed to add a homologous sequence of 40 bp or more upstream of the target site, and Primer 1 is designed based on a sequence derived from a plasmid downstream from Terminator 1. Preferably, the sequence homologous upstream of the target site to be added to primer 1 is a sequence homologous upstream of the PDC1 gene.
- Step 2 A fragment containing a yeast selection marker is amplified by PCR using a plasmid having a yeast selection marker, for example, pRS424, pRS426, etc. as a saddle and using primers 3 and 4 as a set.
- Primer 3 is designed so that 30 bp or more of the sequence homologous to the sequence downstream of the PCR fragment terminator 1 in Step 1 is added.
- Primer 4 has a sequence of 40 bp homologous downstream of the target site. Design to add the above.
- the sequence homologous downstream of the target site to be added to primer 4 is a sequence homologous downstream of the PDC1 gene.
- Step 3 The PCR fragment obtained in Steps 1 and 2 is mixed into a saddle shape, and PCR is performed with primers 1 and 4 as a set, so that both ends are upstream of the target site of introduction.
- a PCR fragment containing the human- or L-derived L-ldh gene, terminine and a yeast selectable marker, to which a homologous sequence is added on both sides is obtained.
- the PCR fragment Is a PCR fragment containing an L-ldh gene, terminator and marker gene derived from human or r. Elegans having homologous sequences added upstream and downstream of the PDC1 gene at both ends.
- L-lactic acid can be produced in the culture medium by culturing the yeast into which the L-ldh gene derived from human or ripe L of the present invention has been introduced.
- L-lactic acid can be produced in the medium by the above-described transformed yeast culture method.
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity refers to the activity of converting pyruvate and NADH into L-lactic acid and NAD +. L-Lactate dehydrogenase activity may be compared using specific activity as an index.
- a yeast having the same L-ldh gene introduction method and genetic background is cultured under the same conditions, and the change in absorbance at 340 nm due to the decrease in NADH is measured using a protein that has also been cultured.
- the specific activity of L-lactate dehydrogenase is expressed by Equation 1 by defining the amount of enzyme that reduces 1 ⁇ mol of NADH per minute at room temperature as 1 unit.
- ⁇ 340 is the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm per minute
- 6.22 is the NADH molar extinction coefficient.
- the creation method is
- [1] A method for selecting a yeast having an improved lactic acid production ability from a parent strain of a genetically modified yeast library in which an insertion mutation has been made by transposon on the chromosomal DNA of yeast, [2] A method for producing a yeast deficient in a part of the gene encoding PDR13 protein using a homologous recombination method, and the like, and
- the parent strain referred to in the above method [1] refers to the original strain subjected to the above gene mutation treatment, and even if the parent strain is a wild-type yeast, an industrially useful modified mutation is provided. Yeast, cell fusion yeast, or recombinant yeast produced using genetic recombination technology.
- the gene mutation library of [1] is prepared by using the transposon sequence provided using the Yeast mTn Plasmid Collection (manufactured by Open Biosystems).
- a method of constructing a gene mutation library by preparing a DNA fragment with a transposon sequence inserted by restriction enzyme treatment from the inserted genome library and then introducing the DNA fragment into chromosomal DNA by homologous recombination twice. It is done.
- the library described above cultivated transformed yeast obtained by introducing an expression plasmid of a gene encoding a lactic acid synthase into each strain of the library. And a method for quantifying the produced lactic acid. It is considered that the more lactic acid accumulates as the culture time elapses, the more lactic acid is produced.
- a yeast introduced with the L-ldh gene can be used as a parent strain.
- the type of L ldh to be introduced is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a L-ldh gene derived from a human, L. or Ushi having the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3. Can do.
- FIG. 3 shows the structure of L-Ldh expression plasmid pTRS57 derived from ushi used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a construction diagram of plasmid pTRSll used in the present invention.
- the expression pattern of the L-ldh gene is not particularly limited as long as the gene is linked under the control of a promoter capable of expressing the gene, such as expression by introduction into a chromosome or expression by a plasmid. .
- a promoter capable of expressing the gene such as expression by introduction into a chromosome or expression by a plasmid.
- the multi-copy expression plasmid pTRS57 linked to pRS426 and the human L-Ldh gene linked to pTRS 11 are linked to the structure of the L-Ldh gene derived from ushi.
- a linked multicopy expression plasmid PTRS48 may be mentioned.
- PTRS57 was introduced into each of the strains of the library according to a conventional method to produce transformed yeast, and the amount of lactic acid produced by culturing the transformed yeast and the parent strain subjected to transformation was measured. By doing so, it is possible to select a yeast having an improved lactic acid production capacity from the parent strain.
- the culture of the transformed yeast having PTRS57 is not particularly limited as long as it is a culture method that expresses L-lactate dehydrogenase, but can be performed by the transformed yeast culture method.
- the concentration of lactic acid in the culture solution can be quantified by a method using HPLC.
- the culture solution is centrifuged to prepare a culture supernatant, and the supernatant is used as an analysis sample to measure the electrical conductivity using an anion exchange column for lactic acid analysis. Measure.
- Yeast with improved lactic acid production ability obtained by the above method includes insertion of a transposon DNA fragment into a gene encoding PDR13 protein (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PDR13 gene) on chromosomal DNA. Hold Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a force of 21 and a force of 21 e
- a yeast capable of homologous recombination on a chromosome by linear DNA is used.
- the method to be used can be mentioned.
- the linear DNA include linear DNA in which DNA having homology with the sequence in or near the PDR13 gene is arranged at both ends of the TRP1 gene.
- a PDR13 gene part-deficient yeast is prepared. Can do.
- the yeast of the present invention preferably has a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase consisting of an amino acid sequence in which a part of the amino acid sequence of wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase is substituted, deleted, inserted and Z or added. It is a yeast, and the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase exhibits temperature sensitivity in which intracellular alcohol dehydrogenase activity disappears or decreases by changing the culture temperature.
- the yeast of the present invention is more preferably mutated by substitution, deletion, insertion and Z or addition of one to several amino acids of some amino acids of the amino acid sequence of wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase. It has a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase that also has amino acid sequence ability.
- substitution, deletion, insertion, and addition mutations may be any single mutation or a combination of these.
- the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase the primary amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 39 is preferred, wherein the mutant form of wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase encoded by the ADH1 gene is preferred. More preferably, it is a mutant type of wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase 1 consisting of a series. In addition, in the amino acid sequence of wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase 1 shown in SEQ ID NO: 39, one to several amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and Z or added. It is also more preferable that the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase has an amino acid sequence ability.
- a preferred mutant alcohol dehydrogenase possessed by the yeast of the present invention is a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, or SEQ ID NO: 42.
- the temperature sensitivity of the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase possessed by the yeast of the present invention refers to the yeast strength S having a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase and a certain culture temperature compared to yeast having a wild type alcohol dehydrogenase. Shows the same level of alcohol dehydrogenase activity, but shows a property that the alcohol dehydrogenase activity disappears or decreases when the culture temperature is changed to a specific culture temperature or higher. Yeast is susceptible to observation by observing the growth rate on a sugar-containing medium because the ability of assimilation of sugar decreases when the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase decreases in the cell, and the growth rate on a sugar-containing medium is significantly slowed down.
