WO2006090607A1 - 電池 - Google Patents
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- WO2006090607A1 WO2006090607A1 PCT/JP2006/302491 JP2006302491W WO2006090607A1 WO 2006090607 A1 WO2006090607 A1 WO 2006090607A1 JP 2006302491 W JP2006302491 W JP 2006302491W WO 2006090607 A1 WO2006090607 A1 WO 2006090607A1
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- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- graphite
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- battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery including an electrolyte together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode inside a film-shaped exterior member.
- the positive electrode having a high voltage has a very noble oxidation potential and the negative electrode has a very low reduction potential.
- the non-aqueous solvent used in was decomposed and gas was generated.
- it reacts with lithium to generate hydrofluoric acid, which may cause a side reaction. Therefore, conventionally, it has been studied to introduce a carbon material having a high specific surface area as a gas absorbing material into a battery regardless of whether it is a primary battery or a secondary battery (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a gas absorbing material it has been studied to mix and use a plurality of carbon materials (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 to 7).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3067080
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-24637
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3216661
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-6-111818
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-196095
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-8655
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-87437
- the present invention has been made in view of serious problems, and an object thereof is to provide a battery that can further suppress swelling and improve battery characteristics such as capacity. .
- the battery according to the present invention has a film-like exterior member with an electrolyte together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is obtained by an X-ray diffraction method.
- the average spacing between hexagonal (002) faces d002 is 0.3354nm or more and
- It contains a graphite material which is 3370 nm or less and from which a peak attributed to the rhombohedral (101) plane can be obtained by X-ray diffraction.
- the graphite material described above since the graphite material described above is contained, it is possible to absorb the impurities such as moisture and the gas generated by the side reaction, thereby suppressing swelling. Battery characteristics such as capacity can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the wound electrode body shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This secondary battery uses lithium as an electrode reactant, and includes a wound electrode body 20 to which a positive electrode terminal 11 and a negative electrode terminal 12 are attached inside a film-like exterior member 30.
- the positive electrode terminal 11 and the negative electrode terminal 12 are each led out from the inside of the exterior member 30 to the outside, for example, in the same direction.
- the positive electrode terminal 11 and the negative electrode terminal 12 are each made of a metal material such as aluminum, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), or stainless steel, and each have a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.
- the exterior member 30 is made of, for example, a rectangular aluminum laminated film in which a nylon film, an aluminum foil, and a polyethylene film are bonded together in this order.
- the exterior member 30 is disposed so that the polyethylene film side and the wound electrode body 20 face each other, and each outer edge portion is in close contact with each other by fusion bonding or an adhesive.
- the adhesion film 31 is inserted between the exterior member 30 and the positive electrode terminal 11 and the negative electrode terminal 12 to prevent intrusion of outside air.
- the adhesion film 31 is made of a material having adhesion to the positive electrode terminal 11 and the negative electrode terminal 12, for example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, or modified polypropylene.
- the exterior member 30 may be constituted by another aluminum laminate film in which an aluminum foil is sandwiched between other polymer films, or may be made of a laminate film having another structure, such as polypropylene. You may make it comprise with a molecular film or a metal film.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure taken along line II-II of the wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG.
- the wound electrode body 20 is obtained by stacking a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 with a separator 23 and an electrolyte 24 and winding them, and the outermost periphery is protected by a protective tape 25.
- the positive electrode 21 includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector 21A having a pair of opposed surfaces, and a positive electrode active material layer 21B provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
- the positive electrode current collector 21A has an exposed portion without being provided with the positive electrode active material layer 21B at one end in the longitudinal direction, and the positive electrode terminal 11 is attached to the exposed portion.
- the positive electrode current collector 21A is made of, for example, a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, a nickel foil, or a stainless steel foil.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B includes, for example, any positive or negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium as a positive electrode active material, and a conductive material and a binder as necessary. Including dressing material, it is okay.