- the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase exhibits temperature sensitivity at a culture temperature of 30 degrees Celsius or higher, more preferably 32 degrees Celsius or higher, and even more preferably 34 degrees Celsius or higher.
- yeast lacking the wild type ADH1 gene is prepared. Deletion can be performed by the deletion method of the target gene.
- the AD HI locus responsible for the main alcohol activity in cells is deleted, the ability to assimilate glucose-containing sugars is reduced, and the growth rate on a sugar-containing medium is significantly slowed.
- yeast with the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene will not grow. Therefore, negative screening of yeast introduced with the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene becomes possible.
- the transformant is cultured at 25 degrees Celsius, and the grown yeast is confirmed to grow on a glucose-containing medium at 30 degrees, 34 degrees, and 37 degrees Celsius, and is sensitive to each temperature.
- the culture temperature is not limited to this.
- Methods for producing temperature-sensitive mutant yeast include natural field screening, treatment with drugs such as nitrosoguanidine and ethylmethanesulfonate, methods using mutations such as ultraviolet irradiation, and genetic engineering using PCR reactions. There is a method.
- mutant ADH1 gene For the introduction of the mutant ADH1 gene thus obtained, a gap repair method ("Yeast Molecular Genetics Experimental Method", Society Press Center, 1996), that is, a mutant ADH1 gene DNA fragment, and When the ADH1 gene is cloned in a self-replicating plasmid and cloned into a yeast cell at the same time, the mutant ADH1 gene DNA fragment is homologous to both ends of the deletion. It is possible to utilize the fact that homologous recombination occurs in the sex sequence, repair of the deletion is performed, and at the same time, the plasmid is closed and the autonomous replication ability is restored.
- the mutagenesis target region DNA obtained by cleaving the plasmid cloning the ADH1 gene with an appropriate restriction enzyme is deleted. Randomly introduced into the ADH1 gene region using an appropriate primer and a fragment amplified while introducing random mutations, and simultaneously introduced into yeast lacking ADH1 A circular plasmid in which the mutant ADH1 gene into which the mutation has been introduced is cloned is obtained.
- a plasmid used for mutagenesis by the gap repair method a plasmid generally used in the above yeast can be used.
- a plasmid having a low copy number in yeast cells such as YCp50, pRS315, pRS316, pAUR112 or pAUR123, can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the ADH1 gene region to be introduced has so-called regulatory sequences such as an operator, a promoter, a terminator, and an enhancer that regulate the expression of the gene present in the upstream and downstream regions of the gene. It is preferable to include it. In this way, a temperature-sensitive mutant AD HI gene cloned in a plasmid can be prepared.
- the plasmid obtained by cloning the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene obtained above is obtained from the transformed yeast.
- the acquisition method is not particularly limited, and a commercially available yeast plasmid recovery kit such as YEASTMAKER Yeast Plasmid Isolation Kit (Clontech) can be used.
- the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase is determined by considering the conditions of temperature and pH to be measured in consideration of the environment in which each alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme catalyzes the reaction, and the substrate affinity for ethanol under that condition. It can be evaluated by measuring. For example, the enzymatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase encoded by the ADH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a culture temperature of 34 degrees Celsius is measured using a culture disruption obtained at a culture temperature of 34 degrees Celsius. Adjust the pH to 8.8 using Tris-HCl buffer and measure the substrate as ethanol in an environment where the reaction temperature is 30 degrees Celsius.
- the activity is the wavelength that results from the reduction reaction of ethanolic nicotinamide dinutaleotide (NAD +) to reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH), which occurs simultaneously with the ethanolic reaction of ethanol with acetaldehyde. It can be evaluated by observing the absorbance change at 340 nm.
- the specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase can be expressed by equation (2) by defining the amount of enzyme that reduces 1 ⁇ mol of NADH per minute at room temperature as 1 unit.
- ⁇ 340 ⁇ is the decrease in absorbance at a wavelength of 340 nm per minute
- 6.22 is the NADH molecular extinction coefficient of NADH at an optical path length of 1 cm.
- Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was measured under the same conditions for the disrupted solution of mutant yeast cells and wild-type yeast cells of the present invention cultured at each culture temperature, and the ratio of alcohol dehydrogenase calculated was calculated. By comparing the activities, the temperature sensitivity of the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase at the culture temperature can be evaluated.
- a yeast into which a gene (L-ldh gene) encoding an L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or r. Elegans has been introduced, comprising wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase A mutant alcohol dehydrogenase comprising a part of the amino acid sequence of the amino acid sequence substituted, deleted, inserted and Z or added, and the mutant alcohol dehydrogenase It is possible to produce yeast showing temperature sensitivity in which intracellular alcohol dehydrogenase activity disappears or decreases by changing the culture temperature.
- Yeast pyruvate decarboxylase-encoding genes include a gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 1 (PDC1 gene) and a gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 5 (PDC5 gene). And three types of genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 6 (PDC 6 gene) are known. Among these, genes having a main function as pyruvate decarboxylase are PDC1 gene and PDC5 gene.
- the yeast of the present invention is preferably a variant in which the PDC1 gene is deleted and a part of the base sequence of the wild-type PDC5 gene is deleted, inserted, substituted, and also has a Z or added base sequence ability. It has PDC5 gene.
- the partial base deletion, insertion, substitution, and Z or addition mutation may be any single mutation or a combination thereof.
- the yeast of the present invention is a gene in which the base sequence of the gene encoding wild-type pyruvate decarboxylase 5 consists of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 51.
- the mutant PDC5 gene possessed by the yeast of the present invention is preferably a mutant of the wild-type PDC5 gene comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 51.
- the gene encoding mutant pyruvate decarboxylase 5 is a gene having the nucleotide sequence shown in either SEQ ID NO: 52 or 53.
- the mutant pyruvate decarboxylase 5 possessed by the yeast of the present invention is preferably temperature sensitive.
- the temperature sensitivity of pyruvate decarboxylase 5 is similar to that of yeast with mutant pyruvate decarboxylase 5 at a certain culture temperature compared to yeast with wild type pyruvate decarboxylase 5. It exhibits pyruvate decarboxylase activity, but it has the property that pyruvate decarboxylase 5 disappears or decreases when the culture temperature is changed to a specific culture temperature or higher! ⁇ ⁇ .
- mutant pyruvate decarboxylase 5 is a yeast that exhibits temperature sensitivity at 34 degrees Celsius or higher. [0091] Mutation is introduced into the PDC5 gene by modifying the DNA sequence of the PDC5 gene by a commonly used method.
- the yeast with reduced enzyme activity can also be obtained by the method of preparing the ADH1 gene or a mutant having temperature sensitivity from these mutant strains.