- a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium for example, titanium sulfide
- LiS molybdenum sulfide
- MoS molybdenum sulfide
- chalcogenide containing no lithium such as niobium selenide (NbSe) or vanadium oxide (V0)
- lithium-containing lithium composite oxide or lithium-containing phosphate compound Or polymer compounds such as polyacetylene or polypyrrole.
- lithium composite oxides containing lithium and a transition metal element or lithium-containing phosphoric acid compounds containing lithium and a transition metal element because they can obtain high voltage and high energy density.
- Particularly preferred are those containing at least one of cobalt (Co), nickel, manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) as a transition metal element.
- Co cobalt
- Mn manganese
- Fe iron
- Its chemical formula is, for example, Li MIO or Li MIIPO.
- X and y depend on the charge / discharge state of the battery, and are usually 0.05.x ⁇ l ⁇ 10 and 0.05.y ⁇ l ⁇ 10.
- lithium cobalt composite oxide Li CoO
- lithium nickelole composite acid Li CoO
- Li NiO lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide
- Li Ni Co O (z 1) lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide
- Lithium manganese complex oxide LiMn 2 O 3 with pinel structure, lithium iron phosphorylation
- Li 2 FePO 4 lithium iron manganese phosphate compound
- Li 2 Fe Mn PO Li 2 Fe Mn PO (v y 4 y 1-v v 4 1)
- Examples of the conductive material include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black, and ketjen black, and one or more of them are used in combination.
- a metal material or a conductive polymer material may be used as long as the material has conductivity.
- Examples of the binder include synthetic rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and ethylene propylene rubber, or polymer materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and one or more of them are mixed. Used.
- the negative electrode 22 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 22A having a pair of opposed surfaces, and a negative electrode active material layer 22B provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the negative electrode current collector 22A also has an exposed portion where the negative electrode active material layer 22B is not provided at one end in the longitudinal direction, and the negative electrode terminal 12 is attached to this exposed portion.
- the negative electrode current collector 22A is made of, for example, a metal foil such as a copper foil, a nickel foil or a stainless steel foil.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B includes, for example, one or more of negative electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium as a negative electrode active material. It may contain conductive material and binder. For the conductive material and the binder, the same materials as those described for the positive electrode 21 can be used. [0022]
- Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include a carbon material, a metal oxide, and a polymer compound.
- Examples of the carbon material include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon having a (002) plane spacing of 0.37 nm or more, and graphite having a (002) plane spacing of 0.340 nm or less.
- pyrolytic carbons there are pyrolytic carbons, coatas, graphites, glassy carbons, organic polymer compound fired bodies, carbon fibers or activated carbon.
- coatas include pitch coatus, needle coatus, and petroleum coatus.
- Organic polymer compound fired bodies are obtained by firing a polymer compound such as phenol resin or furan resin at an appropriate temperature. Means carbonized.
- the metal oxide include iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide.
- the polymer compound include polyacetylene and polypyrrole.
- Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include a material containing a metal element or a metalloid element capable of forming a metal alloy with lithium as a constituent element. Specifically, a single element, alloy, or compound of a metal element capable of forming an alloy with lithium, a single element, alloy, or compound of a metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium, or one or two of these. Examples thereof include materials having at least a part of the above phases.
- Examples of such a metal element or metalloid element include tin (Sn), lead (Pb), anormium, indium (In), silicon (Si), , Antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), zirconium (Zr) Yttrium (Y) or hafnium.
- tin Tin
- lead anormium
- indium (In) silicon
- Si Antimony
- Sb bismuth
- Cd cadmium
- magnesium Mg
- B gallium
- Ga gallium
- Ge germanium
- arsenic As
- silver silver
- Zr zirconium
- Yttrium Y
- hafnium particularly preferred is a group 14 metal element or a semi-metal element in the long-period periodic table, and particularly preferred is a key element or t
- Examples of the alloy of the key include, as the second constituent element other than the key, tin, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium (Ti), germanium, Those containing at least one of the group of Smus, Antimony and Chromium (Cr) forces Can be mentioned.