- Yeast in which pyruvate decarboxylase activity is not detected is significantly slowed down when glucose is the only carbon source. Utilizing this property, when pyruvate decarboxylase yeast with reduced enzyme activity is produced, pyruvate decarboxylase activity remains under non-restricted temperature conditions, and therefore exhibits growth ability comparable to that of wild-type yeast.
- a mutant PDC5 gene having a desired drought temperature sensitivity can be obtained by preparing a mutant strain in which the growth ability is remarkably reduced by reducing the enzyme activity under the restriction temperature condition.
- the method for producing A pdcl A pdc5 double-deletion yeast can be carried out by the above-described method for deleting a target gene, but is not limited thereto. If the yeast belongs to the genus Saccharomyces, the Apdcl single deletion strain and the A pdc5 single deletion strain are prepared using the method of deletion of the target gene, and a tetramolecular separation method from these diploids. A pdcl A pdc5 double deletion yeast can also be prepared by
- a mutant PDC5 gene can be obtained by a method using a random mutation introduction kit BD Diversify PCR Random Mutagenesis Kit (CLONTECH).
- the mutant PDC5 gene thus obtained can be introduced by using the same gap repair method as described above ("Yeast Molecular Genetics Experimental Method", Academic Publishing Center, 1996). .
- a mutant PDC5 gene DNA fragment and a plasmid capable of autonomous replication that clones the PDC5 gene, deleted and linearized in the PDC5 gene are simultaneously introduced into the A pdcl A pdc5 double deletion yeast.
- a circular plasmid in which a mutant PDC5 gene having a random mutation introduced into the target region for mutagenesis is cloned is obtained.
- a pdcl-modified pdc5 yeast having a mutant PCD5 gene and lacking the PDC1 gene will be described.
- the plasmid obtained by cloning the mutant PDC5 gene obtained above is obtained from the transformed yeast.
- the acquisition method is not particularly limited, but a commercially available yeast plasmid recovery kit such as YEASTMAKER Yeast Plasmid Isolation Kit (Clontech) can be used.
- the PDC5 gene sequence of the obtained plasmid was deleted and linearized with a restriction enzyme that does not cut, and was prepared as described above.
- ⁇ pdcl ⁇ pdc5 The target ⁇ pdcl modified pdc5 yeast can be obtained by transforming the double deletion yeast.
- the specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase was measured on the crushed material obtained by culturing each transformed cell obtained by the gap repair method, It can be selected as an indicator that it is changed compared to yeast having type PDC5 gene.
- Selection of a transformed yeast cell having a mutant PDC5 gene having a reduced specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase compared to a yeast having a wild-type PDC5 gene is carried out by selecting the pyruvin of a yeast having a mutant PDC5 gene. This can be performed by measuring the specific activity of acid decarboxylase and selecting cells having a decreased specific enzyme activity compared to yeast having the wild type PDC5 gene. Alternatively, a more preferable yeast can be selected by selecting a transformed yeast in which the mutant PDC5 gene exhibits temperature sensitivity.
- Transformation of the plasmid obtained by cloning the mutant PDC5 gene obtained above Obtain from yeast.
- the acquisition method is not particularly limited, and a commercially available yeast plasmid recovery kit such as YEASTMAKER Yeast Plasmid Isolation Kit (Clontech) can be used.
- the PDC5 locus Recombination occurs in the homologous region between the DNA sequence adjacent to the DNA sequence of the linear plasmid and the marker gene used when PDC5 is deleted is replaced with the mutant PDC5 gene, and the target A pdcl modified P dc5 yeast can be obtained.
- This can be done by applying the “pop-in-Zpop-out method” (described in “Methods in Enzymology”, 1987, 154, p. 164–174).
- pyruvate decarboxylase activity in yeast cells can be compared using specific activity as an index. That is, the protein extracted from the yeast force cultured under the same conditions is used to measure the change in absorbance at a wavelength of 340 nm accompanying the decrease in NADH using the extract. At that time, the amount of enzyme that reduces 1 / z mol of NADH per minute at 30 ° C By defining the unit (Unit), the specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase can be expressed by the following Equation 3. Where ⁇ is the decrease in absorbance at a wavelength of 340 nm per minute, 6.2
- 2 is the molar molecular extinction coefficient of NADH at an optical path length of 1 cm. Measurement can be performed under the same conditions, and the enzyme activity can be compared based on the calculated specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase.
- Enzyme solution concentration (mg / ml)
- Enzyme solution volume (ml)
- X Optical path length (cm)
- yeast into which a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or Xenopus laevis has been introduced, and a gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 1 And a part of the base sequence of the gene encoding wild type pyruvate decarboxylase 5 is deleted, inserted, substituted, and mutated pyruvate decarboxylase 5 gene consisting of a base sequence added or Can be produced.
- the present invention is a yeast into which a gene encoding an L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from humans or r. Elegans has been introduced. At least any one of the following features (1) to (3): Also included are yeasts with more than one characteristic.
- a fermented mother introduced with a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or R. elegans, wherein a part of the DNA sequence of the wild-type PDR13 gene is deleted, inserted or substituted
- a yeast having a mutant PDR13 gene comprising a DNA sequence that is mutated and a part of the protein encoded by the gene is translated;
- a yeast exhibiting temperature sensitivity at which the alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the cell disappears or decreases by changing the culture temperature
- it can be prepared by using a yeast having one mutant gene as a parent strain and using the method for producing a yeast having another mutant gene disclosed above. More specifically, for example, when preparing a yeast having a mutant PDR13 and a mutant ADH1 gene, if a yeast having a mutant PDR13 gene is used as a parent strain and a yeast having a mutant ADH1 gene is prepared, the mutant Yeast having both type PDR13 and mutant ADH1 gene can be produced. Other combinations of mutant genes can be prepared in the same manner.
- the yeast belongs to the genus Saccharomyces, it can also be prepared by a tetramolecular separation method from a diploid obtained by joining yeasts having each mutant gene. Specifically, for example, when preparing a yeast having a mutant PDR13 and a mutant ADH1 gene, a tetrad is separated from a diploid obtained by joining a yeast having a mutant PDR13 and a yeast having a mutant ADH1 gene. By the method, yeast having both mutant PDR13 and mutant ADH1 genes can be produced. Other combinations of mutant genes can be similarly prepared.
- the present invention provides a more efficient method for producing L-lactic acid.
- the method for producing L-lactic acid of the present invention may comprise culturing a yeast into which a gene (L-ldh gene) encoding the L-lactic acid dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe L of the present invention has been introduced. Prefer U ,.
- the medium for culturing yeast contains a carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts and the like that can be assimilated by the yeast.
- a natural medium or a synthetic medium may be used.
- saccharides such as glucose, fructose and sucrose may be used as long as the yeast can assimilate, carbohydrates such as molasses, starch or starch hydrolyzate containing these saccharides may be used. it can.
- Carbon sources are added together at the start of culture. Caro may be added, or divided or added continuously during cultivation, and is used at a concentration of lOg / l to 200 gZl.