- Examples of tin alloys include, for example, the group consisting of silicon, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony, and chromium as the second constituent element other than tin. Examples include at least one of them.
- Examples of the compound of silicon or the compound of tin include, for example, those containing oxygen (O) or carbon (C 2), and include the second constituent element described above in addition to silicon or tin. May be.
- the average spacing between hexagonal (002) planes determined by the X-ray diffraction method is 0.3354 nm or more as an absorbent.
- a graphite material having a peak of 0.3370 nm or less and having a peak attributed to the (101) plane of rhombohedral crystal by X-ray diffraction. This is because impurities such as moisture contained in the battery and gas generated by side reactions can be absorbed, and deterioration of battery characteristics such as capacity due to the addition of the absorbent can be suppressed.
- the theoretical average spacing of hexagonal (002) planes in graphite is 0.3354 nm.
- This graphite material is obtained by, for example, pulverizing highly crystalline natural graphite having an average interplanar spacing d002 of (002) planes of hexagonal crystal of 0.3354 nm or more and 0.3370 nm or less. It can be obtained by applying force. Also, after pulverization, it may be mechanically formed into a spherical shape. Furthermore, it can also be obtained by using artificial graphite calcined and graphitized at about 2900 ° C. using coatas, tar, pitch or the like as raw material, and also by increasing the physical force. When making artificial graphite, adding a catalyst and firing it is preferable because it can increase the degree of graphitization.
- the graphite material also functions as a conductive material when included in the positive electrode active material layer 21B, and also functions as a negative electrode active material or conductive material when included in the negative electrode active material layer 22B. To do.
- the content in the positive electrode active material layer 21B is preferably in the range of 0.2 mass% to 10 mass%. This is because if the amount is less than this range, the swelling cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and if the amount is more than this range, the percentage of the positive electrode active material becomes low and the capacity decreases.
- the content in the negative electrode active material layer 22B is 1% by mass or more and 100% by mass. It is preferable to be within the range of not more than%, more preferably not less than 2% by mass and not more than 50% by mass. This is because if the amount is less than this range, swelling cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and if the amount is more than this range, the capacity decreases.
- the peak intensity attributed to the (101) plane of rhombohedral crystal of graphite obtained by the X-ray diffraction method for the positive electrode 21 or the negative electrode 22 is determined by the X-ray diffraction method. It is more preferable that the peak intensity attributed to the hexagonal (101) plane of the obtained graphite is 1% or more, preferably 60% or less. This is because when there are few rhombohedral crystals, sufficient absorption capacity cannot be obtained, but when there are too many rhombohedral crystals, the capacity may decrease.
- the separator 23 has a predetermined large ion permeability such as a porous membrane made of a polyolefin-based synthetic resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, or a porous membrane made of an inorganic material such as a ceramic nonwoven fabric. It is composed of an insulating thin film having mechanical strength, and may have a structure in which two or more of these porous films are laminated.
- the electrolyte 24 is constituted by a so-called gel electrolyte in which an electrolytic solution is held in a polymer compound.
- the electrolyte 24 may be impregnated in the separator 23 or may be present between the separator 23 and the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the electrolytic solution contains, for example, a solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent.
- Solvents include, for example, ⁇ -butyral ratatones, ⁇ -valerolatatanes, ⁇ -valerolatatanes, or ⁇ -forces such as propylene-based solvents, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, carbonate Carbonate ester solvents such as dimethyl, ethylmethyl carbonate or jetyl carbonate, ether solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1_ethoxy_2-methoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile And non-aqueous solvents such as nitrile solvents, sulfolane solvents, phosphoric acids, phosphate ester solvents, and pyrrolidones. Solvents can be used alone or
- the electrolyte salt dissolves in the solvent and generates ions
- one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- LiPF Lithium hexafluorophosphate
- LiBF lithium tetrafluoroborate
- LiAsF lithium perchlorate
- LiCIO lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate
- LiCF SO bis (trifluoromethanesulfonolinole) imidolithium (LiN (S 0 CF)),
- lithium phosphate LiAlCl 3
- lithium hexafluorosilicate LiSiF 2
- polymer compound examples include a fluorine-based polymer compound such as polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and a crosslinked product containing polyethylene oxide or polyethylene oxide.
- fluorine-based polymer compound such as polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene
- crosslinked product containing polyethylene oxide or polyethylene oxide examples thereof include ether polymer compounds and polyacrylonitrile.
- the electrolyte 24 may be used as it is as a liquid electrolyte without holding the electrolytic solution in the polymer compound. In this case, the electrolyte is impregnated in the separator 23
- the secondary battery can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B is formed on the positive electrode current collector 21A to produce the positive electrode 21.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B is prepared, for example, by mixing a positive electrode active material powder, a conductive material, and a binder to prepare a positive electrode mixture, and then using the positive electrode mixture in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. It is formed by dispersing to form a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry, applying this positive electrode mixture slurry to the positive electrode current collector 21A, drying it, and compression molding. Further, for example, in the same manner as the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed on the negative electrode current collector 22A, and the negative electrode 22 is manufactured. At that time, the above-described graphite material is added to the positive electrode active material layer 21B, the negative electrode active material layer 22B, or both as necessary.
- the positive electrode 21 When added to the positive electrode 21, it may be added as a conductive material, or may be added together with other conductive materials. Further, when added to the negative electrode 22, it may be added together with other negative electrode active materials or other conductive materials which may be added as the negative electrode active material or conductive material.
- the positive electrode terminal 11 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 21A, and the negative electrode terminal 12 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are laminated via the separator 23, wound in the longitudinal direction, and a protective tape is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion, thereby producing a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 20.
- the wound body is sandwiched between the exterior members 30 and the exterior portion
- One side of the outer peripheral edge of the material 30 is removed and thermally fused, and an electrolyte composition containing an electrolyte and a monomer that is a raw material for the polymer compound is injected.
- the monomer is polymerized to form the electrolyte 24.
- the secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is obtained.
- an electrolyte composition is injected into the exterior member 30, and the monomer is polymerized to form an electrolyte.
- an electrolyte 24 containing an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound is formed on the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22, and they are wound through a separator 23 to form an exterior member 30. You may make it enclose inside.
- electrolyte 24 when an electrolytic solution is used as the electrolyte 24, a wound body is prepared as described above, and sandwiched between the exterior members 30, and then the electrolyte solution is injected to seal the exterior member 30.
- the secondary battery when charged, for example, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode 21 and inserted in the negative electrode 22 through the electrolyte 24.
- lithium ions when discharge is performed, for example, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode 22 and inserted into the positive electrode 21 through the electrolyte 24.
- the positive electrode 21 or the negative electrode 22 contains the above-mentioned graphite material, impurities such as moisture and gas generated by side reactions are absorbed, and swelling is suppressed and capacity is reduced. Are also suppressed.
- the average interplanar spacing d002 of the hexagonal (002) plane d002 is 0.3354 nm or more and 0.3370 nm or less on the positive electrode 21 or the negative electrode 22, and the X-ray
- the graphite material which has a peak attributed to the (101) plane of rhombohedral crystal by diffraction method, is included, so it absorbs impurities such as moisture and gas generated by side reaction to suppress swelling. And battery characteristics such as capacity can be improved.
- a secondary battery using the film-like exterior member shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was fabricated.
- LiCo lithium cobalt composite oxide
- O a lithium cobalt composite oxide
- 85% by mass of this lithium cobalt composite oxide powder, 5% by mass of ketjen black as a conductive material, and 10% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder were prepared, and then a positive electrode mixture was prepared.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by dispersing in N_methyl_2-pyrrolidone as a solvent.