- Nitrogen sources include ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate and other ammonium or inorganic acid salts, peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, For example, corn steep liquor, casein hydrolyzate, soybean meal, soybean meal hydrolyzate, various fermentation cell digests, and the like can be used.
- magnesium phosphate magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride salt, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium carbonate, etc. are used. be able to.
- the culture can be carried out by shaking culture or stirring culture.
- the oxygen supply conditions are not particularly limited, but can be performed under aerobic conditions or microaerobic conditions.
- the culture temperature is usually 25 to 35 degrees Celsius, and the culture time is usually 24 hours to 5 days. It is desirable to maintain the pH of the culture medium during the culture at 2.5 to 5.0. This pH can be adjusted using an alkaline solution, ammonia, calcium carbonate, or the like.
- the yeast of the present invention is pre-cultured, and the pre-culture solution is transferred to a new medium to perform main culture, thereby producing L-lactic acid in the culture solution.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited as long as the growth of the strain is not substantially inhibited and lactic acid can be produced, but is preferably a temperature in the range of 20 to 40 degrees Celsius, more preferably The temperature is in the range of 25 to 37 degrees, more preferably 30 to 34 degrees Celsius. Any method of standing, stirring or shaking can be employed for the culture.
- lactic acid By culturing under the above conditions, 1-20% lactic acid can be obtained in the medium.
- the method for measuring the obtained L-lactic acid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using HPLC and a method using an F-kit (Roche).
- Lactic acid in the obtained culture broth can be purified by a method known in the art.
- a fermentation solution obtained by centrifuging microorganisms is adjusted to pH 1 or less and extracted with potassium jetyl ether or ethyl acetate, a method of adsorbing, washing and elution on an ion exchange resin, and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- a conventional ushi-derived L-lactate dehydrogenase is encoded by culturing a yeast introduced with a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from human or ripe L.
- L-lactic acid can be produced at a higher sugar yield than culturing yeast into which the gene to be introduced has been introduced.
- PCR methods include KOD-Plus polymerase (Toyobo) or LA
- the L ldh gene having the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is used as the human-derived L ldh gene
- the Xenopus having the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is used as the L ldh gene derived from Toru L. 'Lldh gene from Levis (Xenopus laevis) was used.
- Cloning of the L-ldh gene derived from humans or R. cerevisiae was performed by PCR.
- a human breast cancer cell line-derived cDNA was used as a PCR type to obtain a human L-ldh gene.
- the human breast cancer cell line cDNA was prepared by culturing and collecting the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), then extracting the total RNA using TRIZOL Reagent (Invitrogen). CDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription using Superscript Choice System (Invitrogen) as a mold. Details of these operations followed the attached protocol. As a type of PCR that obtains the L ldh gene derived from Rhizopus, Xenopus laevis kidney cDNA library (manufactured by STRATAGENE) More prepared phagemid DNA was used. The phagemid DNA was prepared according to the attached protocol.
- the human-derived L ldh gene amplification primer (SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5) was prepared such that an Xhol recognition sequence was added to the 5 terminus and a Notl recognition sequence was added to the 3 terminus.
- the L ldh gene amplification primer (SEQ ID NOs: 6 and 7) derived from Toru L was prepared such that a Sa II recognition sequence was added to the 5 terminal side and a Notl recognition sequence was added to the 3 terminal side, respectively.
- the PCR-amplified fragment was purified, the end was phosphorylated with T4 polynucleotide Kinase (Takara Bio Inc.), and then ligated to PUC118 plasmid (cut with restriction enzyme Hindi and the cut surface was dephosphorylated). Ligation was performed using DNA Ligation Kit Ver.2 (Takarano). A ligation solution was used to transform E. coli DH5a competent cells (Takarabio Co., Ltd.), and the cells were plated on an LB plate containing 50 ⁇ g ZmL of antibiotic ampicillin.
- plasmid DNA was recovered and cut with the restriction enzymes Xhol and Notl or Sail and Notl, and a plasmid into which the L-1 dh gene derived from human or ripe was inserted was selected. All of these series of operations were performed according to the attached protocol.
- an expression plasmid into which the L-Idh gene derived from human or L. was inserted was selected.
- the expression plasmid incorporating the human-derived L ldh gene prepared in this manner is referred to as pTRS48
- the expression plasmid incorporating the L ldh gene derived from L. is referred to as pTRS102.
- a yeast into which a ushi-derived L ldh gene was introduced was prepared.
- L ldh gene (SEQ ID NO: 3) derived from ushi was performed by PCR.
- a protocol library provided with a cDNA library (manufactured by STRATAGENE) derived from ushi skeletal muscle is used.
- the phagemid DNA prepared according to the procedure described above was used as a cage, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed.
- the gene amplification primers (SEQ ID NOs: 8 and 9) were prepared such that an Xhol recognition sequence was added to the 5 terminus and a Notl recognition sequence was added to the 3 terminus.
- an expression plasmid into which the ushi-derived L ldh gene was inserted was prepared in the same manner as the expression plasmid into which the human-derived L ldh gene was inserted in Example 1.
- the expression plasmid incorporating the ushi-derived L-ldh gene prepared in this manner is referred to as pTRS49.
- a strain in which the PDC 1 gene present on the genomic DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NBRC 10505 strain was replaced with the TRP1 gene (hereinafter abbreviated as A pdcl strain) was produced using the homologous recombination method.
- a pdcl strain was prepared as follows. Plasmid P RS424 to ⁇ , PCR by 'sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 upstream, 3' 5 TRP1 gene using also DNA sequences forces represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 and 11 as a primer set distribution downstream A DNA fragment to which the sequence shown in column number 13 was added was amplified. The amplified DNA fragment was purified, and 1 ⁇ g of the DNA was used to transform the NBRC10505 strain to a tributophane non-requirement. The transformant obtained is designated as SW029 strain.
- Example 3 Introduction of Lldh gene expression plasmid derived from human or r. Elegans into yeast
- the SW029 strain was transformed non-uracil-requiringly. did.
- Confirmation of introduction of L-ldh gene expression plasmids derived from humans or frogs into the transformants obtained in this way was performed by extracting the genomes of the transformants and using them as PCR. .
- the primers used for confirmation were the primers used when cloning each L-ldh gene (human-derived L-ldh gene: SEQ ID NO: 4, 5; 7) was used.
- PTRS48 or pTRS102 obtained in Example 1 was used as an amplification cage, and oligonucleotides (human-derived L ldh gene: SEQ ID NOs: 14, 16 and L-el-derived L ldh gene: SEQ ID NOs: 15, 16) were used as a primer set.
- oligonucleotides human-derived L ldh gene: SEQ ID NOs: 14, 16 and L-el-derived L ldh gene: SEQ ID NOs: 15, 16
- Each DNA fragment was purified, and a mixture of the obtained 1.3-kb fragment containing the L-ldh gene and the 1.2-kb fragment containing the TRP1 gene was used as an amplification cage, and the oligonucleotide (human L-ldh gene, GAPDH terminator derived from human or r. Elegans by PCR using L ldh gene derived from SEQ ID NO: 14, 19 and L ldh gene derived from R. l .: SEQ ID NO. 15, 19) as a primer set. A DNA fragment of about 2.5 kb to which one and TRP1 genes were linked was amplified (corresponding to step 3 in Fig. 1).