- this positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector 21A made of aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 zm, dried, and then compression molded to form a positive electrode active material layer 21B. Produced. After that, the positive electrode terminal 11 was attached to the positive electrode 21.
- artificial graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and 89% by mass of the artificial graphite powder, 6% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and 5% by mass of an absorbent were mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture. After the preparation, the mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the artificial graphite used as the negative electrode active material is obtained by firing and carbonizing a molded product obtained by kneading coatas with a binder pitch, and then adding graphite to graphitize at 3000 ° C.
- spherical natural graphite was used in Example 11 and spherical high crystal artificial graphite was used in Examples 12 and 13.
- Spherical natural graphite used in Example 1 1 is obtained by pulverizing high-purity natural graphite, removing impurities, and then mechanically molding and spheroidizing.
- Examples 1 _ 2 and 1 _ 3 The spheroidized high-crystal artificial graphite used was crushed from the high-crystallized artificial graphite with a higher degree of graphitization by adding a catalyst at the time of graphitization and calcining using Kotas as a raw material, and then mechanically forming and spheroidizing it. It is a thing.
- Examples 1 and 1 were used for spheroidized natural graphite, Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 and 13 were used for spheroidized high crystalline artificial graphite, respectively.
- the average interplanar spacing d002 of the spheroidized natural graphite used in Example 1-1 was 0.3 364 nm
- the average interplanar spacing d002 of the spheroidized high crystalline artificial graphite used in Example 1-2 was 0.2. It was 3368 nm, and the average interplanar spacing d0 02 of the spheroidized high crystal artificial graphite used in Example 1_3 was 0.3359.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- this negative electrode mixture slurry was used for both negative electrode current collectors 22A made of copper foil having a thickness of 15 / im. After coating on the surface and drying, compression molding was performed to form a negative electrode active material layer 22B, and negative electrode 22 was produced.
- the peak intensity ratio of Example 1-1 was 0.02, that is, the peak intensity of rhombohedral (101) plane was 2% of the peak intensity of hexagonal (101) plane.
- the peak intensity of Examples 1 and 2 was 0.01, that is, the peak intensity of the rhombohedral (101) plane was 1% of the peak intensity of the (101) plane of hexagonal crystal.
- the peak intensity ratio of Example 13 was 0.03, that is, the peak intensity of the rhombohedral (101) plane was 3% of the peak intensity of the hexagonal (101) plane. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the produced positive electrode 21 and negative electrode 22 were brought into close contact with each other through a separator 23 made of a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and wound in the longitudinal direction. Turned to produce a wound body. Next, the produced wound body was loaded between the exterior member 30 and the outer peripheral edge of the exterior member 30 was heat-sealed except for one side.
- the exterior member 30 was a moisture-proof aluminum laminate film in which a nylon film of 25 ⁇ m thickness, an aluminum foil of 40 ⁇ m thickness, and a polypropylene film of 30 ⁇ m thickness were laminated in order of outermost layer force.
- a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and decyl carbonate were mixed at a mass ratio of ethylene carbonate: jetyl carbonate 3: 7.
- 5 parts by mass of the polymerizable compound and 100 parts by mass of t_butyl peroxyneodecanoate, which is a polymerization initiator are mixed at a ratio of 0.1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the electrolytic solution.
- a composition was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound includes trimethylolpropane tritalylate shown in Chemical Formula 1 and neopentyl glycol ditalylate shown in Chemical Formula 2 in the form of trimethylolpropane tritalylate: neopentylglycol ditalylate.
- G 3: A mixture with a mass ratio of 7 was used.
- an electrolyte composition is injected into the exterior member 30, the remaining one side of the exterior member 30 is heat-sealed, and sandwiched between glass plates and heated at 80 ° C for 15 minutes to be polymerized.
- the gel-like electrolyte 24 was formed by polymerizing the active compound. As a result, the secondary battery shown in Figs. 1 and 2 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 to 1 for Example 1 !! to 1 to 1-3 no absorbent was added when forming the negative electrode active material layer, and the proportion of artificial graphite was 94% by mass.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1- :! to 1-3.