- NBRC10505 strain was transformed with the purified DNA fragment of about 2.5 kb and cultured in a medium without tributophan, so that the L ldh gene derived from human or r. A transformant introduced downstream of the PDC1 gene promoter was selected.
- Transformation obtained as described above 3 ⁇ 4 force L-ldh gene derived from human or force L Confirmation of the yeast introduced downstream of the PDC1 gene promoter on the chromosome was performed as follows. First, the genome of the transformant was extracted and used as an amplified cocoon-shaped oligonucleotide (human L-ldh gene: SEQ ID NO: 14, 21, L-Ldh gene derived from T. L: SEQ ID NO: 15). , 21) was confirmed by PCR to obtain an amplified DNA fragment of approximately 2.8 kb. In the case of non-transformation, an amplified DNA fragment of about 2.1 kb can be obtained by the above PCR.
- L5 strain is a transformed strain in which the human-derived L ldh gene is introduced downstream of the PDC1 gene promoter on the chromosome, and L ldh gene from L. is derived from the downstream of the PDC1 gene promoter on the chromosome.
- the conversion will be B2 stock.
- SW029ZPTRS48 strain SW029 / pTRS 102 strain and SW029ZPTRS49 strain obtained as in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, L-lactic acid productivity test was performed.
- lactic acid fermentation medium (hereinafter referred to as lactic acid fermentation medium) with the composition shown in Table 1. Remove uracil and remove the medium lOrn in a test tube, where there are small amounts of the SW029 / pTRS48 and SW029 / pTRS102 strains. And SW029ZPTRS49 strain were inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C (pre-culture). Next, lOOmL of fresh lactic acid fermentation medium excluding uracil was placed in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and each of the previous cultures was inoculated in total, and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C for 24 hours (preculture).
- Reaction solution 5 mM p Toluenesulfonic acid, 20 mM Bistris, 0. ImM EDTA-2Na (flow rate 0.8 mL / min
- Glucose Test ⁇ C (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was used.
- Table 2 shows the calculated yield of L-lactic acid versus sugar.
- Example 5 Using the L5 and B2 strains obtained as in Example 4, the same method as in Example 5
- the culture solution for 30 hours after the start of the main culture was centrifuged, the resulting supernatant was filtered through a membrane, and the amount of L-lactic acid was measured by HPLC under the same conditions as in Example 5.
- Table 3 shows the yield of lactic acid based on sugar calculated from the measurement results.
- the L ldh gene expression plasmid was obtained by culturing yeast in which the L ldh gene derived from human or r. Elegans was introduced downstream of the PD C 1 gene promoter on the chromosome. L-lactic acid could be produced at a sugar yield equivalent to or higher than that of culturing the introduced yeast.
- LLdh enzyme solution L-lactic acid dehydrase enzyme solution
- the concentration of the L Ldh enzyme solution obtained in (a) was determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (manufactured by PIER CE) based on a calibration curve prepared using ushi IgG (l. 38 mgZmL, BIO—RAD) as a standard. And diluted with sterile water so that each L Ldh enzyme solution was 0.5 mgZmL. Next, the 6-level mixture (excluding L Ldh enzyme solution and NADH) in the ratio shown in Table 4 was dispensed into a semi-micro cuvette, and the L-Ldh enzyme solution and NADH were mixed and mixed just before starting the measurement. .
- 2xBR buffer is a buffer buffer prepared by adjusting 0.08M acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid solutions to pH 5, 6, and 7 with 5N NaOH.
- yeast introduced with a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase having a higher L-lactate dehydrogenase activity at pH 5-7 than L-derived L-lactate dehydrogenase activity.
- L-lactic acid can be produced at a higher sugar yield than cultivating yeast introduced with the L ldh gene derived from ushi.
- pdcl ⁇ strain A recombination strain (hereinafter abbreviated as pdcl ⁇ strain) was produced using homologous recombination.
- the pdcl ⁇ ⁇ strain was produced as follows.
- NBRC10505 strain DNA is represented by SEQ ID NO: 26 containing about 500 base pairs 5 'upstream of the PDC1 gene by PCR using a primer set that also has the base sequence ability represented by SEQ ID NOS: 24 and 25.
- a DNA fragment consisting of the base sequence was amplified.
- PCR using a primer set with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 27 and 28 was used to amplify a DNA fragment with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 29 containing 500 base pairs 3 ′ downstream of the PDC1 gene. did.
- the amplified DNA fragment is purified, two equal amounts of the two DNA fragments are mixed, the mixture is used as a bowl, and PCR is performed using a primer set consisting of the base sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 28.
- a DNA fragment consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 30 in which 5 ′ upstream 500 base pairs and 3 ′ downstream 500 base pairs of the PDC1 gene were linked was amplified.
- the amplified DNA fragment was purified, the DNA was treated with the restriction enzyme Kpnl, and the resulting DNA fragment was ligated to the plasmid pRS416 (hereinafter abbreviated as ⁇ del -pRS416).
- the pdc1-pRS416 plasmid DNA was deleted with the restriction enzyme EcoRV, and the NBRC10505 strain was transformed into uracil non-requirement using the DNA fragment lOOng.
- the obtained transformant was applied to a medium supplemented with lgZL 5-fluororotinic acid, and a primer set consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 31 and 32 was obtained using the grown transformant genomic DNA as a saddle type. PCR was performed and strains lacking the PDC1 gene were selected.
- PTRS57 is a multi-copy expression plasmid introduced into PRS424 with a structure in which Lushi-derived L-ldh gene is linked under the control of the ADH1 promoter.
- Figure 3 shows the structure.
- Example 9 Screening of L-lactic acid-producing ability-enhancing yeast strains using lactic acid production as an index
- the recombinant strain prepared in Example 8 was used overnight at a temperature of 30 ° C using SC-Ura medium. Cultured with shaking. 10 ml of the culture solution was inoculated into 1 ml of SC-Ura medium and cultured with shaking at a temperature of 30 ° C. After 40 hours from the start of the culture, the culture solution was centrifuged, and the lactic acid concentration in the supernatant was measured. For quantification of lactic acid, F-kit (L-lactic acid) manufactured by Ci'K International was used.
- the pdrl3 :: mTn strain obtained in Example 9 had a transposon sequence inserted between the 1599th and 1560th bases from the start codon of the PDR13 gene on the genomic DNA.
- PCR was performed using the plasmid PRS424 as a saddle and DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 34 as a primer set, 5 'upstream of the TRP1 gene.
- the DNA fragment added with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 35 and the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 36 3 ′ downstream was amplified.
- the PCR-amplified fragment was purified, and the DNAlO / zg was used to transform the pdcl ⁇ strain into the tributophane non-requirement.
- the resulting transformant is designated as pdrl3-1599 strain.