- Comparative Examples 1-2 to 1-1-9 except that the type of absorbent added to the negative electrode active material layer was changed as shown in Table 1, the other examples were 1-1-1 —
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in 3. Specifically, in Comparative Example 12 and 2, activated carbon obtained by activating carbon fiber obtained by firing rayon in carbon dioxide gas was used, in Comparative Example 13 using Cortas, and in Comparative Example 14 propane was heated.
- Comparative Example 15 Using pyrolyzed carbon obtained by decomposition and fluidized bed, the hard carbon obtained by firing phenol resin was used in Comparative Example 15 and the mesophase spherules were graphitized in Comparative Example 16
- Comparative Example 17 using the mesocarbon microbeads obtained in the above, vapor phase grown carbon fiber grown on the catalyst at 1100 ° C in a hydrocarbon gas atmosphere was used.
- Comparative Examples 1-9 high-crystallized grains with a high degree of graphitization were obtained by adding a catalyst during graphitization using Coats as a raw material. Using artificial graphite powder
- Comparative Example 1_2 ⁇ The absorber used in _9 was also analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1_1 ⁇ 1_3 from the diffraction line of the hexagonal (002) plane on the average spacing. d002 was sought.
- the peak of the rhombohedral (101) plane with respect to the hexagonal (101) plane of graphite was also the same as in Examples 1-1 to 1-3.
- the intensity ratio was determined for each. The results are also shown in Table 1. “1” shown in Table 1 means that measurement was impossible.
- the physical properties of the artificial graphite used as the negative electrode active material are shown in Comparative Example 1-1.
- each secondary battery that was separately charged and discharged under the above-described conditions separately was disassembled, 20 mg of the negative electrode active material layer 22B was scraped off, sealed in a sealed glass bottle in an argon box, and carbon dioxide with a syringe. After injecting standard gas and storing at 90 ° C for 4 hours, the residual rate of carbon dioxide was examined. A gas chromatography / mass spectrometer was used for the measurement, and 0.2 ml of gas in the sealed glass bottle was qualitatively quantified. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-1 Spheroidized natural graphite 0.3364 0.02 39 772 66 0.3
- Example 1-2 Spheroidized high crystal 0.3368 0.01 38 774 67 0.2
- Comparative Example 1-2 Activated Carbon Fiber 1 ⁇ 66 753 60 0.5 Comparative Example 1-3 Coke 0.340 1 88 735 42 3.2 Comparative Example 1-4 Pyrolytic Carbon 0.343 ⁇ 93 718 37 3.4 Comparative Example 1-5 Node Carbon ⁇ ⁇ 72 747 31 2.7 Mesocarbon
- Comparative Example 1-6 Microbeads 0.3373 1 90 760 59 3.5 Comparative Example 1-7 Vapor growth carbon fiber 0.3362 1 92 756 58 3.1 Comparative Example 1-8 Natural graphite 0.3360 1 65 767 61 1.2 Comparative Example 1-9 High crystallization Artificial graphite 0.3365 ⁇ 68 768 65 1.3
- Comparative Example 1 in which no absorbent was added Compared with Comparative Example 1 1, the swelling and carbon dioxide residual ratio after storage were reduced, and the initial discharge capacity was reduced. And the low temperature properties improved. In contrast, in Comparative Example 1 2 using activated carbon fiber, the swelling and carbon dioxide residual rate were smaller than in Comparative Example 1 1, but Example 1 1 to 13 was not as good as that of the first discharge capacity. Fell. In Comparative Example 1 3 to :! 1 7, swelling could not be suppressed, and the initial discharge capacity and the low temperature characteristics were also equal to or lower than Comparative Example 1 1 1.
- Comparative Examples 1-8 and 1-9 using natural graphite or highly crystallized artificial graphite with an average interplanar spacing d002 of hexagonal (002) plane of 0.3354 nm or more and 0.3370 nm or less are comparative examples.
- the swelling and carbon dioxide residual ratio could be reduced as compared with 1-1, the initial discharge capacity and low-temperature characteristics could be improved, but the swelling was suppressed as much as Comparative Example 1-2 using activated carbon fiber. I could't.
- Example 2-1 had 93.06% by weight of granular artificial graphite, 6% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride and 0.94% by weight of spheroidized natural graphite.
- Example 2-2 47% of granular artificial graphite was used. % By mass, 6% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride and 47% by mass of spheroidized natural graphite.
- Examples 2-3 24, 0% by mass of granular artificial graphite, 6% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride, and spheroidized natural black Lead was 94% by mass.
- Example 2 For the spheroidized natural graphite used in Example 2—:! To 24 4, the average interplanar spacing d002 was determined from the diffraction line of the hexagonal (002) plane in the same manner as in Example 11. .
- the peak intensity ratio of the rhombohedral (101) plane to the (101) plane of hexagonal crystal was set in the same manner as in Example 1-1. Asked. Further, for the fabricated secondary battery of Example 2 14, the initial discharge capacity, the low temperature characteristics, the swelling after storage, and the carbon dioxide residual ratio were measured in the same manner as in Example 11. The results are shown in Table 2 together with the results of Example 1-1 and Comparative example 1-1.
- Example 2-1 0.94 0.3364 0.01 50 773 67 0.4
- Example l-i 5 0.3364 0.02 39 772 66 0.3 Spheroidization
- Example 2-3 94 0.3363 0.58 0 761 58 0
- Example 2-4 94 0.3362 0.67 0 751 39 0
- Comparative example 1-1 None One One 92 759 59 3.1
- Example 1-1 As shown in Table 2, according to Example 2— :! to 2-4, as in Example 1-1, spheroidized natural graphite was added, and the result was Comparative Example 1. Compared to 1, the swelling and carbon dioxide residual rate could be reduced. However, when the amount of spheroidized natural graphite was increased, the initial discharge capacity and low-temperature characteristics tended to decrease, although the swelling and carbon dioxide residual rate decreased. The same tendency was observed even when the peak intensity ratio of the rhombohedral (101) plane to the hexagonal (101) plane of graphite in the negative electrode 22 was increased.
- the content of the absorbent in the negative electrode active material layer 22B is preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 100% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 2% by mass to 50% by mass.
- the peak intensity attributed to the (101) plane of the rhombohedral crystal of graphite obtained by the X-ray diffraction method belongs to the (101) plane of the hexagonal graphite obtained by the X-ray diffraction method. It has been found that it is more preferable to set the peak intensity to 1% or more, preferably 60% or less.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Examples 1-1 and 1-2, except that the absorbent was added to the positive electrode active material layer 21B instead of the negative electrode active material layer 22B.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B when the positive electrode active material layer 21B was formed, 5% by mass of spheroidized natural graphite or spheroidized highly crystalline artificial graphite was added as a conductive material, and the negative electrode active material layer 22B.
- the absorption No material was added, and the proportion of granular artificial graphite was 94% by mass.
- Example 3_3 to 3_6 when forming the positive electrode active material layer 21B, spheroidized natural graphite was used as a conductive material, and the content in the positive electrode active material layer 21B was 0.1% by mass to 12% by mass. When the negative electrode active material layer 22B was formed within the range, the absorbent was not added, and the proportion of the granular artificial graphite was 94% by mass.
- Example 3-3 0.1 81 775 67 2.2
- Example 3-4 0.2 75 770 67 1.4
- Example 3-1 Spheroidized natural graphite Cathode 5 39 765 67 0.3
- Example 3 -5 10 28 705 69 0.1
- the content of the absorbent in the positive electrode active material layer 21B is preferably in the range of 0.2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1-2, except that the cathode powder was used instead of artificial graphite as the negative electrode active material.