- the PTRS48 obtained in Example 1 was used to transform the pdrl3-1599 strain so that it did not require uracil.
- the obtained transformant is designated as pdrl3-1599ZPTRS48 strain.
- the prepared recombinant strain, pdrl3-1599ZpTRS48 was cultured with shaking in a 10 ml SC-Ura medium at a temperature of 30 ° C. 100 ⁇ l of the culture was inoculated into 10 ml of SC-Ura medium and cultured with shaking at a temperature of 30 ° C. At 16 hours, 24 hours and 40 hours after the start of the culture, 1 ml of the culture solution was sampled, the culture solution was centrifuged, and the lactate concentration of the supernatant was measured. For determination of lactic acid F-kit (L-lactic acid) Ci'K International ) was used. The results are shown in Table 7.
- a mutant pdr 13-100 strain in which the region from 1560 bases to 1716 bases of the PDR13 gene was deleted was produced, and lactic acid productivity was measured.
- the pdcl A 0ZPTRS48 strain and the pdrl3-159 9ZPTRS48 strain were cultured with shaking at a temperature of 30 ° C. using 10 ml of SC-Ura liquid medium.
- the culture solution 100 1 was inoculated into 10 ml of a new SC-Ura liquid medium, and lml was sampled at 16 hours, 24 hours and 40 hours after the start of culture, and the amount of lactic acid produced was determined by the HPLC method described in Example 5. Quantified with.
- the above region-deficient strain was prepared as follows. Using the plasmid pRS424 as a saddle and using the DNA with the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 37 as a primer set, the sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 35 5 ′ upstream of the TRP1 gene and the sequence 3 ′ downstream A DNA fragment to which the sequence indicated by No. 38 was added was amplified. The PCR amplified fragment was purified, and 1 ⁇ g of the DNA was used to transform the pdcl ⁇ pd strain into a tributophane non-requirement. The obtained transformation is pdr 13-100. Next, pTRS48 was used to transform the pdrl3-100 strain non-uracilly. The resulting transformation ⁇ tt was pdrl3-100ZPTRS48 Shares.
- the prepared recombinant strain, pdrl3-100ZpTRS48 was cultured with shaking in a 10 ml SC-Ura medium at a temperature of 30 ° C for 24 hours.
- 10 ml of the culture solution was inoculated into 100 ml of SC-Ura medium and cultured with shaking at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 24 hours.
- 100 ml of the culture broth was inoculated into 2.0 L of SC-Ura medium and cultured at 30 ° C. using a mini jar amentor to quantify the amount of L-lactic acid produced. This culture was performed under the following conditions.
- Fermenter Bioneer—N (manufactured by Maruhishi Biotechnology)
- a yeast in which the ADH1 gene present on the genomic DNA of the NBRC10505 strain was replaced with the URA3 gene was produced using homologous recombination.
- a DNA fragment to which the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 46 was added downstream was amplified.
- the amplified DNA fragment was purified, and 1 ⁇ g of the DNA was used to transform the NBRC10505 strain into uracil non-requirement.
- the obtained transformant is designated as A adhl strain.
- a DNA fragment containing the genomic DNA of NBRC10505 strain as a saddle and containing 700 bp upstream of ADH1 gene, ADH1 structural gene, and 200 bp downstream using the primers shown in SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48 was amplified.
- the gene amplification primers (SEQ ID NOs: 47 and 48) were prepared such that a Sacl recognition sequence was added to the 5 terminal side and a Smal recognition sequence was added to the 3 terminal side, respectively.
- the amplified fragment was ligated with the HincII, BAP-treated fragment of pUCl18.
- the intended plasmid pUC118-ADH1 was obtained according to a conventional method.
- pUC118-ADH1 was cleaved with the restriction enzyme SaclZSmal, and the reaction solution was subjected to agarose electrophoresis. An approximately 2 kb fragment was excised, and the excised gel force was also used for DNA fragment extraction. The extracted DNA fragment was inserted into pRS316 by ligation reaction to obtain the desired plasmid pRS316-ADH1.
- pRS316-ADH1 was cleaved with restriction enzymes Ball and PflFI, and the ADH1 structural gene was deleted.
- a circular plasmid was made. Perform agarose electrophoresis of the restriction enzyme reaction solution to cut out a fragment of approximately 7 kb, and extract the DNA fragment using the cut gel force. It was. Furthermore, ethanol precipitation was performed according to a conventional method.
- a mutation-introduced ADH1 gene fragment for introducing a mutation by the gap repair method was prepared.
- the fragments were prepared using the primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 50 and a random mutation introduction kit BD Diversify PCR Random Mutagenesis Kit (CLONTECH). The details followed the attached instructions.
- the obtained fragment was subjected to ethanol precipitation according to a conventional method and concentrated to 200 ngZ1.
- a ad hi strain was transformed into uracil non-requiring using 500 ng of the obtained open-circulation plasmid and lmg of the mutated ADH1 gene fragment. Since the A adhl strain used as the host is a strain with a reduced ability to assimilate sugar, it cannot grow quickly in a medium containing glucose. Therefore, after transformation, strains that had formed colonies on SC-Ura medium by day 2 were treated with alcohol at the temperature at which the mutant ADH1 gene on the introduced pRS316-ADH1 DNA was cultured. It was selected as a strain having dehydrogenase activity.
- the selected transformant having pRS316_ADH1 was spread on SC-Ura medium so that there were about 100 colonies per plate, and cultured at 25 ° C for 48 hours.
- the plates were replicated on 4 plates and cultured at 25 ° C, 30 ° C, 34 ° C, and 37 ° C, and the growth conditions were compared.
- a colony that did not grow at 30 ° C, 34 ° C, or 37 ° C culture temperature was isolated as a strain in which ADH1 on the plasmid became temperature sensitive.
- three strains, “pADHlts-1 strain”, “pADHlts-2 strain”, and “pADHlts-3 strain”, which are temperature sensitive at 34 ° C. were obtained.
- plasmids were also extracted.
- the extracted plasmid was used to transform Escherichia coli DH5a, and the plasmid was also obtained in the culture solution according to a conventional method.
- the obtained plasmid was digested with the restriction enzyme SaclZSmal, and the AADH1 strain was transformed with the digestion solution.
- the obtained culture broth was plated on a Y PAD plate medium and cultured at 25 ° C. for 48 hours.
- the grown colonies are considered to have the ⁇ adhl locus recombined with the temperature-sensitive AD HI gene, and this is the temperature-sensitive ADH1 gene on the chromosome.
- Integrated yeast ADHlts-1 strain, ADHlts-2 strain, ADHlts-3 strain
- the DNA base sequence was determined for the temperature-sensitive ADHlts gene locus of the temperature-sensitive yeast ADH Its—1, ADHlts—2, and ADHlts—3, and the amino acid sequence was determined from the sequence. As a result, it was found that the amino acid primary sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42 were obtained.
- Alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the yeast ADH Its-1 strain, ADHlts-2 strain, and ADHlts-3 strain having the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene obtained in Example 13 was measured.