- the spheroidized high crystal artificial graphite used as the absorbent is the same as in Example 1-2.
- a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as Example 4-1, except that 5% by mass of artificial graphite was added as a conductive material instead of the absorbent. Produced.
- Example 41 For the fabricated secondary batteries of Example 41 and Comparative Example 41, the initial discharge capacity, the low temperature characteristics, the swelling after storage, and the carbon dioxide residual ratio were measured in the same manner as in Example 12. Set. The results are shown in Table 5 together with the results of Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 4-1 5 Key 41 1012 67 0.4 Comparative Example 4-1 One Key 98 1013 68 4.8
- Example 4-1 As shown in Table 5, according to Example 4-1, as with Example 1-2, the swelling and carbon dioxide residual rate should be significantly reduced as compared with Comparative Example 4-1. I was able to. That is, it was found that the same effect can be obtained even if other negative electrode active materials are used.
- the force described in the case where the wound electrode body in which the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound is provided in the exterior member 30 is a single layer of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. You may make it provide what laminated
- the present invention can be applied not only to secondary batteries but also to other batteries such as primary batteries.
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Abstract
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US11/816,833 US20090053593A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2006-02-14 | Battery |
JP2007504670A JP5201325B2 (ja) | 2005-02-24 | 2006-02-14 | 電池 |
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JP (1) | JP5201325B2 (ja) |
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US8380355B2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2013-02-19 | Wayne/Scott Fetzer Company | Capacitive sensor and method and apparatus for controlling a pump using same |
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KR100946835B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-13 | 2010-03-09 | 현대자동차일본기술연구소 | 라미네이트 필름을 이용한 베어셀 |
TWI419395B (zh) * | 2011-04-19 | 2013-12-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 二次電池結構 |
WO2013031526A1 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-03-07 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Power storage device |
US20190237763A1 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-08-01 | Showa Denko K.K. | Graphite material and secondary battery electrode using same |
WO2019188757A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電気化学デバイス |
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JP2000348727A (ja) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-15 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 非水電解液2次電池 |
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JP2003187865A (ja) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-04 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2003331917A (ja) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-21 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 電気化学ディバイス用部材の腐食抑制方法及び電池 |
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CN1317790C (zh) * | 2001-01-04 | 2007-05-23 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系电解液及其二次锂电池 |
JP3831939B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-12 | 2006-10-11 | ソニー株式会社 | 電池 |
JP3729815B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-16 | 2005-12-21 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | ニッケル−水素蓄電池用負極板およびその製造方法ならびにそれを用いたニッケル−水素蓄電池 |
KR100567112B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-08 | 2006-03-31 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | 음극 및 그것을 사용한 리튬이온이차전지 |
JP3789438B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-03 | 2006-06-21 | Necラミリオンエナジー株式会社 | フィルム外装電池 |
JP4022889B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2007-12-19 | ソニー株式会社 | 電解液および電池 |
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- 2006-02-14 KR KR1020077019238A patent/KR20070104918A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-14 US US11/816,833 patent/US20090053593A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-14 CN CN200680005058A patent/CN100576611C/zh active Active
- 2006-02-14 JP JP2007504670A patent/JP5201325B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000348727A (ja) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-15 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 非水電解液2次電池 |
JP2003109665A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ポリマー電池 |
JP2003187865A (ja) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-04 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2003331917A (ja) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-21 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 電気化学ディバイス用部材の腐食抑制方法及び電池 |
JP2004095307A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Toshiba Corp | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2004127839A (ja) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | Tdk Corp | 電気化学デバイス |
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US8380355B2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2013-02-19 | Wayne/Scott Fetzer Company | Capacitive sensor and method and apparatus for controlling a pump using same |
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JPWO2006090607A1 (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
CN100576611C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
JP5201325B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
CN101120465A (zh) | 2008-02-06 |
US20090053593A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
KR20070104918A (ko) | 2007-10-29 |
TW200642133A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
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