- Each strain was inoculated into 20 mL of YPD liquid medium and cultured at 30 ° C for 20 hours. These were collected, 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) 2001 and glass beads (SIGMA, diameter 0.6 mm) 0.2 g were added, and vortexed at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes. After vortexing, the supernatant was collected by centrifugation.
- the protein concentration was determined by using a standard curve prepared with Usuki IgG (l. 38 mg / mL, manufactured by Bio-Rad) using a standard BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce). Decide 7.
- Example 14 According to the results of Example 14 and Comparative Example 5 shown in Table 11, the yeast (ADHIts-1 strain, ADHIts-2 strain, ADHIts-3 strain) obtained in Example 13 and having the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene was obtained. ), The alcohol dehydrogenase activity at 30 ° C was found to be lower than that of the wild strain (NBRC10505 strain).
- Example 15 Lactic acid fermentation using yeast having a temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene
- Example 15 Lactic acid fermentation using yeast having a temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene
- a human-derived L ldh gene having the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was used as the L ldh gene.
- Example 12 Using the L5 strain having the wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase prepared in Example 4, a fermentation test using a jar fermenter was conducted in the same manner as in Example 15, and the L lactate production amount and ethanol production amount were calculated. It was measured. These results are shown in Table 12.
- Example 16 Lactic acid fermentation by yeast having a temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene at a culture temperature of 32 ° C
- the alcohol dehydrogenase of the ADH Its-1-1-L strain was cultured at 32 ° C, which is a temperature sensitive, by a jamentor.
- a fermentation test was performed, and the amount of L lactic acid produced was measured to determine the amount of lactic acid produced and the amount of ethanol produced by the yeast having the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene.
- the culture temperature of the yeast (AD Hits-1-L strain, ADHlts-2-L strain, ADHlts-3-L strain) having the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene of the present invention is 30 °.
- the amount of L-lactic acid produced increased compared to the culture at the same temperature (Comparative Example 6) of yeast having wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase (L5 strain). It was confirmed that the effect of reducing ethanol production was obtained.
- Example 16 the culture (Example 16) of the yeast (ADHlts-1-L strain) having the temperature-sensitive mutant ADH1 gene of the present invention at a culture temperature of 32 ° C (Example 16), the fermentation test results at a culture temperature of 30 ° C ( It was confirmed that the production of L-lactic acid further increased from Example 15), and the effect of reducing the ethanol production was obtained.
- the yeast lacking the PDC5 gene present on the genomic DNA of NBRC10506 It produced as follows. Plasmid P RS 406 as amplified ⁇ was amplified URA3 gene DNA fragment of 1. 3 kb by oligonucleotide (SEQ ID NO 54, 55) was used as a primer set PCR. The amplified DNA fragment was purified, and the NBRC10506 strain was transformed into uracil non-required using the DNA fragment. The resulting transformed cells should be an A pdc5 deletion strain in which the PDC5 gene on the genomic DNA is replaced with the URA3 gene.
- amplification products obtained by PCR using genomic DNA as an amplification kit and oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57 as primer sets were subjected to fagarose electrophoresis.
- amplification product obtained by PCR using genomic DNA as an amplification kit and oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57 as primer sets were subjected to fagarose electrophoresis.
- a 1.2 kb amplification product is obtained.
- a 1.9kb product is obtained. 1. Since a 2 kb product was obtained, the transformant was designated as SWO 11 strain lacking the PDC5 gene.
- a pdcl A pdc5 double deletion strain was prepared as follows.
- the obtained SWOl 1 strain and the SW029 strain obtained in Example 2 were joined to obtain diploid cells.
- the diploid cells were ascending into ascending medium.
- the ascomy was dissected with a micromanipulator, and each spore was grown in YPAG medium to obtain each haploid cell.
- the auxotrophy of the obtained haploid cells was examined.
- the desired ⁇ pdcl ⁇ pdc 5 double deletion strain should show uracil and tributophan non-requirement. As a result of examining the nutrient supply, uracil and tributophan were not required.
- the obtained uracil and genomic DNA of a non-tryptophan-requiring strain were used as amplification strains, and the oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59, and the oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57 were used. It was confirmed by PCR using a primer set that the PDC1 gene and the PDC5 gene were deleted. This ⁇ pdcl ⁇ pdc5 double deletion strain was designated as SW012 strain. It was confirmed that the SW012 strain did not grow using glucose as the sole carbon source.
- a 1.3 kb HIS3 gene DNA fragment was amplified by PCR using the plasmid pRS403 as an amplification template and the oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 54 and SEQ ID NO: 55 as a primer set.
- the amplified DNA fragment was purified, and the NBRC10506 strain was transformed into the histidine non-requirement using the DNA fragment.
- the resulting transformed cells should have the PDC5 gene on the genomic DNA replaced with the HIS3 gene!
- amplification products obtained by PCR using the genomic DNA as an amplification template and the oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57 as primer sets were electrophoresed.
- the transformant was designated as SW013 strain lacking pdc5.
- a pdcl A pdc5 double deletion strain was prepared as follows. The obtained SW013 strain and the SW029 strain obtained in Example 2 were joined to obtain diploid cells. The diploid cells were ascending into ascending medium. The cysts were dissected with a micromanipulator, and each cyst was grown in YPAG medium to obtain each haploid cell. The auxotrophy of the obtained haploid cells was examined.
- the desired ⁇ pdcl ⁇ pdc5 double deletion strain should show no histidine and tributophan requirements.
- the obtained genomic DNA of histidine and tributophan non-requiring strains was used as an amplification type, and oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59, and SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57
- oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59, and SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57 It was confirmed that the PDC1 and PDC5 genes were deleted by PCR using the oligonucleotide represented by This A pdcl A pdc5 double deletion strain was designated as SW014 strain. It was confirmed that the SW014 strain did not grow using glucose as the sole carbon source.
- a 2.7 kb amplified DNA fragment containing the PDC5 gene was obtained by PCR using the genomic DNA of BY4741 strain as a saddle and using the oligonucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 61 as a primer set.
- the fragment was digested with Notl and inserted into the Notl gap of plasmid pRS316 previously digested with Notl.
- the resulting plasmid pRS316-PDC5 was used to transform the SW013 strain into a uracil non-requirement. It was confirmed that the transformant recovered its growth ability using glucose as the sole carbon source and had the growth ability at 37 ° C.
- plasmid PRS316-PDC5 was recovered by a conventional method, and the 2.7 kb nucleotide sequence inserted into pR S316 was determined by a conventional method, and pRS316-PDC5 contained the PDC5 gene. confirmed.
- plasmid pRS316-PDC5 was used as an amplification cage, and SEQ ID NO: 62 and SEQ ID NO: 63 As a primer set, a 1.7 kb amplified DNA fragment encoding PDC5 was obtained by PCR using the BD Diversify PCR Random Muta genesis Kit (Clontech). PCR using this kit increases the frequency of mutagenesis during DNA amplification, and the 1.7 kb fragment obtained above has a higher frequency of containing a fragment containing the mutation than the fragment obtained by normal PCR.
- the SW014 strain was transformed into uracil non-required, and the SC-Ura medium was transformed. Transformants that grow by incubation at 25 ° C were selected.
- the gap repair method homologous recombination occurs between the 1.7 kb fragment and the linear plasmid, and only cells that have acquired the circularized plasmid again grow.
- the obtained transformant group was replicated in fresh SC-Ura medium and incubated at 34 ° C.
- pdc5 temperature-sensitive mutations pdc5ts-9 and pdc5ts-11 Two strains of transformants that did not grow at 34 ° C among the replicated transformant groups were selected and designated as pdc5 temperature-sensitive mutations pdc5ts-9 and pdc5ts-11.
- a plasmid was recovered from this transformant by a conventional method, and the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 1.7 kb amplified DNA fragment was determined.
- pdc5ts-9 is a single base substitution mutation in which the 1697th base of the structural gene DNA represented by SEQ ID NO: 52 is C-forced to T
- pdc5ts-11 is a structural gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 53 It was a single base substitution mutation from the 701st base of DNA to T.
- Each of the plasmids was designated as pRS316-pdc5ts9 and pRS316-pdc5tsll with the
- Plasmids PRS316—pdc5ts9 and pRS316—pdc5tsll were deleted with Notl to obtain a 2.7 kb fragment containing the pdc5ts9 and pdc5tsll mutant genes. Using this fragment, the SW012 strain was transformed to require uracil, and a transformant that was incubated at 25 ° C. in 5-FOA medium to grow was selected. The obtained transformant group was replicated in fresh SC medium and kept at 34 ° C. Among the transformed transformant groups, transformants that did not grow at 34 ° C were selected and used as pdc5ts9 temperature sensitive mutant SWO15 and pdc5ts11 temperature sensitive mutant SWO16.
- a small amount of each of the NBRC10505, SW029, SW015, and SW016 strains was taken from the agar medium, inoculated into 3 mL of YPD liquid medium, and cultured overnight (preculture).
- the preculture was renewed, 1% inoculated into 20 mL of YPD liquid medium, and cultured with shaking at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 24 hours using a lOOmL Sakaguchi flask (main culture). 10 mL of the main culture was collected by centrifugation, washed with 10 mL of phosphate buffer, and then suspended in 1 mL of phosphate buffer.
- the concentration of PDC enzyme solution obtained in (a) above was determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (manufactured by PI ERCE) based on a calibration curve prepared using ushi IgG (l. 38 mgZmL, BIO-RAD) as a standard. And diluted with sterilized water so that each PDC enzyme solution was 2 mgZmL. Next, the mixture obtained by removing the PDC enzyme solution and NADH at the ratio shown in Table 13 was dispensed into a semi-micro cuvette, and the PDC enzyme solution and NADH were calorie mixed immediately before starting the measurement.
- the PDC specific activity of the pdc5ts9 temperature-sensitive mutant strain SW015 and the pdc5tsl l temperature-sensitive mutant SW016 strain having the mutant PDC5 gene is less than lZ 3 of the NBRC10505 strain and lower than the SW029 strain.
- a temperature-sensitive mutant yeast of the PDC5 gene it was possible to obtain a yeast with a reduced PDC specific activity.
- Lactic acid fermentation tests were performed on the pdc5 temperature sensitive mutant obtained above.
- the pdc5 temperature-sensitive mutant strain was transformed into a human-derived L ldhh.
- the gene was introduced.
- the lactic acid fermentation medium shown in Table 1 was used for the lactic acid fermentation test.
- Optical purity (%) 100 X (L—D) Z (L + D)
- L represents the concentration of L-lactic acid
- D represents the concentration of D-lactic acid
- Fermenter Bioneer— N (manufactured by Maruhishi Biotechnology)
- strains SW015 and SW016 transformed with pTRS48 were cultured overnight in a test tube in 5 ml of lactic acid fermentation medium (pre-culture).
- the culture broth was inoculated into 10 Oml of a fresh lactic acid fermentation medium and cultured with shaking in a 500 ml Sakaguchi flask for 24 hours (preculture).
- the preculture was inoculated into a fermentation apparatus and a lactic acid fermentation test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 15.
- Lactic acid fermentation tests were performed on the pdc5 temperature sensitive mutant obtained above.
- the L ldh gene expression plasmid pTRS102 obtained in Example 1 into the SW015 strain and the SW016 strain, the L ldh gene derived from the force L was introduced.
- the lactic acid fermentation medium shown in Table 1 was autoclaved (121 ° C, 15 minutes).
- strains SW015 and SW016 transformed with pTRS102 were cultured overnight in a test tube in 5 ml of a lactate fermentation medium (pre-culture).
- the culture solution was inoculated into 100 ml of fresh lactic acid fermentation medium and cultured with shaking in a 500 ml Sakaguchi flask for 24 hours (pre-culture).
- the preculture was inoculated into a fermentation apparatus and a lactic acid fermentation test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 15.
- Example 3 Furthermore, using SW029ZPTRS102 obtained in Example 3 as a control comparative example, a fermentation test was conducted under the same conditions as the pdc5 temperature-sensitive mutant. The test results are shown in Table 15.
- the yeast of the present invention and the lactic acid obtained by the method for producing lactic acid using the yeast are brewed products such as liquor, miso, soy sauce, pickles and dairy products, soft drinks as sour substitutes for quenate and tartaric acid, It has a wide range of uses such as being used for pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, in the field of fats and oils, it is also suitably used as a raw material for polylactic acid and is an extremely useful substance. If lactic acid is produced using the yeast of the present invention and the method for producing lactic acid using the yeast, it is possible to efficiently produce lactic acid with a wide range of uses, so that lactic acid can be provided at a lower cost. It becomes possible.
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP06797371A EP1975232A4 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-09-04 | YEAST AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF L-MILKY ACID |
BRPI0618394-8A BRPI0618394A2 (pt) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-09-04 | levedura e métodos de produção de ácido l-lático |
US12/083,315 US8071357B2 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-09-04 | Yeast and method of producing L-lactic acid |
AU2006300688A AU2006300688B2 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-09-04 | Yeast and method of producing L-lactic acid |
CA002625492A CA2625492A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-09-04 | Yeast and method of producing l-lactic acid |
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EP (2) | EP1975232A4 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101287833A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006300688B2 (ja) |
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JP2008283917A (ja) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-27 | Toray Ind Inc | 乳酸の製造方法 |
WO2009072593A1 (ja) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-11 | Toray Industries, Inc. | 乳酸脱水素酵素発現カセット、形質転換酵母および乳酸の製造方法 |
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EP1975232A4 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
CA2625492A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
EP2147976A2 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
EP2147976A3 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
CN101287833A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
US20090239274A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
US8071357B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
AU2006300688A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
AU2006300688B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
BRPI0618394A2 (pt) | 2011-08-30 |
EP2147976B1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
EP1975232A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
ES2527980T3 (es) | 2015-02-02 |
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